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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biblical narratives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biblical_narratives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biblical narratives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biblical_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Calling_by_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calling_by_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Calling by Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calling_by_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lists_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_in_the_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lists_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_in_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lists_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_in_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inner_circle_among_the_Twelve_Apostles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inner_circle_among_the_Twelve_Apostles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Inner circle among the Twelve Apostles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inner_circle_among_the_Twelve_Apostles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_of_Judas_Iscariot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_of_Judas_Iscariot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Replacement of Judas Iscariot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_of_Judas_Iscariot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_apostles_mentioned_in_the_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_apostles_mentioned_in_the_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other apostles mentioned in the New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_apostles_mentioned_in_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_seventy_disciples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_seventy_disciples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>The seventy disciples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_seventy_disciples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paul,_Apostle_of_the_Gentiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paul,_Apostle_of_the_Gentiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Paul, Apostle of the Gentiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paul,_Apostle_of_the_Gentiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relics_and_burial_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relics_and_burial_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Relics and burial sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relics_and_burial_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apostles in the New Testament</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="تلاميذ المسيح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تلاميذ المسيح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stol" title="Apóstol – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Apóstol" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%A3%DC%AA_%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%9D%DC%9A%DC%90" title="ܬܪܥܣܪ ܫܠܝܚܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܪܥܣܪ ܫܠܝܚܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stol" title="Apóstol – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Apóstol" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C9%99varil%C9%99r" title="Həvarilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Həvarilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3" title="প্রেরিতগণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রেরিতগণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B9-t%C3%B4%CD%98" title="Sù-tô͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sù-tô͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Апосталы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апосталы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Апостол – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апостол" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abostol" title="Abostol – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Abostol" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B2stol" title="Apòstol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apòstol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Апостолсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Апостолсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo%C5%A1tolov%C3%A9_v_Nov%C3%A9m_z%C3%A1kon%C4%9B" title="Apoštolové v Novém zákoně – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apoštolové v Novém zákoně" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostulu" title="Apostulu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Apostulu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stoles_en_el_Nuevo_Testamento" title="Apóstoles en el Nuevo Testamento – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apóstoles en el Nuevo Testamento" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolo" title="Apostolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apostolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolu" title="Apostolu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apostolu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="حواریون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حواریون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B4tre" title="Apôtre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apôtre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apuestul" title="Apuestul – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Apuestul" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stolo" title="Apóstolo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apóstolo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%8F%84" title="사도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Առաքյալներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Առաքյալներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_rasul" title="Para rasul – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Para rasul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolo" title="Apostolo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Apostolo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postuli" title="Postuli – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Postuli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolo" title="Apostolo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apostolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მოციქულები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოციქულები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Апостол – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Апостол" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B2t" title="Apòt – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Apòt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Апостолдор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Апостолдор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apustulis" title="Apustulis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apustulis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apa%C5%A1talai" title="Apaštalai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apaštalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C9%94%CC%81st%C9%94l%C9%94" title="Apɔ́stɔlɔ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Apɔ́stɔlɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoles" title="Apostoles – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Apostoles" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Апостоли – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апостоли" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD" title="تلاميذ المسيح – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تلاميذ المسيح" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para_Rasul_(Kristian)" title="Para Rasul (Kristian) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Para Rasul (Kristian)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3-d%C3%B9" title="Sé̤ṳ-dù – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sé̤ṳ-dù" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92" title="使徒 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="使徒" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel" title="Apostel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Apostel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B4te" title="Apôte – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Apôte" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B2stol" title="Apòstol – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Apòstol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostollar" title="Apostollar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Apostollar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਾਰਾਂ ਰਸੂਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਰਾਂ ਰਸੂਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B1%D9%8F%D8%B3%D9%8F%D9%84" title="بارہ رُسُل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بارہ رُسُل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposto%C3%A9le" title="Apostoéle – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Apostoéle" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostel_(Jesus_Christus)" title="Apostel (Jesus Christus) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Apostel (Jesus Christus)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposto%C5%82" title="Apostoł – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apostoł" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B3stolo" title="Apóstolo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apóstolo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Апостолы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Апостолы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostujt" title="Apostujt – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Apostujt" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="අපෝස්තුළුවරයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අපෝස්තුළුවරයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="حواري – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="حواري" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apo%C5%A1tol" title="Apoštol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apoštol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Апостоли – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апостоли" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoli" title="Apostoli – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apostoli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostoli" title="Apostoli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apostoli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="திருத்தூதர் (கிறித்தவம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருத்தூதர் (கிறித்தவம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95" title="อัครทูต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัครทูต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Апостолҳо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Апостолҳо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havari" title="Havari – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Havari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Апостол – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апостол" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_(%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="رسول (مسیحیت) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رسول (مسیحیت)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%B2sto%C5%82o" title="Apòstoło – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Apòstoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_hai_s%E1%BB%A9_%C4%91%E1%BB%93" title="Mười hai sứ đồ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mười hai sứ đồ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostol" title="Apostol – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Apostol" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92%EF%BC%88%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%EF%BC%89" title="使徒（基督教） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="使徒（基督教）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92" title="使徒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="使徒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E5%BE%92_(%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99)" title="使徒 (基督教) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="使徒 (基督教)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bala_Rasul" title="Bala Rasul – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bala Rasul" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43412#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Primary disciples of Jesus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciple (Christianity)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Twelve Apostles" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Twelve Apostles (disambiguation)">Twelve Apostles (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For apostles in general, see <a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">Apostle</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Apostle (disambiguation)">Apostle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg/300px-The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg/450px-The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg/600px-The_Last_Supper_-_Leonardo_Da_Vinci_-_High_Resolution_32x16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9600" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Supper_(Leonardo)" title="The Last Supper (Leonardo)"><i>The Last Supper</i></a>, a late 1490s mural painting by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, is a depiction of the last supper of Jesus and his Twelve Apostles on the eve of his crucifixion. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie,_Milan" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan">Santa Maria delle Grazie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rom,_Domitilla-Katakomben,_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg/300px-Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg/450px-Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg/600px-Rom%2C_Domitilla-Katakomben%2C_Fresko_%22Christus_und_die_12_Apostel%22_und_Christussymbol_%22Chi_Rho%22_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2421" data-file-height="1751" /></a><figcaption>Jesus and his Twelve Apostles, <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Chi_Rho" title="Chi Rho">Chi-Rho symbol <big>☧</big></a>, <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Domitilla" title="Catacombs of Domitilla">Catacombs of Domitilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">ecclesiology</a>, the <b>apostles</b>, particularly the <b>Twelve Apostles</b> (also known as the <b>Twelve Disciples</b> or simply <b>the Twelve</b>), were the primary <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">life</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry of Jesus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century AD</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Apostle" title="Apostle">apostles</a> were his closest followers and became the primary teachers of <a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">the gospel</a> message of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christian</a> tradition derived from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> that there were <a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">seventy apostles</a> during the time of Jesus' ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</a> during the ministry of Jesus is described in the <a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a>. After his <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, Jesus sent eleven of them (as <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> by then had <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot#Death" title="Judas Iscariot">died</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a> to spread his teachings to all nations. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>, although not one of the original twelve, described himself as an apostle,<sup id="cite_ref-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saying he was called by the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus#Biblical_accounts" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrected Jesus</a> himself during his <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">road to Damascus</a> event. He later describes himself as "an apostle to the <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">Gentiles</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The period and associated events in timeline of early Christianity during the lifetimes of the twelve apostles is called the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Age">Apostolic Age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apostle#Terminology" title="Apostle">Apostle § Terminology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_(early_14th_c.,_Pushkin_museum).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg/220px-Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg/330px-Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg/440px-Synaxis_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_by_Constantinople_master_%28early_14th_c.%2C_Pushkin_museum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Synaxis" title="Synaxis">Synaxis</a> of the Twelve Apostles. Russian, 14th century, Moscow Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>apostle</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> <i>apóstolos</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀπόστολος">ἀπόστολος</a></span></span>) – formed from the prefix <i>apó-</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%80%CF%8C-" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀπό-">ἀπό-</a></span></span>, 'from') and root <i>stéllō</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:στέλλω">στέλλω</a></span></span>, 'I send, I depart') – originally meaning 'messenger, envoy'. It has, however, a stronger sense than the word <i>messenger</i>, and is closer to a 'delegate'.<sup id="cite_ref-Coppieters_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coppieters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narratives">Biblical narratives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biblical narratives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%206:7–13&version=nrsv">Mark 6:7–13</a> states that Jesus initially sent out these twelve in pairs (<a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:5–42&version=nrsv">Mt 10:5–42</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%209:1–6&version=nrsv">Lk 9:1–6</a>) to towns in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>. The text states that their initial instructions were to <a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">heal the sick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exorcism" title="Exorcism">drive out demons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coppieters_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coppieters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also instructed to "take nothing for their journey, except a staff only: no bread, no wallet, no money in their purse, but to wear sandals, and not put on two <a href="/wiki/Tunic" title="Tunic">tunics</a>," and that if any town rejects them they ought to shake the dust off their feet as they leave, a gesture which some scholars think was meant as a contemptuous threat.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the Gospel narratives, the Twelve Apostles are described as <a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">having been commissioned to preach</a> the Gospel to "all the nations,"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regardless of whether <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jew</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paul emphasized the important role of the apostles in the church of God when he said that the household of God is "built upon the foundation of apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calling_by_Jesus">Calling by Jesus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Calling by Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghirlandaio,_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/300px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/450px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg/600px-Ghirlandaio%2C_Domenico_-_Calling_of_the_Apostles_-_1481.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="818" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Vocation_of_the_Apostles" title="Vocation of the Apostles">Vocation of the Apostles</a></i>, a fresco in the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Ghirlandaio" title="Domenico Ghirlandaio">Domenico Ghirlandaio</a>, 1481–82</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_(Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Exhortation_to_the_Apostles_%28Recommandation_aux_ap%C3%B4tres%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="1128" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, <i>The Exhortation to the Apostles</i></figcaption></figure> <p>All four canonical <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> record the circumstances in which some of the disciples were recruited.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a>, who was the disciple of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, and another unnamed disciple of John the Baptist, traditionally believed to be <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>, upon hearing the Baptist point out Jesus as the "Lamb of God", followed Jesus and spent the day with him, thus becoming the first two disciples called by Jesus. For this reason the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> honours Andrew with the name <i>Protokletos</i>, which means "the first called".<sup id="cite_ref-Benedict_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benedict-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, they are all described as immediately consenting and abandoning their nets to do so. The immediacy of their consent has been viewed as an example of divine power, although this is not stated in the text. Another explanation is that some of the disciples may have heard of Jesus beforehand, as implied by the Gospel of John, which states that Andrew was a disciple of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, and that he and his brother started following Jesus as soon as <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Jesus had been baptized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_(Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg/220px-De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg/330px-De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg/440px-De_zielenvisserij_-_Fishing_for_souls_%28Adriaen_Pietersz._van_de_Venne%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1955" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adriaen_van_de_Venne" title="Adriaen van de Venne">Adriaen van de Venne</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fishing_for_Souls" title="Fishing for Souls">Fishing for Souls</a></i>, oil on panel, 1614</figcaption></figure> <p>Matthew describes Jesus meeting James and John, also fishermen and brothers, very shortly after recruiting Simon and Andrew. Matthew and Mark identify James and John as sons of <a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a>. Luke adds to Matthew and Mark that James and John worked as a team with Simon and Andrew. Matthew states that at the time of the encounter, James and John were repairing their nets, but readily joined Jesus without hesitation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This parallels the accounts of Mark and Luke, but Matthew implies that the men have also abandoned their father (since he is present in the boat they abandon behind them), and Carter feels this should be interpreted to mean that Matthew's view of Jesus is one of a figure rejecting the traditional patriarchal structure of society, where the father had command over his children; most scholars, however, just interpret it to mean that Matthew intended these two to be seen as even more devoted than the other pair, or that Jesus expected the imminent coming of the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Synoptic Gospels go on to describe that later in Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a> he noticed a <a href="/wiki/Tax_collector" title="Tax collector">tax collector</a> in his booth. The tax collector, called Matthew in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%209:9&version=nrsv">Matthew 9:9</a>, and Levi in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%202:14&version=nrsv">Mark 2:14</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%205:27&version=nrsv">Luke 5:27</a>, is asked by Jesus to become one of his disciples. Matthew/Levi is stated to have accepted and then invited Jesus for a meal with his friends. Tax collectors were seen as <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villains</a> in Jewish society, and the <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a> are described as asking Jesus why he is having a meal with such disreputable people. The reply Jesus gave is now well known: "it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles">Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">commissioning of the Twelve Apostles</a> is an episode in the ministry of Jesus that appears in the three Synoptic Gospels. It relates the initial selection of the Twelve Apostles among the <a href="/wiki/Calling_of_the_disciples" title="Calling of the disciples">disciples of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a>, this event takes place shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">miracle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Healing_the_man_with_a_withered_hand" title="Healing the man with a withered hand">man with a withered hand</a>. In the gospels of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> and of Luke, it appears shortly after that miracle.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Then Jesus summoned his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to cure every disease and every sickness. These are the names of the twelve apostles: first, Simon, also known as Peter, and his brother Andrew; James son of Zebedee, and his brother John; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, the one who betrayed him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Matthew 10:1–4<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He went up the mountain and called to him those whom he wanted, and they came to him. And he appointed twelve, whom he also named apostles, to be with him, and to be sent out to proclaim the message, and to have authority to cast out demons. So he appointed the twelve:[b] Simon (to whom he gave the name Peter); James son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder); and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mark 3:13–19<sup id="cite_ref-mark313-19_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mark313-19-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God. When morning came, he called his disciples to him and chose twelve of them, whom he also designated apostles: Simon (whom he named Peter), his brother Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called the Zealot, Judas son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 6:12–16<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lists_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_in_the_New_Testament">Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lists of the Twelve Apostles in the New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_15464_Jesus_and_the_12_apostles_in_Domus_Galileae.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Monument of Jesus and the Twelve Apostles in <a href="/wiki/Domus_Galilaeae" title="Domus Galilaeae">Domus Galilaeae</a>, Israel</figcaption></figure> <p>Each of the four listings of apostles in the New Testament<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicate that all the apostles were men. The <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospels">canonical gospels</a> and the book of <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a> give varying names of the Twelve Apostles. The list in the Gospel of Luke differs from Matthew and Mark on one point. It lists "Judas, the son of James" instead of "Thaddaeus".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All listings appear in three groupings, always with the same four apostles in each group. Each group is always led by the same apostle, although the order of the remaining three names within the group varies. Thus, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> is always listed first, <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a> is always listed fifth, and <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> is always listed ninth. <a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a> is always listed last. </p><p>Unlike the Synoptic Gospels, the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> does not offer a formal list of apostles. Although it refers to "the Twelve",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the gospel does not present any elaboration of who these twelve actually were, and the author of the Gospel of John does not mention them all by name. There is also no separation of the terms "apostles" and "disciples" in John. </p><p>According to the New Testament there were only two pairs of brothers among the Twelve Apostles: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Andrew</a>, the sons of Jonah, as well as <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>, the sons of Zebedee. Since the father of both <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a> is named <a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a>, according to the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> the two were brothers as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Prologue_of_Ohrid_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prologue_of_Ohrid-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ibn_Kabar_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibn_Kabar-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> based on the writing of the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Father" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Father">Apostolic Father</a> <a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a> the apostles <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle#Possible_identity_with_Thaddeus" title="Jude the Apostle">Thaddaeus</a> were brothers and sons of <a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a> (named also <a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a>) and his wife <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Clopas" title="Mary of Clopas">Mary of Clopas</a> who was the sister of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">the mother of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-papias_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papias-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a>, compiled by <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> in the 13th century, adds to the two apostles also <a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saint_Simon_the_Apostle2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saint_Simon_the_Apostle2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:20%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:20%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Gospel of Mark</a><sup id="cite_ref-mark313-19_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mark313-19-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:20%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:20%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> </th> <th style="width:20%"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon</a> ("also known as Peter")</td> <td>Simon ("to whom he gave the name Peter")</td> <td>Simon ("whom he named Peter")</td> <td>Simon Peter<sup id="cite_ref-bibleref2|John|6:67–71_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibleref2|John|6:67–71-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> / <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Cephas</a> "which is translated Peter"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Peter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a> ("his [Peter's] brother")</td> <td>Andrew</td> <td>Andrew ("his [Peter's] brother")</td> <td>Andrew ("Simon Peter's brother")</td> <td>Andrew </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James</a> ("son of <a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a>")</td> <td>James ("son of Zebedee") / one of the "<a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus#Boanerges_(Βοανηργές)" title="Language of Jesus">Boanerges</a>"</td> <td>James</td> <td>one of the "sons of Zebedee"</td> <td>James </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> ("his [James's] brother")</td> <td>John ("brother of James") / one of the "Boanerges"</td> <td>John</td> <td>one of the "sons of Zebedee" / the "<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">disciple whom Jesus loved</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>John </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></td> <td>Philip</td> <td>Philip</td> <td>Philip</td> <td>Philip </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></td> <td>Bartholomew</td> <td>Bartholomew</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></td> <td>Bartholomew </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></td> <td>Thomas</td> <td>Thomas</td> <td>Thomas ("also called Didymus")<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Thomas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a> ("the <a href="/wiki/Publican" title="Publican">publican</a>")</td> <td>Matthew / Levi</td> <td>Matthew / Levi</td> <td>not mentioned</td> <td>Matthew </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James</a> ("son of <a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a>")</td> <td>James ("son of Alphaeus")</td> <td>James ("son of Alphaeus")</td> <td>not mentioned</td> <td>James ("son of Alphaeus") </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle#Possible_identity_with_Thaddeus" title="Jude the Apostle">Thaddaeus</a> (or "Lebbaeus");</td> <td>Thaddaeus</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Judas</a> ("son of James," referred to as <i>brother</i> in some translations)</td> <td>Judas ("not Iscariot")<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Judas ("son of James," referred to as <i>brother</i> in some translations) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a> ("the Canaanite")</td> <td>Simon ("the Cananaean")</td> <td>Simon ("who was called the <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealot</a>")</td> <td>not mentioned</td> <td>Simon ("the Zealot") </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></td> <td>Judas Iscariot</td> <td>Judas Iscariot</td> <td>Judas ("son of Simon Iscariot")<sup id="cite_ref-bibleref2|John|6:67–71_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bibleref2|John|6:67–71-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>(Judas replaced by <a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inner_circle_among_the_Twelve_Apostles">Inner circle among the Twelve Apostles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inner circle among the Twelve Apostles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James son of Zebedee">James son of Zebedee</a>, and James's brother <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> formed an informal <a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">triumvirate</a> among the Twelve Apostles in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>. Jesus invited them to be the only apostles present on three notable occasions during his public ministry: the <a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Raising of Jairus' daughter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christian Church</a> as a leading trio among the apostles were recognized Peter, John and <a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a>, known collectively as the three <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity#Jerusalem_church" title="Early Christianity">Pillars of the Church</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the tradition of the Catholic Church based on the writing of <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> this James is identified with the apostle <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two of the leading triumvirate, Peter and John, were additionally sent by Jesus into the city to make preparation for the final <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> meal (the <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were also the only two sent by the collective apostles to visit the newly converted believers in <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If John is to be identified with the <a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">disciple whom Jesus loved</a>, then it was also only Peter and John who followed behind Jesus after his capture in the <a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Garden of Gethsemane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and who ran to the empty tomb after <a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a> bore witness to the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_of_Judas_Iscariot">Replacement of Judas Iscariot</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Replacement of Judas Iscariot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias the Apostle</a></div> <p>After Judas betrayed Jesus (and then in guilt committed suicide before Christ's <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a>, one Gospel recounts), the apostles numbered eleven. The group is referred to as "the eleven" in <a href="/wiki/Mark_16#Alternate_endings" title="Mark 16">Mark 16:14</a> (part of the "longer ending" of Mark) and in <a href="/wiki/Luke_24" title="Luke 24">Luke 24:9,33</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Acts_1#Verse_26" title="Acts 1">Acts 1:26</a> they are "the eleven apostles", in <a href="/wiki/Matthew_28:16" title="Matthew 28:16">Matthew 28:16</a> they are "the eleven disciples". When Jesus had been taken up from them, in preparation for the coming of the Holy Spirit that he had promised them, Peter advised the brethren: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Judas, who was guide to those who took Jesus... For he was numbered with us, and received his portion in this ministry... For it is written in the <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">book of Psalms</a>, "Let his habitation be made desolate, Let no one dwell therein", and, "Let another take his office"... So one of the men who have accompanied us during all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us, beginning from the baptism of John until the day he was taken up from us, must become with us a witness to his resurrection.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:15–22&version=nrsv">Acts 1:15–22</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>So, between the <a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension of Jesus</a> and the day of <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, the remaining apostles elected a twelfth apostle by <a href="/wiki/Sortition" title="Sortition">casting lots</a>, a traditional Israelite way to determine the will of God (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Proverbs%2016:33&version=nrsv">Proverbs 16:33</a>). The lot fell upon <a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a> according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:26&version=nrsv">Acts 1:26</a>. </p><p>Paul the Apostle, in his <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">First Epistle to the Corinthians</a>, appears to give the first historical reference to the Twelve Apostles: "For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Cephas</a>, then to the twelve" (1 Cor 15:3–5). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_apostles_mentioned_in_the_New_Testament">Other apostles mentioned in the New Testament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other apostles mentioned in the New Testament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:200px;">Person called apostle </th> <th scope="col" style="width:150px;">Where in Scripture </th> <th scope="col" style="width:500px;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></td> <td>Acts 14:14<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James the Just, the brother of Jesus</a></td> <td>1 Corinthians 15:7, Galatians 1:19</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junia</a></td> <td>Romans 16:7<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Paul states that Andronicus and Junia were "of note among the apostles." This has been traditionally interpreted in one of two ways: <ul><li>That Andronicus and Junia were "of note among the apostles," that is, distinguished apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Metzger_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Metzger-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>That Andronicus and Junia were "well known <i>among</i> the apostles" meaning "well known <i>to</i> the apostles"</li></ul> <p>If the first view is correct then Paul may be referring to a female apostle<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2006-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  – the Greek name (Iounian) is in the accusative and could be either Junia (a woman) or Junias (a man).<sup id="cite_ref-CBMW_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBMW-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later manuscripts add accents to make it unambiguously Junias; however, while "Junia" was a common name, "Junias" was not,<sup id="cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ehrman_2006-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both options are favored by different Bible translations. </p><p>In the second view, it is believed that Paul is simply making mention of the outstanding character of these two people which was acknowledged by the apostles. </p><p>Historically it has been virtually impossible to tell which of the two views were correct. The second view, in recent years, has been defended from a scholarly perspective by Daniel Wallace and Michael Burer.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_seventy_disciples">The seventy disciples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The seventy disciples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></div> <p>The "seventy disciples" or "seventy-two disciples" (known in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christian</a> traditions as the "Seventy Apostles") were early emissaries of Jesus mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Luke, the only gospel in which they appear, Jesus appointed them and sent them out in pairs on a specific mission which is detailed in the text. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a>, they are usually referred to as <a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">disciples</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas in Eastern Christianity they are usually referred to as apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the original <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek words</a>, both titles are descriptive, as an <i>apostle</i> is one sent on a <a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">mission</a> (the Greek uses the verb form: <i>apesteilen</i>) whereas a <i>disciple</i> is a student, but the two traditions differ on the scope of the words <i>apostle</i> and <i>disciple</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paul,_Apostle_of_the_Gentiles"><span id="Paul.2C_Apostle_of_the_Gentiles"></span>Paul, Apostle of the Gentiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Paul, Apostle of the Gentiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Followers_of_Jesus" title="Category:Followers of Jesus">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> in the Bible</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg/220px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg/330px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg/440px-Rembrandt_Harmensz._van_Rijn_163.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1445" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Authorship</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related literature</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles#Lost_Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Lost epistles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Paul" title="Apocalypse of Paul">Apocalypse of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Apocalypse_of_Paul" title="Coptic Apocalypse of Paul">Coptic Apocalypse of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul_and_Thecla" title="Acts of Paul and Thecla">Paul and Thecla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Peter_and_Paul" title="Acts of Peter and Paul">Peter and Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_the_Apostle_Paul" title="Prayer of the Apostle Paul">Prayer of Paul</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:100%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">See also</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apostles in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Christianity" title="Pauline Christianity">Pauline Christianity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paul" title="Template:Paul"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paul" title="Template talk:Paul"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paul" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paul"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></div> <p>Although not one of the apostles commissioned during the life of Jesus, Paul, a <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jew</a> also named Saul,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200321_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200321-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> claimed a special commission from the post-ascension <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus#Biblical_accounts" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Jesus</a> as "the apostle of the <a href="/wiki/Gentiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gentiles">Gentiles</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to spread the gospel message after <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">his conversion</a>. In his writings, the <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">epistles</a> to Christian churches throughout the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, Paul did not restrict the term "apostle" to the twelve, and often refers to his mentor <a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a> as an apostle.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">his writings</a>, Paul, although not one of the original twelve, described himself as an <i>apostle</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was called by the resurrected Jesus himself during his <a href="/wiki/Road_to_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Road to Damascus">Road to Damascus</a> event. With Barnabas, he undertook the role of apostle in the church.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Paul claimed to have received a gospel not from teachings of the Twelve Apostles but solely and directly through personal revelations from the post-ascension Jesus,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after Jesus's death and resurrection (rather than before like the twelve), Paul was often obliged to defend his apostolic authority (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%209:1&version=nrsv">1 Cor. 9:1 "Am I not an apostle?"</a>) and proclaim that he had seen and was anointed by Jesus while on the road to Damascus. </p><p>Paul considered himself perhaps inferior to the other apostles because he had originally persecuted Christ's followers<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while thinking he was not in the least inferior to those "super-apostles" and not lacking in "knowledge".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul referred to himself as the <i>apostle of the Gentiles.</i><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Paul's account in his <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Epistle to the Galatians</a>, James, Peter and John in Jerusalem accepted the "grace" given to Paul and agreed that Paul and Barnabas should go to the Gentiles (specifically those not <a href="/wiki/Circumcision_controversy_in_early_Christianity" title="Circumcision controversy in early Christianity">circumcised</a>) and the three apostles who "seemed to be pillars" to the circumcised.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the <a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">Little Commission of Matthew 10</a>, the Twelve Apostles did not limit their mission to solely Jews as <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius the Centurion</a> is widely considered the first Gentile convert and he was converted by Peter, and the Great Commission of the resurrected Jesus is specifically to "all nations". </p><p>As the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i> states, "It is at once evident that in a Christian sense, everyone who had received a mission from God, or Christ, to man could be called 'Apostle<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"; thus extending the original sense beyond the twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-Coppieters_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coppieters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg/220px-Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg/330px-Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg/440px-Relics_of_the_Apostles_Utah_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="2561" /></a><figcaption>Relics of the apostles in 2017, while they were in Utah during the Relic Tour<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Of the Twelve Apostles to hold the title after Matthias' selection, <a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a> has generally passed down that all of the Twelve Apostles except <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">were martyred</a>. It is traditionally believed that John survived all of them, living to old age and dying of natural causes at Ephesus sometime after AD 98, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lamport2018_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamport2018-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zahn_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zahn-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, only the death of his brother <a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James</a> who became the first Apostle to die in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 44</span> is described in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2012:1–2&version=nrsv">Acts 12:1–2</a>) </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2027:5&version=nrsv">Matthew 27:5</a> says that Judas Iscariot threw the silver he received for betraying Jesus down in the Temple, then went and hanged himself. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:18&version=nrsv">Acts 1:18</a> says that he purchased a field, then "falling headlong he burst open in the middle and all his bowels gushed out". </p><p>According to the 18th-century historian <a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a>, early Christians (second half of the second century and first half of the third century) believed that only Peter, Paul, and James, son of Zebedee, were martyred.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remainder, or even all, of the claims of martyred apostles do not rely upon historical or biblical evidence, but only on late legends.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wills2015_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wills2015-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relics_and_burial_sites">Relics and burial sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relics and burial sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">Relics</a> of the apostles are claimed by various churches, many in Europe. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a>: buried in <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Andrew,_Patras" title="Cathedral of Saint Andrew, Patras">Cathedral of Saint Andrew, Patras</a>, Greece<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a>: buried in the <a href="/wiki/Benevento_Cathedral" title="Benevento Cathedral">Basilica</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a>, Italy, or <a href="/wiki/San_Bartolomeo_all%27Isola" title="San Bartolomeo all'Isola">Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island</a>, Rome, Italy<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a>: buried in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Santiago de Compostela Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a>: buried in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_St._James,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of St. James, Jerusalem">Cathedral of St. James in Jerusalem</a> or <a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">the Church of the Holy Apostles</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a>: no relics. The opening of his tomb (in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._John" title="Basilica of St. John">Basilica of St. John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>) during <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a>'s reign yielded no bones, giving rise to the belief that his body was <a href="/wiki/Entering_heaven_alive" title="Entering heaven alive">assumed</a> into heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a>: buried at <a href="/wiki/Akeldama" title="Akeldama">Akeldama</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> (per the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude Thaddeus</a>: buried in St. Peter's Basilica under the St. Joseph altar with St. Simon the Zealot; two bones (relics) located at <a href="/wiki/National_Shrine_of_Saint_Jude_(United_States)" title="National Shrine of Saint Jude (United States)">National Shrine of St. Jude</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>; other relics claimed by <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Cathedral" title="Toulouse Cathedral">Toulouse Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a>: buried in the <a href="/wiki/Salerno_Cathedral" title="Salerno Cathedral">Salerno Cathedral</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthias" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthias">Matthias</a>: buried in the <a href="/wiki/St._Matthias%27_Abbey" title="St. Matthias' Abbey">St. Matthias' Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>: relics located in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls</a> in Rome; the skull located in the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a>, alongside the skull of St. Peter.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a>: buried in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy; the skull located in the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran</a>, alongside the skull of St. Paul.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a>: buried in <a href="/wiki/Santi_Apostoli,_Rome" title="Santi Apostoli, Rome">the Church of the Holy Apostles</a> in Rome or possibly <a href="/wiki/Hierapolis" title="Hierapolis">Hierapolis</a>, modern Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a>: buried in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome under the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">St. Joseph</a> altar with St. Jude.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a>: buried in the <a href="/wiki/San_Thome_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="San Thome Basilica">San Thome Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, India or in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St._Thomas_the_Apostle,_Ortona" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St. Thomas the Apostle, Ortona">Basilica of St. Thomas the Apostle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_2nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the 2nd century">2nd century AD</a>, association with the apostles was esteemed as an evidence of authority. Churches that are believed to have been founded by one of the apostles are known as <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">apostolic sees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Paul's epistles were accepted as <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">scripture</a>, and two of the four <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">canonical</a> gospels were associated with apostles, as were other <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> works. Various Christian texts, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a></i>, were attributed to the apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a>, popular in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">West</a>, was alleged to have been composed by the apostles themselves. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishops">Bishops</a> traced their lines of succession back to individual apostles, who were said to have dispersed from Jerusalem and <a href="/wiki/Early_centers_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Early centers of Christianity">established churches</a> across great territories. Christian bishops have traditionally claimed authority deriving, by <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">apostolic succession</a>, from the Twelve Apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a> who came to be associated with apostles – such as <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Clement I">Pope Clement I</a> with <a href="/wiki/St._Peter" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter">St. Peter</a> – are referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostle (Latter Day Saints)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Jerusalem" title="Council of Jerusalem">Council of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Twelve Apostles">Council of Twelve Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersion_of_the_Apostles" title="Dispersion of the Apostles">Dispersion of the Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-to-apostles" title="Equal-to-apostles">Equal-to-apostles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude the Apostle</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is a traditional conflation of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a> with <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, currently disputed by many textual scholars.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603080145/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apostle">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Apostle", Britannica.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Apostle">the original</a> on 3 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Apostle%22%2C+Britannica.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FApostle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2024/01/04/100017-synaxis-of-the-seventy-apostles">"Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i>. The Orthodox Church in America<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=Synaxis+of+the+Seventy+Apostles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fsaints%2Flives%2F2024%2F01%2F04%2F100017-synaxis-of-the-seventy-apostles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibleref2|Romans|1:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%201:1&version=nrsv">Romans 1:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%2011:13&version=nrsv">Romans 11:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODCC_self-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODCC_self_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCross2005" class="citation book cs1">Cross, F.L., ed. (2005). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280290-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280290-9"><bdi>0-19-280290-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-19-280290-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coppieters-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coppieters_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coppieters_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coppieters_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180123101735/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01626c.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Apostles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01626c.htm">the original</a> on 23 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%3A+Apostles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F01626c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2016" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Denzil R. (2016). <i>Walking with the Apostles: Forth-Five Days in the Book of Acts</i>. PneumaLife Publications. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+with+the+Apostles%3A+Forth-Five+Days+in+the+Book+of+Acts&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=PneumaLife+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Denzil+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2028:19&version=nrsv">Mt 28:19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2013:10&version=nrsv">Mk 13:10</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2016:15&version=nrsv">16:15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2015:1–31&version=nrsv">Acts 15:1–31</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%202:7–9&version=nrsv">Galatians 2:7–9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:4–8&version=nrsv">Acts 1:4–8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2010:1–11:18&version=nrsv">Acts 10:1–11:18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Ephesians%202:19–20&version=nrsv">Ephesians 2:19–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%204:18–22&version=nrsv">Matthew 4:18–22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%201:16–20&version=nrsv">Mark 1:16–20</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%205:1–11&version=nrsv">Luke 5:1–11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:35–51&version=nrsv">Jn 1:35–51</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benedict-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benedict_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2006/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20060614.html">"General Audience of 14 June 2006: Andrew, the "Protoclete" | Benedict XVI"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230626182733/https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2006/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20060614.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=General+Audience+of+14+June+2006%3A+Andrew%2C+the+%22Protoclete%22+%26%23124%3B+Benedict+XVI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Faudiences%2F2006%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_aud_20060614.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:40–42&version=nrsv">Jn 1:40–42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%204:21&version=nrsv">Mt 4:21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeier1994" class="citation book cs1">Meier, John P. (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mentormessagemir00john"><i>Marginal Jew, II</i></a></span>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385469920" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385469920"><bdi>978-0385469920</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marginal+Jew%2C+II&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0385469920&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=John+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmentormessagemir00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%202:17&version=nrsv">Mark 2:17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley1992" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Harold (1992). <i>The First Gospel</i>. Mercer University Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-409-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-409-3"><bdi>0-86554-409-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Gospel&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-86554-409-3&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillsBullard1998" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey (1998). <i>Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Mercer University Press. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9"><bdi>0-86554-373-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-86554-373-9&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Watson+E.&rft.au=Bullard%2C+Roger+Aubrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss1860" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Strauss" title="David Strauss">Strauss, David</a> (1860). <i>The Life of Jesus</i>. Calvin Blanchard. p. 340.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Jesus&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=Calvin+Blanchard&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:1–4&version=nrsv">Matthew 10:1–4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mark313-19-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mark313-19_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mark313-19_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%203:13–19&version=nrsv">Mark 3:13–19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Luke%206:12–16">Luke 6:12–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#3:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 3:13–19</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#10:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 10:1–4</a>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#6:12" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 6:12–16</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Acts#1:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Acts">Acts 1:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#6:67" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 6:67–71</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prologue_of_Ohrid-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prologue_of_Ohrid_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170502033042/http://westserbdio.org/en/prologue/657-october-9">"Nikolaj Velimirović <i>Prologue of Ohrid</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westserbdio.org/en/prologue/657-october-9">the original</a> on 2 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nikolaj+Velimirovi%C4%87+Prologue+of+Ohrid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestserbdio.org%2Fen%2Fprologue%2F657-october-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibn_Kabar-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibn_Kabar_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stnoufer.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/the-lamp-that-lights-the-darkness-ibn-kabar.pdf">"Shams ibn Kabar <i>The Lamp that Lights the Darkness in Clarifying the Service</i>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221013175903/https://stnoufer.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/the-lamp-that-lights-the-darkness-ibn-kabar.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shams+ibn+Kabar+The+Lamp+that+Lights+the+Darkness+in+Clarifying+the+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstnoufer.files.wordpress.com%2F2015%2F01%2Fthe-lamp-that-lights-the-darkness-ibn-kabar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-papias-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-papias_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_Hierapolis" class="citation book cs1">of Hierapolis, Papias. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/papias.html">"Fragment X"</a>. <i>Exposition of the Sayings of the Lord</i>. Peter Kirby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924003641/http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/papias.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fragment+X&rft.btitle=Exposition+of+the+Sayings+of+the+Lord&rft.pub=Peter+Kirby&rft.aulast=of+Hierapolis&rft.aufirst=Papias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earlychristianwritings.com%2Ftext%2Fpapias.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Voragine1275" class="citation book cs1">de Voragine, Jacobus (1275). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume6.asp"><i>The Golden Legend or Lives Of The Saints</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029031055/https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/goldenlegend/GoldenLegend-Volume6.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Legend+or+Lives+Of+The+Saints&rft.date=1275&rft.aulast=de+Voragine&rft.aufirst=Jacobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsourcebooks.fordham.edu%2Fbasis%2Fgoldenlegend%2FGoldenLegend-Volume6.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saint_Simon_the_Apostle2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saint_Simon_the_Apostle2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStracke" class="citation book cs1">Stracke, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/goldenLegend/simonAndJude.htm"><i>Golden Legend: Life of SS. Simon and Jude</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029043501/http://www.christianiconography.info/goldenLegend/simonAndJude.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Golden+Legend%3A+Life+of+SS.+Simon+and+Jude&rft.aulast=Stracke&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianiconography.info%2FgoldenLegend%2FsimonAndJude.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2010:1–4&version=nrsv">Matt 10:1–4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%206:12–16&version=nrsv">Luke 6:12–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%201:13&version=nrsv">Acts 1:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bibleref2|John|6:67–71-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bibleref2|John|6:67–71_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bibleref2|John|6:67–71_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%206:67–71&version=nrsv">John 6:67–71</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%201:42&version=nrsv">John 1:42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2011:16&version=nrsv">John 11:16</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:24&version=nrsv">John 20:24</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2021:2&version=nrsv">John 21:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2014:22&version=nrsv">John 14:22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%205:37&version=nrsv">Mark 5:37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2017:1&version=nrsv">Matthew 17:1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2026:37&version=nrsv">Matthew 26:37</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%202:9&version=nrsv">Galatians 2:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/galatians/2-9.htm">"Galatians 2:9 And recognizing the grace that I had been given, James, Cephas, and John--those reputed to be pillars--gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, so that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the Jews"</a>. <i>biblehub.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329230622/https://biblehub.com/galatians/2-9.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Galatians+2%3A9+And+recognizing+the+grace+that+I+had+been+given%2C+James%2C+Cephas%2C+and+John--those+reputed+to+be+pillars--gave+me+and+Barnabas+the+right+hand+of+fellowship%2C+so+that+we+should+go+to+the+Gentiles+and+they+to+the+Jews.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fgalatians%2F2-9.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Saward – <i>Cradle of redeeming love: the theology of the Christmas mystery</i> p18 2002 "St Jerome concludes that St James, son of Alphaeus, and St James, brother of the Lord, are one and the same person.169 But why is James, son of Alphaeus, called our Lord's 'brother'? St Jerome's answer is as follows. In Matthew 13:55 we hear of four 'brothers' of our Lord: James and Joseph, Simon and Jude. Later, in the Passion narrative, St Matthew mentions a Mary who is the mother of James and Joseph (cf Mt 27:56) "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The brother of Jesus: James the Just and his mission</i> p17 Bruce Chilton, Jacob Neusner – 2001 "Given that James has been identified as the son of Alphaeus, Jerome indicates he cannot explain the connection of Mary the ... Chrysostom (347–407) was first to suggest that James the brother of the Lord is the son of Clopas though ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2022:8&version=nrsv">Lk 22:8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%208:14&version=nrsv">Acts 8:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2018:15–16&version=nrsv">Jn 18:15–16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%2020:1–10&version=nrsv">Jn 20:1–10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Alan_Culpepper1994" class="citation book cs1">R. Alan Culpepper (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-6O2UTnPrMQC&dq=Peter+and+John++leading+apostles&pg=PA47"><i>John, the Son of Zebedee: The Life of a Legend</i></a>. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87249-962-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87249-962-6"><bdi>0-87249-962-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421160633/https://books.google.com/books?id=-6O2UTnPrMQC&dq=Peter+and+John++leading+apostles&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John%2C+the+Son+of+Zebedee%3A+The+Life+of+a+Legend&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Univ+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87249-962-6&rft.au=R.+Alan+Culpepper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-6O2UTnPrMQC%26dq%3DPeter%2Band%2BJohn%2B%2Bleading%2Bapostles%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2014:14&version=nrsv">Acts 14:14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Romans%2016:7&version=nrsv">Rom 16:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-May_Metzger_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayMetzger1977" class="citation book cs1">May, Herbert G.; Metzger, Bruce M. (1977). <i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocrypha&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Herbert+G.&rft.au=Metzger%2C+Bruce+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrossanReed2004" class="citation book cs1">Crossan, J.D.; Reed, J.L. (2004). <i>In Search of Paul</i>. Harper. pp. 115–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-051457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-051457-0"><bdi>978-0-06-051457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Paul&rft.pages=115-116&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-06-051457-0&rft.aulast=Crossan&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft.au=Reed%2C+J.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ehrman_2006-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ehrman_2006_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2006" class="citation book cs1">Ehrman, Bert (2006). <i>Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530013-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530013-0"><bdi>978-0-19-530013-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peter%2C+Paul%2C+and+Mary+Magdalene%3A+The+Followers+of+Jesus+in+History+and+Legend&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530013-0&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBMW-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBMW_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbmw.org/uncategorized/a-female-apostle/">"A Female Apostle?"</a>. CBMW. 26 June 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021004608/https://cbmw.org/uncategorized/a-female-apostle/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Female+Apostle%3F&rft.pub=CBMW&rft.date=2007-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbmw.org%2Funcategorized%2Fa-female-apostle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurerWallace2001" class="citation journal cs1">Burer, Michael H.; Wallace, Daniel B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drmsh.com/TheNakedBible/Was%20Junia%20Really%20an%20Apostle%20A%20Re%20examination%20of%20Rom%2016%207.pdf">"Was Junia Really an Apostle? A Re-examination of Rom 16.7"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Testament Studies</i>. <b>47</b>. Cambridge University Press: 76–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0028688501000066">10.1017/S0028688501000066</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170360881">170360881</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826005618/https://drmsh.com/TheNakedBible/Was%20Junia%20Really%20an%20Apostle%20A%20Re%20examination%20of%20Rom%2016%207.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Testament+Studies&rft.atitle=Was+Junia+Really+an+Apostle%3F+A+Re-examination+of+Rom+16.7&rft.volume=47&rft.pages=76-91&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0028688501000066&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170360881%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Burer&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Daniel+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrmsh.com%2FTheNakedBible%2FWas%2520Junia%2520Really%2520an%2520Apostle%2520A%2520Re%2520examination%2520of%2520Rom%252016%25207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2010:1–24&version=nrsv">Luke 10:1–24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05029a.htm">"Disciple"</a>. New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124143512/http://newadvent.org/cathen/05029a.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018. <q>The disciples, in this disciples, in this context, are not the crowds of believers who flocked around Christ, but a smaller body of His followers. They are commonly identified with the seventy-two (seventy, according to the received Greek text, although several Greek manuscripts mention seventy-two, as does the Vulgate) referred to (Luke 10:1) as having been chosen by Jesus. The names of these disciples are given in several lists (Chronicon Paschale, and Pseudo-Dorotheus in Migne, P.G., XCII, 521–24; 543–45; 1061–65); but these lists are unfortunately worthless.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Disciple&rft.pub=New+Advent+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F05029a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927034847/http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100017">"Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles"</a>. <i>oca.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsLife.asp?FSID=100017">the original</a> on 27 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oca.org&rft.atitle=Synaxis+of+the+Seventy+Apostles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Focafs.oca.org%2FFeastSaintsLife.asp%3FFSID%3D100017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn200321-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn200321_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2003">Dunn 2003</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#11:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Romans 11:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2013:2&version=nrsv">Acts 13:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%201:12&version=nrsv">Gal 1:12</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%209:3–19&version=nrsv">Acts 9:3–19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%209:26–27&version=nrsv">9:26–27</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2022:6–21&version=nrsv">22:6–21</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Acts%2026:12–23&version=nrsv">26:12–23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Corinthians%2015:9&version=nrsv">1 Cor. 15:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Corinthians%2011:5–6&version=nrsv">2 Cor. 11:5–6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Romans#11:13" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Romans">Rom 11:13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%202:7–9&version=nrsv">Gal 2:7–9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162358/http://www.relictour.com/relics-of-the-passion">"Relics of the Passion"</a>. <i>www.relictour.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.relictour.com/relics-of-the-passion">the original</a> on 24 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.relictour.com&rft.atitle=Relics+of+the+Passion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.relictour.com%2Frelics-of-the-passion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamport2018-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lamport2018_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMark_A._Lamport2018" class="citation book cs1">Mark A. Lamport (1 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xVDwAAQBAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7157-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-7157-9"><bdi>978-1-4422-7157-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826005624/https://books.google.com/books?id=B6xVDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity+in+the+Global+South&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-7157-9&rft.au=Mark+A.+Lamport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB6xVDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zahn-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zahn_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc06/htm/iii.lvii.lviii.htm">"John the Apostle"</a>. <i>CCEL</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022164510/https://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc06/htm/iii.lvii.lviii.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CCEL&rft.atitle=John+the+Apostle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fs%2Fschaff%2Fencyc%2Fencyc06%2Fhtm%2Fiii.lvii.lviii.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_J._Craughwell2011" class="citation book cs1">Thomas J. Craughwell (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQblhT1XtkMC&dq=james+first+apostle+died+44++agrippa&pg=PA137"><i>Saints Preserved</i></a>. Crown Publishing Group. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307590749" title="Special:BookSources/9780307590749"><bdi>9780307590749</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saints+Preserved&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780307590749&rft.au=Thomas+J.+Craughwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQblhT1XtkMC%26dq%3Djames%2Bfirst%2Bapostle%2Bdied%2B44%2B%2Bagrippa%26pg%3DPA137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbon1826" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Gibbon, Edward</a> (1826). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FvQLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20">"Chapter XVI. The Conduct of the Roman Government toward the Christians, from the Reign of Nero to that of Constantine"</a>. <i>The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire</i>. Vol. II. New York: J. & J. Harper for Collins & Hanney. p. 20. <q>27. In the time of Tertullian and Clemens of Alexandria the glory of martyrdom was confined to St. Peter, St. Paul and St. James. It was gradually bestowed on the rest of the apostles by the more recent Greeks, who prudently selected for the theatre of their preaching and sufferings some remote country beyond the limits of the Roman empire. See Mosheim, p. 81. and Tillemont, Memoires Ecclesiastiques, tom. i. part 3.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XVI.+The+Conduct+of+the+Roman+Government+toward+the+Christians%2C+from+the+Reign+of+Nero+to+that+of+Constantine&rft.btitle=The+history+of+the+decline+and+fall+of+the+Roman+empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=J.+%26+J.+Harper+for+Collins+%26+Hanney&rft.date=1826&rft.aulast=Gibbon&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFvQLAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402131453/https://ehrmanblog.org/were-the-disciples-martyred-for-believing-the-resurrection-a-blast-from-the-past/">"Were the Disciples Martyred for Believing the Resurrection? A Blast From the Past"</a>. <i>The Bart Ehrman Blog</i>. 13 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrmanblog.org/were-the-disciples-martyred-for-believing-the-resurrection-a-blast-from-the-past/">the original</a> on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bart+Ehrman+Blog&rft.atitle=Were+the+Disciples+Martyred+for+Believing+the+Resurrection%3F+A+Blast+From+the+Past&rft.date=2017-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrmanblog.org%2Fwere-the-disciples-martyred-for-believing-the-resurrection-a-blast-from-the-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wills2015-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wills2015_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWills2015" class="citation book cs1">Wills, Garry (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A8XzAwAAQBAJ"><i>The Future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis</i></a>. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-698-15765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-698-15765-1"><bdi>978-0-698-15765-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826005624/https://books.google.com/books?id=A8XzAwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2022</span>. <q>(Candida Moss marshals the historical evidence to prove that "we simply don't know how any of the apostles died, much less whether they were martyred.")<sup>6</sup></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+the+Catholic+Church+with+Pope+Francis&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.isbn=978-0-698-15765-1&rft.aulast=Wills&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA8XzAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span> Citing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2013" class="citation book cs1">Moss, Candida (5 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smddSvSxFScC"><i>The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-210454-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-210454-0"><bdi>978-0-06-210454-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+Persecution%3A+How+Early+Christians+Invented+a+Story+of+Martyrdom&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.isbn=978-0-06-210454-0&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Candida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmddSvSxFScC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.2020" class="citation web cs1">H., Patti (3 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecatholictravelguide.com/destinations/greece/patras-greece-basilica-saint-andrew-apostle/">"Patras, Greece: The Basilica of Saint Andrew the Apostle"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220190112/https://thecatholictravelguide.com/destinations/greece/patras-greece-basilica-saint-andrew-apostle/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patras%2C+Greece%3A+The+Basilica+of+Saint+Andrew+the+Apostle&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft.aulast=H.&rft.aufirst=Patti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecatholictravelguide.com%2Fdestinations%2Fgreece%2Fpatras-greece-basilica-saint-andrew-apostle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiangravè2017" class="citation web cs1">Giangravè, Claire (22 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/st-bartholomew-basilica-shows-time-new-martyrs">"Crux"</a>. Cruxnow.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183105/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/st-bartholomew-basilica-shows-time-new-martyrs">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crux&rft.pub=Cruxnow.com&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft.aulast=Giangrav%C3%A8&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcruxnow.com%2Fglobal-church%2F2017%2F04%2Fst-bartholomew-basilica-shows-time-new-martyrs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dannythedigger.com/saint-james-cathedral/">"Jerusalem's Saint James Cathedral"</a>. 13 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220184611/https://dannythedigger.com/saint-james-cathedral/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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American Schools of Oriental Research. 7 March 1974. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826005623/https://books.google.com/books?id=SuclAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.atitle=St.+Jude+Thaddeus+and+St.+Simon+the+Zealot%2C+Apostles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fsaint%2Fst-jude-thaddeus-and-st-simon-the-zealot-apostles-541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shrineofstjude.org/learn/catholic-history/what-is-a-relic/">"What is a relic? | The National Shrine of Saint Jude"</a>. 3 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183107/https://shrineofstjude.org/learn/catholic-history/what-is-a-relic/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Archaeological+Association&rft.atitle=Notes+on+a+group+of+reliquaries&rft.date=1870-12&rft.aulast=Cuming&rft.aufirst=H.+Syer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUDAGAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hierapolis-info.ru/tomb-of-the-apostle-st-philip-in-hierapolis.html">"Tomb of the Apostle St.Philip in Hierapolis (Asia Minor, Turkey)"</a>. <i>www.hierapolis-info.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183117/https://www.hierapolis-info.ru/tomb-of-the-apostle-st-philip-in-hierapolis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hierapolis-info.ru&rft.atitle=Tomb+of+the+Apostle+St.Philip+in+Hierapolis+%28Asia+Minor%2C+Turkey%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hierapolis-info.ru%2Ftomb-of-the-apostle-st-philip-in-hierapolis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintsinrome.com/2013/08/sts-simon-and-jude.html">"Sts Simon and Jude"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183107/http://www.saintsinrome.com/2013/08/sts-simon-and-jude.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sts+Simon+and+Jude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintsinrome.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fsts-simon-and-jude.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220183107/https://stthomasmount.org/115-relics-of-apostles-saints/">"115 Relics of Apostles & Saints"</a>. St. Thomas Mount National Shrine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stthomasmount.org/115-relics-of-apostles-saints/">the original</a> on 20 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=115+Relics+of+Apostles+%26+Saints&rft.pub=St.+Thomas+Mount+National+Shrine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstthomasmount.org%2F115-relics-of-apostles-saints%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/relics-of-the-apostle-st-thomas">"Relics of the Apostle St. Thomas"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813114542/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/relics-of-the-apostle-st-thomas">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Relics+of+the+Apostle+St.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Frelics-of-the-apostle-st-thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoring2006" class="citation book cs1">Boring, M. Eugene (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zmP5-Jp8VzsC"><i>Mark: A Commentary</i></a>. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22107-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-22107-2"><bdi>978-0-664-22107-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mark%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pub=Presbyterian+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-664-22107-2&rft.aulast=Boring&rft.aufirst=M.+Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzmP5-Jp8VzsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkett2002" class="citation book cs1">Burkett, Delbert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416082409/https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Introduction_to_the_New_Testament_and.html?id=EcsQknxV-xQC"><i>An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00720-7"><bdi>978-0-521-00720-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EcsQknxV-xQC">the original</a> on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+the+New+Testament+and+the+origins+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00720-7&rft.aulast=Burkett&rft.aufirst=Delbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEcsQknxV-xQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation cs2">Dunn, James D. G., ed. (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TNXPGiKx-mkC"><i>The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul</i></a>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-78155-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-78155-8"><bdi>0-521-78155-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+St.+Paul&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-521-78155-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTNXPGiKx-mkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrington1991" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Daniel J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bNf13S3k2w0C&q=Harrington+commentary+mark"><i>The Gospel of Matthew</i></a>. Liturgical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814658031" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814658031"><bdi>978-0814658031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0814658031&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbNf13S3k2w0C%26q%3DHarrington%2Bcommentary%2Bmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart D Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=URdACxKubDIC&pg=PA235"><i>Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195182491" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195182491"><bdi>978-0195182491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Christianities%3A+The+Battles+for+Scripture+and+the+Faiths+We+Never+Knew&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0195182491&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DURdACxKubDIC%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2006" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Stephen L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118034441/https://books.google.com/books?id=nAsoAAAACAAJ"><i>Understanding the Bible</i></a> (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-296548-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-296548-3"><bdi>978-0-07-296548-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nAsoAAAACAAJ">the original</a> on 18 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+Bible&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-07-296548-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnAsoAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolland2005" class="citation book cs1">Nolland, John (2005). <i>The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text</i>. Eerdmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+of+Matthew%3A+A+Commentary+on+the+Greek+Text&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Nolland&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pheme_Perkins" title="Pheme Perkins">Perkins, Pheme</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PSHCRgS_SAUC">"The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story"</a>. In Barton, John (ed.). <i>The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-48593-7"><bdi>978-0-521-48593-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Synoptic+Gospels+and+the+Acts+of+the+Apostles%3A+Telling+the+Christian+Story&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+biblical+interpretation&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-48593-7&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPSHCRgS_SAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins2009" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Pheme (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lMUZhdgmOR8C"><i>Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6553-3"><bdi>978-0-8028-6553-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204021050/https://books.google.com/books?id=lMUZhdgmOR8C">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Synoptic+Gospels&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6553-3&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlMUZhdgmOR8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddish2011" class="citation book cs1">Reddish, Mitchell (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hliGUOv18cQC"><i>An Introduction to The Gospels</i></a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1426750083" title="Special:BookSources/978-1426750083"><bdi>978-1426750083</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204021134/https://books.google.com/books?id=hliGUOv18cQC">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+The+Gospels&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1426750083&rft.aulast=Reddish&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhliGUOv18cQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1995" class="citation book cs1">Sanders, E.P. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkbTL36ZgPIC&q=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus,+Sanders,"><i>The Historical Figure of Jesus</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0141928227" title="Special:BookSources/978-0141928227"><bdi>978-0141928227</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240229221827/https://books.google.com/books?id=lkbTL36ZgPIC&q=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus,+Sanders,#v=snippet&q=The%20Historical%20Figure%20of%20Jesus%2C%20Sanders%2C&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 29 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Figure+of+Jesus&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0141928227&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=E.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkbTL36ZgPIC%26q%3DThe%2BHistorical%2BFigure%2Bof%2BJesus%2C%2BSanders%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheissenMerz1998" class="citation book cs1">Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998) [1996]. <i>The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide</i>. Translated by Bowden, John. Eerdmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+historical+Jesus%3A+a+comprehensive+guide&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Theissen&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rft.au=Merz%2C+Annette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i>The Navarre Bible.</i> (RSV, Catholic Edition), Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1999.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Albright" title="William F. Albright">Albright, W.F.</a> and C.S. Mann. "Matthew." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Anchor_Bible_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anchor Bible Series">The Anchor Bible Series</a>.</i> New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>, <i>The Apostles.</i> Full title is <i>The Origins of the Church – The Apostles and Their Co-Workers</i>. published 2007, in the US: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59276-405-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59276-405-1">978-1-59276-405-1</a>; different edition published in the UK under the title: <i>Christ and His Church – Seeing the face of Jesus in the Church of the Apostles</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86082-441-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86082-441-8">978-1-86082-441-8</a>.</li> <li>Carson, D.A. "The Limits of Functional Equivalence in Bible Translation – and other Limits Too." in <i>The Challenge of Bible Translation: Communicating God's Word to the World.</i> edited by Glen G Scorgie, Mark L. Strauss, Steven M. Voth.</li> <li>Carter, Warren. "Matthew 4:18–22 and Matthean Discipleship: An Audience-Oriented Perspective." <i>Catholic Bible Quarterly.</i> Vol. 59. No. 1. 1997.</li> <li>Clarke, Howard W. <i>The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel.</i> Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.</li> <li>"Fishers of Men." <i>A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature.</i> David Lyle Jeffrey, general editor. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992.</li> <li>France, R.T. <i>The Gospel According to Matthew: an Introduction and Commentary.</i> Leicester: Inter-Varsity, 1985.</li> <li>Karrer, Martin. "Apostle, Apostolate." In <i>The Encyclopedia of Christianity</i>, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 107–08. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2413-7">0-8028-2413-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht1910" class="citation book cs1">Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/XXXI. Jesus chooses and sends forth His Apostles"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Practical_Commentary_on_Holy_Scripture/XXXI._Jesus_chooses_and_sends_forth_His_Apostles">"Chapter XXXI. Jesus chooses and sends forth His Apostles" </a></span>. <i>A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture</i>. B. Herder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XXXI.+Jesus+chooses+and+sends+forth+His+Apostles&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Commentary+on+Holy+Scripture&rft.pub=B.+Herder&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Justus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Mack, Burton L., <i>The Lost Gospel – The Book of Q & Christian Origins</i>. HarperCollins 1994.</li> <li>Manek, Jindrich. "Fishers of Men." <i>Novum Testamentum.</i> 1958, p. 138.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Schweizer" title="Eduard Schweizer">Schweizer, Eduard</a>. <i>The Good News According to Matthew.</i> Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975.</li> <li>Wuellner, Wilhelm H. <i>The Meaning of "Fishers of Men"</i>. Westminster Press, 1967.</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostles_in_the_New_Testament&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Vol. 2 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 196–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apostle&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=196-99&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Apostles" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Apostles">Apostles</a>". <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></i>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apostles&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppieters1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Coppieters, Honoré-Joseph (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Apostles" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apostles">Apostles</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apostles&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Coppieters&rft.aufirst=Honor%C3%A9-Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Apostle" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Apostle">Apostle</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apostle&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Apostle" class="extiw" title="s:Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Apostle">Apostle</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a></i>. 1897.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apostle&rft.btitle=Easton%27s+Bible+Dictionary&rft.date=1897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostles+in+the+New+Testament" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Less" title="James the Less">the Less</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Beloved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude Thaddaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Later</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">conversion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Commissioning of the Twelve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_the_disciples" title="Calling of the disciples">calling of the disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calling_of_Matthew" title="Calling of Matthew">calling of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">Mission Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_Persecutions" title="Coming Persecutions">coming persecutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">Apostolic Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_see" title="Apostolic see">Apostolic see</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispersion_of_the_Apostles" title="Dispersion of the Apostles">Dispersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Relics_and_burial_sites">Relics and burial sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Creed" title="Apostles' Creed">Apostles' Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_people" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_people" title="Template talk:New Testament people"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_people" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament people"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_people" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament_people" title="Category:New Testament people">New Testament people</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphaeus" title="Alphaeus">Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna the Prophetess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annas" title="Annas">Annas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabbas" title="Barabbas">Barabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_the_blind_near_Jericho" title="Healing the blind near Jericho">Bartimaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_man_of_Bethsaida" title="Blind man of Bethsaida">Blind man <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bethsaida)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caiaphas" title="Caiaphas">Caiaphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celidonius" title="Celidonius">Celidonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopas" title="Cleopas">Cleopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">Devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Penitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Dismas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impenitent_thief" title="Impenitent thief">Impenitent thief <span style="font-size:85%;">("Gestas")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_Jairus%27_daughter" title="Raising of Jairus' daughter">Jairus' daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna,_wife_of_Chuza" title="Joanna, wife of Chuza">Joanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Arimathea" title="Joseph of Arimathea">Joseph of Arimathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Jude, brother of Jesus">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(demons)" title="Legion (demons)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysanias" title="Lysanias">Lysanias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus" title="Malchus">Malchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha" title="Martha">Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_James" title="Mary, mother of James">Mary, mother of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Clopas" title="Mary of Clopas">Mary of Clopas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_fugitive" title="Naked fugitive">Naked fugitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Nain" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Nain">Son of Nain's widow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicodemus" title="Nicodemus">Nicodemus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_ben_Gurion" title="Nicodemus ben Gurion">Nicodemus ben Gurion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_(disciple)" title="Salome (disciple)">Salome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon,_brother_of_Jesus" title="Simon, brother of Jesus">Simon, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Simon of Cyrene">Simon of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Leper" title="Simon the Leper">Simon the Leper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Pharisee" title="Simon the Pharisee">Simon the Pharisee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(disciple)" title="Susanna (disciple)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_of_the_Syrophoenician_woman%27s_daughter" title="Exorcism of the Syrophoenician woman's daughter">Syrophoenician woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_(biblical)" title="Theophilus (biblical)">Theophilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebedee" title="Zebedee">Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_James" title="New Testament people named James">People named James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">People named John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Joseph" title="New Testament people named Joseph">People named Joseph</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Joses" title="Joses">Joses</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Judas_or_Jude" title="New Testament people named Judas or Jude">People named Judas or Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Mary" title="New Testament people named Mary">People named Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_Simon" title="New Testament people named Simon">People named Simon or Simeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel#Christian_beliefs" title="Angel">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Jesus's brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_demonology" title="Christian demonology">Demons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_disciples_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Female disciples of Jesus">Female disciples of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God-fearer" title="God-fearer">God-fearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodians" title="Herodians">Herodians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrhbearers" title="Myrrhbearers">Myrrhbearers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_the_biblical_nameless#New_Testament" title="List of names for the biblical nameless">Nameless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselyte" title="Proselyte">Proselytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofer" title="Sofer">Scribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_at_the_crucifixion" title="Women at the crucifixion">Women at the crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealots_(Judea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zealots (Judea)">Zealots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathanael_(follower_of_Jesus)" title="Nathanael (follower of Jesus)">Nathanael</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James, son of Alphaeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Less" title="James the Less">Less</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James, son of Zebedee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Disciple whom Jesus loved</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Iscariot" title="Judas Iscariot">Judas Iscariot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Judas Thaddaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Simon Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon the Zealot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_(biblical_figure)" title="Aeneas (biblical figure)">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_of_Damascus" title="Ananias of Damascus">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Damascus)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Ananias <span style="font-size:85%;">(Judaea)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_son_of_Nedebeus" title="Ananias son of Nedebeus">Ananias son of Nedebeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristarchus_of_Thessalonica" title="Aristarchus of Thessalonica">Aristarchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastus" title="Blastus">Blastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damaris_(biblical_figure)" title="Damaris (biblical figure)">Damaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Dionysius the Areopagite">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas" title="Dorcas">Dorcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymas" title="Elymas">Elymas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_(prophet)" title="Egyptian (prophet)">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_eunuch" title="Ethiopian eunuch">Ethiopian eunuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutychus" title="Eutychus">Eutychus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamaliel" title="Gamaliel">Gamaliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_of_Thessalonica" title="Jason of Thessalonica">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barsabbas" title="Joseph Barsabbas">Joseph Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_of_Galilee" title="Judas of Galilee">Judas of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Cyrene" title="Lucius of Cyrene">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_of_Thyatira" title="Lydia of Thyatira">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manahen" title="Manahen">Manaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mark" title="John Mark">(John) Mark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_cousin_of_Barnabas" title="Mark the cousin of Barnabas">cousin of Barnabas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_John_Mark" title="Mary, mother of John Mark">Mary, mother of (John) Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnason" title="Mnason">Mnason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_the_Deacon" title="Nicanor the Deacon">Nicanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolaism#Nicolas" title="Nicolaism">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parmenas" title="Parmenas">Parmenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Evangelist" title="Philip the Evangelist">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochorus_(deacon)" title="Prochorus (deacon)">Prochorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Publius" title="Saint Publius">Publius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_(biblical_figure)" title="Rhoda (biblical figure)">Rhoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananias_and_Sapphira" title="Ananias and Sapphira">Sapphira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceva" title="Sceva">Sceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Deacons" title="Seven Deacons">Seven Deacons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Silvanus_of_the_Seventy" title="Silvanus of the Seventy">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_Niger" title="Simeon Niger">Simeon Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Magus" title="Simon Magus">Simon Magus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopater" title="Sopater">Sopater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes" title="Sosthenes">Sosthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theudas" title="Theudas">Theudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophimus" title="Trophimus">Trophimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tychicus" title="Tychicus">Tychicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenas_the_Lawyer" title="Zenas the Lawyer">Zenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center">Romans and<br /><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herod's family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Antipas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herodias" title="Herodias">Herodias</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longinus" title="Longinus">Longinus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate%27s_wife" title="Pontius Pilate's wife">Pilate's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinius" title="Quirinius">Quirinius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome" title="Salome">Salome</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;font-weight:normal">Acts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berenice_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Berenice (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Berenice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_the_Centurion" title="Cornelius the Centurion">Cornelius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drusilla_(daughter_of_Herod_Agrippa)" title="Drusilla (daughter of Herod Agrippa)">Drusilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Felix" title="Antonius Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcius_Festus" title="Porcius Festus">Festus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus" title="Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus">Gallio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Lysias" title="Claudius Lysias">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_Paulus" title="Sergius Paulus">Paullus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaicus_of_Corinth" title="Achaicus of Corinth">Achaicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Ephesian)" title="Alexander (Ephesian)">Alexander of Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Coppersmith" title="Alexander the Coppersmith">Alexander the Coppersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronicus_of_Pannonia" title="Andronicus of Pannonia">Andronicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archippus" title="Archippus">Archippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretas_IV_Philopatris" title="Aretas IV Philopatris">Aretas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_(saint)" title="Artemas (saint)">Artemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpus_of_Beroea" title="Carpus of Beroea">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Claudia" title="Saint Claudia">Claudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescens" title="Crescens">Crescens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demas" title="Demas">Demas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphras" title="Epaphras">Epaphras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epaphroditus" title="Epaphroditus">Epaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_of_Corinth" title="Erastus of Corinth">Erastus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_(biblical_figure)" title="Eunice (biblical figure)">Eunice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euodia_and_Syntyche" title="Euodia and Syntyche">Euodia and Syntyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodion_of_Patras" title="Herodion of Patras">Herodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymenaeus_(biblical_figure)" title="Hymenaeus (biblical figure)">Hymenaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Justus" title="Jesus Justus">Jesus Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junia_(New_Testament_person)" title="Junia (New Testament person)">Junia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_(biblical_figure)" title="Lois (biblical figure)">Lois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Rome" title="Mary of Rome">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphas" title="Nymphas">Nymphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympas" title="Olympas">Olympas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesimus" title="Onesimus">Onesimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesiphorus" title="Onesiphorus">Onesiphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pudens" title="Saint Pudens">Pudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philemon_(biblical_figure)" title="Philemon (biblical figure)">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_(biblical_figure)" title="Philetus (biblical figure)">Philetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(biblical_figure)" title="Phoebe (biblical figure)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartus" title="Quartus">Quartus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipater" title="Sosipater">Sosipater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertius_of_Iconium" title="Tertius of Iconium">Tertius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryphena_and_Tryphosa" title="Tryphena and Tryphosa">Tryphena and Tryphosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipas_of_Pergamum" title="Antipas of Pergamum">Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Apollyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Woman of the Apocalypse">Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christianity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" 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