From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today , International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, Science Publishing Group

<!doctype html> <html> <head> <title>From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today , International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, Science Publishing Group</title> <meta name="description" content="This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like <i>cité-jardins</i> in France and <i>Garten-stadts</i> in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, <i>cité-parc</i>, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. "> <meta name="Keywords" content="Architecture, COVID-19, City Planning, Garden-Cities, Sustainability, Urban Theories"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/js/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?v=20241122084834"> <meta name="dc.title" content="From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today "> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Hülya Coskun"> <meta name="dc.type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="dc.source" content="International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications 2024, Volume 10, Page 64"> <meta name="dc.date" content="2024-10-10"> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/pdf"> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"> <meta name="dc.description" content="This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like <i>cité-jardins</i> in France and <i>Garten-stadts</i> in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, <i>cité-parc</i>, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. "> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Architecture"><meta name="dc.subject" content="COVID-19"><meta name="dc.subject" content="City Planning"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Garden-Cities"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Sustainability"><meta name="dc.subject" content="Urban Theories"> <meta name="prism.issn" content="2472-1131"> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications"> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2024-10-10"> <meta name="prism.volume" content="10"> <meta name="prism.number" content="4"> <meta name="prism.section" content="Research Article"> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="64"> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="75"> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2024 The Author(s)"> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="service@sciencepublishinggroup.com"> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://www.sciencepg.com/article/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2472-1131"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications"> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl."> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Science Publishing Group"> <meta name="citation_title" content="From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today "> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/10"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/10/10"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="4"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="64"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="75"> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article"> <meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""> <meta name="citation_language" content="En"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hülya Coskun"> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Faculty of Architecture, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Türkiye"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="doi:10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <meta name="citation_id" content="3831217"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://article.sciencepg.com/pdf/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <meta name="citation_reference" content="United Nations, (1996), İstanbul, Conference, https://www.un.org/en/conferences/habitat/istanbul1996 Accessed, September 10, 2021"><meta name="citation_reference" content="Balemi, N., Füss, R., Weigand, A., (2021), Covid-19’s Impact on Real Estate Markets: Review and Outlook. 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The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like <i>cité-jardins</i> in France and <i>Garten-stadts</i> in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, <i>cité-parc</i>, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. 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value="j.ijaaa.20241004.11"> <div class="article_header"> <div class="article_header_top"> Research Article <span>|</span> <a href="/journal/383/open-access" target="_blank"><img src="/img/oa.png" class="oa"></a> <span>|</span> <a href="/journal/383/peer-review-at-sciencepg" style="color: #00599c; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Peer-Reviewed</a> </div> <h3 class="ArticleTitle">From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today </h3> <div class="article_author"> <span class="author"> <a href="javascript:;" data-target="#author0" class="AuthorName" >Hülya Coskun</a><sup>*</sup><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-622X" target="_blank"><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"></a> <div class="author_item person-info" id="author0" style="display: none;"> <p class="author_name">Hülya Coskun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Faculty of Architecture, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Türkiye</p> <p class="roles">Contributor Roles: Hülya Coskun is the sole author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10730385"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a href="javascript:;" class="EmailAddress btn-email" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#emailModalScrollable">Contact Email</a></p> <p><img src="/img/orcid_icon.png"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-622X" target="_blank" class="normal_link">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-622X<i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></p> </div> </div> </span> </div> <div class="published"> <span>Published in </span> <a href="/journal/383/home" target="_blank"><i>International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications</i></a> (<a href="/journal/383/archive/3831004" target="_blank">Volume 10, Issue 4</a>) </div> <div class="article_time"> <span>Received: </span>4 July 2024     <span>Accepted: </span>18 September 2024     <span>Published: </span>10 October 2024 </div> <div class="vd"> <input type="hidden" id="downloadTotalizationUrl" value="https://w.sciencepublishinggroup.com/"> <span>Views:</span> <span class="spanViews"></span>      <span>Downloads:</span> <span class="spanDownloads"></span> </div> <div class="operation clearfix"> <div class="view_more left"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="downLoadArticle(10090677, "https:\/\/w.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", '.spanDownloads', "https:\/\/article.sciencepublishinggroup.com\/", "pdf\/j.ijaaa.20241004.11", true)" > <i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i>Download PDF </a> </div>  <div class="add_ope share_btn left"> <a href="javascript:;" id="toggleButton"> <img src="/img/share_icon.png">Share This Article </a> <div class="share_item toggle-div" id="myDiv"> <div class="s-popup__arrow"></div> <div class="share_list"> <ul> <li> <a id="twitterUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/twitter_icon.png">Twitter</a> </li> <li> <a id="linkedInUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/LinkedIn_icon.png">Linked In</a> </li> <li> <a id="facebookUrl" target="_blank"><img src="/img/facebook_icon.png">Facebook</a> </li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> var twitterUrl = "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + twitterUrlEncode("From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today\r\n"); twitterUrl += "&hashtags=" + twitterUrlEncode("Science Publishing Group"); twitterUrl += "&url=" + twitterUrlEncode(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&title=" + encodeURIComponent("From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today\r\n"); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent("&source=" + location.origin + "&summary=" + getMoreContentShow("This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century\u2019s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like <i>cit\u00E9-jardins<\/i> in France and <i>Garten-stadts<\/i> in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, <i>cit\u00E9-parc<\/i>, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard\u2019s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics.\r\n", 200)) linkedInUrl += "&url=" + encodeURIComponent(location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"); var facebookUrl = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" + location.origin + "/" + "article\/10.11648\/j.ijaaa.20241004.11"; </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div class="section" id="abstract"> <div class="Abatract">Abstract</div> <p class="AbatractContent">This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like <i>cité-jardins</i> in France and <i>Garten-stadts</i> in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, <i>cité-parc</i>, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. </p> </div> <div class="article_basic_info"> <table> <tr> <td> <span>Published in</span> </td> <td> <a href="/journal/383/home" target="_blank"><i>International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications</i></a> (<a href="/journal/383/archive/3831004" target="_blank">Volume 10, Issue 4</a>) </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>DOI</span> </td> <td> <a href="https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11" target="_blank">10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Page(s)</span> </td> <td>64-75</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Creative Commons</span> </td> <td> <p class="basic_copyright"><img src="/img/copyright_icon2.png"></p> <p>This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span>Copyright</span> </td> <td> <p>Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pre_next_article clearfix"> <div class="pre"> <a href="/article/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241003.12"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-left"></i><span>Previous article</span></a> </div> <div class="next"> <span style="color: gray;"><span>Next article</span><i style="color: gray;" class="fas fa-chevron-circle-right"></i></span> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="keywords"> <div class="Keywords">Keywords</div> <p class="KeywordsContent">Architecture, COVID-19, City Planning, Garden-Cities, Sustainability, Urban Theories</p> </div> <div class="section" id="references"> <div class="Heading1">References</div> <div class="references"> <table class="normal_table"> <tbody> <tr class="References"> <td>[1] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> United Nations, (1996), İstanbul, Conference, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.un.org/en/conferences/habitat/istanbul1996" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.un.org/en/conferences/habitat/istanbul1996 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> Accessed, September 10, 2021 </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[2] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Balemi, N., Füss, R., Weigand, A., (2021), Covid-19’s Impact on Real Estate Markets: Review and Outlook. Published by, Axel&Springer. Acceseed, 08, June, 2023. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34765078" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34765078 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[3] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Forsyth, A., (2020), What Role Do Plan and Design Play In a Pandemic? News – Harvard’s Graduate School of Design 2020. Accessed, 20 August, 2022. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[4] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Lefebvre H., (1970), The Urban Revolution, Transformation, by Robert Bononno. Minneapolis, MN University of Minnesota Press. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[5] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Vox, (2022), “America's biggest cities shrank during the pandemic”. Accessed, April, 14, 2022. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Vox/posts/2131439300376994" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.facebook.com/Vox/posts/2131439300376994 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[6] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Wall Street Journal, (2021), “Pandemic Supercharged Changes, in Where Americans Live” Accessed September 20, 2021. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-supercharged-changes-in-where-americans-live-11619536399" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.wsj.com/articles/pandemic-supercharged-changes-in-where-americans-live-11619536399 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[7] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Howard, E., (2008), Garden Cities To-Morrow, Biblio-B, London. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[8] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Banham, R. (1969), “Architecture of the Well-tempered Environment”; University of Chicago Press, Chicago. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[9] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Howard, E., (2008), Reprint 1902/1989). Tomorrow, A Peaceful Path to Real Reform. Garden Cities of Tomorrow; ATC Books/Faber and Faber, London. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[10] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Lehmann, S., (2011), What is Green Urbanism? Holistic Principles To Transform Cities For Sustainable. 4<sup>th</sup>International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[11] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Asfour K., (2019),: “Healing Architecture: A Spatial Experience Praxis”. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 2019. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-03-2019-0055" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-03-2019-0055 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[12] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Grierson, D., (2019), An application of measuring visual and non-visual sensorial experiences of nature for children within primary school spaces: Child–nature–distance case studies in Glasgow, Scotland. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research2019. Accessed August, 2023, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-05-2019-0139" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-05-2019-0139 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[13] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Rice, L., (2020), “The Nature and Extent of Healthy Architecture: The Current State of Progress”. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research. 13(2): 244–259. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-11-2018-0005" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-11-2018-0005 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> Accessed, January, 18, 2023. </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[14] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Paquot, T., (2013), “Introduction L'Urbanisme est a Penser”, Repenser l'Urbanisme, sous la direction de Thierry Paquot, İnfolio, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[15] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hardy, D., (1999), 1899–1999, London, England: Town and Country Planning Association. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[16] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hall, P., (2002), Cities of Tomorrow (3rd ed.), Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[17] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Stern, R., A., M.; Fishman, D., Tilove, J., (2013). Paradise Planned: The Garden Suburb and the Modern City. The Monacelli Press. pp. 17–19. ISBN 978-1580933261. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[18] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hall&Ward, C., (1998), Sociable Cities: the Legacy of Ebenezer Howard, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[19] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Coskun, H., (2022), “Sustainable and Resilient Plannings, Developed Housing Models for Istanbul”, International Conference, RRAU, Resilient&Responsible Architecture and Urbanism, 4th Edition, 03-05 December 2021, Ximanen University Malaysia, Southwest Jiatotong University, China, Malaysia, On-Line Conferences. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[20] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Banham, R., (1999), A Critic Writes, Essays By Banham, Berkeley University of California, ISBN: 9780520219441. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[21] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Coskun, H., (2017), “In The Beginning of The 20th Century, Analyzing Methods of The Housing Problem And An Example: Henri Prost’s Istanbul Plannings,” PhD Thesis, 2017, MSGSU, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, The Institute of Science, Faculty of Architecture, Building Design, Istanbul, Türkiye. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[22] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Merlin, P., (1991), Les Villes Nouvelles en France, PUF., Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[23] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Doğrusöz, U., (2016), Interview, Istanbul, 2016. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[24] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Horne J. R., (2002), A Social Laboratory for Modern France, Durham & Duke University Press, London. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[25] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Sellier, H., (1998), Une Cité Pour Tous, Edition de Linteau, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[26] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Guerrand, R., H., (2010), Les Origines de Logement Sociale en France, 1850-1914, Edition De LaVillette, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[27] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Baratucci, C., (2006), Le Zoning Dans l'Urbanisme Italien et Francais du XX. Siecle, Urbanisme, Septembre-Octobre, 2006, N. 344. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[28] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Stébé, J., M., (1998), Le Logement Sociale en France, Que Sais-je?, PUF. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[29] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Bruant, C., (2011), Eugene Henard, Paquot, Thierry, Les Faiseur De Villes, İnfolie Editions, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[30] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Le Corbusier, (1980), Urbanisme, Champs Arts, Édition Arthaud, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[31] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Ragon, M., (1986), Histoire de l'Architecture et de l'urbanisme Modernes, 2. Naissance de la Cité Moderne 1900-1940, Casterman, Paris. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[32] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Smithers, R. (2012), “Britain Industrial Cities Turns Into Tourism Powerhouses”, The Guardian, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/may/03/britain-industrial-cities-tourism-powerhouses" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/may/03/britain-industrial-cities-tourism-powerhouses <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> Achieved, September, 22, 2023. </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[33] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Wayback Machine, Internet Archives, (2013), “Garden Cities”, Accessed, August 20, 2023. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="http://www.tcp+a.org.uk/pages/gardencities,the+Wayback+Machine+at+Town+and+Country+Planning+Association" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> http://www.tcp+a.org.uk/pages/gardencities,the+Wayback+Machine+at+Town+and+Country+Planning+Association <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[34] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Letchwork Decleration, (2013), Published by The Garden Cities Alliance Community Interest Company, Accessed, September 27, 2023, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://gardencities.info/the-letchworth-declaration" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://gardencities.info/the-letchworth-declaration <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[35] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Yves, C., Ross, P., (2015). 21st Century Garden Cities of To-morrow: A manifesto. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-291-47827-3. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[36] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> The Telegraph Archive, (2016), "Ebbsfleet: Britain's first new garden city". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2016-09-20. Accessed, June, 25, 2023. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[37] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> BBC News, (2014), Bicester chosen as new garden city with 13,000 homes". BBC News. 2 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-07-17. Accessed, August 1, 2023. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[38] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> UK Government Archives, (2016), “The graden Cities”, The National Archives, Accessed, August 25, 2023. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/webarchive" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/webarchive <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[39] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> McCann, K., (2017). "New garden towns and villages to provide 200,000 homes to ease housing shortage". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Accessed, October, 12, 2023. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/02/new-garden-towns-villages-provide-200000-homes-ease-housing" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/01/02/new-garden-towns-villages-provide-200000-homes-ease-housing <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[40] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Coskun, H. (2021), “The Housing Models for Green Architecture; The Come-Back of Garden-Cities First Known As Bank-Houses in Istanbul”, International Conference, GU, Green Architecture, 5th Edition, 06-07 December 2021, Rome La Sapienza University, Rome, ITALY. Published by Axel-Springer, Switzerland. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[41] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Pérouse, J-F., (2014), “Sustainable Development in Istanbul: A Disrupted, Partial and Opportunistic Implementation”, New Istanbul Studies, Metis, First Publication. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[42] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Habitat III, (2016). The United Nations Conference of Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, 17-20 October, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://habitat3.org/" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://habitat3.org/ <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> Accessed September 15, 2021. </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[43] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Müller, S. & Mattisek, A., (2018), “Green City: Explorations and Visions of Urban Sustainability”, RCC Perspectives, No. 1, p. 5-14. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[44] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Bauer & Melosi, (2012), Cities and Environment, Wiley Online, <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118279519.ch20" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118279519.ch20 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[45] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Schuyler, D. (2002), From Garden City to Green City: The Legacy of Ebenezer Howard, Published By, Johns Hopkins. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[46] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hidalgo, A., Clover M., Koike Y., and De Lille, P, (2017), “Cities Have the Boldest Plans to Deliver a Sustainable Future.” Financial Times, 23 January 2017. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/48219076-525f-11e6-befd" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.ft.com/content/48219076-525f-11e6-befd <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[47] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> United Nations, (2021), Conference Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20–22 June 2012. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[48] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Smith, M., (2021), “Transformation of the Welwyn Garden City Town, Center Spot The Begin”, Hertslife.com </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[49] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hertslife, (2021), “Transfomation of Welwyn Garden City”, Accessed September 2, 2021. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.hertfordshiremercury.co.uk/news/hertfordshire-news/transformation-welwyn-garden-city-town-5603085" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.hertfordshiremercury.co.uk/news/hertfordshire-news/transformation-welwyn-garden-city-town-5603085 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[50] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> The Times, (1948), Saturday, 3 January 1948, p. 5. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[51] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Bilsel, C., (2010), “Henri Prost's Istanbul Planning (1936-1951), Structural Transformation of the City with Master Plans and Urban Operations from the Capital, from the Empire to the Modern City of the Republic”, Henri Prost Istanbul Planning, (1936-1951), IAE., Istanbul. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[52] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Hürriyethaber, (2021), “The Contractors Focused on More Sustainable Plannings”, Accessed, February, 2021. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/muteahhitler-surdurulebilir-sehirlere-odaklandi-41934020" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/muteahhitler-surdurulebilir-sehirlere-odaklandi-41934020 <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[53] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Coskun, H., (2022), “Sustainability, and Post-Covid 19 Era, Changing Housing Design and Models in the Cities and Istanbul”, CCSE, Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability, 2<sup>ndt</sup> Edition, 09-10 November, CONGQUING University, CHINA, On-Line Conference. </td> </tr> <tr class="References"> <td>[54] </td> <td style="word-break: break-word;"> Ashton, J., Grey, P., Barnard, K.,. (1986) “” Health Promotion International, 1(3): 319-324, 1986. Achieved October, 17, 2023. <p class="doi_link"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_city" class="normal_link" target="_blank"> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_city <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="cite_this_article" style="margin-bottom: 20px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Cite This Article</div> <div class="cite_article"> <div class="mt-tabpage" js-tab="2"> <div class="mt-tabpage-title"> <a class="mt-tabpage-item mt-tabpage-item-cur">Plain Text</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">BibTeX</a> <a class="mt-tabpage-item">RIS</a> </div> <div class="mt-tabpage-count"> <ul class="mt-tabpage-cont__wrap"> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">APA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info apa-copy-src">Coskun, H. (2024). From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications</i>, <i>10</i>(4), 64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-src" href="javascript:;" ><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-src">Coskun, H. From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl.</i> <b>2024</b>, <i>10</i>(4), 64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-src">Coskun H. From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>Int J Archit Arts Appl</i>. 2024;10(4):64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-src main_content_citetext">@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11, author = {Hülya Coskun}, title = {From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today }, journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {64-75}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, abstract = {This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like cité-jardins in France and Garten-stadts in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, cité-parc, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. }, year = {2024} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.bib", '.bib-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-src main_content_citetext">TY - JOUR T1 - From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today AU - Hülya Coskun Y1 - 2024/10/10 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 T2 - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JF - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JO - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications SP - 64 EP - 75 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2472-1131 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 AB - This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like cité-jardins in France and Garten-stadts in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, cité-parc, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.ris", '.ris-copy-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="author_information" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 50px;"> <div class="Heading1" style="margin-bottom: 26px;">Author Information</div> <div class="author_information"> <ul> <li> <div class="author_info"> <p class="article_author_name">Hülya Coskun</p> <p class="Affiliation">Faculty of Architecture, Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Türkiye</p> <div class="contact_info"> <input type="hidden" class="person-id" value="10730385"> <p><img src="/img/email_icon.png"><a 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(2024). From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications</i>, <i>10</i>(4), 64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="apa-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".apa-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.apa.txt", '.apa-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">ACS Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info acs-copy-pop-src">Coskun, H. From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl.</i> <b>2024</b>, <i>10</i>(4), 64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="acs-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".acs-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.acs.txt", '.acs-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> <div class="cite_type_puple"> <p class="cite_type_item">AMA Style</p> <p class="cite_type_info ama-copy-pop-src">Coskun H. From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today. <i>Int J Archit Arts Appl</i>. 2024;10(4):64-75. <a href='https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11'>doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11</a></p> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ama-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ama-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.ama.txt", '.ama-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text bib-copy-pop-src">@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11, author = {Hülya Coskun}, title = {From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today }, journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pages = {64-75}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11}, abstract = {This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like cité-jardins in France and Garten-stadts in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, cité-parc, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. }, year = {2024} } </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="bib-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".bib-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.bib", '.bib-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> <li class="mt-tabpage-item puple_cite"> <div class="tab_div"> <pre _ngcontent-anj-c150="" class="text ris-text ris-copy-pop-src">TY - JOUR T1 - From Modern Ideas-Theories, and Pandemic, Garden-Cities of To-Morrow, and Today AU - Hülya Coskun Y1 - 2024/10/10 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 T2 - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JF - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JO - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications SP - 64 EP - 75 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2472-1131 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20241004.11 AB - This research delves into the come-back of the garden-cities in the wake of recent pandemic changed urban dynamics and reshaping cities, particularly Istanbul. At the onset of the 20th century, E. Howard's book on Garden-cities of To-morrow and his idealized garden-city models gained global prominence. The Pandemic led to people to rethink their living and working conditions and patterns in a way that had not been considered before. Thus, with the regulations imposed by the pandemic, the people began to look for an airier, and greener lifestyle in nature. Initially in the popularized cities in the late-20th century, first innovative housing models resurfaced on the urban agenda in the context of climate-change concerns, green architecture, and sustainable design. While architectural and urban planning changes have historically revolved around innovative housing models driven by sustainability, the impact of COVID-19 prompted a renewed focus on these old models. The pandemic's effects surpassed initial expectations, became nearly permanent leading people to question old planning theories and the metropolitan life model imposed throughout the 20th century. Presently, with growing awareness of green architecture and renewed interest in historical concepts, E. Howard's garden-city model was the previous century’s phenomenal idea have recently come-back and unexpectedly regained attention following the recent pandemic. These models, widely recognized as English garden-city models in Europe, also found prevalence under different terms like cité-jardins in France and Garten-stadts in Germany. In Istanbul, the model was introduced by European, French, and Italian architects, adapting creating unique model for city, cité-parc, (park-city) Bosphorus-Heights by French architect-urbanist Henri Prost. According to the findings of case-study focused specifically in Istanbul, it is achieved that another unique model a healthy-city concept emerged during the pandemic as a novel derivative of E. Howard’s old garden-city model originally. Consequently, this study proves that not only come-back of the old garden-city models, but also it is possible to their adaptability within contemporary urban agendas, considering such as sustainability and pandemics. VL - 10 IS - 4 ER - </pre> <p class="cite_operation"> <span><a class="ris-copy-pop copy-el" data-clipboard-action="copy" data-clipboard-target=".ris-copy-pop-src" href="javascript:;"><img src="/img/copy_icon.png">Copy</a></span> <span class="line">|</span> <span><a href="javascript:;" onclick="spgCommon.bindDownloadDataFromEl("10.11648.j.ijaaa.20241004.11.ris", '.ris-copy-pop-src')"><img src="/img/download_icon.png">Download</a></span> </p> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-dismiss="modal">Cancel</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal fade" id="downloadValidationModal" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="exampleModalScrollableTitle" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-dialog-scrollable modal-lg modal-dialog-centered"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title">Verification Code</h5> <button type="button" class="close" 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