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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): 3-Chloropropanoic acid">3-Chloropropanoic acid</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:3-chloropropionic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3-chloropropionic_acid.svg/220px-3-chloropropionic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3-chloropropionic_acid.svg/330px-3-chloropropionic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/3-chloropropionic_acid.svg/440px-3-chloropropionic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="277" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature_of_chemistry" title="IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry">IUPAC name</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="font-size: 97%;">3-chloropropionic acid</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=107-94-8">107-94-8</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem#CID" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7899">7899</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.7611.html">7611</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/R5J180FN9Z">R5J180FN9Z</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5021546">DTXSID5021546</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223070#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.214">100.003.214</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223070#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>3</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>5</sub><span title="Chlorine">Cl</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002108520000000000♠"></span>108.52</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C%28CCl%29C%28%3DO%29O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">42 °C (108 °F)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">204 °C (399 °F) (decomp.)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">C(CCl)C(=O)O</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C3H5ClO2/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key:QEYMMOKECZBKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=450348134&page2=3-Chloropropanoic+acid">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>3-Chloropropanoic acid</b> (also known as <b>3-chloropropionic acid</b> or <b>UMB66</b>) is the organic compound with the formula ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H. A white or colorless solid, it is used as a drug and a synthetic intermediate. The compound is produced by the hydrochlorination of <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_acid" title="Acrylic acid">acrylic acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In aqueous solution, it has a <a href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">pK<sub>a</sub></a> value of 4.08.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This compound is used in scientific research. It is structurally related to <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a> and binds to the <a href="/wiki/GHB_receptor" title="GHB receptor">GHB receptor</a>, but has no affinity for <a href="/wiki/GABA" title="GABA">GABA</a> receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also an active ingredient in some <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicide</a> blends.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overdose may cause unconsciousness and/or <a href="/wiki/Convulsion" title="Convulsion">convulsions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been demonstrated that the substance can be broken down by both bacteria and fungi as a means of bioremediation.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Chloropropanoic_acid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSamelKohlerGamerKeuser2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Samel U, Kohler W, Gamer AO, Keuser U (2005). "Propionic Acid and Derivatives". <i><a href="/wiki/Ullmann%27s_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry" title="Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry">Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</a></i>. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a22_223">10.1002/14356007.a22_223</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3527306732" title="Special:BookSources/978-3527306732"><bdi>978-3527306732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Propionic+Acid+and+Derivatives&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a22_223&rft.isbn=978-3527306732&rft.aulast=Samel&rft.aufirst=U&rft.au=Kohler%2C+W&rft.au=Gamer%2C+AO&rft.au=Keuser%2C+U&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3-Chloropropanoic+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixonJurs1993" class="citation journal cs1">Dixon SL, Jurs PC (December 1993). 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"3-chloropropanoic acid (UMB66): a ligand for the gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor lacking a 4-hydroxyl group". <i>Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry</i>. <b>12</b> (7): 1643–1647. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bmc.2004.01.025">10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.025</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15028257">15028257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioorganic+%26+Medicinal+Chemistry&rft.atitle=3-chloropropanoic+acid+%28UMB66%29%3A+a+ligand+for+the+gamma-hydroxybutyric+acid+receptor+lacking+a+4-hydroxyl+group&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1643-1647&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bmc.2004.01.025&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15028257&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=AT&rft.au=Hernandez%2C+RJ&rft.au=Mehta%2C+AK&rft.au=MacKerell%2C+AD&rft.au=Ticku%2C+MK&rft.au=Coop%2C+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3-Chloropropanoic+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNgRoswaniraRonaldFahrul2005" class="citation journal cs1">Ng HJ, Roswanira A, Ronald AC, Fahrul H (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055537/http://eprints.utm.my/1748/2/FZH.pdf">"Degradation Of Herbicide (3-Chloropropionic Acid) By Bacterial Dehalogenases"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Proc. KUSTEM 4th Annual Seminar 2005</i>: 586–590. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.utm.my/1748/2/FZH.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+KUSTEM+4th+Annual+Seminar+2005&rft.atitle=Degradation+Of+Herbicide+%283-Chloropropionic+Acid%29+By+Bacterial+Dehalogenases&rft.pages=586-590&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Ng&rft.aufirst=HJ&rft.au=Roswanira%2C+A&rft.au=Ronald%2C+AC&rft.au=Fahrul%2C+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.utm.my%2F1748%2F2%2FFZH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3-Chloropropanoic+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/10304">"Chemical Data Sheet for 3-CHLOROPROPIONIC ACID"</a>. NOAA.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemical+Data+Sheet+for+3-CHLOROPROPIONIC+ACID&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcameochemicals.noaa.gov%2Fchemical%2F10304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3-Chloropropanoic+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdbeib2020" class="citation journal cs1">Edbeib M (2020-04-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijlsb/issue/52888/677005">"3-Chloropropionic Acid (3cp) Degradation and Production of Propionic Acid by Newly Isolated Fungus Trichoderma Sp. Mf1"</a>. <i>International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 41–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.38001%2Fijlsb.677005">10.38001/ijlsb.677005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2651-4621">2651-4621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Life+Sciences+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=3-Chloropropionic+Acid+%283cp%29+Degradation+and+Production+of+Propionic+Acid+by+Newly+Isolated+Fungus+Trichoderma+Sp.+Mf1&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=41-50&rft.date=2020-04-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.38001%2Fijlsb.677005&rft.issn=2651-4621&rft.aulast=Edbeib&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fpub%2Fijlsb%2Fissue%2F52888%2F677005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A3-Chloropropanoic+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:GHB_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GHB receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GHB_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:GHB receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GHB_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GHB receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GHB_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GHB_receptor" title="GHB receptor"><abbr title="γ-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</abbr> receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/GHB_receptor" title="GHB receptor"><abbr title="GHB receptor">GHBR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip GHB receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Agonists:</b> <i>Main site:</i> <a href="/wiki/1,4-Butanediol" title="1,4-Butanediol">1,4-BD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Hydroxyphenylacetic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (page does not exist)">3-HPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceburic_acid" title="Aceburic acid">Aceburic acid (GHB acetate)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,4-Butanediol_diacetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,4-Butanediol diacetate (page does not exist)">BDDA (DABD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl-4-acetoxybutanoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethyl-4-acetoxybutanoate">EAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Butyrolactone" title="Γ-Butyrolactone">GBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Crotonolactone" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Crotonolactone">GCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Hydroxybutyric_acid" title="Γ-Hydroxybutyric acid">GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Hydroxybutaldehyde" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Hydroxybutaldehyde">GHBAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Hydroxyvaleric_acid" title="Γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid">GHV (4-methyl-GHB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Valerolactone" title="Γ-Valerolactone">GVL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HOCHCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HOCHCA (page does not exist)">HOCHCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOCPCA" title="HOCPCA">HOCPCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl-4-acetoxybutanoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyl-4-acetoxybutanoate (page does not exist)">MAB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCS-356&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCS-356 (page does not exist)">NCS-356</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCS-435&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCS-435 (page does not exist)">NCS-435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxybate" title="Sodium oxybate">Sodium oxybate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-HCA" title="T-HCA">T-HCA (GHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrofuran" title="Tetrahydrofuran">THF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB58 (page does not exist)">UMB58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB66" class="mw-redirect" title="UMB66">UMB66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMB68" class="mw-redirect" title="UMB68">UMB68</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB72&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB72 (page does not exist)">UMB72</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB73&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB73 (page does not exist)">UMB73</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB86 (page does not exist)">UMB86</a>; <i>Positive allosteric modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">(+)-Catechin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastrol" title="Monastrol">Monastrol</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Antagonists:</b> <i>Main site:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gabazine" title="Gabazine">Gabazine (SR-95531)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NCS-382" title="NCS-382">NCS-382</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Unknown/unsorted:</b> <i>Main site:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Hydroxyphenylacetic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (page does not exist)">2-HPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methyl-GHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methyl-GHB (page does not exist)">3-Methyl-GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Methyl-THCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Methyl-THCA (page does not exist)">3-Methyl-THCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Benzyl-GHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Benzyl-GHB (page does not exist)">4-Benzyl-GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (page does not exist)">4-HPBA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Methyl-THCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Methyl-THCA (page does not exist)">4-Methyl-THCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Phenyl-GHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Phenyl-GHB (page does not exist)">4-Phenyl-GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4-Phenyl-THCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4-Phenyl-THCA (page does not exist)">4-Phenyl-THCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amisulpride" title="Amisulpride">Amisulpride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azido-BnOPh-GHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azido-BnOPh-GHB (page does not exist)">azido-BnOPh-GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BnOPh-GHB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BnOPh-GHB (page does not exist)">BnOPh-GHB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%94-Hydroxyvaleric_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Δ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (page does not exist)">DHV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-Valerolactone" title="Δ-Valerolactone">DVL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%93-Thiobutyrolactone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Γ-Thiobutyrolactone (page does not exist)">GTBL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levosulpiride" title="Levosulpiride">Levosulpiride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NCS-400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NCS-400 (page does not exist)">NCS-400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochlorperazine" title="Prochlorperazine">Prochlorperazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulpiride" title="Sulpiride">Sulpiride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultopride" title="Sultopride">Sultopride</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB108&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB108 (page does not exist)">UMB108</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB109&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB109 (page does not exist)">UMB109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UMB119&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UMB119 (page does not exist)">UMB119</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%93-Aminobutyric_acid_B_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor"><abbr title="γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor">GABA<sub>B</sub></abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GABA receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitter_transporter" title="Neurotransmitter transporter">Transporter</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Reuptake_inhibitor" title="Reuptake inhibitor">blockers</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocarboxylate transporters"><abbr title="Monocarboxylate transporters">MCTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Monocarboxylate transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Ketoisocaproate" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-Ketoisocaproate">α-Ketoisocaproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetoacetic_acid" title="Acetoacetic acid">Acetoacetic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AR-C155858&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AR-C155858 (page does not exist)">AR-C155858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorvastatin" title="Atorvastatin">Atorvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">Benzoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Hydroxybutyric_acid" title="Β-Hydroxybutyric acid">BHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyric_acid" title="Butyric acid">Butyric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic_acid" title="Α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid">CHCA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4,40-dibenzamidostilbene-2,20-disulphonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4,40-dibenzamidostilbene-2,20-disulphonate (page does not exist)">DBDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIDS" title="DIDS">DIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexanoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexanoic acid">Hexanoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">Lactic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luteolin" title="Luteolin">Luteolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5-Nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (page does not exist)">NPPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylpyruvic_acid" title="Phenylpyruvic acid">Phenylpyruvic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phloretin" title="Phloretin">Phloretin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid">Probenecid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyruvic_acid" title="Pyruvic acid">Pyruvic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simvastatin" title="Simvastatin">Simvastatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_valproate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium valproate">Sodium valproate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium-coupled_monocarboxylate_transporters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters"><abbr title="Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters">SMCTs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzoic_acid" title="Benzoic acid">Benzoic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Hydroxybutyric_acid" title="Β-Hydroxybutyric acid">BHB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyric_acid" title="Butyric acid">Butyric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenoprofen" title="Fenoprofen">Fenoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibuprofen" title="Ibuprofen">Ibuprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketoprofen" title="Ketoprofen">Ketoprofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesalazine" title="Mesalazine">Mesalazine (5-ASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naproxen" title="Naproxen">Naproxen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (substance)">Nicotinic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid">Probenecid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propionic_acid" title="Propionic acid">Propionic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyruvic_acid" title="Pyruvic acid">Pyruvic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicyclic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Salicyclic acid">Salicyclic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_inhibitory_amino_acid_transporter" title="Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter"><abbr title="Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter">VIATT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Alanine" title="Β-Alanine">β-Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bafilomycin_A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Bafilomycin A1">Bafilomycin A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butyric_acid" title="Butyric acid">Butyric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_blue_(dye)" title="Evans blue (dye)">Evans blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABA" title="GABA">GABA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigericin" title="Nigericin">Nigericin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipecotic_acid" title="Nipecotic acid">Nipecotic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valinomycin" title="Valinomycin">Valinomycin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigabatrin" title="Vigabatrin">Vigabatrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Succinic_semialdehyde_reductase" class="mw-redirect" title="Succinic semialdehyde reductase"><abbr title="Succinic semialdehyde reductase">SSR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Succinic semialdehyde reductase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxybutyrate_dehydrogenase" title="4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase"><abbr title="4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase">GHBDH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip 4-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Ketoisocaproic_acid" title="Α-Ketoisocaproic acid">α-Ketoisocaproic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethosuximide" title="Ethosuximide">Ethosuximide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylacetate" title="Phenylacetate">Phenylacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salicylic_acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valproic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Valproic acid">Valproic acid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Enhancers:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glucuronic_acid" title="Glucuronic acid"><small>D</small>-Glucuronic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyacid-oxoacid_transhydrogenase" title="Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase"><abbr title="Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase">HOT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">Cyanide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenanthroline" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenanthroline">Phenanthroline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase" title="Alcohol dehydrogenase"><abbr title="Alcohol dehydrogenase">ADH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Alcohol dehydrogenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fomepizole" title="Fomepizole">Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrazole" title="Pyrazole">Pyrazole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase" title="Aldehyde dehydrogenase"><abbr title="Aldehyde dehydrogenase">ALDH</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Aldehyde dehydrogenase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde" title="Acetaldehyde">Acetaldehyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Cimetidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prunetin" title="Prunetin">Prunetin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:GABA_receptor_modulators" title="Template:GABA receptor modulators">GABA receptor modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Glutamate_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glutamate receptor modulators">Glutamate receptor modulators</a></i></dd> <dd><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Glycine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Glycine receptor modulators">Glycine receptor modulators</a></i></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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