API – DOAJ

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"> <title>API – DOAJ</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/assets/img/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#fd5a3b"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/assets/img/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="description" content="DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.">  <meta property="og:url" content="https://doaj.org/api/v4/docs"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ"> <meta property="og:description" content="DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://doaj.org/api//assets/img/opengraph/img.png">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="twitter:domain" content="doaj.org"> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@DOAJplus"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://doaj.org"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://doaj.org/api//assets/img/opengraph/img.png">  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" /> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/vendor/select2-3.5.4/select2.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/vendor/swagger-ui-5.11.6/swagger-ui.css"/>  <link href='/static/doaj/css/doaj_api.css' media='screen' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/doaj/css/main.css?v=7.0.3"> </head> <body class="" id="body" data-spy="scroll" data-offset="70"> <div id="cookie-consent" class="cookie-consent"> <p>This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. <a href="/privacy/" style="text-decoration: underline;">Learn more about DOAJ’s privacy policy.</a></p> <p> <a class="button" id="cookie-consent-hide" href="/cookie_consent?continue=/api/v4/docs">Hide this message</a> </p> </div> <a href="#maincontent" class="skip-to-main"><span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="arrow-down"></span></a> <header class="page-header">  <div class="primary-nav" id="primary-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="row flex-center primary-nav__content"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/" class="logo"> <h2 class="sr-only">The Directory of Open Access Journals</h2> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1854 400"> <title>DOAJ Logotype</title> <path fill="#982e0a" d="M275.861 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fd5a3b" d="M137.93 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fa9a87" d="M0 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0C89.543 0 0 89.543 0 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <g fill="currentColor"> <path d="M576 7.692v384.616h131.868c103.297 0 158.242-51.099 158.242-156.044v-72.528c0-104.945-54.945-156.044-158.242-156.044zm72.527 65.934h60.44c62.088 0 84.615 31.869 84.615 87.912v76.924c0 56.044-22.527 87.912-84.615 87.912h-60.44zM910.182 159.341v81.318c0 101.099 59.89 159.341 158.238 159.341 98.36 0 158.25-58.242 158.25-159.341v-81.318C1226.67 60.989 1166.78 0 1068.42 0c-98.348 0-158.238 60.989-158.238 159.341zm72.527-3.297c0-52.198 30.221-91.209 85.711-91.209 53.85 0 85.72 36.813 85.72 91.209v87.912c0 53.297-25.83 91.209-85.72 91.209-58.24 0-85.711-35.714-85.711-91.209zM1353.64 7.692l-106.59 384.616h74.72l23.08-85.715h134.06l23.08 85.715h74.73L1470.12 7.692zm8.24 232.967 46.7-172.527h6.6l46.7 172.527zM1853.37 7.692h-72.52v269.231c0 36.264-18.69 57.143-51.1 57.143-34.62 0-54.4-21.429-54.4-57.143v-36.264h-72.53v36.264c0 77.473 50 123.077 129.12 123.077 75.28 0 121.43-43.407 121.43-123.077z"/> </g> </svg> <span class="logo__tagline"> Open <br/>Global <br/>Trusted </span> </a> </div> <nav class="col-xs-8 flex-end"> <h2 class="sr-only">Main actions</h2> <ul class="nav-bar" role="menubar" id="main_actions"> <li class="dropdown primary-nav__item_desktop" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link label" id="action-menu-support" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Support <span data-feather="heart" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="action-menu-support" role="menu" aria-label="Support"> <li> <a href="/support/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown primary-nav__item_desktop" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link label" id="action-menu-apply" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Apply <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="action-menu-apply" role="menu" aria-label="Apply"> <li> <a href="/apply/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="flex-center primary-nav__search" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-search" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="label"> Search</span> <span data-feather="search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </li> </ul> <div class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu-toggle" aria-label="Click to open menu" role="button"> <span class="label">Menu</span> <span data-feather="menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="secondary-nav "> <div class="container"> <h2 class="sr-only">Secondary actions</h2> <div class="flex-space-between"> <ul class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu" role="menu"> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-journals-articles" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Search <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-journals-articles" aria-label="Search" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/search/journals" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/articles" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Articles </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-documentation" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Documentation <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-documentation" aria-label="Documentation" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/docs/api/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> API </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/oai-pmh/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> OAI-PMH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/widgets/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Widgets </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/public-data-dump/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Public data dump </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/openurl/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> OpenURL </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/xml/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> XML </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/faq/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Metadata help </a> </li> <li> <a href="/preservation/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Preservation </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-about" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> About <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-about" aria-label="About" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/about/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> About DOAJ </a> </li> <li> <a href="/at-20/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> DOAJ at 20 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/team/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> DOAJ team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ambassadors/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Ambassadors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/advisory-board-council/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Advisory Board & Council </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/editorial-policy-advisory-group/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Editorial Policy Advisory Group </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Volunteers </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://blog.doaj.org" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> News </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-support" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Support <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-support" aria-label="Support" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/support/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-apply" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Apply <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-apply" aria-label="Apply" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/apply/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="/account/login" class="nav-bar__link"> Login <span data-feather="log-in" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu" role="menu"> <li class="" role="menuitem"> <a href="/account/login" class="nav-bar__link"> Login <span data-feather="log-in" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container"> </div> </header> <section class="modal" id="modal-search" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal__dialog" role="document"> <header class="flex-space-between modal__heading"> <h2 class="modal__title">Quick search</h2> <span type="button" data-dismiss="modal" class="type-01"><span class="sr-only">Close</span>×</span> </header> <form class="quick-search__form doaj-minisearch--container" role="search" action="/search" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="quick-search"> <input type="hidden" name="origin" value="ui"> <input type="radio" id="quick-search-journals" name="content-type" value="journals" checked> <label for="quick-search-journals">Journals</label> <input type="radio" id="quick-search-articles" name="content-type" value="articles"> <label for="quick-search-articles">Articles</label> <div class="input-group"> <label for="quick-search-keywords" class="sr-only">Search by keywords:</label> <input type="text" name="keywords" id="quick-search-keywords" required> <label for="quick-search-fields" class="sr-only">In the field:</label> <select name="fields" id="quick-search-fields" class="input-group__input"> <option value="all">In all fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="issn">ISSN</option> <option value="subject">Subject</option> <option value="publisher">Publisher</option> <option value="country">Country of publisher</option> </select> <button type="submit"> <span data-feather="search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only"> Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </div> </section> <main id="maincontent"> <div class="container page-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <section> <p class="label">Docs</p> <h1>API </h1> <div class="alert alert--message"> <p>This is the current version of the DOAJ API</p> <p>Please review the below timeline and migration notes, and upgrade your integrations as soon as possible.</p> <p>Documentation for the previous version of the API (v3) is available <a href="/api/v3/docs">here</a></p> <p>This new version of the API introduces significant performance improvements on the bulk article upload endpoint (/api/bulk/articles).</p> <p>This change is not backwards compatible with the previous API version, so if you rely on bulk article uploads, you will need to upgrade your integrations to use the new version.</p> <p>This upgrade affects only the /api/bulk/articles endpoint. If you do not use this feature, your API integrations will continue to work normally.</p> <p>The bulk articles endpoint has changed from a synchronous upload to an asynchronous one. In this new version, you upload a batch of articles to be ingested, and the system will respond immediately with an "Accepted" response, and a link to a status endpoint which will track the import progress of your request. This has been done for several reasons:</p> <ul style="margin-left: 0.75rem !important"> <li>It is consistent with the manual bulk upload approach we have in the user interface</li> <li>It allows us to manage the performance of the API better</li> <li>It mitigates issues some users have had with large uploads timing out</li> </ul> <h2>Timeline</h2> <ol style="margin-left: 0.75rem !important; list-style: auto"> <li><strong>18th July 2024</strong> The v4 API became the "current" API version and is available at /api AND /api/v4. At this point, old integrations with the bulk article upload have ceased to work, and you must switch to using /api/v3 if you want to get it to work again. If you wish to continue using this feature long-term, you must upgrade your integrations.</li> <li><strong>Early 2025</strong> (exact date to be confirmed) All previous API versions (v1, v2 and v3) will cease to support bulk article uploads, and if you wish to use this feature, you must use the v4 API. All other backwards-compatible API features in those previous versions of the API will continue to work as normal.</li> </ol> <p>Please get in touch if you have any questions.</p> </div> <p>This page documents v.4.0.0 of the DOAJ API.</p> <p>Base URL: <a href="https://doaj.org/api/" target="_blank">https://doaj.org/api/</a></p> <h2 id="intro">Using this live documentation page</h2> <p>This page contains a list of all routes available via the DOAJ API. It also serves as a live demo page. You can fill in the parameters needed by the API and it will construct and send a request to the live API for you, letting you see all the details you might need for your integration.</p> <p>Please note that not all fields will be available on all records.</p> <p>Further information on advanced usage of the routes, and FAQs, are available <a href="#search-api">further down this page</a>.</p> <h2 id="intro_auth">Authentication information</h2> <p>API keys are usually only available to publishers who submit data to DOAJ. If you think you could benefit from integrating more closely with the API, please <a href="/contact/">contact us</a>. If you already have an account, please log in, click 'My Account' and 'Settings' to see your API key. If you do not see an API key then please <a href="/contact/">contact us</a></p> <h2 id="intro_help">Help and support</h2> <p>We have 3 API groups that you can join for API announcements and discussion:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://groups.google.com/g/doaj-api-announcements">an announcement-only group</a> (e.g. we release changes, updates, a new version or we are retiring a version)</li> <li><a href="https://groups.google.com/g/doaj-public-api">a public discussion group</a> for the public api. A public archive of discussions.</li> <li><a href="https://groups.google.com/g/doaj-private-api">a private discussion group</a> for the publishers api, for those with API keys.</li> </ul> <h2 id="swagger_info">Full API reference</h2> <div id="swagger-section" class="swagger-section"> <div id="swagger-ui-container" class="swagger-ui-wrap"></div> </div> <h2 id="search_api"><a name="search-api"></a>How-To Guide on Search API</h2> <h3 id="query_syntax">Query string syntax</h3> <p>If you'd like to do more complex queries than simple words or phrases, read <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax" target="_blank">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax</a>. The DOAJ database is built on Elasticsearch and knowing more about its query syntax will let you send more advanced queries. (This is not a prerequisite for using the DOAJ API - in the sections below, we provide instructions for the most common use cases.) If you think that what you have achieved with the API would be useful for others to know and would like us to add an example to this documentation, submit it to <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/doaj-public-api">our API group</a>.</p>  <h3 id="specific_field_search">Searching inside a specific field</h3> <p>When you are querying on a specific field you can use the json dot notation used by Elasticsearch, so for example to access the journal title of an article, you could use <pre>bibjson.journal.title:"Journal of Science"</pre> </p> <p>Note that all fields are analysed, which means that the above search does not look for the exact string "Journal of Science". To do that, add ".exact" to any string field (not date or number fields) to match the exact contents: <pre>bibjson.journal.title.exact:"Journal of Science"</pre> </p> <h3 id="special_characters">Special characters</h3> <p>All forward slash <code>/</code> characters will be automatically escaped for you unless you escape them yourself. This means any forward slashes <code>/</code> will become <code>\/</code> which ends up encoded as <code>%5C/</code> in a URL. A"naked" backslash <code>\</code> is not allowed in a URL. You can search for a DOI by giving the articles endpoint either of the following queries (they will give you the same results): <pre> doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00479 doi:10.3389%5C/fpsyg.2013.00479 </pre> </p> <h3 id="short_field_names">Short field names</h3> <p>For convenience we also offer shorter field names for you to use when querying. Note that <em>you cannot use the ".exact" notation mentioned above on these substitutions</em>.</p> <p>The substitutions for journals are as follows:<br> <ul> <li>title - search within the journal's title</li> <li>issn - the journal's issn</li> <li>publisher - the journal's publisher (not exact match)</li> <li>license - the exact license</li> </ul> </p> <p>In addition, if you have a publisher account with the DOAJ, you may use the field "username" to query for your own publicly available journal records. Usernames are not available in the returned journal records, and no list of usernames is available to the public; you need to know your own username to use this field. You would include "username:myusername" in your search.</p> <p>The substitutions for articles are as follows:<br> <ul> <li>title - search within the article title</li> <li>doi - the article's doi</li> <li>issn - the article's journal's ISSN</li> <li>publisher - the article's journal's publisher (not exact match)</li> <li>abstract - search within the article abstract</li> </ul> </p> <h3 id="sorting">Sorting of results</h3> <p>Each request can take a "sort" url parameter, which can be of the form of one of:</p> <pre> sort=field sort=field:direction </pre> <p>The field again uses the dot notation.</p> <p>If specifying the direction, it must be one of "asc" or "desc". If no direction is supplied then "asc" is used.</p> <p>So for example</p> <pre> sort=bibjson.title sort=bibjson.title:desc </pre> <p>Note that for fields which may contain multiple values (i.e. arrays), the sort will use the "smallest" value in that field to sort by (depending on the definition of "smallest" for that field type)</p> <h3 id="query_string_advanced_usage">The query string - advanced usage</h3> <p>The format of the query part of the URL is that of an Elasticsearch query string, as documented here: <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#query-string-syntax</a>. Elasticsearch uses Lucene under the hood.</p> <p>Some of the Elasticsearch query syntax <strong>has been disabled</strong> in order to prevent queries which may damage performance. The disabled features are:</p> <ol> <li><p>Wildcard searches. You may not put a * into a query string: <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_wildcards">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_wildcards</a></p></li> <li><p>Regular expression searches. You may not put an expression between two forward slashes <code>/regex/</code> into a query string: <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_regular_expressions">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_regular_expressions</a>. This is done both for performance reasons and because of the escaping of forward slashes <code>/</code> <a href="#special_characters">described above.</a></p></li> <li><p>Fuzzy Searches. You may not use the ~ notation: <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_fuzziness">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_fuzziness</a></p></li> <li><p>Proximity Searches. <a href="https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_proximity_searches">https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/1.4/query-dsl-query-string-query.html#_proximity_searches</a></p></li> </ol> <h2 id="crud_api">How-To Guide on CRUD API</h2> <h3 id="creating_articles">Creating articles</h3> <p>Documentation for the structure of the JSON documents that you can send to our API is <a href="https://doaj.github.io/doaj-docs/master/data_models/IncomingAPIArticle">hosted on our Github repository</a>.</p> <p>If you try to create an article with a DOI or a full-text URL as another one of the articles associated with your account, then the system will detect this as a duplicate. It will overwrite the old article we have with the new data you're supplying via the CRUD Article Create endpoint. It works in the same way as submitting article metadata to DOAJ via XML upload or manual entry with your publisher user account.</p> <h3 id="update_requests">Applications - Update Requests</h3> <p>If you wish to submit an application which is intended to provide updated information for an existing Journal you have in DOAJ, then you can submit an Update Request.</p> <p>An Update Request can be created by sending a new application record via the <a href="/api/docs#!/CRUD_Applications/post_api_applications">Application CRUD</a> endpoint, and including the identifier of the Journal it replaces in the "admin.current_journal" field:</p> <pre> POST /api/applications?api_key=????? { "admin" : { "current_journal" : 1234567890 }, "bibjson : { ... } } </pre> <p>When you do this, a new application will be created, based on the pre-existing Journal. There are a number of fields that will be <strong>ignored</strong> when provided during an Update Request, these are:</p> <ul> <li>Title - bibjson.title</li> <li>Alternative Title - bibjson.alternative_title</li> <li>Print ISSN - bibjson.identifier type=pissn</li> <li>Electronic ISSN - bibjson.identifier type=eissn</li> <li>Contact Name - admin.contact.name</li> <li>Contact Email - admin.contact.email</li> </ul> <p>If you need to change any of these fields, please contact us.</p> <p>Once you have created a new Update Request, you can make changes to that via the CRUD endpoint (both Update and Delete) until an administrator at DOAJ picks it up for review. Once it is picked up for review, attempts to update or delete the Update Request will be rejected by the API with a 403 (Forbidden).</p>  <h2 id="api-faq">API FAQs</h2> <h3>Is there an upload limit for uploading articles, or a rate limit?</h3> <p>No, there is no limit set on how many articles you can upload, but we do have a rate limit. See below.</p> <p>There are two ways to upload articles to DOAJ:</p> <ol> <li><b>One by one via the Article CRUD API</b>. This allows one article at a time but it should be possible to upload 1-2 per second, or more if you have multiple IP addresses sending them at once.</li> <li><b>In batches using the Article Bulk API</b> (only for authenticated users). There are no limits to how many articles are uploaded in a batch. However, processing happens synchronously so you may encounter a timeout based on how long the articles take to process in our system. The timeout is set very high: our server has 10 minutes to respond before the web server closes the connection. Your client may drop the connection sooner, however. Keep the batch sizes small to help mitigate this. We recommend around 600 kilobytes.</li> </ol> <p>There is <b>a rate limit</b> of two requests per second on all API routes. "Bursts" are permitted, which means up to five requests per user are queued by the system and are fulfilled in turn so long as they average out to two requests per second overall.</p> <h3>When making a POST request, do we need to include any of the fields in the admin hash (e.g. in_doaj or upload_id)?</h3> <p>In applications, only the contact subfield is required in the admin section. The full list is handled in our <a href="https://github.com/DOAJ/doaj/blob/f96ae3fb0c262b8c45dabd1fd5449ecf60cf6595/portality/api/current/data_objects/application.py#L64">validation structure</a>.</p> <h3>Should language and country be spelled out or can I use codes?</h3> <p>You can use either but using the correct <a href="https://www.iso.org/iso-3166-country-codes.html">ISO-3166 two-character code</a> is the most robust route. The incoming data is passed to our <a href="https://github.com/DOAJ/doaj/blob/f96ae3fb0c262b8c45dabd1fd5449ecf60cf6595/portality/datasets.py#L128">get_country_code() function</a> which looks up from that list so a name will also work.</p> <h3>How do you identify ISSNs via POST requests?</h3> <p>To identify the correct ISSN, use "https://doaj.org/api/search/journals/issn:XXXX-XXXX" where XXXX-XXXX is the ISSN of your journals.</p> <h3>Do we need the last_updated or created_date to be included?</h3> <p>No, these fields are generated by the system and will be ignored if included.</p> <h3>Should keywords be comma-separated as a single string (e.g. "foo, bar") or separate strings (e.g. ["foo", "bar"])?</h3> <p>As a list of separate strings.</p> <h3>For the link[:content_type] - what are acceptable values?</h3> <p>We expect one of ["PDF", "HTML", "ePUB", "XML"]</p> <h3>Are start_page and end_page required?</h3> <p>In articles these fields are not required. <a href="https://github.com/DOAJ/doaj/blob/f96ae3fb0c262b8c45dabd1fd5449ecf60cf6595/portality/api/current/data_objects/article.py#L96">See this list for required fields in article uploads</a>.</p> <h2 id="version-history"><a name="version-history"></a>Version History</h2> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Date changes were made live</th> <th>Changes</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>18th June 2024</td> <td>v4.0.0 - Bulk article uploads are now asynchronous</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21st March 2022</td> <td>v3.0.1 - Expose OA Start field <code>bibjson.oa_start</code> for journals and applications. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>30th September 2021</td> <td>v3.0.0 - Addition of OA Start date as a required field <code>bibjson.oa_start</code> in incoming applications. Corresponds to application form question <strong>"When did the journal start to publish all content using an open license?"</strong> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <nav class="page-nav nav affix" data-spy="affix"> <h2 class="page-nav__heading">Jump to:</h2> <ul class="page-nav__list"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#intro">Using this live documentation page</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#intro_auth">Authentication information</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#intro_help">Help and support</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#swagger_info">Full API reference</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#operations-tag-CRUD_Applications">CRUD Applications</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#operations-tag-CRUD_Articles">CRUD Articles</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#operations-tag-Bulk_API">Bulk API</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#operations-tag-CRUD_Journals">Crud Journals</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#operations-tag-Search">Search</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#search_api">How-To Guide on Search API</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#query_syntax">Query string syntax</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#specific_field_search">Searching inside a specific field</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#special_characters">Special characters</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#short_field_names">Short field names</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#sorting">Sorting of results</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#query_string_advanced_usage">The query string - advanced usage</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#crud_api">How-To Guide on CRUD API</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#creating_articles">Creating articles</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#update_requests">Applications - Update Requests</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#api-faq">API FAQs</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#version-history">Version History</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="modal" id="modal-wechat" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modalLabel-wechat"> <div class="modal__dialog" role="document" style="width: 25vw;"> <h3 class="modal__title sr-only" id="modalLabel-wechat"> WeChat QR code </h3> <img src="/assets/img/wechat/wechat-qr.jpeg" alt="" style="width: 100%;"/> <div class="flex-center"> <button type="button" data-dismiss="modal" class="no-margins">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="page-footer"> <div class="container"> <a class="back-to-top" data-spy="affix" href="#" id="top"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="arrow-up"></span> <span class="sr-only">Back to top</span> </a> <section class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Search </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/search/journals"> Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/articles"> Articles </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Documentation </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/api/"> API </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/oai-pmh/"> OAI-PMH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/widgets/"> Widgets </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/public-data-dump/"> Public data dump </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/openurl/"> OpenURL </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/xml/"> XML </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/faq/"> Metadata help </a> </li> <li> <a href="/preservation/"> Preservation </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> About </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/"> About DOAJ </a> </li> <li> <a href="/at-20/"> DOAJ at 20 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/team/"> DOAJ team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ambassadors/"> Ambassadors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/advisory-board-council/"> Advisory Board & Council </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/editorial-policy-advisory-group/"> Editorial Policy Advisory Group </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/"> Volunteers </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://blog.doaj.org"> News </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Support </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/support/"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Apply </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/apply/"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Stay up to date </h2> <ul> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/DOAJplus"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="twitter"></span> Twitter </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/DirectoryofOpenAccessJournals/"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="facebook"></span> Facebook </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/DOAJ"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="github"></span> Github </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/directory-of-open-access-journals-doaj-/"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="linkedin"></span> Linkedin </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-wechat" role="button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="height: 1em;" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M21.502 19.525C23.026 18.42 24 16.787 24 14.971c0-3.326-3.237-6.023-7.229-6.023s-7.229 2.697-7.229 6.023c0 3.327 3.237 6.024 7.229 6.024.825 0 1.621-.117 2.36-.33l.212-.032c.139 0 .265.043.384.111l1.583.914.139.045a.241.241 0 00.241-.241l-.039-.176-.326-1.215-.025-.154a.48.48 0 01.202-.392zM8.675 2.297C3.884 2.297 0 5.533 0 9.526c0 2.178 1.168 4.139 2.997 5.464a.575.575 0 01.243.471l-.03.184-.391 1.458-.047.211c0 .16.13.29.289.29l.168-.054 1.899-1.097a.908.908 0 01.46-.133l.255.038c.886.255 1.842.397 2.832.397l.476-.012a5.586 5.586 0 01-.291-1.771c0-3.641 3.542-6.593 7.911-6.593l.471.012c-.653-3.453-4.24-6.094-8.567-6.094zm5.686 11.711a.964.964 0 11.001-1.927.964.964 0 01-.001 1.927zm4.82 0a.964.964 0 110-1.928.964.964 0 010 1.928zM5.783 8.369a1.156 1.156 0 110-2.312 1.156 1.156 0 010 2.312zm5.783 0a1.156 1.156 0 110-2.312 1.156 1.156 0 010 2.312z"/> </svg> WeChat </a> </li> <li> <a href="/feed"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="rss"></span> Atom feed </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="legal"> <h2 class="sr-only"> Legal & admin </h2> <div> <a href="/" class="logo"> <h2 class="sr-only">The Directory of Open Access Journals</h2> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1854 400"> <title>DOAJ Logotype</title> <path fill="#982e0a" d="M275.861 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fd5a3b" d="M137.93 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fa9a87" d="M0 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0C89.543 0 0 89.543 0 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <g fill="currentColor"> <path d="M576 7.692v384.616h131.868c103.297 0 158.242-51.099 158.242-156.044v-72.528c0-104.945-54.945-156.044-158.242-156.044zm72.527 65.934h60.44c62.088 0 84.615 31.869 84.615 87.912v76.924c0 56.044-22.527 87.912-84.615 87.912h-60.44zM910.182 159.341v81.318c0 101.099 59.89 159.341 158.238 159.341 98.36 0 158.25-58.242 158.25-159.341v-81.318C1226.67 60.989 1166.78 0 1068.42 0c-98.348 0-158.238 60.989-158.238 159.341zm72.527-3.297c0-52.198 30.221-91.209 85.711-91.209 53.85 0 85.72 36.813 85.72 91.209v87.912c0 53.297-25.83 91.209-85.72 91.209-58.24 0-85.711-35.714-85.711-91.209zM1353.64 7.692l-106.59 384.616h74.72l23.08-85.715h134.06l23.08 85.715h74.73L1470.12 7.692zm8.24 232.967 46.7-172.527h6.6l46.7 172.527zM1853.37 7.692h-72.52v269.231c0 36.264-18.69 57.143-51.1 57.143-34.62 0-54.4-21.429-54.4-57.143v-36.264h-72.53v36.264c0 77.473 50 123.077 129.12 123.077 75.28 0 121.43-43.407 121.43-123.077z"/> </g> </svg> <span class="logo__tagline"> Open <br/>Global <br/>Trusted </span> </a> <p> © DOAJ 2024 default by all rights reserved <a href="/terms/" style="text-decoration: underline;">unless otherwise specified</a>. </p> <ul> <li> <a href="/accessibility/"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li> <a href="/privacy/"> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact/"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="/terms/"> T&Cs </a> </li> <li> <a href="/media/"> Media </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://is4oa.org/"> IS4OA </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://cottagelabs.com"> Cottage Labs </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="page-footer__licensing"> <p> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="See license summary"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.785" cy="28.501" r="28.836"/> <path d="M37.441-3.5c8.951,0,16.572,3.125,22.857,9.372c3.008,3.009,5.295,6.448,6.857,10.314 c1.561,3.867,2.344,7.971,2.344,12.314c0,4.381-0.773,8.486-2.314,12.313c-1.543,3.828-3.82,7.21-6.828,10.143 c-3.123,3.085-6.666,5.448-10.629,7.086c-3.961,1.638-8.057,2.457-12.285,2.457s-8.276-0.808-12.143-2.429 c-3.866-1.618-7.333-3.961-10.4-7.027c-3.067-3.066-5.4-6.524-7-10.372S5.5,32.767,5.5,28.5c0-4.229,0.809-8.295,2.428-12.2 c1.619-3.905,3.972-7.4,7.057-10.486C21.08-0.394,28.565-3.5,37.441-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.314,0-13.467,2.553-18.458,7.657 c-2.515,2.553-4.448,5.419-5.8,8.6c-1.354,3.181-2.029,6.505-2.029,9.972c0,3.429,0.675,6.734,2.029,9.913 c1.353,3.183,3.285,6.021,5.8,8.516c2.514,2.496,5.351,4.399,8.515,5.715c3.161,1.314,6.476,1.971,9.943,1.971 c3.428,0,6.75-0.665,9.973-1.999c3.219-1.335,6.121-3.257,8.713-5.771c4.99-4.876,7.484-10.99,7.484-18.344 c0-3.543-0.648-6.895-1.943-10.057c-1.293-3.162-3.18-5.98-5.654-8.458C50.984,4.844,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M37.156,23.187 l-4.287,2.229c-0.458-0.951-1.019-1.619-1.685-2c-0.667-0.38-1.286-0.571-1.858-0.571c-2.856,0-4.286,1.885-4.286,5.657 c0,1.714,0.362,3.084,1.085,4.113c0.724,1.029,1.791,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.867,0,3.181-0.915,3.944-2.743l3.942,2 c-0.838,1.563-2,2.791-3.486,3.686c-1.484,0.896-3.123,1.343-4.914,1.343c-2.857,0-5.163-0.875-6.915-2.629 c-1.752-1.752-2.628-4.19-2.628-7.313c0-3.048,0.886-5.466,2.657-7.257c1.771-1.79,4.009-2.686,6.715-2.686 C32.604,18.558,35.441,20.101,37.156,23.187z M55.613,23.187l-4.229,2.229c-0.457-0.951-1.02-1.619-1.686-2 c-0.668-0.38-1.307-0.571-1.914-0.571c-2.857,0-4.287,1.885-4.287,5.657c0,1.714,0.363,3.084,1.086,4.113 c0.723,1.029,1.789,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.865,0,3.18-0.915,3.941-2.743l4,2c-0.875,1.563-2.057,2.791-3.541,3.686 c-1.486,0.896-3.105,1.343-4.857,1.343c-2.896,0-5.209-0.875-6.941-2.629c-1.736-1.752-2.602-4.19-2.602-7.313 c0-3.048,0.885-5.466,2.658-7.257c1.77-1.79,4.008-2.686,6.713-2.686C51.117,18.558,53.938,20.101,55.613,23.187z"/> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.637" cy="28.806" r="28.276"/> <g> <path d="M37.443-3.5c8.988,0,16.57,3.085,22.742,9.257C66.393,11.967,69.5,19.548,69.5,28.5c0,8.991-3.049,16.476-9.145,22.456 C53.879,57.319,46.242,60.5,37.443,60.5c-8.649,0-16.153-3.144-22.514-9.43C8.644,44.784,5.5,37.262,5.5,28.5 c0-8.761,3.144-16.342,9.429-22.742C21.101-0.415,28.604-3.5,37.443-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.276,0-13.428,2.553-18.457,7.657 c-5.22,5.334-7.829,11.525-7.829,18.572c0,7.086,2.59,13.22,7.77,18.398c5.181,5.182,11.352,7.771,18.514,7.771 c7.123,0,13.334-2.607,18.629-7.828c5.029-4.838,7.543-10.952,7.543-18.343c0-7.276-2.553-13.465-7.656-18.571 C50.967,4.824,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M46.129,20.557v13.085h-3.656v15.542h-9.944V33.643h-3.656V20.557 c0-0.572,0.2-1.057,0.599-1.457c0.401-0.399,0.887-0.6,1.457-0.6h13.144c0.533,0,1.01,0.2,1.428,0.6 C45.918,19.5,46.129,19.986,46.129,20.557z M33.042,12.329c0-3.008,1.485-4.514,4.458-4.514s4.457,1.504,4.457,4.514 c0,2.971-1.486,4.457-4.457,4.457S33.042,15.3,33.042,12.329z"/> </g> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="36.944" cy="28.631" r="29.105"/> <g> <path d="M37.443-3.5c8.951,0,16.531,3.105,22.742,9.315C66.393,11.987,69.5,19.548,69.5,28.5c0,8.954-3.049,16.457-9.145,22.514 C53.918,57.338,46.279,60.5,37.443,60.5c-8.649,0-16.153-3.143-22.514-9.429C8.644,44.786,5.5,37.264,5.5,28.501 c0-8.723,3.144-16.285,9.429-22.685C21.138-0.395,28.643-3.5,37.443-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.276,0-13.428,2.572-18.457,7.715 c-5.22,5.296-7.829,11.467-7.829,18.513c0,7.125,2.59,13.257,7.77,18.4c5.181,5.182,11.352,7.771,18.514,7.771 c7.123,0,13.334-2.609,18.629-7.828c5.029-4.876,7.543-10.99,7.543-18.343c0-7.313-2.553-13.485-7.656-18.513 C51.004,4.842,44.832,2.272,37.557,2.272z M23.271,23.985c0.609-3.924,2.189-6.962,4.742-9.114 c2.552-2.152,5.656-3.228,9.314-3.228c5.027,0,9.029,1.62,12,4.856c2.971,3.238,4.457,7.391,4.457,12.457 c0,4.915-1.543,9-4.627,12.256c-3.088,3.256-7.086,4.886-12.002,4.886c-3.619,0-6.743-1.085-9.371-3.257 c-2.629-2.172-4.209-5.257-4.743-9.257H31.1c0.19,3.886,2.533,5.829,7.029,5.829c2.246,0,4.057-0.972,5.428-2.914 c1.373-1.942,2.059-4.534,2.059-7.771c0-3.391-0.629-5.971-1.885-7.743c-1.258-1.771-3.066-2.657-5.43-2.657 c-4.268,0-6.667,1.885-7.2,5.656h2.343l-6.342,6.343l-6.343-6.343L23.271,23.985L23.271,23.985z"/> </g> </g> </svg> </a> <br> <strong>Content</strong> on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license</a>. </p> <p> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="See license summary"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.785" cy="28.501" r="28.836"/> <path d="M37.441-3.5c8.951,0,16.572,3.125,22.857,9.372c3.008,3.009,5.295,6.448,6.857,10.314 c1.561,3.867,2.344,7.971,2.344,12.314c0,4.381-0.773,8.486-2.314,12.313c-1.543,3.828-3.82,7.21-6.828,10.143 c-3.123,3.085-6.666,5.448-10.629,7.086c-3.961,1.638-8.057,2.457-12.285,2.457s-8.276-0.808-12.143-2.429 c-3.866-1.618-7.333-3.961-10.4-7.027c-3.067-3.066-5.4-6.524-7-10.372S5.5,32.767,5.5,28.5c0-4.229,0.809-8.295,2.428-12.2 c1.619-3.905,3.972-7.4,7.057-10.486C21.08-0.394,28.565-3.5,37.441-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.314,0-13.467,2.553-18.458,7.657 c-2.515,2.553-4.448,5.419-5.8,8.6c-1.354,3.181-2.029,6.505-2.029,9.972c0,3.429,0.675,6.734,2.029,9.913 c1.353,3.183,3.285,6.021,5.8,8.516c2.514,2.496,5.351,4.399,8.515,5.715c3.161,1.314,6.476,1.971,9.943,1.971 c3.428,0,6.75-0.665,9.973-1.999c3.219-1.335,6.121-3.257,8.713-5.771c4.99-4.876,7.484-10.99,7.484-18.344 c0-3.543-0.648-6.895-1.943-10.057c-1.293-3.162-3.18-5.98-5.654-8.458C50.984,4.844,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M37.156,23.187 l-4.287,2.229c-0.458-0.951-1.019-1.619-1.685-2c-0.667-0.38-1.286-0.571-1.858-0.571c-2.856,0-4.286,1.885-4.286,5.657 c0,1.714,0.362,3.084,1.085,4.113c0.724,1.029,1.791,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.867,0,3.181-0.915,3.944-2.743l3.942,2 c-0.838,1.563-2,2.791-3.486,3.686c-1.484,0.896-3.123,1.343-4.914,1.343c-2.857,0-5.163-0.875-6.915-2.629 c-1.752-1.752-2.628-4.19-2.628-7.313c0-3.048,0.886-5.466,2.657-7.257c1.771-1.79,4.009-2.686,6.715-2.686 C32.604,18.558,35.441,20.101,37.156,23.187z M55.613,23.187l-4.229,2.229c-0.457-0.951-1.02-1.619-1.686-2 c-0.668-0.38-1.307-0.571-1.914-0.571c-2.857,0-4.287,1.885-4.287,5.657c0,1.714,0.363,3.084,1.086,4.113 c0.723,1.029,1.789,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.865,0,3.18-0.915,3.941-2.743l4,2c-0.875,1.563-2.057,2.791-3.541,3.686 c-1.486,0.896-3.105,1.343-4.857,1.343c-2.896,0-5.209-0.875-6.941-2.629c-1.736-1.752-2.602-4.19-2.602-7.313 c0-3.048,0.885-5.466,2.658-7.257c1.77-1.79,4.008-2.686,6.713-2.686C51.117,18.558,53.938,20.101,55.613,23.187z"/> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="-0.5 0.5 64 64" enable-background="new -0.5 0.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.479 9.3C15.574 3.09 23.056 0 31.933 0C40.885 0 48.525 3.119 54.813 9.367C57.822 12.377 60.108 15.812 61.67 19.697C63.23 23.546 64 27.657 64 32C64 36.383 63.23 40.5 61.669 44.347C60.146 48.156 57.868 51.52 54.857 54.453C51.732 57.54 48.198 59.895 44.236 61.534C40.273 63.173 36.162 63.999 31.933 63.999C27.703 63.999 23.65 63.203 19.764 61.601C15.915 59.963 12.451 57.613 9.366 54.564C6.318 51.48 3.997 48.018 2.397 44.168C0.797 40.32 0 36.268 0 32C0 27.771 0.797 23.719 2.397 19.832C4.036 15.907 6.392 12.387 9.479 9.3ZM50.621 13.468C45.479 8.325 39.305 5.759 32.067 5.759C24.752 5.759 18.592 8.318 13.602 13.421C11.088 15.975 9.147 18.849 7.776 22.049C6.443 25.211 5.759 28.531 5.759 31.998C5.759 35.427 6.443 38.726 7.776 41.925C9.147 45.088 11.087 47.927 13.602 50.441C16.117 52.919 18.955 54.823 22.118 56.157C25.279 57.452 28.599 58.105 32.067 58.105C35.496 58.105 38.794 57.445 41.994 56.111C45.232 54.777 48.142 52.846 50.734 50.33C55.724 45.454 58.24 39.354 58.24 32C58.24 28.457 57.587 25.101 56.291 21.939C54.996 18.778 53.098 15.945 50.621 13.468ZM18.778 32C18.778 23.549 21.435 13.58 32 13.58C42.564 13.58 45.221 23.549 45.221 32C45.221 40.452 42.564 50.42 32 50.42C21.434 50.42 18.778 40.452 18.778 32ZM33.188 20.683C32.82 20.592 32.429 20.526 32 20.526C26.566 20.526 26.308 28.277 26.308 31.999C26.308 33.196 26.339 34.8 26.555 36.436L33.591 23.506C34.321 22.244 33.949 21.339 33.188 20.683ZM37.692 32C37.692 30.543 37.639 28.471 37.266 26.487L29.402 40.069C28.304 41.716 29.066 42.647 30.276 43.162C30.382 43.204 30.5 43.24 30.612 43.272C30.68 43.296 30.744 43.318 30.814 43.339C31.18 43.43 31.574 43.475 32.002 43.475C37.434 43.475 37.692 35.723 37.692 32Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> <br> Copyrights and related rights for <strong>article metadata</strong> waived via <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication</a>. </p> <p style="line-height: 1.05;"> <small> Photos used throughout the site by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@davidjorre" target="_blank" rel="noopener">David Jorre</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@jipy32" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jean-Philippe Delberghe</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@jjying" target="_blank" rel="noopener">JJ Ying</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@lucabravo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Luca Bravo</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@brandi1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brandi Redd</a>, & <a href="https://unsplash.com/@christianperner" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Christian Perner</a> from <a href="https://unsplash.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unsplash</a>. </small> </p> </div> </section> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/feather-4.28.0/feather.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/jquery-3.4.1/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/vendors/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/bootstrap.doaj.js"></script> <script defer data-domain="doaj.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.outbound-links.file-downloads.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/tablesorter-2.3.10/js/jquery.tablesorter.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/autocomplete.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/formutils.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/select2-3.5.4/select2.min.js?v=7.0.3"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var current_domain = document.location.host;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var current_scheme = window.location.protocol;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var es_domain = current_domain;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var es_scheme = current_scheme;</script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/doaj.js?v=7.0.3"></script> <script> jQuery (document).ready (function($) { doaj.init(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function() { $(".cookie-consent #cookie-consent-hide").on("click", setCookieConsent); $(".site-note-dismiss").on("click", dissmissSiteNote); }); </script>  <script src="/static/vendor/swagger-ui-5.11.6/swagger-ui-bundle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { var url = current_scheme + '//' + current_domain + "/api/v4/swagger.json"; console.log(url); window.swaggerUi = SwaggerUIBundle({ url: url, dom_id: "#swagger-ui-container", validatorUrl: null, docExpansion: 'list', supportedSubmitMethods: ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete'], onFailure: function (data) { console.log("Unable to Load SwaggerUI"); }, operationsSorter: "alpha", useUnsafeMarkdown: true, defaultModelExpandDepth: 2, }); }); </script> <script> $('.page-nav__item a[href^="#"]').on('click', function (e) { // Prevent the default anchor behavior e.preventDefault(); var targetId = $(this).attr('href').substring(1); var $targetElement = $('#' + targetId); var scrollPosition = $targetElement.offset().top - parseFloat($targetElement.css('scroll-margin-top')); $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: scrollPosition }, 'fast'); }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

API – DOAJ