Metadata help

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"> <title>Metadata help – DOAJ</title>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/assets/img/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/assets/img/favicon/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#fd5a3b"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/assets/img/favicon/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="description" content="">  <meta property="og:url" content="https://doaj.org/docs/faq/"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="Metadata help – DOAJ"> <meta property="og:description" content=""> <meta property="og:image" content="https://doaj.org/assets/img/opengraph/img.png">  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta property="twitter:domain" content="doaj.org"> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@DOAJplus"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://doaj.org"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Metadata help – DOAJ"> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://doaj.org/assets/img/opengraph/img.png">  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&family=Spectral:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" /> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/vendor/select2-3.5.4/select2.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/doaj/css/main.css?v=7.0.3"> </head> <body class="" id="body" data-spy="scroll" data-offset="70"> <div id="cookie-consent" class="cookie-consent"> <p>This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience. <a href="/privacy/" style="text-decoration: underline;">Learn more about DOAJ’s privacy policy.</a></p> <p> <a class="button" id="cookie-consent-hide" href="/cookie_consent?continue=/docs/faq/">Hide this message</a> </p> </div> <a href="#maincontent" class="skip-to-main"><span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="arrow-down"></span></a> <header class="page-header">  <div class="primary-nav" id="primary-nav"> <div class="container"> <div class="row flex-center primary-nav__content"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/" class="logo"> <h2 class="sr-only">The Directory of Open Access Journals</h2> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1854 400"> <title>DOAJ Logotype</title> <path fill="#982e0a" d="M275.861 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fd5a3b" d="M137.93 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fa9a87" d="M0 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0C89.543 0 0 89.543 0 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <g fill="currentColor"> <path d="M576 7.692v384.616h131.868c103.297 0 158.242-51.099 158.242-156.044v-72.528c0-104.945-54.945-156.044-158.242-156.044zm72.527 65.934h60.44c62.088 0 84.615 31.869 84.615 87.912v76.924c0 56.044-22.527 87.912-84.615 87.912h-60.44zM910.182 159.341v81.318c0 101.099 59.89 159.341 158.238 159.341 98.36 0 158.25-58.242 158.25-159.341v-81.318C1226.67 60.989 1166.78 0 1068.42 0c-98.348 0-158.238 60.989-158.238 159.341zm72.527-3.297c0-52.198 30.221-91.209 85.711-91.209 53.85 0 85.72 36.813 85.72 91.209v87.912c0 53.297-25.83 91.209-85.72 91.209-58.24 0-85.711-35.714-85.711-91.209zM1353.64 7.692l-106.59 384.616h74.72l23.08-85.715h134.06l23.08 85.715h74.73L1470.12 7.692zm8.24 232.967 46.7-172.527h6.6l46.7 172.527zM1853.37 7.692h-72.52v269.231c0 36.264-18.69 57.143-51.1 57.143-34.62 0-54.4-21.429-54.4-57.143v-36.264h-72.53v36.264c0 77.473 50 123.077 129.12 123.077 75.28 0 121.43-43.407 121.43-123.077z"/> </g> </svg> <span class="logo__tagline"> Open <br/>Global <br/>Trusted </span> </a> </div> <nav class="col-xs-8 flex-end"> <h2 class="sr-only">Main actions</h2> <ul class="nav-bar" role="menubar" id="main_actions"> <li class="dropdown primary-nav__item_desktop" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link label" id="action-menu-support" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Support <span data-feather="heart" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="action-menu-support" role="menu" aria-label="Support"> <li> <a href="/support/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown primary-nav__item_desktop" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link label" id="action-menu-apply" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Apply <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="action-menu-apply" role="menu" aria-label="Apply"> <li> <a href="/apply/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="flex-center primary-nav__search" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-search" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="label"> Search</span> <span data-feather="search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </li> </ul> <div class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu-toggle" aria-label="Click to open menu" role="button"> <span class="label">Menu</span> <span data-feather="menu" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="secondary-nav "> <div class="container"> <h2 class="sr-only">Secondary actions</h2> <div class="flex-space-between"> <ul class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu" role="menu"> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-journals-articles" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Search <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-journals-articles" aria-label="Search" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/search/journals" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/articles" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Articles </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-documentation" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Documentation <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-documentation" aria-label="Documentation" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/docs/api/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> API </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/oai-pmh/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> OAI-PMH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/widgets/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Widgets </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/public-data-dump/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Public data dump </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/openurl/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> OpenURL </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/xml/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> XML </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/faq/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Metadata help </a> </li> <li> <a href="/preservation/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Preservation </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown " role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-about" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> About <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-about" aria-label="About" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/about/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> About DOAJ </a> </li> <li> <a href="/at-20/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> DOAJ at 20 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/team/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> DOAJ team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ambassadors/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Ambassadors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/advisory-board-council/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Advisory Board & Council </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/editorial-policy-advisory-group/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Editorial Policy Advisory Group </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Volunteers </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://blog.doaj.org" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> News </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-support" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Support <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-support" aria-label="Support" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/support/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="#" class="dropdown__trigger nav-bar__link" data-toggle="dropdown" id="menu-apply" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="menuitem"> Apply <span data-feather="chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown__menu" aria-labelledby="menu-apply" aria-label="Apply" role="menu"> <li> <a href="/apply/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/" class="dropdown__link" role="menuitem"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="secondary-nav__item_mobile" role="menuitem"> <a href="/account/login" class="nav-bar__link"> Login <span data-feather="log-in" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="nav-bar secondary-nav__menu" role="menu"> <li class="" role="menuitem"> <a href="/account/login" class="nav-bar__link"> Login <span data-feather="log-in" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="container"> </div> </header> <section class="modal" id="modal-search" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal__dialog" role="document"> <header class="flex-space-between modal__heading"> <h2 class="modal__title">Quick search</h2> <span type="button" data-dismiss="modal" class="type-01"><span class="sr-only">Close</span>×</span> </header> <form class="quick-search__form doaj-minisearch--container" role="search" action="/search" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="quick-search"> <input type="hidden" name="origin" value="ui"> <input type="radio" id="quick-search-journals" name="content-type" value="journals" checked> <label for="quick-search-journals">Journals</label> <input type="radio" id="quick-search-articles" name="content-type" value="articles"> <label for="quick-search-articles">Articles</label> <div class="input-group"> <label for="quick-search-keywords" class="sr-only">Search by keywords:</label> <input type="text" name="keywords" id="quick-search-keywords" required> <label for="quick-search-fields" class="sr-only">In the field:</label> <select name="fields" id="quick-search-fields" class="input-group__input"> <option value="all">In all fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="issn">ISSN</option> <option value="subject">Subject</option> <option value="publisher">Publisher</option> <option value="country">Country of publisher</option> </select> <button type="submit"> <span data-feather="search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only"> Search</span> </button> </div> </form> </div> </section> <main id="maincontent"> <main class="container page-content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <section> <p class="label">About</p> <h1>Metadata help</h1> <p>After your journal is indexed in DOAJ and you start to upload article metadata to us, we generate journal and article metadata. We make these publicly and freely available via different methods:</p> <ul> <li>Our <a href="https://doaj.org/feed" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Atom feed</a></li> <li>Our <a href="https://doaj.org/docs/oai-pmh/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">OAI-PMH service</a></li> <li><a href="https://doaj.org/csv" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">A journal CSV</a> file (updates every 60 minutes)</li> <li>Our <a href="https://doaj.org/docs/api/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">API</a></li> <li>On our website</li> </ul> <p>Our metadata is collected and incorporated into commercial discovery systems, library discovery portals and search engines around the world. Here are some of them:</p> <ul> <li>OCLC</li> <li>EBSCO products</li> <li>Clarivate's Proquest and Ex Libris products</li> <li>Clarivate's Web of Science</li> <li>SCOPUS</li> <li>Google Scholar</li> <li>Google</li> <li>Dimensions</li> <li>CONSER's MARC records</li> </ul> <h2 id="uploading-article-metadata">Uploading article metadata</h2> <p>We are one of the most trusted and reliable providers of metadata about open access journals and articles. When publishers upload their article metadata to us, it increases the visibility of the journal and the articles.</p> <p>Choose how you want to upload article metadata to us.</p> <h3 id="api">API</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Speed and efficiency</strong>: high</li> <li><strong>Level</strong>: difficult</li> <li><strong>Formats accepted</strong>: JSON</li> <li><strong>Maximum upload limit</strong>: 50MB</li> <li><strong>Requirements</strong>:<ul> <li>An API that will connect to ours</li> <li>The API key from <a href="/account/login">your DOAJ account</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Help available?</strong> Yes, via one of our API groups; search for 'Google Group DOAJ API' in your browser.</li> <li><strong>Testing available</strong>: on a case-by-case basis and only for <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/">publisher supporters</a></li> <li><strong>Documentation</strong> <a href="/docs/api/">Yes</a></li> <li><strong>FAQS</strong> <a href="/api/v3/docs#api-faq">Yes</a></li> <li><strong>OJS plugin available?</strong> Yes. Refer to <a href="https://docs.pkp.sfu.ca/admin-guide/3.3/en/data-import-and-export#doaj-export-plugin" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">PKP documentation</a>.</li> <li><strong>OJS support</strong>: for help, refer to <a href="https://forum.pkp.sfu.ca/c/questions/5" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the OJS Technical Forum</a></li> <li><strong>Troubleshooting uploads</strong>: please <a href="https://github.com/DOAJ/doaj/issues/new/choose" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">submit a bug report</a> (via GitHub) or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6109040d110504120a21050e000b4f0e1306">contact us</a> with the following details:<ul> <li>The time of the file upload. (If you saw the error more than 12 hours ago, please try the upload again before you contact us.)</li> <li>Whether the error happened once or repeatedly</li> <li>The exact error message that appeared during the upload. Include a screenshot.</li> <li>The DOAJ account ID that you are logged in with. You will find this under 'Settings' in the Dashboard dropdown menu.</li> <li>The file(s) you had problems with</li> <li>The ISSN(s) of the journal</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="xml">XML</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Speed and efficiency</strong>: medium</li> <li><strong>Level</strong>: medium</li> <li><strong>Formats accepted</strong>: DOAJ and Crossref XML</li> <li><strong>Maximum upload limit</strong>: 50MB</li> <li><strong>Requirements</strong>:<ul> <li>A way to generate structured XML and validate it against the required XSD file.</li> <li>The XSD files: <a href="/static/doaj/doajArticles.xsd">DOAJ</a>, <a href="/static/crossref/crossref5.3.1.xsd">Crossref 5.3.1</a>, <a href="/static/crossref/crossref4.4.2.xsd">Crossref 4.4.2</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Testing available</strong>: on a case-by-case basis and only for <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/">publisher supporters</a></li> <li><strong>Documentation</strong> <a href="/docs/xml/">DOAJ XML</a>, <a href="https://www.crossref.org/documentation/schema-library/metadata-deposit-schema-5-3-1/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Crossref 5.3.1 XML</a>, <a href="https://www.crossref.org/documentation/schema-library/resource-only-deposit-schema-4-4-2/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Crossref 4.4.2 XML</a></li> <li><strong>FAQS</strong> No</li> <li><strong>OJS plugin available?</strong> Yes. Refer to <a href="https://docs.pkp.sfu.ca/admin-guide/3.3/en/data-import-and-export#doaj-export-plugin" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">PKP documentation</a>.</li> <li><strong>OJS support</strong>: for help, refer to <a href="https://forum.pkp.sfu.ca/c/questions/5" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">the OJS Technical Forum</a></li> <li><strong>Help available?</strong> Yes<ul> <li>For creating XML, see our <a href="/docs/xml/">DOAJ XML</a> documentation</li> <li>For explanations of <a href="/publisher/help#explanations">specific error messages when uploading XML</a></li> <li>For help with Crossref XML, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#f0838580809f8284b093829f8383829596de9f8297">Crossref support</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Troubleshooting uploads</strong>: if our <a href="/publisher/help#explanations">error message definitions</a> don't help you, please <a href="https://github.com/DOAJ/doaj/issues/new/choose" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">submit a bug report</a> (via GitHub) or <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#7d1518110d19180e163d19121c1753120f1a">contact us</a> with the following details:<ul> <li>The time of the file upload. (If you saw the error more than 12 hours ago, please try the upload again before you contact us.)</li> <li>Whether the error happened once or repeatedly</li> <li>Whether you are uploading DOAJ or Crossref XML</li> <li>Whether you are uploading a file or uploading from a link</li> <li>The exact error message shown in the 'Notes' column of the <a href="/publisher/uploadfile">History of uploads section</a>, including the detail under the 'show error details' link.</li> <li>A screenshot of the error message with the 'show error details' link expanded.</li> <li>The DOAJ account ID that you are logged in with</li> <li>The file(s) you had problems with </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="enter-article-metadata-manually">Enter article metadata manually</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Speed and efficiency</strong>: low</li> <li><strong>Level</strong>: easy</li> <li><strong>Formats accepted</strong>: text, entered via <a href="/publisher/metadata">our webform</a></li> <li><strong>Maximum upload limit</strong>: N/A</li> <li><strong>Requirements</strong>:<ul> <li>Plain text only</li> <li>No email addresses</li> <li>The abstract metadata for the article: title, full-text URL, DOI (if applicable), author names, ORCiD (if applicable), affiliations, publication date, ISSN(s), Volume/Issue/Page (if applicable), abstract </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Help available?</strong> Yes. <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b9d1dcd5c9dddccad2f9ddd6d8d397d6cbde">Contact our Help Desk</a>.</li> <li><strong>Testing available</strong>: on a case-by-case basis and only for <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/">publisher supporters</a></li> <li><strong>Documentation</strong> No</li> <li><strong>Troubleshooting</strong>: you must be careful to enter the Print ISSN and Electronic ISSN in the right field.</li> </ul> <h3 id="a-note-about-updating-articles">A note about updating articles</h3> <p>Sometimes article metadata needs to be updated. We use the Full Text URL and DOI, if present, to identify and match articles. If you are updating article metadata with details about authors, affiliations, year, volume, issue, etc or adding a DOI to an article that doesn't have one in DOAJ, you will be able to send us the updated metadata, using one of the methods above, without any problem.</p> <p>However, if you need to update the Full Text URL or DOI of articles that already have that metadata present in DOAJ, you will need to contact us first. Submitting new FUll Text URLs or DOIs will cause duplicate articles to be created. Our preferenc here is that we delete the existing article records first.</p> <p>If you do need us to delete article metadata, please contact Help Desk with the following details:</p> <ul> <li>journal title</li> <li>ISSN(s)</li> <li>years to be deleted (we can only delete whole years) or if we should delete all article for a journal</li> </ul> <p>We will confirm the number of articles to delete with you. Deleting articles is instantaneous and cannot be reversed.</p> <h2 id="help-with-metadata-uploads">Help with metadata uploads</h2> <h3 id="my-authors-have-multiple-affiliations">My authors have multiple affiliations</h3> <p>We are currently unable to display more than one affiliation per author. We are investigating how we can change this. More information will be posted on our blog.</p> <h3 id="my-article-abstracts-are-in-more-than-one-language">My article abstracts are in more than one language</h3> <p>Our XML format only supports one language for 'Article Title' and 'Abstract'. We are researching a solution that allows multiple languages to be uploaded to us and displayed.</p> <p>Metadata containing multiple languages can still be uploaded to us. However, you cannot choose which language is displayed. Please only send us one language to avoid your articles being displayed in a mixture of languages.</p> <h3 id="i-am-seeing-a-403-forbidden-error">I am seeing a 403 forbidden error</h3> <p>You may see the 403 forbidden error for different reasons. These apply to both the API and uploading XML.</p> <ul> <li>ISSNs<ul> <li>You may be sending us an extra ISSN that we don’t have in your journal record.</li> <li>You may be sending only one ISSN, but we have two in the journal record.</li> <li>We may have the journal's ISSNs in an old version of your journal record.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Wrong account<ul> <li>You may be sending us an ISSN that belongs to a journal attached to a different account.</li> </ul> </li> <li>You are trying to update an article's Full Text URL (FTUs) or DOI<ul> <li>Two articles with the same FTU or DOI are not allowed.</li> <li>Please contact us if you want to update the URLs or DOIs of your articles. We need to delete the old versions first.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3 id="i-am-seeing-a-timeout-or-a-blocked-error">I am seeing a timeout or a 'blocked' error</h3> <p>If you see a timeout error, please try splitting your upload into smaller files, even if your file is under our 50MB limit. Many may be uploading content to us, and the server is taking longer than usual to collect your file.</p> <p>If you see a screen from Cloudflare that says you have been blocked, please <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6e060b021e0a0b1d052e0a010f0440011c09">contact us</a>. Include a screenshot that shows the Ray ID at the very bottom of the page. We need this to troubleshoot the problem.</p> <h2 id="downloading-your-metadata">Downloading your metadata</h2> <p>You can download our metadata about your journal by <a href="https://doaj.org/csv" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">downloading our CSV</a>.</p> <p>You can download your article metadata by <a href="https://doaj.org/docs/api/" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">using our API</a> or by using our <a href="/docs/public-data-dump/">public data dump service</a>.</p> <h2 id="using-a-spreadsheet-to-update-your-journal-metadata">Using a spreadsheet to update your journal metadata</h2> <p>If you received a spreadsheet from us, please complete it as soon as possible. The file sent to you contains a cover sheet with instructions, and more help is below. Once you have validated your file, you may email it back to us.</p> <p>Before you send us the file, you must do two things:</p> <ol> <li>Convert the spreadsheet to a CSV. To do this, you will need to first delete the instructions tab and then Save as CSV. (Save in the Unicode UTF-8 format.)</li> <li><a href="/publisher/journal-csv">Validate it</a>.</li> </ol> <p>Here are some tips on how to ensure that your CSV file will pass validation:</p> <ul> <li>make sure CSV is in UTF-8 format</li> <li>don't change an ISSN or Title of a journal. To do this, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#68000d04180c0d1b03280c07090246071a0f">Help Desk</a>.</li> <li>don't add a new journal to the file. To do this, <a href="/apply/">submit a new application</a>.</li> <li>don't change the title of a column</li> <li>don't include anything in the column other than what is asked for on the instructions tab</li> <li>ensure no spaces are accidentally added before or after the information in each cell. This can cause the validation to fail.</li> </ul> <p>Deleting a journal from the file will mean no update happens; it will not remove a journal from your account. To do this, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#adc5c8c1ddc9c8dec6edc9c2ccc783c2dfca">Help Desk</a>.</p> <h3 id="validating-your-file">Validating your file</h3> <p>Before emailing the CSV to us, you must validate it. Do this in your Publisher Dashboard on the 'Validate your CSV' tab. If you do not see the tab, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#69010c05190d0c1a02290d06080347061b0e">Help Desk</a>.</p> <p>The following warnings may be seen after validating your CSV:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Warning</th> <th>Explanation</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><em>Column name</em> has mismatching case to expected header</td> <td>During editing, the case used in the column name has been changed. This is just a warning and does not need to be corrected for us to process the CSV correctly.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>Column name</em> is not a valid column header. Please revert it to match what was sent to you in the original file.</td> <td>During editing, the column name has been changed. The name must match exactly the column name in the spreadsheet sent to you.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>Column name</em> is a required column missing from this upload. Please refer to the original file and restore the column.</td> <td>During editing, the column has been deleted. Please refer to the original spreadsheet and restore the column.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>There is no journal record in DOAJ for ISSN(s) <em>issns</em>. The record may not exist, or it may be withdrawn.</td> <td>The ISSN doesn't match a journal in DOAJ. Check it against the spreadsheet sent to you. You cannot add ISSNs to journals. If you think an ISSN is missing, contact Help Desk.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Your account <em>account ID</em> doesn't own the journal with ISSN(s) {issns}. You may not update it.</td> <td>The journal may have transferred to another owner since you received your spreadsheet or you have accidentally changed the ISSN, which matches another journal in DOAJ. Refer to the spreadsheet sent to you and correct the ISSN.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>The data you supplied didn't change anything in the journal record.</td> <td>You can ignore this message if you haven't updated anything for this journal.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>You may not change <em>question</em>. Please revert it to match what was sent to you in the spreadsheet.</td> <td>During editing, the question has been changed. The question must be exactly as it is in the spreadsheet sent to you. Please change it.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>We couldn't understand the information in <em>question</em></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>From time to time, other validation errors might be seen if one of the cells contains completely incorrect information. For example, the cell should contain a URL but it contains text. These error messages should be easy to understand but contact the Help Desk if you have questions.</p> <h2 id="version-history">Version history</h2> <p>This is Version 2 of our Metadata help page.</p> <p><em>Version 2.0 (December 2023 - added the entire 'Using a spreadsheet to update your journal metadata' section)</em><br> <s>Version 1.0 (November 2023 - created this whole page with new content)</s><br></p> </section> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <nav class="page-nav nav" data-spy="affix"> <h2 class="page-nav__heading">Jump to:</h2> <ul class="page-nav__list"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#uploading-article-metadata">Uploading article metadata</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#api">API</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#xml">XML</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#enter-article-metadata-manually">Enter article metadata manually</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#a-note-about-updating-articles">A note about updating articles</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#help-with-metadata-uploads">Help with metadata uploads</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#my-authors-have-multiple-affiliations">My authors have multiple affiliations</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#my-article-abstracts-are-in-more-than-one-language">My article abstracts are in more than one language</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#i-am-seeing-a-403-forbidden-error">I am seeing a 403 forbidden error</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#i-am-seeing-a-timeout-or-a-blocked-error">I am seeing a timeout or a 'blocked' error</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#downloading-your-metadata">Downloading your metadata</a> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#using-a-spreadsheet-to-update-your-journal-metadata">Using a spreadsheet to update your journal metadata</a> <ul class="page-nav__sublist"> <li class="page-nav__item item-h3"> <a href="#validating-your-file">Validating your file</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page-nav__item item-h2"> <a href="#version-history">Version history</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </main> </main> <div class="modal" id="modal-wechat" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modalLabel-wechat"> <div class="modal__dialog" role="document" style="width: 25vw;"> <h3 class="modal__title sr-only" id="modalLabel-wechat"> WeChat QR code </h3> <img src="/assets/img/wechat/wechat-qr.jpeg" alt="" style="width: 100%;"/> <div class="flex-center"> <button type="button" data-dismiss="modal" class="no-margins">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="page-footer"> <div class="container"> <a class="back-to-top" data-spy="affix" href="#" id="top"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="arrow-up"></span> <span class="sr-only">Back to top</span> </a> <section class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Search </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/search/journals"> Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/search/articles"> Articles </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Documentation </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/api/"> API </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/oai-pmh/"> OAI-PMH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/widgets/"> Widgets </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/public-data-dump/"> Public data dump </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/openurl/"> OpenURL </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/xml/"> XML </a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/faq/"> Metadata help </a> </li> <li> <a href="/preservation/"> Preservation </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> About </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/"> About DOAJ </a> </li> <li> <a href="/at-20/"> DOAJ at 20 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/team/"> DOAJ team </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/ambassadors/"> Ambassadors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/advisory-board-council/"> Advisory Board & Council </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/editorial-policy-advisory-group/"> Editorial Policy Advisory Group </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/volunteers/"> Volunteers </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://blog.doaj.org"> News </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Support </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/support/"> Institutions and libraries </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/publisher-supporters/"> Publishers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/support/supporters/"> Institutional and library supporters </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Apply </h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/apply/"> Application form </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/guide/"> Guide to applying </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/seal/"> The DOAJ Seal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/transparency/"> Transparency & best practice </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/publisher-responsibilities/"> Publisher information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/apply/copyright-and-licensing/"> Licensing & copyright </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-lg-2"> <h2> Stay up to date </h2> <ul> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/DOAJplus"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="twitter"></span> Twitter </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/DirectoryofOpenAccessJournals/"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="facebook"></span> Facebook </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/DOAJ"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="github"></span> Github </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/directory-of-open-access-journals-doaj-/"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="linkedin"></span> Linkedin </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-wechat" role="button"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="height: 1em;" fill="currentColor"> <path d="M21.502 19.525C23.026 18.42 24 16.787 24 14.971c0-3.326-3.237-6.023-7.229-6.023s-7.229 2.697-7.229 6.023c0 3.327 3.237 6.024 7.229 6.024.825 0 1.621-.117 2.36-.33l.212-.032c.139 0 .265.043.384.111l1.583.914.139.045a.241.241 0 00.241-.241l-.039-.176-.326-1.215-.025-.154a.48.48 0 01.202-.392zM8.675 2.297C3.884 2.297 0 5.533 0 9.526c0 2.178 1.168 4.139 2.997 5.464a.575.575 0 01.243.471l-.03.184-.391 1.458-.047.211c0 .16.13.29.289.29l.168-.054 1.899-1.097a.908.908 0 01.46-.133l.255.038c.886.255 1.842.397 2.832.397l.476-.012a5.586 5.586 0 01-.291-1.771c0-3.641 3.542-6.593 7.911-6.593l.471.012c-.653-3.453-4.24-6.094-8.567-6.094zm5.686 11.711a.964.964 0 11.001-1.927.964.964 0 01-.001 1.927zm4.82 0a.964.964 0 110-1.928.964.964 0 010 1.928zM5.783 8.369a1.156 1.156 0 110-2.312 1.156 1.156 0 010 2.312zm5.783 0a1.156 1.156 0 110-2.312 1.156 1.156 0 010 2.312z"/> </svg> WeChat </a> </li> <li> <a href="/feed"> <span aria-hidden="true" data-feather="rss"></span> Atom feed </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <section class="legal"> <h2 class="sr-only"> Legal & admin </h2> <div> <a href="/" class="logo"> <h2 class="sr-only">The Directory of Open Access Journals</h2> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 1854 400"> <title>DOAJ Logotype</title> <path fill="#982e0a" d="M275.861 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fd5a3b" d="M137.93 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0c-110.457 0-200 89.543-200 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <path fill="#fa9a87" d="M0 400c110.457 0 200-89.543 200-200V0C89.543 0 0 89.543 0 200z" class="logo__leaf"/> <g fill="currentColor"> <path d="M576 7.692v384.616h131.868c103.297 0 158.242-51.099 158.242-156.044v-72.528c0-104.945-54.945-156.044-158.242-156.044zm72.527 65.934h60.44c62.088 0 84.615 31.869 84.615 87.912v76.924c0 56.044-22.527 87.912-84.615 87.912h-60.44zM910.182 159.341v81.318c0 101.099 59.89 159.341 158.238 159.341 98.36 0 158.25-58.242 158.25-159.341v-81.318C1226.67 60.989 1166.78 0 1068.42 0c-98.348 0-158.238 60.989-158.238 159.341zm72.527-3.297c0-52.198 30.221-91.209 85.711-91.209 53.85 0 85.72 36.813 85.72 91.209v87.912c0 53.297-25.83 91.209-85.72 91.209-58.24 0-85.711-35.714-85.711-91.209zM1353.64 7.692l-106.59 384.616h74.72l23.08-85.715h134.06l23.08 85.715h74.73L1470.12 7.692zm8.24 232.967 46.7-172.527h6.6l46.7 172.527zM1853.37 7.692h-72.52v269.231c0 36.264-18.69 57.143-51.1 57.143-34.62 0-54.4-21.429-54.4-57.143v-36.264h-72.53v36.264c0 77.473 50 123.077 129.12 123.077 75.28 0 121.43-43.407 121.43-123.077z"/> </g> </svg> <span class="logo__tagline"> Open <br/>Global <br/>Trusted </span> </a> <p> © DOAJ 2024 default by all rights reserved <a href="/terms/" style="text-decoration: underline;">unless otherwise specified</a>. </p> <ul> <li> <a href="/accessibility/"> Accessibility </a> </li> <li> <a href="/privacy/"> Privacy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact/"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="/terms/"> T&Cs </a> </li> <li> <a href="/media/"> Media </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://is4oa.org/"> IS4OA </a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://cottagelabs.com"> Cottage Labs </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="page-footer__licensing"> <p> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="See license summary"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.785" cy="28.501" r="28.836"/> <path d="M37.441-3.5c8.951,0,16.572,3.125,22.857,9.372c3.008,3.009,5.295,6.448,6.857,10.314 c1.561,3.867,2.344,7.971,2.344,12.314c0,4.381-0.773,8.486-2.314,12.313c-1.543,3.828-3.82,7.21-6.828,10.143 c-3.123,3.085-6.666,5.448-10.629,7.086c-3.961,1.638-8.057,2.457-12.285,2.457s-8.276-0.808-12.143-2.429 c-3.866-1.618-7.333-3.961-10.4-7.027c-3.067-3.066-5.4-6.524-7-10.372S5.5,32.767,5.5,28.5c0-4.229,0.809-8.295,2.428-12.2 c1.619-3.905,3.972-7.4,7.057-10.486C21.08-0.394,28.565-3.5,37.441-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.314,0-13.467,2.553-18.458,7.657 c-2.515,2.553-4.448,5.419-5.8,8.6c-1.354,3.181-2.029,6.505-2.029,9.972c0,3.429,0.675,6.734,2.029,9.913 c1.353,3.183,3.285,6.021,5.8,8.516c2.514,2.496,5.351,4.399,8.515,5.715c3.161,1.314,6.476,1.971,9.943,1.971 c3.428,0,6.75-0.665,9.973-1.999c3.219-1.335,6.121-3.257,8.713-5.771c4.99-4.876,7.484-10.99,7.484-18.344 c0-3.543-0.648-6.895-1.943-10.057c-1.293-3.162-3.18-5.98-5.654-8.458C50.984,4.844,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M37.156,23.187 l-4.287,2.229c-0.458-0.951-1.019-1.619-1.685-2c-0.667-0.38-1.286-0.571-1.858-0.571c-2.856,0-4.286,1.885-4.286,5.657 c0,1.714,0.362,3.084,1.085,4.113c0.724,1.029,1.791,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.867,0,3.181-0.915,3.944-2.743l3.942,2 c-0.838,1.563-2,2.791-3.486,3.686c-1.484,0.896-3.123,1.343-4.914,1.343c-2.857,0-5.163-0.875-6.915-2.629 c-1.752-1.752-2.628-4.19-2.628-7.313c0-3.048,0.886-5.466,2.657-7.257c1.771-1.79,4.009-2.686,6.715-2.686 C32.604,18.558,35.441,20.101,37.156,23.187z M55.613,23.187l-4.229,2.229c-0.457-0.951-1.02-1.619-1.686-2 c-0.668-0.38-1.307-0.571-1.914-0.571c-2.857,0-4.287,1.885-4.287,5.657c0,1.714,0.363,3.084,1.086,4.113 c0.723,1.029,1.789,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.865,0,3.18-0.915,3.941-2.743l4,2c-0.875,1.563-2.057,2.791-3.541,3.686 c-1.486,0.896-3.105,1.343-4.857,1.343c-2.896,0-5.209-0.875-6.941-2.629c-1.736-1.752-2.602-4.19-2.602-7.313 c0-3.048,0.885-5.466,2.658-7.257c1.77-1.79,4.008-2.686,6.713-2.686C51.117,18.558,53.938,20.101,55.613,23.187z"/> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.637" cy="28.806" r="28.276"/> <g> <path d="M37.443-3.5c8.988,0,16.57,3.085,22.742,9.257C66.393,11.967,69.5,19.548,69.5,28.5c0,8.991-3.049,16.476-9.145,22.456 C53.879,57.319,46.242,60.5,37.443,60.5c-8.649,0-16.153-3.144-22.514-9.43C8.644,44.784,5.5,37.262,5.5,28.5 c0-8.761,3.144-16.342,9.429-22.742C21.101-0.415,28.604-3.5,37.443-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.276,0-13.428,2.553-18.457,7.657 c-5.22,5.334-7.829,11.525-7.829,18.572c0,7.086,2.59,13.22,7.77,18.398c5.181,5.182,11.352,7.771,18.514,7.771 c7.123,0,13.334-2.607,18.629-7.828c5.029-4.838,7.543-10.952,7.543-18.343c0-7.276-2.553-13.465-7.656-18.571 C50.967,4.824,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M46.129,20.557v13.085h-3.656v15.542h-9.944V33.643h-3.656V20.557 c0-0.572,0.2-1.057,0.599-1.457c0.401-0.399,0.887-0.6,1.457-0.6h13.144c0.533,0,1.01,0.2,1.428,0.6 C45.918,19.5,46.129,19.986,46.129,20.557z M33.042,12.329c0-3.008,1.485-4.514,4.458-4.514s4.457,1.504,4.457,4.514 c0,2.971-1.486,4.457-4.457,4.457S33.042,15.3,33.042,12.329z"/> </g> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="36.944" cy="28.631" r="29.105"/> <g> <path d="M37.443-3.5c8.951,0,16.531,3.105,22.742,9.315C66.393,11.987,69.5,19.548,69.5,28.5c0,8.954-3.049,16.457-9.145,22.514 C53.918,57.338,46.279,60.5,37.443,60.5c-8.649,0-16.153-3.143-22.514-9.429C8.644,44.786,5.5,37.264,5.5,28.501 c0-8.723,3.144-16.285,9.429-22.685C21.138-0.395,28.643-3.5,37.443-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.276,0-13.428,2.572-18.457,7.715 c-5.22,5.296-7.829,11.467-7.829,18.513c0,7.125,2.59,13.257,7.77,18.4c5.181,5.182,11.352,7.771,18.514,7.771 c7.123,0,13.334-2.609,18.629-7.828c5.029-4.876,7.543-10.99,7.543-18.343c0-7.313-2.553-13.485-7.656-18.513 C51.004,4.842,44.832,2.272,37.557,2.272z M23.271,23.985c0.609-3.924,2.189-6.962,4.742-9.114 c2.552-2.152,5.656-3.228,9.314-3.228c5.027,0,9.029,1.62,12,4.856c2.971,3.238,4.457,7.391,4.457,12.457 c0,4.915-1.543,9-4.627,12.256c-3.088,3.256-7.086,4.886-12.002,4.886c-3.619,0-6.743-1.085-9.371-3.257 c-2.629-2.172-4.209-5.257-4.743-9.257H31.1c0.19,3.886,2.533,5.829,7.029,5.829c2.246,0,4.057-0.972,5.428-2.914 c1.373-1.942,2.059-4.534,2.059-7.771c0-3.391-0.629-5.971-1.885-7.743c-1.258-1.771-3.066-2.657-5.43-2.657 c-4.268,0-6.667,1.885-7.2,5.656h2.343l-6.342,6.343l-6.343-6.343L23.271,23.985L23.271,23.985z"/> </g> </g> </svg> </a> <br> <strong>Content</strong> on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license</a>. </p> <p> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="See license summary"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" id="Layer_1" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="5.5 -3.5 64 64" enable-background="new 5.5 -3.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <g> <circle fill="#FFFFFF" cx="37.785" cy="28.501" r="28.836"/> <path d="M37.441-3.5c8.951,0,16.572,3.125,22.857,9.372c3.008,3.009,5.295,6.448,6.857,10.314 c1.561,3.867,2.344,7.971,2.344,12.314c0,4.381-0.773,8.486-2.314,12.313c-1.543,3.828-3.82,7.21-6.828,10.143 c-3.123,3.085-6.666,5.448-10.629,7.086c-3.961,1.638-8.057,2.457-12.285,2.457s-8.276-0.808-12.143-2.429 c-3.866-1.618-7.333-3.961-10.4-7.027c-3.067-3.066-5.4-6.524-7-10.372S5.5,32.767,5.5,28.5c0-4.229,0.809-8.295,2.428-12.2 c1.619-3.905,3.972-7.4,7.057-10.486C21.08-0.394,28.565-3.5,37.441-3.5z M37.557,2.272c-7.314,0-13.467,2.553-18.458,7.657 c-2.515,2.553-4.448,5.419-5.8,8.6c-1.354,3.181-2.029,6.505-2.029,9.972c0,3.429,0.675,6.734,2.029,9.913 c1.353,3.183,3.285,6.021,5.8,8.516c2.514,2.496,5.351,4.399,8.515,5.715c3.161,1.314,6.476,1.971,9.943,1.971 c3.428,0,6.75-0.665,9.973-1.999c3.219-1.335,6.121-3.257,8.713-5.771c4.99-4.876,7.484-10.99,7.484-18.344 c0-3.543-0.648-6.895-1.943-10.057c-1.293-3.162-3.18-5.98-5.654-8.458C50.984,4.844,44.795,2.272,37.557,2.272z M37.156,23.187 l-4.287,2.229c-0.458-0.951-1.019-1.619-1.685-2c-0.667-0.38-1.286-0.571-1.858-0.571c-2.856,0-4.286,1.885-4.286,5.657 c0,1.714,0.362,3.084,1.085,4.113c0.724,1.029,1.791,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.867,0,3.181-0.915,3.944-2.743l3.942,2 c-0.838,1.563-2,2.791-3.486,3.686c-1.484,0.896-3.123,1.343-4.914,1.343c-2.857,0-5.163-0.875-6.915-2.629 c-1.752-1.752-2.628-4.19-2.628-7.313c0-3.048,0.886-5.466,2.657-7.257c1.771-1.79,4.009-2.686,6.715-2.686 C32.604,18.558,35.441,20.101,37.156,23.187z M55.613,23.187l-4.229,2.229c-0.457-0.951-1.02-1.619-1.686-2 c-0.668-0.38-1.307-0.571-1.914-0.571c-2.857,0-4.287,1.885-4.287,5.657c0,1.714,0.363,3.084,1.086,4.113 c0.723,1.029,1.789,1.544,3.201,1.544c1.865,0,3.18-0.915,3.941-2.743l4,2c-0.875,1.563-2.057,2.791-3.541,3.686 c-1.486,0.896-3.105,1.343-4.857,1.343c-2.896,0-5.209-0.875-6.941-2.629c-1.736-1.752-2.602-4.19-2.602-7.313 c0-3.048,0.885-5.466,2.658-7.257c1.77-1.79,4.008-2.686,6.713-2.686C51.117,18.558,53.938,20.101,55.613,23.187z"/> </g> </svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.0" x="0px" y="0px" width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="-0.5 0.5 64 64" enable-background="new -0.5 0.5 64 64" xml:space="preserve" class="cc-icon"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.479 9.3C15.574 3.09 23.056 0 31.933 0C40.885 0 48.525 3.119 54.813 9.367C57.822 12.377 60.108 15.812 61.67 19.697C63.23 23.546 64 27.657 64 32C64 36.383 63.23 40.5 61.669 44.347C60.146 48.156 57.868 51.52 54.857 54.453C51.732 57.54 48.198 59.895 44.236 61.534C40.273 63.173 36.162 63.999 31.933 63.999C27.703 63.999 23.65 63.203 19.764 61.601C15.915 59.963 12.451 57.613 9.366 54.564C6.318 51.48 3.997 48.018 2.397 44.168C0.797 40.32 0 36.268 0 32C0 27.771 0.797 23.719 2.397 19.832C4.036 15.907 6.392 12.387 9.479 9.3ZM50.621 13.468C45.479 8.325 39.305 5.759 32.067 5.759C24.752 5.759 18.592 8.318 13.602 13.421C11.088 15.975 9.147 18.849 7.776 22.049C6.443 25.211 5.759 28.531 5.759 31.998C5.759 35.427 6.443 38.726 7.776 41.925C9.147 45.088 11.087 47.927 13.602 50.441C16.117 52.919 18.955 54.823 22.118 56.157C25.279 57.452 28.599 58.105 32.067 58.105C35.496 58.105 38.794 57.445 41.994 56.111C45.232 54.777 48.142 52.846 50.734 50.33C55.724 45.454 58.24 39.354 58.24 32C58.24 28.457 57.587 25.101 56.291 21.939C54.996 18.778 53.098 15.945 50.621 13.468ZM18.778 32C18.778 23.549 21.435 13.58 32 13.58C42.564 13.58 45.221 23.549 45.221 32C45.221 40.452 42.564 50.42 32 50.42C21.434 50.42 18.778 40.452 18.778 32ZM33.188 20.683C32.82 20.592 32.429 20.526 32 20.526C26.566 20.526 26.308 28.277 26.308 31.999C26.308 33.196 26.339 34.8 26.555 36.436L33.591 23.506C34.321 22.244 33.949 21.339 33.188 20.683ZM37.692 32C37.692 30.543 37.639 28.471 37.266 26.487L29.402 40.069C28.304 41.716 29.066 42.647 30.276 43.162C30.382 43.204 30.5 43.24 30.612 43.272C30.68 43.296 30.744 43.318 30.814 43.339C31.18 43.43 31.574 43.475 32.002 43.475C37.434 43.475 37.692 35.723 37.692 32Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> <br> Copyrights and related rights for <strong>article metadata</strong> waived via <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" style="text-decoration: underline;">CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication</a>. </p> <p style="line-height: 1.05;"> <small> Photos used throughout the site by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@davidjorre" target="_blank" rel="noopener">David Jorre</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@jipy32" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jean-Philippe Delberghe</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@jjying" target="_blank" rel="noopener">JJ Ying</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@lucabravo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Luca Bravo</a>, <a href="https://unsplash.com/@brandi1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brandi Redd</a>, & <a href="https://unsplash.com/@christianperner" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Christian Perner</a> from <a href="https://unsplash.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unsplash</a>. </small> </p> </div> </section> </div> </footer> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/feather-4.28.0/feather.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/jquery-3.4.1/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/vendors/jquery.hoverIntent.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/bootstrap.doaj.js"></script> <script defer data-domain="doaj.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.outbound-links.file-downloads.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/tablesorter-2.3.10/js/jquery.tablesorter.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/autocomplete.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/formutils.js?v=7.0.3"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/vendor/select2-3.5.4/select2.min.js?v=7.0.3"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var current_domain = document.location.host;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var current_scheme = window.location.protocol;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var es_domain = current_domain;</script> <script type="text/javascript">var es_scheme = current_scheme;</script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/doaj.js?v=7.0.3"></script> <script> jQuery (document).ready (function($) { doaj.init(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function() { $(".cookie-consent #cookie-consent-hide").on("click", setCookieConsent); $(".site-note-dismiss").on("click", dissmissSiteNote); }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Metadata help – DOAJ