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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">History of Political Violence</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">13,690 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>History of Political Violence</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/History_of_Political_Violence">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39933055" data-work_id="39933055" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39933055/SIMONA_MORI_Polizia_e_statualit%C3%A0_nel_primo_Ottocento_lesperienza_lombardo_veneta_e_la_cultura_professionale_italiana_Soveria_Mannelli_Rubbettino_2017_in_Societ%C3%A0_e_Storia_164_2019_Milano_Franco_Angeli_pp_407_409">SIMONA MORI, Polizia e statualità nel primo Ottocento: l'esperienza lombardo-veneta e la cultura professionale italiana, Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2017 - in "Società e Storia", 164/2019, Milano, Franco Angeli, pp. 407-409</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">SIMONA MORI, Polizia e statualità nel primo Ottocento: l'esperienza lombardoveneta e la cultura professionale italiana, Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2017, 274 p. Il percorso attraverso cui si snoda il libro di Simona Mori è quello delle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39933055" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">SIMONA MORI, Polizia e statualità nel primo Ottocento: l'esperienza lombardoveneta e la cultura professionale italiana, Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2017, 274 p. Il percorso attraverso cui si snoda il libro di Simona Mori è quello delle istituzioni di polizia del Lombardo-Veneto dalla restaurazione del regime asburgo-lorenese all'annessione al Regno di Sardegna nel 1859. Si tratta del risultato di una serie di riflessioni e indagini condotte dall'autrice «in alcuni cantieri nel corso di diversi anni» (p. 7) e che vanno ad arricchire con un importante contributo la collana curata da Livio Antonielli e dedicata alle tematiche del controllo del territorio dal medioevo all'età contemporanea («Stato, Esercito e Controllo del Territorio»).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39933055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40c0de2e6414c5335de9f2dbd20675ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60506067,"asset_id":39933055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60506067/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35664998" href="https://unipd.academia.edu/AndreaAzzarelli">Andrea Azzarelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35664998" type="text/json">{"id":35664998,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Azzarelli","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"AndreaAzzarelli","display_name":"Andrea Azzarelli","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/AndreaAzzarelli?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35664998/10335912/36272249/s65_andrea.azzarelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39933055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39933055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39933055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39933055", }); 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Il percorso attraverso cui si snoda il libro di Simona Mori è quello delle istituzioni di polizia del Lombardo-Veneto dalla restaurazione del regime asburgo-lorenese all'annessione al Regno di Sardegna nel 1859. Si tratta del risultato di una serie di riflessioni e indagini condotte dall'autrice «in alcuni cantieri nel corso di diversi anni» (p. 7) e che vanno ad arricchire con un importante contributo la collana curata da Livio Antonielli e dedicata alle tematiche del controllo del territorio dal medioevo all'età contemporanea («Stato, Esercito e Controllo del Territorio»).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60506067,"asset_id":39933055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35664998,"first_name":"Andrea","last_name":"Azzarelli","domain_name":"unipd","page_name":"AndreaAzzarelli","display_name":"Andrea Azzarelli","profile_url":"https://unipd.academia.edu/AndreaAzzarelli?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35664998/10335912/36272249/s65_andrea.azzarelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3516,"name":"Contemporary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":9676,"name":"Political Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Institutions?f_ri=7980"},{"id":80016,"name":"Police and Policing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_and_Policing?f_ri=7980"},{"id":99471,"name":"Venice and the Veneto","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venice_and_the_Veneto?f_ri=7980"},{"id":104797,"name":"Histoire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":108169,"name":"Police studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":168613,"name":"Policing and Police Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policing_and_Police_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":316793,"name":"History of Political Institutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Institutions?f_ri=7980"},{"id":424185,"name":"Storia Contemporanea","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_Contemporanea?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1290275,"name":"Impero Asburgico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impero_Asburgico?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2047533,"name":"Storia della Polizia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storia_della_Polizia?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34751540 coauthored" data-work_id="34751540" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34751540/Islamist_Violent_Extremism_A_New_Form_of_Conflict_or_Business_as_Usual">Islamist Violent Extremism: A New Form of Conflict or Business as Usual?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Islamist violent extremist (IVE) groups are frequently involved in civil conflicts. Indeed, some groups owe their origins to conflict, and tens of thousands of Islamists have chosen to participate in conflicts taking place in foreign... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34751540" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Islamist violent extremist (IVE) groups are frequently involved in civil conflicts. Indeed, some groups owe their origins to conflict, and tens of thousands of Islamists have chosen to participate in conflicts taking place in foreign countries in the past 35 years. Increasingly, IVE groups appear to have the capacity to influence the conflicts they are involved in, and are influenced in turn by their experiences. As a result, for those working on conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction, the involvement of IVE groups raises questions of whether traditional responses remain adequate. Drawing on three country case studies – Nigeria, Kenya and Iraq/Syria, this article examines the similarities and differences between IVE groups and other conflict actors, and what this means for development, state-building and peacebuilding responses.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34751540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bfa76a328abd1a41f7c62c9bf9d0bb6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54609845,"asset_id":34751540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54609845/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1067724" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/ThomasMaguire">Thomas Maguire</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1067724" type="text/json">{"id":1067724,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Maguire","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"ThomasMaguire","display_name":"Thomas Maguire","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/ThomasMaguire?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1067724/369199/54829889/s65_thomas.maguire.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34751540">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34751540"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WinterbothamEmily">Emily Winterbotham</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34751540'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34751540').html(); 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Drawing on three country case studies – Nigeria, Kenya and Iraq/Syria, this article examines the similarities and differences between IVE groups and other conflict actors, and what this means for development, state-building and peacebuilding responses.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54609845,"asset_id":34751540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1067724,"first_name":"Thomas","last_name":"Maguire","domain_name":"leidenuni","page_name":"ThomasMaguire","display_name":"Thomas Maguire","profile_url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/ThomasMaguire?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1067724/369199/54829889/s65_thomas.maguire.jpg"},{"id":30082424,"first_name":"Emily","last_name":"Winterbotham","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WinterbothamEmily","display_name":"Emily 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39727439/Viol%C3%AAncia_Pol%C3%ADtica_na_I_Rep%C3%BAblica_mem%C3%B3ria_e_historiografia">Violência Política na I República: memória e historiografia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Relações luso -brasileiras nas vésperas da República 11 Eduardo C. Cordeiro Gonçalves concretização de vários tratados e acordos sistematicamente ventilados em alturas de maior "zelo" luso -brasileiro, mas mais uma vez adiados. Em janeiro... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39727439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Relações luso -brasileiras nas vésperas da República 11 Eduardo C. Cordeiro Gonçalves concretização de vários tratados e acordos sistematicamente ventilados em alturas de maior "zelo" luso -brasileiro, mas mais uma vez adiados. Em janeiro de 1923, a Gazeta da Relação de Lisboa anunciou mais três propostas de acordos entre os dois países que, embora assinados, nunca foram aplicados. Entre as questões recorrentemente adiadas estavam as da emigração, da múltipla nacionalidade, do serviço militar, do trabalho e proteção literária para os autores, sendo este último preparado por Jaime Cortesão e João de Barros e ratificado em 1924. Em suma, a aproximação luso -brasileira na década de 20 é matizada pela marca cultural, caminho amplamente aprofundado ao longo da década seguinte. Deste modo, as nossas relações com o Brasil contribuíram sobremaneira para uma "nova consciência portuguesa" em terras de Vera Cruz. Em seu torno foi acalentada uma ideia da herança da cultura lusíada na sua própria cultura e na cooperação entre os dois Estados, de que dá nota, nomeadamente, a monumental obra do hoje controverso Gilberto Freyre, que apresentou um novo conceito de "lusotropicalismo" patente nos livros Casa Grande e Senzala e O Mundo que o português criou (1940), defendendo, então, o fermentar de uma cultura luso -brasileira como elemento singular da vida dos dois Estados Novos. Bibliogafia GONÇALVES, Eduardo C. Cordeiro, 1995 -Ressonâncias em Portugal da implantação da República no Brasil (1889 -1895). Porto: Universidade do Porto. MAGALHÃES, José Calvet de, 1997 -Relance histórico das relações diplomáticas luso -brasileiras. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores. VIEIRA, Nelson, 1991 -Brasil e Portugal: a imagem recíproca. Lisboa: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa. Violência política na I República: memória e historiografia Miguel Dias Santos</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39727439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="70476ea2387d9a71eeab139b45568750" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59904573,"asset_id":39727439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59904573/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1838825" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/MiguelSantos2">Miguel A D Santos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1838825" type="text/json">{"id":1838825,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"MiguelSantos2","display_name":"Miguel A D Santos","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/MiguelSantos2?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1838825/626092/776700/s65_miguel.santos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39727439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39727439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39727439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39727439", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39727439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39727439; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_39727439"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_39727439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="39727439"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 39727439; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=39727439]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_39727439").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39727439").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39727439"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39727439]'), work: {"id":39727439,"title":"Violência Política na I República: memória e historiografia","created_at":"2019-07-01T02:35:05.928-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39727439/Viol%C3%AAncia_Pol%C3%ADtica_na_I_Rep%C3%BAblica_mem%C3%B3ria_e_historiografia?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_39727439","summary":"Relações luso -brasileiras nas vésperas da República 11 Eduardo C. Cordeiro Gonçalves concretização de vários tratados e acordos sistematicamente ventilados em alturas de maior \"zelo\" luso -brasileiro, mas mais uma vez adiados. Em janeiro de 1923, a Gazeta da Relação de Lisboa anunciou mais três propostas de acordos entre os dois países que, embora assinados, nunca foram aplicados. Entre as questões recorrentemente adiadas estavam as da emigração, da múltipla nacionalidade, do serviço militar, do trabalho e proteção literária para os autores, sendo este último preparado por Jaime Cortesão e João de Barros e ratificado em 1924. Em suma, a aproximação luso -brasileira na década de 20 é matizada pela marca cultural, caminho amplamente aprofundado ao longo da década seguinte. Deste modo, as nossas relações com o Brasil contribuíram sobremaneira para uma \"nova consciência portuguesa\" em terras de Vera Cruz. Em seu torno foi acalentada uma ideia da herança da cultura lusíada na sua própria cultura e na cooperação entre os dois Estados, de que dá nota, nomeadamente, a monumental obra do hoje controverso Gilberto Freyre, que apresentou um novo conceito de \"lusotropicalismo\" patente nos livros Casa Grande e Senzala e O Mundo que o português criou (1940), defendendo, então, o fermentar de uma cultura luso -brasileira como elemento singular da vida dos dois Estados Novos. Bibliogafia GONÇALVES, Eduardo C. Cordeiro, 1995 -Ressonâncias em Portugal da implantação da República no Brasil (1889 -1895). Porto: Universidade do Porto. MAGALHÃES, José Calvet de, 1997 -Relance histórico das relações diplomáticas luso -brasileiras. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores. VIEIRA, Nelson, 1991 -Brasil e Portugal: a imagem recíproca. Lisboa: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa. Violência política na I República: memória e historiografia Miguel Dias Santos","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59904573,"asset_id":39727439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1838825,"first_name":"Miguel","last_name":"Santos","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"MiguelSantos2","display_name":"Miguel A D Santos","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/MiguelSantos2?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1838825/626092/776700/s65_miguel.santos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34096389 coauthored" data-work_id="34096389" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34096389/Oltre_il_1945_Violenza_conflitto_sociale_Oltre_il_1945_Violenza_conflitto_sociale_ordine_pubblico_nel_dopoguerra_europeo_a_cura_di_Enrico_Acciai_Guido_Panvini_Camilla_Poesio_Toni_Rovatti_Roma_Viella_2017">Oltre il 1945 Violenza, conflitto sociale, Oltre il 1945. Violenza, conflitto sociale, ordine pubblico nel dopoguerra europeo, a cura di Enrico Acciai, Guido Panvini, Camilla Poesio, Toni Rovatti, Roma, Viella 2017</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">La seconda guerra mondiale concluse una lunga stagione di conflittualità politica, militare e sociale. Eppure al termine delle ostilità le esperienze, le culture, le pratiche della violenza furono lungi dal cessare in Italia come in molti... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34096389" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">La seconda guerra mondiale concluse una lunga stagione di conflittualità politica, militare e sociale. Eppure al termine delle ostilità le esperienze, le culture, le pratiche della violenza furono lungi dal cessare in Italia come in molti paesi europei. Comportamenti dettati dall’inerzia e nuove aggressività, vendette a lungo covate, aspettative deluse, rivendicazioni antiche e rinnovati antagonismi, nuovi focolai di guerra civile sfociarono in pratiche violente radicate durante il conflitto, ma riattivate nelle forme e nei contenuti dal contesto della guerra fredda e dalla difficile transizione verso la democrazia che segnò il dopoguerra europeo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34096389" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed0158a26ab2b16784708cdb3747fc34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54028619,"asset_id":34096389,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54028619/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6631188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ViellaLibreriaEditrice">Viella Editrice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6631188" type="text/json">{"id":6631188,"first_name":"Viella","last_name":"Editrice","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ViellaLibreriaEditrice","display_name":"Viella Editrice","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ViellaLibreriaEditrice?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6631188/2856957/35685004/s65_viella.editrice.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-34096389">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-34096389"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unive.academia.edu/camillapoesio">Camilla Poesio</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-34096389'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-34096389').html(); 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Comportamenti dettati dall’inerzia e nuove aggressività, vendette a lungo covate, aspettative deluse, rivendicazioni antiche e rinnovati antagonismi, nuovi focolai di guerra civile sfociarono in pratiche violente radicate durante il conflitto, ma riattivate nelle forme e nei contenuti dal contesto della guerra fredda e dalla difficile transizione verso la democrazia che segnò il dopoguerra europeo. 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The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3378079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examines the role of political factors in attitudes toward World War II in contemporary Ukraine. The question under examination is which factors determine public views of the principal warring sides and their leaders in Ukraine. This paper uses a representative national survey specifically designed for this research project and conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in 2012. It analyzes the roles of regionalism, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, age, and sex in attitudes toward the Red Army, Soviet partisans, the German Army (Wehrmacht), and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) during the war, as well as toward the wartime leaders of the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and the UPA. The analysis of the survey data shows that regional values, political party preferences, ethnicity, language, and age have significant effects on views of the Soviet Army and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during the war and attitudes toward the wartime activities of Joseph Stalin and Roman Shukhevych. Public perceptions of the German Army and Adolf Hitler in Ukraine do not vary much across regions, political parties, and ethnic, language, age, and sex groups.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3378079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef61851a53ba7ebfbf893efd9dc256e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38565772,"asset_id":3378079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38565772/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3378079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3378079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3378079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3378079", }); 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u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8776021" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. <br />              The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. <br />          The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes. <br />            This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8776021" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a70c7c69f348450553838a33a3b2ed3e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55794502,"asset_id":8776021,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55794502/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8776021 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8776021"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8776021, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8776021", }); 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The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre. \r\n The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre. \r\n The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36520577/The_Violence_of_Democracy">The Violence of Democracy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper seeks to examine the relation between democracy and violence. It will first offer an historical overview of the emergence of democracy in relation to three major political events: the English civil war from 1640-1660; the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36520577" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper seeks to examine the relation between democracy and violence. It will first offer an historical overview of the emergence of democracy in relation to three major political events: the English civil war from 1640-1660; the American war of independence and the drafting of the Bill of Rights; and the French Revolution. It will propose that, apart from the fact that each of these struggles was marked by large-scale and protracted violence, they also shared a common discourse – the discourse of rights, understood proprietorially. The paper will argue that the emergence of democracy as articulated through this discourse of proprietorial rights was, in turn, closely related to the emergence of the contemporary form of the nation-state, and that, consequently, it is founded on a paradox: the discourse of the nation (or nationalism) has been historically an exclusivist one, while the discourse of democracy seeks, by definition, to be inclusive. It will argue that the colonial moment served on the one hand, to disseminate the discourses of nationalism and democracy; while on the other, it complicated the paradoxical relation between them further, when the discourse of rights (integral to both) often emphasized community rights over individual rights, at least in colonial South Asia. The contours of community, then and since, have been overwhelmingly determined by the personal law system and the communal patriarchates. Given that, this paper will argue that the tensions between the exclusivism of such communalisms and the inclusivism of the democratic discourse leads inevitably to the production of cultures of violence. It will conclude by questioning the sustainability of a rights-based understanding of democracy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36520577" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d975f8ca10c8b8482dbb15452ccf425" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56439178,"asset_id":36520577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56439178/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="344727" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/PKVijayan">Prem Kumar Vijayan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="344727" type="text/json">{"id":344727,"first_name":"Prem Kumar","last_name":"Vijayan","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"PKVijayan","display_name":"Prem Kumar Vijayan","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/PKVijayan?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344727/3308026/18009799/s65_p_k.vijayan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36520577 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36520577"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36520577, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36520577", }); 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It will first offer an historical overview of the emergence of democracy in relation to three major political events: the English civil war from 1640-1660; the American war of independence and the drafting of the Bill of Rights; and the French Revolution. It will propose that, apart from the fact that each of these struggles was marked by large-scale and protracted violence, they also shared a common discourse – the discourse of rights, understood proprietorially. The paper will argue that the emergence of democracy as articulated through this discourse of proprietorial rights was, in turn, closely related to the emergence of the contemporary form of the nation-state, and that, consequently, it is founded on a paradox: the discourse of the nation (or nationalism) has been historically an exclusivist one, while the discourse of democracy seeks, by definition, to be inclusive. It will argue that the colonial moment served on the one hand, to disseminate the discourses of nationalism and democracy; while on the other, it complicated the paradoxical relation between them further, when the discourse of rights (integral to both) often emphasized community rights over individual rights, at least in colonial South Asia. The contours of community, then and since, have been overwhelmingly determined by the personal law system and the communal patriarchates. Given that, this paper will argue that the tensions between the exclusivism of such communalisms and the inclusivism of the democratic discourse leads inevitably to the production of cultures of violence. It will conclude by questioning the sustainability of a rights-based understanding of democracy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56439178,"asset_id":36520577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":344727,"first_name":"Prem Kumar","last_name":"Vijayan","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"PKVijayan","display_name":"Prem Kumar Vijayan","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/PKVijayan?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/344727/3308026/18009799/s65_p_k.vijayan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1321,"name":"Sociology of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2933,"name":"Democratic 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Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30928501]'), work: {"id":30928501,"title":"El peso de la identidad Mitos y ritos de la historia 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nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basque_nationalism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":355174,"name":"PAIS VASCO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PAIS_VASCO?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33264066" data-work_id="33264066" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33264066/_2019_Cells_Communiqu%C3%A9s_and_Monikers_The_Insurrectionary_Networks_of_Anti_State_Attack">[2019] Cells, Communiqués & Monikers: The Insurrectionary Networks of Anti-State Attack</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Loadenthal, Michael. “Cells, Communiqués and Monikers: The Insurrectionary Networks of Anti-State Attack.” In Routledge Handbook of Radical Politics, edited by Uri Gordon and Ruth Kinna, 326–40. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. Abstract:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33264066" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Loadenthal, Michael. “Cells, Communiqués and Monikers: The Insurrectionary Networks of Anti-State Attack.” In Routledge Handbook of Radical Politics, edited by Uri Gordon and Ruth Kinna, 326–40. New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.<br /><br />Abstract:<br />Spanning over a century, the insurrectionary spirit of anarchism has been on the forefront<br />of direct, unmediated attacks on the state and capital. Insurrectionary praxis is based on an ethic of informality, clandestinity and temporality, and as a result, its cells exist in secret only as long as deemed necessary for a particular action. Unlike social movement organisations and above-ground campaigns, the cells that populate the insurrectionary milieu are not something to ‘belong to’ but something to ‘act through’; a momentary assemblage of likeminded individuals united for a particular attack by voluntary association and through shared affinity.<br /><br />While the modern cell networks gained visibly in Europe around the millennium,<br />their rapid replication has led to similarly styled formations in dozens of countries from the Americas to Asia. This franchised replication is aided by the use of adoptable monikers – static labels used to associate an attack with others, and to ideologically tag them as insurrectionary. Oftentimes, these are acronyms whose names communicate the politics of the attackers, such as the Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI), Conspiracy of Cells of Fire (CCF), International Revolutionary Front (IRF) as well as older, not explicitly insurrectionary monikers such as the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF). The use of moniker-linked attacks, which form into a campaign of sorts, is a distinctive feature of the insurrectionary cells. For example, in June 2013, a Greek of the FAI cell bombed a vehicle belonging to a prison director overseeing the incarceration of comrades. This attack marked ‘act one’ of the Phoenix Project, and would be followed by thirteen additional attacks, spanning eight countries out over a twelve-month period. The Phoenix Project highlights the strength of the adoptable moniker, as through its usage, an arson targeting an Indonesian hotel and the sabotage of Italian fuel pumps can be united into a shared, global effort, and not understood as disparate acts of lone wolves. This chapter will explore how the insurrectionary anarchist networks utilise the cell model, the communiqué and the adoptable moniker to allow for the creation of a globally dispersed, decentralised, open involvement movement united in its rejection of capitalism, the state and those who would seek to control it.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33264066" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7f62b754aa48f292a1bf4ca8e1b134f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59676289,"asset_id":33264066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59676289/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="885766" href="https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal">Michael Loadenthal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="885766" type="text/json">{"id":885766,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Loadenthal","domain_name":"uc","page_name":"Loadenthal","display_name":"Michael Loadenthal","profile_url":"https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885766/322613/61153367/s65_michael.loadenthal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33264066 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33264066"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33264066, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33264066", }); 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New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.\n\nAbstract:\nSpanning over a century, the insurrectionary spirit of anarchism has been on the forefront\nof direct, unmediated attacks on the state and capital. Insurrectionary praxis is based on an ethic of informality, clandestinity and temporality, and as a result, its cells exist in secret only as long as deemed necessary for a particular action. Unlike social movement organisations and above-ground campaigns, the cells that populate the insurrectionary milieu are not something to ‘belong to’ but something to ‘act through’; a momentary assemblage of likeminded individuals united for a particular attack by voluntary association and through shared affinity.\n\nWhile the modern cell networks gained visibly in Europe around the millennium,\ntheir rapid replication has led to similarly styled formations in dozens of countries from the Americas to Asia. This franchised replication is aided by the use of adoptable monikers – static labels used to associate an attack with others, and to ideologically tag them as insurrectionary. Oftentimes, these are acronyms whose names communicate the politics of the attackers, such as the Informal Anarchist Federation (FAI), Conspiracy of Cells of Fire (CCF), International Revolutionary Front (IRF) as well as older, not explicitly insurrectionary monikers such as the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF). The use of moniker-linked attacks, which form into a campaign of sorts, is a distinctive feature of the insurrectionary cells. For example, in June 2013, a Greek of the FAI cell bombed a vehicle belonging to a prison director overseeing the incarceration of comrades. This attack marked ‘act one’ of the Phoenix Project, and would be followed by thirteen additional attacks, spanning eight countries out over a twelve-month period. The Phoenix Project highlights the strength of the adoptable moniker, as through its usage, an arson targeting an Indonesian hotel and the sabotage of Italian fuel pumps can be united into a shared, global effort, and not understood as disparate acts of lone wolves. This chapter will explore how the insurrectionary anarchist networks utilise the cell model, the communiqué and the adoptable moniker to allow for the creation of a globally dispersed, decentralised, open involvement movement united in its rejection of capitalism, the state and those who would seek to control it.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59676289,"asset_id":33264066,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":885766,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Loadenthal","domain_name":"uc","page_name":"Loadenthal","display_name":"Michael Loadenthal","profile_url":"https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885766/322613/61153367/s65_michael.loadenthal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4375,"name":"Social Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movement?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4952,"name":"Anarchism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarchism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7230,"name":"Anarchist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarchist_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":9469,"name":"History of Anarchism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Anarchism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10314,"name":"Social Movements (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements_Political_Science_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=7980"},{"id":70358,"name":"Protest Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest_Movements?f_ri=7980"},{"id":81820,"name":"Social protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_protests?f_ri=7980"},{"id":95854,"name":"Critical Terrorism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Terrorism_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":126406,"name":"Protest and resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest_and_resistance?f_ri=7980"},{"id":179270,"name":"Terrorism and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36610509" data-work_id="36610509" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36610509/La_mediatizaci%C3%B3n_del_atentado_a_trav%C3%A9s_de_tres_ejemplos_del_siglo_XX_1914_1944_y_1963">La mediatización del atentado a través de tres ejemplos del siglo XX: 1914, 1944 y 1963</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">During the past decades, the assassination attempt has been treated from different disciplines. Nevertheless, the mediatization of the assassination attempt or its treatment in images and audiovisual media has been widely neglected.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36610509" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">During the past decades, the assassination attempt has been treated from different disciplines. Nevertheless, the mediatization of the assassination attempt or its treatment in images and audiovisual media has been widely neglected. Starting from a triptych applicable to 19th century tyrannicides and articulated by the assassination performance, the perpetrator’s arrest and, finally, his punishment, we aim at verifying to what extent this model fits into 20th-century assassination attempts. For this reason, three key assassinations will be considered. First, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, perpetrated by Serbian nationalists, and which would lead to WWI. Second, the failed attempt on 20 July 1944 against Adolf Hitler in the Wolfsschanze; a plot in which many high rank officers of the Wehrmacht were involved. As third example, we will focus on John F. Kennedy’s assassination in <br />Dallas, on 22 November 1963, reputed to Lee H. Oswald.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36610509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7acdf057293d7d14e57c619136ee1be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56539830,"asset_id":36610509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56539830/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4465728" href="https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/Mois%C3%A9sPrieto">Moisés Prieto</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4465728" type="text/json">{"id":4465728,"first_name":"Moisés","last_name":"Prieto","domain_name":"unibe-ch2","page_name":"MoisésPrieto","display_name":"Moisés Prieto","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/Mois%C3%A9sPrieto?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4465728/1829074/19769627/s65_mois_s.prieto.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36610509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36610509"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36610509, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36610509", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36610509]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36610509").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36610509").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36610509"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography">Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="869" type="text/json">{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_and_Media">Violence & Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2208" type="text/json">{"id":2208,"name":"Violence \u0026 Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_and_Media?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2852" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative">Narrative</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2852" type="text/json">{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36610509]'), work: {"id":36610509,"title":"La mediatización del atentado a través de tres ejemplos del siglo XX:\r\n1914, 1944 y 1963","created_at":"2018-05-11T05:32:09.435-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36610509/La_mediatizaci%C3%B3n_del_atentado_a_trav%C3%A9s_de_tres_ejemplos_del_siglo_XX_1914_1944_y_1963?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_36610509","summary":"During the past decades, the assassination attempt has been treated from different disciplines. Nevertheless, the mediatization of the assassination attempt or its treatment in images and audiovisual media has been widely neglected. Starting from a triptych applicable to 19th century tyrannicides and articulated by the assassination performance, the perpetrator’s arrest and, finally, his punishment, we aim at verifying to what extent this model fits into 20th-century assassination attempts. For this reason, three key assassinations will be considered. First, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, perpetrated by Serbian nationalists, and which would lead to WWI. Second, the failed attempt on 20 July 1944 against Adolf Hitler in the Wolfsschanze; a plot in which many high rank officers of the Wehrmacht were involved. As third example, we will focus on John F. Kennedy’s assassination in\r\nDallas, on 22 November 1963, reputed to Lee H. Oswald.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56539830,"asset_id":36610509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4465728,"first_name":"Moisés","last_name":"Prieto","domain_name":"unibe-ch2","page_name":"MoisésPrieto","display_name":"Moisés Prieto","profile_url":"https://unibe-ch2.academia.edu/Mois%C3%A9sPrieto?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4465728/1829074/19769627/s65_mois_s.prieto.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2208,"name":"Violence \u0026 Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_and_Media?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2972,"name":"Media History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4487,"name":"Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10995,"name":"Political Assassinations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Assassinations?f_ri=7980"},{"id":15575,"name":"20th century (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_century_History_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":19332,"name":"19th Century (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/19th_Century_History_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":20742,"name":"The Age of Revolutions in the Atlantic World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Age_of_Revolutions_in_the_Atlantic_World?f_ri=7980"},{"id":23466,"name":"French Revolution and Napoleon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution_and_Napoleon?f_ri=7980"},{"id":31870,"name":"Iconology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=7980"},{"id":80944,"name":"Mediatization (Communication Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mediatization_Communication_Studies_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":87883,"name":"Adolf Hitler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolf_Hitler?f_ri=7980"},{"id":91865,"name":"Iconography and Iconology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography_and_Iconology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":123252,"name":"John F. Kennedy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_F._Kennedy?f_ri=7980"},{"id":126144,"name":"Iconografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":260097,"name":"Napoleonic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napoleonic_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":415905,"name":"Kennedy Assassination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kennedy_Assassination?f_ri=7980"},{"id":469791,"name":"Bourbon Restoration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bourbon_Restoration?f_ri=7980"},{"id":590932,"name":"Napoléon III","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Napol%C3%A9on_III?f_ri=7980"},{"id":632155,"name":"Charlotte Corday","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Charlotte_Corday?f_ri=7980"},{"id":885462,"name":"Louis-Philippe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louis-Philippe?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1815955,"name":"Das Attentat von Sarajevo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Das_Attentat_von_Sarajevo?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2490142,"name":"attentati","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attentati?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37274850" data-work_id="37274850" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37274850/Radicalization_in_Prison_Historical_Lessons_for_Today_s_Challenges">Radicalization in Prison: Historical Lessons for Today’s Challenges</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">All too often, media outlets report on young men who entered Western European prisons as petty criminals and, over time, radicalized, eventually conducting terrorist attacks in the name of ISIS. Today, prisons are viewed as one of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37274850" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">All too often, media outlets report on young men who entered Western European prisons as petty criminals and, over time, radicalized, eventually conducting terrorist attacks in the name of ISIS. Today, prisons are viewed as one of the primary areas of terrorist recruitment in Europe, but this has not always been the case. Merely two decades ago, paramilitary activists deradicalized in Northern Irish prisons, as IRA members transformed into active supporters of the Irish peace process. How did it work? And what can this historical case study teach us about confronting radicalization today?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37274850" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c2940d42497a8b67a31488edb89256f8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57229214,"asset_id":37274850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57229214/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13645045" href="https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/DieterReinisch">Dieter Reinisch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13645045" type="text/json">{"id":13645045,"first_name":"Dieter","last_name":"Reinisch","domain_name":"universityofgalway","page_name":"DieterReinisch","display_name":"Dieter Reinisch","profile_url":"https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/DieterReinisch?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13645045/3802937/29689330/s65_dieter.reinisch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37274850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37274850"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37274850, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37274850", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37274850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37274850; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37274850"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37274850 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37274850"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37274850; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37274850]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37274850").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37274850").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37274850"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1720" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism">International Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1720" type="text/json">{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37274850]'), work: {"id":37274850,"title":"Radicalization in Prison: Historical Lessons for Today’s Challenges","created_at":"2018-08-22T06:45:44.976-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37274850/Radicalization_in_Prison_Historical_Lessons_for_Today_s_Challenges?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_37274850","summary":"All too often, media outlets report on young men who entered Western European prisons as petty criminals and, over time, radicalized, eventually conducting terrorist attacks in the name of ISIS. Today, prisons are viewed as one of the primary areas of terrorist recruitment in Europe, but this has not always been the case. Merely two decades ago, paramilitary activists deradicalized in Northern Irish prisons, as IRA members transformed into active supporters of the Irish peace process. How did it work? And what can this historical case study teach us about confronting radicalization today?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57229214,"asset_id":37274850,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13645045,"first_name":"Dieter","last_name":"Reinisch","domain_name":"universityofgalway","page_name":"DieterReinisch","display_name":"Dieter Reinisch","profile_url":"https://universityofgalway.academia.edu/DieterReinisch?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13645045/3802937/29689330/s65_dieter.reinisch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12580,"name":"Prison Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prison_Education?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13120,"name":"Prisoners of War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners_of_War?f_ri=7980"},{"id":25870,"name":"Critical Prison Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Prison_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":26987,"name":"Sociology of prison life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_prison_life?f_ri=7980"},{"id":46567,"name":"History of prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_prisons?f_ri=7980"},{"id":50088,"name":"Punishment and Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punishment_and_Prisons?f_ri=7980"},{"id":51618,"name":"Prisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisons?f_ri=7980"},{"id":85529,"name":"Northern Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northern_Ireland?f_ri=7980"},{"id":95854,"name":"Critical Terrorism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Terrorism_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":177443,"name":"Northern Ireland and the Troubles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Northern_Ireland_and_the_Troubles?f_ri=7980"},{"id":179270,"name":"Terrorism and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":761870,"name":"Terrorism and Counterterrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Counterterrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":960598,"name":"Religious and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9586192" data-work_id="9586192" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9586192/_%E5%8F%B2%E7%9A%84%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B_%E8%A9%A9%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7_%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89_%E7%99%A5%E5%80%99%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E8%88%87%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%89%B5%E5%82%B7_The_Violence_of_History_the_Monopoly_of_the_Poetic_Literary_Testimony_Collective_Memory_and_Cultural_Trauma_in_Taiwanese_White_Terror_Literature_">〈史的暴力，詩的壟斷 ——台灣白色恐怖的文學見證、癥候閱讀與文化創傷〉（The Violence of History, the Monopoly of the Poetic: Literary Testimony, Collective Memory and Cultural Trauma in Taiwanese White Terror Literature）</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">「白色恐怖」之為一種國家暴力，是解嚴後台灣社會揮之不去的集體記憶，同時也顯露了種種創傷的癥候。本文有意自一個比較的視野出發，著眼於戰後創傷經驗的可比較性、以及東、西方「見證」觀的互譯性，期能透過挖掘台灣「白色恐怖見證文學」獨特的表現／癥候、同時部份借助文學或文化理論的介入，有效地檢視並解剖其敘事，覺察並梳理其繼承；一方面建立白色恐怖創傷敘事的公共意義，另方面探尋白色恐怖成為台灣社會「文化創傷」的可能基礎。... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9586192" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">「白色恐怖」之為一種國家暴力，是解嚴後台灣社會揮之不去的集體記憶，同時也顯露了種種創傷的癥候。本文有意自一個比較的視野出發，著眼於戰後創傷經驗的可比較性、以及東、西方「見證」觀的互譯性，期能透過挖掘台灣「白色恐怖見證文學」獨特的表現／癥候、同時部份借助文學或文化理論的介入，有效地檢視並解剖其敘事，覺察並梳理其繼承；一方面建立白色恐怖創傷敘事的公共意義，另方面探尋白色恐怖成為台灣社會「文化創傷」的可能基礎。<br /><br />本研究主要以四位具代表性的白色恐怖見證小說家相關作品為中心，首先取徑「癥候式閱讀」，企圖指出台灣白色恐怖見證小說中存在著的種種「闕現象」是值得論者「正視」的對象；據此歸納出數種典型的白色恐怖文學敘事，同時察覺「詩意」作為一種再現歷史暴力的途徑，在台灣白色恐怖見證小說中佔有了壟斷性的地位。本研究繼而透過考察其中以視覺為媒介再現的種種創傷癥候，在「見」或「不見」、「可見」或「不可見」的獨特視域、與辯證「觀點」中，追索了台灣白色恐怖見證小說擺盪在戰後西方「見證」觀的神聖性崇高、與中國魯迅「看客」觀的國民性創傷之間，一種特殊的視覺與暴力的聯繫；也作為了理解台灣白色恐怖見證小說中種種弔詭與矛盾來源的一種嘗試。最後，本研究透過「文化創傷」理論的介入，企圖指出從個人到集體、從創傷到文化創傷，在再現歷史、敘述創傷、記憶政治的社會過程中，文學敘事從過去到未來可能扮演的角色，以及可能達致的效果。</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13950" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory">Collective Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13950" type="text/json">{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22275" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_and_Trauma">Literature and Trauma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22275" type="text/json">{"id":22275,"name":"Literature and 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js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33263864/_2019_Othering_Terrorism_A_rhetorical_strategy_of_strategic_labeling">[2019] Othering Terrorism: A rhetorical strategy of strategic labeling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The term terrorism is as value-laden a descriptor as one will encounter in the contemporary period. Though it evokes a strong image of an Orientalist, colonized, brown body enacting brutal, theatrical violence from behind a balaclava, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33263864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term terrorism is as value-laden a descriptor as one will encounter in the contemporary period. Though it evokes a strong image of an Orientalist, colonized, brown body enacting brutal, theatrical violence from behind a balaclava, the term itself describes very little. The decision to label a particular act, individual, or movement as terroristic is more a discursive question of politics than means. In the post-9/11 era, state-level rhetoricians describe their ideological enemies that can be "othered" as terrorists, while some are considered extremists. In doing so, Muslim, Arab, Asian, African, and foreign-born advocates and practitioners of political violence are termed terrorists with near universality, while white, Christian, Westerners acting in the name of white supremacy, anti-abortion, and so-called patriot, or sovereign citizen movements are left largely outside of that taxonomy. Through an analysis of the film Black Hawk Down, jihadist-produced media designed for US audiences, media accounts of Boko Haram in Nigeria, and the framing of rightist violence, it is clear how violence is viewed positionally. Furthermore, these examples demonstrate how terrorism has been utilized as a defamatory label applied asymmetrically to some proponents of political violence-those brown and black lives existing in precarity who challenge discursive claims on violence, statehood, capital, and what are broadly understood to be Western values.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33263864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e1824917474f148c8cddf2a3b570cc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59902609,"asset_id":33263864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59902609/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="885766" href="https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal">Michael Loadenthal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="885766" type="text/json">{"id":885766,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Loadenthal","domain_name":"uc","page_name":"Loadenthal","display_name":"Michael Loadenthal","profile_url":"https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885766/322613/61153367/s65_michael.loadenthal.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33263864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33263864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33263864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33263864", }); 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Though it evokes a strong image of an Orientalist, colonized, brown body enacting brutal, theatrical violence from behind a balaclava, the term itself describes very little. The decision to label a particular act, individual, or movement as terroristic is more a discursive question of politics than means. In the post-9/11 era, state-level rhetoricians describe their ideological enemies that can be \"othered\" as terrorists, while some are considered extremists. In doing so, Muslim, Arab, Asian, African, and foreign-born advocates and practitioners of political violence are termed terrorists with near universality, while white, Christian, Westerners acting in the name of white supremacy, anti-abortion, and so-called patriot, or sovereign citizen movements are left largely outside of that taxonomy. Through an analysis of the film Black Hawk Down, jihadist-produced media designed for US audiences, media accounts of Boko Haram in Nigeria, and the framing of rightist violence, it is clear how violence is viewed positionally. Furthermore, these examples demonstrate how terrorism has been utilized as a defamatory label applied asymmetrically to some proponents of political violence-those brown and black lives existing in precarity who challenge discursive claims on violence, statehood, capital, and what are broadly understood to be Western values. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59902609,"asset_id":33263864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":885766,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Loadenthal","domain_name":"uc","page_name":"Loadenthal","display_name":"Michael Loadenthal","profile_url":"https://uc.academia.edu/Loadenthal?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/885766/322613/61153367/s65_michael.loadenthal.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":3301,"name":"Film Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Analysis?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":29367,"name":"Subaltern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subaltern_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":30456,"name":"War on Terror","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_on_Terror?f_ri=7980"},{"id":164160,"name":"Othering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Othering?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34787413" data-work_id="34787413" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34787413/Al_Shabab_in_Somalia_The_Resilience_of_Al_Qaeda_s_East_African_Affiliate">Al-Shabab in Somalia: The Resilience of Al-Qaeda’s East African Affiliate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34787413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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Anzalone","profile_url":"https://usmcu.academia.edu/ChristopherAnzalone?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4258/1691/35479242/s65_christopher.anzalone.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3705,"name":"International Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Security?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4979,"name":"Islamic Contemporary Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Contemporary_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5523,"name":"Security Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":9451,"name":"Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency_Counterinsurgency_COIN_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic 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Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Movements_and_Political_Islam?f_ri=7980"},{"id":45146,"name":"Insurgency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Insurgency?f_ri=7980"},{"id":58717,"name":"Rebellion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rebellion?f_ri=7980"},{"id":75977,"name":"Al Qaeda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al_Qaeda?f_ri=7980"},{"id":80195,"name":"Salafi-jihadist groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafi-jihadist_groups?f_ri=7980"},{"id":89401,"name":"Jihad, War, and Peace in Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihad_War_and_Peace_in_Islam?f_ri=7980"},{"id":92542,"name":"Terrorism and Counter-terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Counter-terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":95854,"name":"Critical Terrorism 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Verbrechen und Verbrecher des 20. Jahrhunderts. Mit einem Geleitwort von Heribert Prantl</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Man möchte es nicht glauben, doch ist all das Schreckliche, was Mächtige dieser Welt im Zeitraum von nur 100 Jahren angerichtet haben, nichts als nackte Realität. Die Autoren der „Gesichter des Bösen“ gelangen zu einem traurigen Schluss:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42100420" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Man möchte es nicht glauben, doch ist all das Schreckliche, was Mächtige dieser Welt im Zeitraum von nur 100 Jahren angerichtet haben, nichts als nackte Realität. Die Autoren der „Gesichter des Bösen“ gelangen zu einem traurigen Schluss: Die Bilanz des 20. Jahrhunderts, das auf vielen Gebieten enormen technischen Fortschritt gebracht hat, ist erschreckend. Die schlimmsten Verbrecher samt ihren Untaten gegen die Menschlichkeit sind in einer „Schandhalle des Bösen“ versammelt und beschrieben: 168 Männer, bekannte und unbekannte, unter ihnen Diktatoren, Regierungschefs, Massenmörder, Staatsverbrecher, Revoluzzer, Großgangster aus der Mafia. Kein genozidaler Vorgang ist übersehen oder aus irgendwelchen Vorurteilen oder Verschiedenheiten weginterpretiert. Zahlreiche Fotos und Texte aus dem Umfeld der Gegner von Völkermord und Kriegsverbrechen dokumentieren den Widerstand gegen Beutegier, Ausrottungsorgien und Terrorismus.<br />Ist der Mensch fähig, aus der Geschichte zu lernen? Es gibt einen bedeutsamen Anfang, der, wenn auch eher einem Rinnsal als einem mächtigen Strom gleichend, einen Hoffnungsschimmer bereithält. „Es stimmt nicht mehr“, so Heribert Prantl in seinem Geleitwort, „dass Macht, finanzielle und politische Macht, vor Recht geht. Dieses Bewusstsein hilft einem, die bittere und notwendige Lektüre des Buches über die ‚Gesichter des Bösen‘ zu ertragen. Das Buch macht den Leser zu einem glühenden Anhänger der Weltstrafjustiz.“</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42100420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d9796465217a537c2456b394e70baa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62231973,"asset_id":42100420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62231973/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39609751" href="https://bremen.academia.edu/NikolasD%C3%B6rr">Nikolas Dörr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39609751" type="text/json">{"id":39609751,"first_name":"Nikolas","last_name":"Dörr","domain_name":"bremen","page_name":"NikolasDörr","display_name":"Nikolas Dörr","profile_url":"https://bremen.academia.edu/NikolasD%C3%B6rr?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39609751/40616596/33202718/s65_nikolas.d_rr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42100420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42100420"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42100420, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42100420", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42100420]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42100420").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42100420").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42100420"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6618" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Court">International Criminal Court</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6618" type="text/json">{"id":6618,"name":"International Criminal Court","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Court?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6741" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_History">Asian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6741" type="text/json">{"id":6741,"name":"Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42100420]'), work: {"id":42100420,"title":"Gesichter des Bösen. Verbrechen und Verbrecher des 20. Jahrhunderts. Mit einem Geleitwort von Heribert Prantl","created_at":"2020-02-29T02:01:04.841-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42100420/Gesichter_des_B%C3%B6sen_Verbrechen_und_Verbrecher_des_20_Jahrhunderts_Mit_einem_Geleitwort_von_Heribert_Prantl?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_42100420","summary":"Man möchte es nicht glauben, doch ist all das Schreckliche, was Mächtige dieser Welt im Zeitraum von nur 100 Jahren angerichtet haben, nichts als nackte Realität. Die Autoren der „Gesichter des Bösen“ gelangen zu einem traurigen Schluss: Die Bilanz des 20. Jahrhunderts, das auf vielen Gebieten enormen technischen Fortschritt gebracht hat, ist erschreckend. Die schlimmsten Verbrecher samt ihren Untaten gegen die Menschlichkeit sind in einer „Schandhalle des Bösen“ versammelt und beschrieben: 168 Männer, bekannte und unbekannte, unter ihnen Diktatoren, Regierungschefs, Massenmörder, Staatsverbrecher, Revoluzzer, Großgangster aus der Mafia. Kein genozidaler Vorgang ist übersehen oder aus irgendwelchen Vorurteilen oder Verschiedenheiten weginterpretiert. Zahlreiche Fotos und Texte aus dem Umfeld der Gegner von Völkermord und Kriegsverbrechen dokumentieren den Widerstand gegen Beutegier, Ausrottungsorgien und Terrorismus.\nIst der Mensch fähig, aus der Geschichte zu lernen? Es gibt einen bedeutsamen Anfang, der, wenn auch eher einem Rinnsal als einem mächtigen Strom gleichend, einen Hoffnungsschimmer bereithält. „Es stimmt nicht mehr“, so Heribert Prantl in seinem Geleitwort, „dass Macht, finanzielle und politische Macht, vor Recht geht. Dieses Bewusstsein hilft einem, die bittere und notwendige Lektüre des Buches über die ‚Gesichter des Bösen‘ zu ertragen. Das Buch macht den Leser zu einem glühenden Anhänger der Weltstrafjustiz.“","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62231973,"asset_id":42100420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39609751,"first_name":"Nikolas","last_name":"Dörr","domain_name":"bremen","page_name":"NikolasDörr","display_name":"Nikolas Dörr","profile_url":"https://bremen.academia.edu/NikolasD%C3%B6rr?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39609751/40616596/33202718/s65_nikolas.d_rr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":6618,"name":"International Criminal Court","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Criminal_Court?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":6741,"name":"Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10825,"name":"History of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":18639,"name":"Dictatorships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dictatorships?f_ri=7980"},{"id":25166,"name":"20th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/20th_Century?f_ri=7980"},{"id":32836,"name":"Stalin and Stalinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stalin_and_Stalinism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":34598,"name":"Authoritarianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authoritarianism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":38824,"name":"Modern European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_European_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":60644,"name":"Maoism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maoism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":77925,"name":"Military Dictatorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military_Dictatorship?f_ri=7980"},{"id":87883,"name":"Adolf Hitler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolf_Hitler?f_ri=7980"},{"id":209051,"name":"Rechtsgeschichte","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rechtsgeschichte?f_ri=7980"},{"id":490006,"name":"ICC, rome statutes, international criminal court","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICC_rome_statutes_international_criminal_court?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1012214,"name":"Rome Statute","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rome_Statute?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1636716,"name":"Völkerstrafrecht","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/V%C3%B6lkerstrafrecht?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35455136" data-work_id="35455136" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35455136/Understanding_Complicity_Memory_Hope_and_the_Imagination_Forthcoming_in_Critical_Review_of_International_Social_and_Political_Philosophy">Understanding Complicity: Memory, Hope and the Imagination. Forthcoming in Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses the thorny issue of complicity with wrongdoing under conditions of systemic political violence, such as authoritarianism, totalitarianism or military occupation. The challenge of dealing with collaborators – those who... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35455136" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses the thorny issue of complicity with wrongdoing under conditions of systemic political violence, such as authoritarianism, totalitarianism or military occupation. The challenge of dealing with collaborators – those who colluded with the apparatus of repression or who benefitted from its existence – is central to subsequent processes of justice and memory-making. This paper proposes several arguments. Firstly, it claims we need to think about complicity and resistance not dichotomically, but as a continuum of locations individuals can occupy. Secondly, these locations are influenced by the agents’ positionality within the social world, each agent being situated at the intersection of several axes of distinction: class, gender, racialisation, and religion, among others. Thirdly, to understand complicity we also need to draw a connection between individual’s experience of time and their actions: temporality is experienced from within a social position, through the interplay between memory, imagination and hope. Positionality thus affects one’s memories and self-understanding, the scope of one’s imagination, as well as the type and intensity of one’s hopes. Therefore, individuals’ capacity to build on the past to imagine a future, to invest emotionally in the future and act accordingly are interrelated aspects of their experience, which will influence how they navigate the muddy waters of systemic wrongdoing, more or less complicitly. To give concreteness to these three theoretical arguments, the paper discusses several forms of complicity with violence during the Vichy Regime in France.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35455136" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fed4e761eb353fab66f51b91a3a51f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55316937,"asset_id":35455136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55316937/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60573" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/MihaelaMihai">Mihaela Mihai</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60573" type="text/json">{"id":60573,"first_name":"Mihaela","last_name":"Mihai","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"MihaelaMihai","display_name":"Mihaela Mihai","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/MihaelaMihai?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60573/17440/22701173/s65_mihaela.mihai.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35455136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35455136"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35455136, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35455136", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35455136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35455136; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35455136"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35455136 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35455136"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35455136; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35455136]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35455136").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35455136").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35455136"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hope">Hope</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9230" type="text/json">{"id":9230,"name":"Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hope?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35455136]'), work: {"id":35455136,"title":"Understanding Complicity: Memory, Hope and the Imagination. Forthcoming in Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy","created_at":"2017-12-18T02:24:14.056-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35455136/Understanding_Complicity_Memory_Hope_and_the_Imagination_Forthcoming_in_Critical_Review_of_International_Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_35455136","summary":"This paper addresses the thorny issue of complicity with wrongdoing under conditions of systemic political violence, such as authoritarianism, totalitarianism or military occupation. The challenge of dealing with collaborators – those who colluded with the apparatus of repression or who benefitted from its existence – is central to subsequent processes of justice and memory-making. This paper proposes several arguments. Firstly, it claims we need to think about complicity and resistance not dichotomically, but as a continuum of locations individuals can occupy. Secondly, these locations are influenced by the agents’ positionality within the social world, each agent being situated at the intersection of several axes of distinction: class, gender, racialisation, and religion, among others. Thirdly, to understand complicity we also need to draw a connection between individual’s experience of time and their actions: temporality is experienced from within a social position, through the interplay between memory, imagination and hope. Positionality thus affects one’s memories and self-understanding, the scope of one’s imagination, as well as the type and intensity of one’s hopes. Therefore, individuals’ capacity to build on the past to imagine a future, to invest emotionally in the future and act accordingly are interrelated aspects of their experience, which will influence how they navigate the muddy waters of systemic wrongdoing, more or less complicitly. To give concreteness to these three theoretical arguments, the paper discusses several forms of complicity with violence during the Vichy Regime in France.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55316937,"asset_id":35455136,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60573,"first_name":"Mihaela","last_name":"Mihai","domain_name":"edinburgh","page_name":"MihaelaMihai","display_name":"Mihaela Mihai","profile_url":"https://edinburgh.academia.edu/MihaelaMihai?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60573/17440/22701173/s65_mihaela.mihai.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":9230,"name":"Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hope?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":9251,"name":"Transitional Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_Justice?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12742,"name":"Holocaust Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13118,"name":"Vichy France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vichy_France?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":15838,"name":"Imagination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagination?f_ri=7980"},{"id":17615,"name":"Psychology of Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Hope?f_ri=7980"},{"id":21902,"name":"Time Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Perception?f_ri=7980"},{"id":68476,"name":"Politics of Resistance and Complicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Resistance_and_Complicity?f_ri=7980"},{"id":74289,"name":"Imaginarios sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imaginarios_sociales?f_ri=7980"},{"id":105076,"name":"Transitional justice and reconciliation processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transitional_justice_and_reconciliation_processes?f_ri=7980"},{"id":218974,"name":"Positionality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Positionality?f_ri=7980"},{"id":556326,"name":"Complicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complicity?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15816709" data-work_id="15816709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15816709/Discurso_Generador_de_Psicopat%C3%ADa_Social">Discurso Generador de Psicopatía Social.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">En el siguiente link, se encuentra la exposición de esta teoría, que tuve el honor de realizar en el evento TEDx USMA, Ciudad de Panamá, en el mes de mayo de 2015. <br /> <br /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_9Mf_UGRWA" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_9Mf_UGRWA</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15816709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c4bf06882864ea01741226f021e8d0d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38802803,"asset_id":15816709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38802803/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5550985" href="https://unab.academia.edu/Jorgefelipealbornozbarrientos">Jorge Albornoz Barrientos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5550985" type="text/json">{"id":5550985,"first_name":"Jorge","last_name":"Albornoz Barrientos","domain_name":"unab","page_name":"Jorgefelipealbornozbarrientos","display_name":"Jorge Albornoz Barrientos","profile_url":"https://unab.academia.edu/Jorgefelipealbornozbarrientos?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5550985/2432124/15239715/s65_jorge.albornoz_barrientos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15816709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15816709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15816709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15816709", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15816709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15816709; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15816709"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15816709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15816709"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15816709; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15816709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15816709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15816709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15816709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">31</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1321" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence">Sociology of Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1321" type="text/json">{"id":1321,"name":"Sociology of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3872" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies">War Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3872" type="text/json">{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5050" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Social_Psychology">Discursive Social Psychology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5050" type="text/json">{"id":5050,"name":"Discursive Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Social_Psychology?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15816709]'), work: {"id":15816709,"title":"Discurso Generador de Psicopatía 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Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3872,"name":"War Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5050,"name":"Discursive Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Social_Psychology?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5073,"name":"Discursive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Psychology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5573,"name":"Violence (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Anthropology_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7975,"name":"Violence Prevention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Prevention?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12471,"name":"Violence Against Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Against_Women?f_ri=7980"},{"id":14431,"name":"Religion and Violence/Nonviolence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Violence_Nonviolence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":25925,"name":"War and violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_and_violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":27790,"name":"Religion and Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":41982,"name":"Análisis del Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/An%C3%A1lisis_del_Discurso?f_ri=7980"},{"id":66550,"name":"Análise do Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/An%C3%A1lise_do_Discurso?f_ri=7980"},{"id":101197,"name":"Semiótica, Análise do Discurso, Retórica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semiotica_Analise_do_Discurso_Retorica?f_ri=7980"},{"id":137581,"name":"Discursive semiotic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_semiotic?f_ri=7980"},{"id":147122,"name":"Análise do discurso; linguística aplicada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analise_do_discurso_linguistica_aplicada?f_ri=7980"},{"id":148566,"name":"Análisis De Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analisis_De_Discurso?f_ri=7980"},{"id":175481,"name":"Análisis Crítico Del Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/An%C3%A1lisis_Cr%C3%ADtico_Del_Discurso?f_ri=7980"},{"id":316890,"name":"Psicopatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicopatology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":368989,"name":"Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discurso?f_ri=7980"},{"id":652688,"name":"PSICOPATIAS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PSICOPATIAS?f_ri=7980"},{"id":655794,"name":"Psicopolítica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicopol%C3%ADtica?f_ri=7980"},{"id":690726,"name":"Teoría de la Argumentación","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teor%C3%ADa_de_la_Argumentaci%C3%B3n?f_ri=7980"},{"id":977302,"name":"Sociology of Violence and Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Violence_and_Crime?f_ri=7980"},{"id":990725,"name":"Discursive Construction of National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Construction_of_National_Identity?f_ri=7980"},{"id":995580,"name":"Critical Discursive Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discursive_Psychology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1009535,"name":"Discursive Construction of Public Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discursive_Construction_of_Public_Problems?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1019289,"name":"Psicologia Del Discurso","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psicologia_Del_Discurso-1?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26088911" data-work_id="26088911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26088911/Liaisons_dangereuses_Les_extr%C3%AAmes_droites_en_France_et_en_Italie_1960_1984_">Liaisons dangereuses. Les extrêmes droites en France et en Italie (1960-1984)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Ce livre retrace le dialogue de longue durée entre les extrêmes droites italiennes et françaises depuis le début des années 1960. De ces relations d'abord personnelles naissent de véritables réseaux qui bénéficient du soutien bienveillant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26088911" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Ce livre retrace le dialogue de longue durée entre les extrêmes droites italiennes et françaises depuis le début des années 1960. De ces relations d'abord personnelles naissent de véritables réseaux qui bénéficient du soutien bienveillant des régimes dictatoriaux portugais et espagnol. Certains des membres de cette « communauté de combat » occidentale participent à la série d'attentats du terrorisme « noir » qui frappent l'Italie à partir de 1969. Avec une préface de Michelle Zancarini-Fournel. <br />Publié aux Presses Universitaires de Rennes (2016).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26088911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f9e0349c770e6e61ef97a2f27d682db1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46441833,"asset_id":26088911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46441833/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49997152" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePicco">Pauline Picco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49997152" type="text/json">{"id":49997152,"first_name":"Pauline","last_name":"Picco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulinePicco","display_name":"Pauline Picco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePicco?f_ri=7980","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26088911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26088911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26088911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26088911", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26088911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26088911").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26088911").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26088911"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History">French History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1181" type="text/json">{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3277" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism">Race and Racism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3277" type="text/json">{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History">Transnational History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8233" type="text/json">{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26088911]'), work: {"id":26088911,"title":"Liaisons dangereuses. Les extrêmes droites en France et en Italie (1960-1984)","created_at":"2016-06-13T09:15:18.216-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26088911/Liaisons_dangereuses_Les_extr%C3%AAmes_droites_en_France_et_en_Italie_1960_1984_?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_26088911","summary":"Ce livre retrace le dialogue de longue durée entre les extrêmes droites italiennes et françaises depuis le début des années 1960. De ces relations d'abord personnelles naissent de véritables réseaux qui bénéficient du soutien bienveillant des régimes dictatoriaux portugais et espagnol. Certains des membres de cette « communauté de combat » occidentale participent à la série d'attentats du terrorisme « noir » qui frappent l'Italie à partir de 1969. Avec une préface de Michelle Zancarini-Fournel. \nPublié aux Presses Universitaires de Rennes (2016).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46441833,"asset_id":26088911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49997152,"first_name":"Pauline","last_name":"Picco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulinePicco","display_name":"Pauline Picco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulinePicco?f_ri=7980","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3277,"name":"Race and Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Racism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":14824,"name":"Anti-Semitism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Semitism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":106777,"name":"Histoire Croisée","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_Crois%C3%A9e?f_ri=7980"},{"id":199924,"name":"Extreme and Far Right","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extreme_and_Far_Right?f_ri=7980"},{"id":224425,"name":"Holocaust denial (negationism)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_denial_negationism_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":710342,"name":"History of Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Italy?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2426629,"name":"French Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Political_History?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51002466" data-work_id="51002466" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51002466/Bridge_Across_the_Rivers_Narratives_of_Forgiveness">Bridge Across the Rivers: Narratives of Forgiveness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Partition of India in 1947, or to be more specific the division of Punjab is one of the darkest human tragedies mankind has ever experienced. Its impact was so deep and penetrating that it continues to haunt the psyche of those uprooted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51002466" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Partition of India in 1947, or to be more specific the division of Punjab is one of the darkest human tragedies mankind has ever experienced. Its impact was so deep and penetrating that it continues to haunt the psyche of those uprooted migrants even though a whole generation is almost gone. The survivors and their next generations can still feel the traces of trauma in their memories. It has left a deep scar in the collective memories of migrants and even in the psyche of their next generation. As the time passes by memories also start</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51002466" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10919e25272bb826c9730dd5112a049f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68874570,"asset_id":51002466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68874570/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67038884" href="https://dscdu.academia.edu/ProfRavinderSingh">Prof. Ravinder Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67038884" type="text/json">{"id":67038884,"first_name":"Prof. Ravinder","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"dscdu","page_name":"ProfRavinderSingh","display_name":"Prof. Ravinder Singh","profile_url":"https://dscdu.academia.edu/ProfRavinderSingh?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67038884/62659425/50954043/s65_prof._ravinder.singh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51002466 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51002466"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51002466, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51002466", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51002466]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51002466").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51002466").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51002466"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8771" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brotherhood">Brotherhood</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8771" type="text/json">{"id":8771,"name":"Brotherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brotherhood?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_literature">Partition literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11310" type="text/json">{"id":11310,"name":"Partition literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_literature?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51002466]'), work: {"id":51002466,"title":"Bridge Across the Rivers: Narratives of Forgiveness","created_at":"2021-08-25T02:29:50.412-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51002466/Bridge_Across_the_Rivers_Narratives_of_Forgiveness?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_51002466","summary":"Partition of India in 1947, or to be more specific the division of Punjab is one of the darkest human tragedies mankind has ever experienced. Its impact was so deep and penetrating that it continues to haunt the psyche of those uprooted migrants even though a whole generation is almost gone. The survivors and their next generations can still feel the traces of trauma in their memories. It has left a deep scar in the collective memories of migrants and even in the psyche of their next generation. As the time passes by memories also start","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68874570,"asset_id":51002466,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67038884,"first_name":"Prof. Ravinder","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"dscdu","page_name":"ProfRavinderSingh","display_name":"Prof. Ravinder Singh","profile_url":"https://dscdu.academia.edu/ProfRavinderSingh?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67038884/62659425/50954043/s65_prof._ravinder.singh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8771,"name":"Brotherhood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brotherhood?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":11310,"name":"Partition literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_literature?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":12471,"name":"Violence Against Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Against_Women?f_ri=7980"},{"id":30347,"name":"Translation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Translation?f_ri=7980"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=7980"},{"id":44675,"name":"Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiction?f_ri=7980"},{"id":54457,"name":"Forgiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forgiveness?f_ri=7980"},{"id":56095,"name":"Literary Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_Research?f_ri=7980"},{"id":83745,"name":"Partition of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Partition_of_India?f_ri=7980"},{"id":134143,"name":"Politics of Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Memory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":182681,"name":"Nostalgia and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nostalgia_and_Memory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":931982,"name":"Refugee memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_memory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":969807,"name":"Punjab/Sikh Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Punjab_Sikh_Studies?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30517402" data-work_id="30517402" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30517402/The_Royal_Indian_Navy_Mutiny_of_1946_Nationalist_Competition_and_Civil_Military_Relations_in_Postwar_India_Journal_of_Imperial_and_Commonwealth_History_Dec_2016_">The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946: Nationalist Competition and Civil-Military Relations in Postwar India (Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History)(Dec 2016)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article argues for the importance of the Royal Indian Navy mutiny of 1946 in two key aspects of the transition towards Indian independence: civilian control over the Indian military, and a competition for power between Congress and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30517402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article argues for the importance of the Royal Indian Navy<br />mutiny of 1946 in two key aspects of the transition towards<br />Indian independence: civilian control over the Indian military, and a competition for power between Congress and communists that undermined Indian workers and their student allies. The article begins with an investigation of the mutiny drawing on three sources: a first-person account from a lead mutineer, a communist history of the mutiny, and the papers published in the 'Towards Freedom' collection. In 1946 a handful of low-ranking sailors sparked a naval mutiny that ultimately involved upwards of 20,000 sailors, and then crashed into the streets of Bombay with revolutionary fervour. The Communist Party in Bombay seized upon the mutiny as an opportunity to rally the working class against the British raj, with the hope of ending British rule through revolution rather than negotiation. Yet the mutiny proved less of a harbinger of what was ending and more of a bellwether for what was to come. Congress, sensing the danger of the moment, snuffed out support for the mutiny, and insisted on a negotiated transfer of power. Congress’s action thereby set a precedent for civilian dominance over the military in post-independence India. At the same time, however, Congress betrayed the effectiveness of some of organised labour’s strongest advocates, namely the Communist Party, Bombay students and Bombay labour, thereby undermining their costly mass protest, and hobbling them in future conflicts against Indian capitalists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30517402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="64ee171283ddad234c149fbc68f0cb73" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50963814,"asset_id":30517402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50963814/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48517292" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/JohnMMeyer">John M Meyer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48517292" type="text/json">{"id":48517292,"first_name":"John M","last_name":"Meyer","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"JohnMMeyer","display_name":"John M Meyer","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/JohnMMeyer?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48517292/15151511/15847567/s65_john_m.meyer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30517402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30517402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30517402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30517402", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30517402]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30517402").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30517402").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30517402"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7186" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strikes_Late_20th_Century_">Strikes (Late 20th Century)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7186" type="text/json">{"id":7186,"name":"Strikes (Late 20th Century)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strikes_Late_20th_Century_?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7978" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History">Political History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7978" type="text/json">{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30517402]'), work: {"id":30517402,"title":"The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946: Nationalist Competition and Civil-Military Relations in Postwar India (Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History)(Dec 2016)","created_at":"2016-12-19T03:43:49.063-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30517402/The_Royal_Indian_Navy_Mutiny_of_1946_Nationalist_Competition_and_Civil_Military_Relations_in_Postwar_India_Journal_of_Imperial_and_Commonwealth_History_Dec_2016_?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_30517402","summary":"This article argues for the importance of the Royal Indian Navy\nmutiny of 1946 in two key aspects of the transition towards\nIndian independence: civilian control over the Indian military, and a competition for power between Congress and communists that undermined Indian workers and their student allies. The article begins with an investigation of the mutiny drawing on three sources: a first-person account from a lead mutineer, a communist history of the mutiny, and the papers published in the 'Towards Freedom' collection. In 1946 a handful of low-ranking sailors sparked a naval mutiny that ultimately involved upwards of 20,000 sailors, and then crashed into the streets of Bombay with revolutionary fervour. The Communist Party in Bombay seized upon the mutiny as an opportunity to rally the working class against the British raj, with the hope of ending British rule through revolution rather than negotiation. Yet the mutiny proved less of a harbinger of what was ending and more of a bellwether for what was to come. Congress, sensing the danger of the moment, snuffed out support for the mutiny, and insisted on a negotiated transfer of power. Congress’s action thereby set a precedent for civilian dominance over the military in post-independence India. At the same time, however, Congress betrayed the effectiveness of some of organised labour’s strongest advocates, namely the Communist Party, Bombay students and Bombay labour, thereby undermining their costly mass protest, and hobbling them in future conflicts against Indian capitalists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50963814,"asset_id":30517402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48517292,"first_name":"John M","last_name":"Meyer","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"JohnMMeyer","display_name":"John M Meyer","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/JohnMMeyer?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48517292/15151511/15847567/s65_john_m.meyer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7186,"name":"Strikes (Late 20th Century)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strikes_Late_20th_Century_?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":12623,"name":"Elites (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elites_Political_Science_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12739,"name":"Second World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_World_War?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12961,"name":"British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Empire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":35165,"name":"History of the British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_British_Empire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":77281,"name":"Decolonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decolonization?f_ri=7980"},{"id":138619,"name":"British Military History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Military_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":173734,"name":"Indian Independence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Independence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":367005,"name":"Royal Navy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Royal_Navy?f_ri=7980"},{"id":993590,"name":"Mutiny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutiny?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1523174,"name":"Indian Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Communism?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8439439" data-work_id="8439439" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8439439/The_Rise_and_Decline_of_al_Shabab_in_Somalia_Turkish_Review_4_no_4_2014_386_395_">The Rise and Decline of al-Shabab in Somalia (Turkish Review 4, no. 4 [2014], 386-395)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article traces the rise and decline of the Somali jihadi-insurgent group al-Shabab from 2006 to 2014. Particular attention is paid to the group’s implementation of a philistine and coercive interpretation of Shariah in areas under... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8439439" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article traces the rise and decline of the Somali jihadi-insurgent group al-Shabab from 2006 to 2014. Particular attention is paid to the group’s implementation of a philistine and coercive interpretation of Shariah in areas under its control, the political economy of insurgent violence, local governing administrations, and internal schisms and recent deadly infighting. The group’s potential future trajectory is also assessed. <br /> <br />Please see the references (end notes) at: <a href="http://www.turkishreview.org/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?sectionId=360&newsId=223635" rel="nofollow">http://www.turkishreview.org/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?sectionId=360&newsId=223635</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8439439" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b56b4ace8d4a27415012c94295a5594a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34828720,"asset_id":8439439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34828720/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4258" href="https://usmcu.academia.edu/ChristopherAnzalone">Christopher Anzalone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4258" type="text/json">{"id":4258,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Anzalone","domain_name":"usmcu","page_name":"ChristopherAnzalone","display_name":"Christopher Anzalone","profile_url":"https://usmcu.academia.edu/ChristopherAnzalone?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4258/1691/35479242/s65_christopher.anzalone.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8439439 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8439439"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8439439, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8439439", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8439439]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8439439").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8439439").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8439439"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1720" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism">International Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1720" type="text/json">{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8439439]'), work: {"id":8439439,"title":"The Rise and Decline of al-Shabab in Somalia (Turkish Review 4, no. 4 [2014], 386-395)","created_at":"2014-09-22T05:57:08.267-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8439439/The_Rise_and_Decline_of_al_Shabab_in_Somalia_Turkish_Review_4_no_4_2014_386_395_?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_8439439","summary":"This article traces the rise and decline of the Somali jihadi-insurgent group al-Shabab from 2006 to 2014. Particular attention is paid to the group’s implementation of a philistine and coercive interpretation of Shariah in areas under its control, the political economy of insurgent violence, local governing administrations, and internal schisms and recent deadly infighting. The group’s potential future trajectory is also assessed.\r\n\r\nPlease see the references (end notes) at: http://www.turkishreview.org/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?sectionId=360\u0026newsId=223635","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34828720,"asset_id":8439439,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4258,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Anzalone","domain_name":"usmcu","page_name":"ChristopherAnzalone","display_name":"Christopher Anzalone","profile_url":"https://usmcu.academia.edu/ChristopherAnzalone?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4258/1691/35479242/s65_christopher.anzalone.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1720,"name":"International Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8827,"name":"East Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8831,"name":"East Africa (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_Africa_History_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":14045,"name":"African Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Politics?f_ri=7980"},{"id":14060,"name":"Security isses in Horn of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_isses_in_Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":16171,"name":"Islamic Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Political_Thought?f_ri=7980"},{"id":21360,"name":"Somalia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somalia?f_ri=7980"},{"id":25399,"name":"Islamism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":32571,"name":"Horn of Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horn_of_Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=7980"},{"id":42627,"name":"Sub-Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sub-Saharan_Africa?f_ri=7980"},{"id":45019,"name":"Islamic Movements and Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Movements_and_Political_Islam?f_ri=7980"},{"id":80195,"name":"Salafi-jihadist groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafi-jihadist_groups?f_ri=7980"},{"id":95854,"name":"Critical Terrorism Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Terrorism_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":110283,"name":"Horn of Africa Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horn_of_Africa_Studies?f_ri=7980"},{"id":125423,"name":"Jihadism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihadism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":149472,"name":"East African Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_African_Politics?f_ri=7980"},{"id":169060,"name":"Salafi-Jihadi Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Salafi-Jihadi_Ideology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":179270,"name":"Terrorism and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":316672,"name":"Foreign Fighters","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Fighters?f_ri=7980"},{"id":337953,"name":"CONFLICT IN SOMALIA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CONFLICT_IN_SOMALIA?f_ri=7980"},{"id":441263,"name":"Somalia and Somaliland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somalia_and_Somaliland?f_ri=7980"},{"id":469642,"name":"Jihadism and Radical Islamism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihadism_and_Radical_Islamism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":534284,"name":"Jihadist Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihadist_Networks?f_ri=7980"},{"id":699242,"name":"Somali politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somali_politics?f_ri=7980"},{"id":870953,"name":"Jihadi Salafism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jihadi_Salafism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":960598,"name":"Religious and Political 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11764658/Terror_and_Politics_in_David_Andress_ed_The_Oxford_Handbook_of_the_French_Revolution_Oxford_Oxford_University_Press_2015_">'Terror and Politics' in David Andress (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the French Revolution (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract In a move away from overarching explanations of the Terror based on ideology, class or a ‘system of Terror’, historians have been investigating the web of connections between politics, ideology, tactics, emotions and the role of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11764658" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br />In a move away from overarching explanations of the Terror based on ideology, class or a ‘system of Terror’, historians have been investigating the web of connections between politics, ideology, tactics, emotions and the role of individuals. Consequently, a more complex picture of revolutionary politics has begun to emerge. This chapter uses these new approaches to examine how individual experiences of the Jacobin leaders can cast new light on the Terror. It asks how far we can reconstruct the motives that led individual Jacobin leaders to choose terror. Personal factors, including friendships, influenced political decision-making to a far greater extent than has previously been acknowledged. Emotions, above all fear, played an integral role in the Terror. Ironically, the Jacobin leaders were themselves subject to high levels of fear. They needed to maintain their public identity as ‘men of virtue’ or risk being destroyed in the politicians’ terror. The chapter examines the genesis of the politicians’ terror that culminated in the mutual destruction of political factions during the Year II.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11764658" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72af9d5d74439d2f0e3eafd0eb0b0816" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38299076,"asset_id":11764658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38299076/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4732995" href="https://kingston.academia.edu/MarisaLinton">Marisa Linton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4732995" type="text/json">{"id":4732995,"first_name":"Marisa","last_name":"Linton","domain_name":"kingston","page_name":"MarisaLinton","display_name":"Marisa Linton","profile_url":"https://kingston.academia.edu/MarisaLinton?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4732995/2003420/2363909/s65_marisa.linton.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11764658 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11764658"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11764658, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11764658", }); 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Consequently, a more complex picture of revolutionary politics has begun to emerge. This chapter uses these new approaches to examine how individual experiences of the Jacobin leaders can cast new light on the Terror. It asks how far we can reconstruct the motives that led individual Jacobin leaders to choose terror. Personal factors, including friendships, influenced political decision-making to a far greater extent than has previously been acknowledged. Emotions, above all fear, played an integral role in the Terror. Ironically, the Jacobin leaders were themselves subject to high levels of fear. They needed to maintain their public identity as ‘men of virtue’ or risk being destroyed in the politicians’ terror. The chapter examines the genesis of the politicians’ terror that culminated in the mutual destruction of political factions during the Year II.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38299076,"asset_id":11764658,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4732995,"first_name":"Marisa","last_name":"Linton","domain_name":"kingston","page_name":"MarisaLinton","display_name":"Marisa Linton","profile_url":"https://kingston.academia.edu/MarisaLinton?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4732995/2003420/2363909/s65_marisa.linton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":4653,"name":"Historiography of the French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_of_the_French_Revolution?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":6581,"name":"History Of Political Thought (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Political_Thought_Political_Science_?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32859673" data-work_id="32859673" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32859673/A_Prehistory_of_Violence_Revolution_and_Martyrs_in_the_Making_of_a_Political_Tradition_in_Kerala">A Prehistory of Violence? Revolution and Martyrs in the Making of a Political Tradition in Kerala</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Political violence and democracy, Violence and the assertion of political sovereignty in India</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32859673" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e78f8a6abd27ae422418bae97312a6e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53006456,"asset_id":32859673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53006456/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4575323" href="https://cisa-wits.academia.edu/DilipMenon">Dilip Menon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4575323" type="text/json">{"id":4575323,"first_name":"Dilip","last_name":"Menon","domain_name":"cisa-wits","page_name":"DilipMenon","display_name":"Dilip Menon","profile_url":"https://cisa-wits.academia.edu/DilipMenon?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4575323/1901901/2254834/s65_dilip.menon.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32859673 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32859673"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32859673, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32859673", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32859673]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32859673").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32859673").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32859673"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8330" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8330" type="text/json">{"id":8330,"name":"Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10342" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence">Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10342" type="text/json">{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32859673]'), work: {"id":32859673,"title":"A Prehistory of Violence? Revolution and Martyrs in the Making of a Political Tradition in Kerala","created_at":"2017-05-05T03:19:33.145-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32859673/A_Prehistory_of_Violence_Revolution_and_Martyrs_in_the_Making_of_a_Political_Tradition_in_Kerala?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_32859673","summary":"Political violence and democracy, Violence and the assertion of political sovereignty in India","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53006456,"asset_id":32859673,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4575323,"first_name":"Dilip","last_name":"Menon","domain_name":"cisa-wits","page_name":"DilipMenon","display_name":"Dilip Menon","profile_url":"https://cisa-wits.academia.edu/DilipMenon?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4575323/1901901/2254834/s65_dilip.menon.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8330,"name":"Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":41827,"name":"Kerala History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kerala_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":960598,"name":"Religious and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1523174,"name":"Indian Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Communism?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20103254" data-work_id="20103254" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20103254/Vortrag_Politische_Gewalt_im_Dortmunder_Norden_am_Ende_der_Weimarer_Republik">Vortrag: Politische Gewalt im Dortmunder Norden am Ende der Weimarer Republik</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Vortrag vom 17. Januar 2013 in der Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Steinwache<br /><br />Public Talk: Political Violence in the North of Dortmund at the End of the Weimar Republic, <br />held at the "Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Steinwache" at 17 January 2013</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20103254" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bafd4f283ee62a3e258a29d3685bf634" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41008902,"asset_id":20103254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41008902/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12294170" href="https://rub.academia.edu/JoanaSeiffert">Joana Seiffert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12294170" type="text/json">{"id":12294170,"first_name":"Joana","last_name":"Seiffert","domain_name":"rub","page_name":"JoanaSeiffert","display_name":"Joana Seiffert","profile_url":"https://rub.academia.edu/JoanaSeiffert?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12294170/11156709/12450268/s65_joana.seiffert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20103254 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20103254"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20103254, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20103254", }); 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Januar 2013 in der Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Steinwache\n\nPublic Talk: Political Violence in the North of Dortmund at the End of the Weimar Republic, \nheld at the \"Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Steinwache\" at 17 January 2013","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41008902,"asset_id":20103254,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12294170,"first_name":"Joana","last_name":"Seiffert","domain_name":"rub","page_name":"JoanaSeiffert","display_name":"Joana Seiffert","profile_url":"https://rub.academia.edu/JoanaSeiffert?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12294170/11156709/12450268/s65_joana.seiffert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":22472,"name":"Weimar Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weimar_Republic?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":403273,"name":"Dortmund","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dortmund?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6937666" data-work_id="6937666" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6937666/_Morte_accidentale_di_un_anarchico_et_ses_deux_ou_trois_fins_Une_lecture_politique_2012_">" Morte accidentale di un anarchico" et ses deux (ou trois ?) fins. Une lecture politique [2012]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6937666" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6341737016e524f1d9d5f83df6ecb10" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33609516,"asset_id":6937666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33609516/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2667392" href="https://ens-lyon.academia.edu/JeanClaudeZancarini">Jean-Claude Zancarini</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2667392" type="text/json">{"id":2667392,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Zancarini","domain_name":"ens-lyon","page_name":"JeanClaudeZancarini","display_name":"Jean-Claude Zancarini","profile_url":"https://ens-lyon.academia.edu/JeanClaudeZancarini?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2667392/907106/1133823/s65_jean-claude.zancarini.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6937666 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6937666"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6937666, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6937666", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6937666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6937666").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6937666").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6937666"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12624" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought">History of Political Thought</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12624" type="text/json">{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="108687" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dario_Fo">Dario Fo</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="108687" type="text/json">{"id":108687,"name":"Dario Fo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dario_Fo?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anni_di_piombo">Anni di piombo</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="379288" type="text/json">{"id":379288,"name":"Anni di piombo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anni_di_piombo?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6937666]'), work: {"id":6937666,"title":"\" Morte accidentale di un anarchico\" et ses deux (ou trois ?) fins. Une lecture politique [2012]","created_at":"2014-05-02T00:09:03.918-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6937666/_Morte_accidentale_di_un_anarchico_et_ses_deux_ou_trois_fins_Une_lecture_politique_2012_?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_6937666","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33609516,"asset_id":6937666,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2667392,"first_name":"Jean-Claude","last_name":"Zancarini","domain_name":"ens-lyon","page_name":"JeanClaudeZancarini","display_name":"Jean-Claude Zancarini","profile_url":"https://ens-lyon.academia.edu/JeanClaudeZancarini?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2667392/907106/1133823/s65_jean-claude.zancarini.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":108687,"name":"Dario Fo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dario_Fo?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":379288,"name":"Anni di piombo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anni_di_piombo?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1002503,"name":"Anni Settanta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anni_Settanta?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1212744,"name":"Theater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theater-21?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49051917" data-work_id="49051917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49051917/Antifa_An_International_Insurgent_Network">Antifa: An International Insurgent Network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Antifa's international networks, first noted by the Obama administration, remain largely unknown. The broad militant movement sweeping the United States in 2020 borrows heavily from foreign organizations, networks, governments, and at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49051917" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Antifa's international networks, first noted by the Obama administration, remain largely unknown. The broad militant movement sweeping the United States in 2020 borrows heavily from foreign organizations, networks, governments, and at times, foreign intelligence services. Some of its key organizers and intellectual authors are either foreign nationals or American citizens trained abroad as professional revolutionaries and agitators.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49051917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f30f2af6711451f323ac13be8af0fec1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67441097,"asset_id":49051917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67441097/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26515819" href="https://bu.academia.edu/JMichaelWaller">J Michael Waller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26515819" type="text/json">{"id":26515819,"first_name":"J Michael","last_name":"Waller","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"JMichaelWaller","display_name":"J Michael Waller","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/JMichaelWaller?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26515819/7368470/49443337/s65_j_michael.waller.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49051917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49051917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49051917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49051917", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49051917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49051917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49051917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49051917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10342" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence">Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10342" type="text/json">{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Theory">Revolutionary Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40221" type="text/json">{"id":40221,"name":"Revolutionary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Theory?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49051917]'), work: {"id":49051917,"title":"Antifa: An International Insurgent Network","created_at":"2021-05-26T22:48:09.633-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49051917/Antifa_An_International_Insurgent_Network?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_49051917","summary":"Antifa's international networks, first noted by the Obama administration, remain largely unknown. The broad militant movement sweeping the United States in 2020 borrows heavily from foreign organizations, networks, governments, and at times, foreign intelligence services. Some of its key organizers and intellectual authors are either foreign nationals or American citizens trained abroad as professional revolutionaries and agitators.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67441097,"asset_id":49051917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26515819,"first_name":"J Michael","last_name":"Waller","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"JMichaelWaller","display_name":"J Michael Waller","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/JMichaelWaller?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26515819/7368470/49443337/s65_j_michael.waller.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":40221,"name":"Revolutionary Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Theory?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":69955,"name":"Mobs, Riots, and Revolutionary Crowds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobs_Riots_and_Revolutionary_Crowds?f_ri=7980"},{"id":159607,"name":"Riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Riots?f_ri=7980"},{"id":179270,"name":"Terrorism and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":495413,"name":"Revolutionary Syndicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutionary_Syndicalism?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38539201" data-work_id="38539201" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38539201/_Happy_Go_Lucky_Fellow_Lone_Actor_Terrorism_Masculinity_and_the_1966_Bombing_on_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa">"Happy-Go-Lucky Fellow": Lone-Actor Terrorism, Masculinity, and the 1966 Bombing on Parliament Hill in Ottawa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On 18 May 1966, Paul Joseph Chartier blew himself up outside of the Canadian House of Commons in Ottawa. His target had been members of parliament, but he succeeded in killing only himself. The bombing received widespread attention at the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38539201" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On 18 May 1966, Paul Joseph Chartier blew himself up outside of the Canadian House of Commons in Ottawa. His target had been members of parliament, but he succeeded in killing only himself. The bombing received widespread attention at the time and prompted an investigation involving both the rcmp and fbi. Using the more than 1,300-page file compiled by the police, I stress the importance of a historical approach to the study of terrorism as the article examines Chartier's deed in the context of lone-actor terrorism, both within Canada and internationally. Ultimately, I conclude that the reason Chartier carried out the attack is unknowable. However, I argue that a strong correlation existed between the motivation for Chartier's act of extreme violence and masculinity, a connection often ignored in scholarship about terrorism, especially lone-actor terrorism. Chartier fell considerably short of the hegemonic masculine ideals of postwar Canada, which he blamed, in pop-ulist fashion, on a corrupt Canadian political system. In the end, he turned to a traditional response by some men, both in Canada and internationally, an act of extreme violence, to salvage something from his life by striking back against those he blamed for his failures. Résumé : Le 18 mai 1966, Paul Joseph Chartier s'est fait exploser à l'extérieur de la Chambre des communes à Ottawa. Sa cible était les membres du parlement, mais il a seulement réussi à se tuer. L'attentat a reçu beaucoup d'attention à l'époque et a mené à une enquête conjointe de la grc et du fbi. Sur la base de dossiers de plus de 1300 pages compilées par la police, j'insiste sur l'importance d'une approche historique de l'étude du terrorisme dans mon article qui examine l'acte de Chartier dans le contexte de « terrorisme du loup solitaire » au Canada et à l'inter-national. En fin du compte, même si la raison pour laquelle Chartier a commis l'attentant ne sera jamais connue, j'estime qu'il existe une forte corrélation entre la motivation pour cet acte de violence extrême et la masculinité, un lien plutôt ignoré dans la recherche sur le terrorisme, en particulier sur le « terrorisme de loup solitaire ». Chartier n'a jamais atteint l'idéal masculin dominant de l'époque de l'après-guerre au Canada, dont il a blâmé, à la manière populiste, le système politique canadien corrompu. Au final, il s'est tourné vers une réponse typique de certains hommes, au Canada et ailleurs, soit un acte de violence extrême, pour sauver quelque chose de sa vie, en riposte contre ceux qu'il a tenu responsables de ses propres échecs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38539201" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="845c2f29d747c93673a318dd1a94c073" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58609794,"asset_id":38539201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58609794/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2820375" href="https://bham.academia.edu/SteveHewitt">Steve Hewitt</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2820375" type="text/json">{"id":2820375,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Hewitt","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"SteveHewitt","display_name":"Steve Hewitt","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/SteveHewitt?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2820375/949716/10619819/s65_steve.hewitt.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38539201 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38539201"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38539201, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38539201", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38539201]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38539201").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38539201").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38539201"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_History">Canadian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2412" type="text/json">{"id":2412,"name":"Canadian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38539201]'), work: {"id":38539201,"title":"\"Happy-Go-Lucky Fellow\": Lone-Actor Terrorism, Masculinity, and the 1966 Bombing on Parliament Hill in Ottawa","created_at":"2019-03-12T14:38:45.729-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38539201/_Happy_Go_Lucky_Fellow_Lone_Actor_Terrorism_Masculinity_and_the_1966_Bombing_on_Parliament_Hill_in_Ottawa?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_38539201","summary":"On 18 May 1966, Paul Joseph Chartier blew himself up outside of the Canadian House of Commons in Ottawa. His target had been members of parliament, but he succeeded in killing only himself. The bombing received widespread attention at the time and prompted an investigation involving both the rcmp and fbi. Using the more than 1,300-page file compiled by the police, I stress the importance of a historical approach to the study of terrorism as the article examines Chartier's deed in the context of lone-actor terrorism, both within Canada and internationally. Ultimately, I conclude that the reason Chartier carried out the attack is unknowable. However, I argue that a strong correlation existed between the motivation for Chartier's act of extreme violence and masculinity, a connection often ignored in scholarship about terrorism, especially lone-actor terrorism. Chartier fell considerably short of the hegemonic masculine ideals of postwar Canada, which he blamed, in pop-ulist fashion, on a corrupt Canadian political system. In the end, he turned to a traditional response by some men, both in Canada and internationally, an act of extreme violence, to salvage something from his life by striking back against those he blamed for his failures. Résumé : Le 18 mai 1966, Paul Joseph Chartier s'est fait exploser à l'extérieur de la Chambre des communes à Ottawa. Sa cible était les membres du parlement, mais il a seulement réussi à se tuer. L'attentat a reçu beaucoup d'attention à l'époque et a mené à une enquête conjointe de la grc et du fbi. Sur la base de dossiers de plus de 1300 pages compilées par la police, j'insiste sur l'importance d'une approche historique de l'étude du terrorisme dans mon article qui examine l'acte de Chartier dans le contexte de « terrorisme du loup solitaire » au Canada et à l'inter-national. En fin du compte, même si la raison pour laquelle Chartier a commis l'attentant ne sera jamais connue, j'estime qu'il existe une forte corrélation entre la motivation pour cet acte de violence extrême et la masculinité, un lien plutôt ignoré dans la recherche sur le terrorisme, en particulier sur le « terrorisme de loup solitaire ». Chartier n'a jamais atteint l'idéal masculin dominant de l'époque de l'après-guerre au Canada, dont il a blâmé, à la manière populiste, le système politique canadien corrompu. Au final, il s'est tourné vers une réponse typique de certains hommes, au Canada et ailleurs, soit un acte de violence extrême, pour sauver quelque chose de sa vie, en riposte contre ceux qu'il a tenu responsables de ses propres échecs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58609794,"asset_id":38539201,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2820375,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Hewitt","domain_name":"bham","page_name":"SteveHewitt","display_name":"Steve Hewitt","profile_url":"https://bham.academia.edu/SteveHewitt?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2820375/949716/10619819/s65_steve.hewitt.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2412,"name":"Canadian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Canadian_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8734,"name":"Masculinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masculinity?f_ri=7980"},{"id":26669,"name":"Counter terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counter_terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":240114,"name":"Research on Perpetrators","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_on_Perpetrators?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1301116,"name":"Lone Actor Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lone_Actor_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2096495" data-work_id="2096495" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2096495/%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8">Мнение: Лицо террористической национальности</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">В современной Украине из Степана Бандеры и его организации делают героев, хотя на самом деле они были международными террористами, пишет Иван Качановский, пост-докторский сотрудник факультета политологии Торонтского университета, в своей... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2096495" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">В современной Украине из Степана Бандеры и его организации делают героев, хотя на самом деле они были международными террористами, пишет Иван Качановский, пост-докторский сотрудник факультета политологии Торонтского университета, в своей колонке для журнала Корреспондент. Когда историю забывают – это плохо, но еще хуже – когда ее перекручивают. Яркий тому пример – то, во что в современной Украине превращают Организацию украинских националистов (ОУН) и ее лидера Степана Бандеру. <br />Работая в архиве президента США Франклина Рузвельта [глава государства в 1933-1945 годы] над книгой о массовом советском терроре в Украине в 1930-х годах, я натолкнулся на собранные американскими спецслужбами материалы об украинских террористах. Я и представить себе не мог, что теперь они станут героями популярной телепрограммы о Великих украинцах. А один из них и вовсе — фаворитом в гонке за звание величайшего из украинцев. <br /> <br />Документы об этих людях были собраны Генри Филдом, <br /> <br />Я натолкнулся на собранные американскими спецслужбами материалы об украинских террористах руководителем специальной разведслужбы при президенте Рузвельте, и Секретной службой США,  охраняющей американских президентов. Они описывают покушение на президента США, которое готовило руководство ОУН и немецкие спецслужбы в годы Второй мировой войны. Насколько мне известно, эти материалы нигде не публиковались, и их исследование еще впереди. <br /> <br />Исполнителем теракта должен был стать Григорий Мацейко, известный тем, что в 1934 году, по приказу Степана Бандеры, убил министра внутренних дел Польши Бронислава Перацкого. После этого убийца бежал в Аргентину. А оттуда, по американским данным, полученным в 1941-1942 годах, он планировал выехать в США. Цель "визита" – устранить Рузвельта по приказу представителей ОУН и нацистской Германии, которые обещали заплатить за это миллион марок. <br /> <br />В случае успеха резонанс от убийства был бы значительным не только в пределах Польши, как это произошло с атакой на польского министра (ее сейчас зачастую представляют как один из аргументов в пользу величия Бандеры), а имел бы мировое значение. Более того: он мог бы повлиять на ход Второй мировой войны. <br /> <br />Показательно, как рассекреченные документы американских спецслужб характеризуют ОУН, а также Бандеру, Мацейко, и других деятелей организации. Исходя из материалов этого дела, объемом в несколько десятков страниц, ОУН определялась американцами как "украинская террористическая организация", которая сотрудничает с нацистской Германией против США. И это не просто заявления – документы содержат агентурные и дипломатические донесения об этом сотрудничестве с конкретными именами и примерами. <br /> <br />Первая информация о подготовке покушения на Рузвельта датируется весной 1941 года. Мацейко должен был въехать в США с паспортом на чужое имя при содействии агентов гестапо и немецких дипломатов в Латинской Америке. В сообщении от 24 марта 1941-го указывается, что эта группа "украинских террористов" организована немецким дипломатом Кристианом Зинсером. Именно Зинсер был ведущим агентом гестапо в Аргентине и других странах Латинской Америки. Его выслали из Гондураса и Гватемалы, где он занимался антиамериканской деятельностью под дипломатическим прикрытием, в апреле 1941 года. <br /> <br />В документах упоминается и освобождение немцами осужденного за убийство министра Перацкого Николая Лебедя — в 1941-м он стал заместителем Бандеры в ОУН. Причем именно он восстановил связи с руководством этой организации. Показана и ведущая роль Бандеры в выборе Мацейко для устранения польского министра — глава ОУН характеризовал его как "умелого террориста". <br /> <br />В начале 1942 года, после того, как поступила новая агентурная информация о подготовке теракта против Рузвельта, американские спецслужбы создали спецгруппу. Она за несколько месяцев собрала детальную информацию на этих и других оуновских террористов и их сторонников в Южной и Северной Америке. Агенты открыто следили за украинскими иммигрантами, связанными с Мацейко и ОУН, чтобы дать понять, что американскому правительству известно о подготовке покушения. <br /> <br />Оуновский теракт против президента Рузвельта так и не был совершен, а след Мацейко спецслужбы потеряли. <br /> <br />Впрочем, на этом история взаимоотношений США и ОУН не заканчивается.  <br /> <br />Но это не помешало ЦРУ и другим правительственным организациям во время холодной войны сотрудничать с бывшими немецкими нацистами. <br /> <br />При этом закрывали глаза на то, что многие из них были причастны к нацистскому геноциду. К примеру, американские и английские спецслужбы использовали Бандеру и его организацию для забрасывания нелегальных групп в Украину на самолетах. <br /> <br />Но спецслужбы США не забывали об оуновской попытке теракта против президента Рузвельта. Даже в 1964 году руководитель Секретной службы США интересовался документами по этому делу, переданными Генри Филдом. <br /> <br />Архивы американских президентов и спецслужб должны содержать еще много интересных материалов, связанных со Степаном Бандерой, лидером террористической ультранационалистической организации и главным претендентом на телевизионное звание "великого украинца". <br /> <br />Эта колонка опубликована в №18 журнала Корреспондент от 17 мая 2008 года.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2096495" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49c7f095288c06604a116d7cf99cf2c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50037307,"asset_id":2096495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50037307/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186256" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski">Ivan Katchanovski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186256" type="text/json">{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan Katchanovski","profile_url":"https://uottawa.academia.edu/IvanKatchanovski?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/186256/93609/104202/s65_ivan.katchanovski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2096495 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2096495"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2096495, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2096495", }); 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Когда историю забывают – это плохо, но еще хуже – когда ее перекручивают. Яркий тому пример – то, во что в современной Украине превращают Организацию украинских националистов (ОУН) и ее лидера Степана Бандеру.\r\nРаботая в архиве президента США Франклина Рузвельта [глава государства в 1933-1945 годы] над книгой о массовом советском терроре в Украине в 1930-х годах, я натолкнулся на собранные американскими спецслужбами материалы об украинских террористах. Я и представить себе не мог, что теперь они станут героями популярной телепрограммы о Великих украинцах. А один из них и вовсе — фаворитом в гонке за звание величайшего из украинцев.\r\n \r\nДокументы об этих людях были собраны Генри Филдом, \r\n\r\nЯ натолкнулся на собранные американскими спецслужбами материалы об украинских террористах руководителем специальной разведслужбы при президенте Рузвельте, и Секретной службой США, охраняющей американских президентов. Они описывают покушение на президента США, которое готовило руководство ОУН и немецкие спецслужбы в годы Второй мировой войны. Насколько мне известно, эти материалы нигде не публиковались, и их исследование еще впереди.\r\n \r\nИсполнителем теракта должен был стать Григорий Мацейко, известный тем, что в 1934 году, по приказу Степана Бандеры, убил министра внутренних дел Польши Бронислава Перацкого. После этого убийца бежал в Аргентину. А оттуда, по американским данным, полученным в 1941-1942 годах, он планировал выехать в США. Цель \"визита\" – устранить Рузвельта по приказу представителей ОУН и нацистской Германии, которые обещали заплатить за это миллион марок.\r\n \r\nВ случае успеха резонанс от убийства был бы значительным не только в пределах Польши, как это произошло с атакой на польского министра (ее сейчас зачастую представляют как один из аргументов в пользу величия Бандеры), а имел бы мировое значение. Более того: он мог бы повлиять на ход Второй мировой войны.\r\n \r\nПоказательно, как рассекреченные документы американских спецслужб характеризуют ОУН, а также Бандеру, Мацейко, и других деятелей организации. Исходя из материалов этого дела, объемом в несколько десятков страниц, ОУН определялась американцами как \"украинская террористическая организация\", которая сотрудничает с нацистской Германией против США. И это не просто заявления – документы содержат агентурные и дипломатические донесения об этом сотрудничестве с конкретными именами и примерами.\r\n \r\nПервая информация о подготовке покушения на Рузвельта датируется весной 1941 года. Мацейко должен был въехать в США с паспортом на чужое имя при содействии агентов гестапо и немецких дипломатов в Латинской Америке. В сообщении от 24 марта 1941-го указывается, что эта группа \"украинских террористов\" организована немецким дипломатом Кристианом Зинсером. Именно Зинсер был ведущим агентом гестапо в Аргентине и других странах Латинской Америки. Его выслали из Гондураса и Гватемалы, где он занимался антиамериканской деятельностью под дипломатическим прикрытием, в апреле 1941 года.\r\n \r\nВ документах упоминается и освобождение немцами осужденного за убийство министра Перацкого Николая Лебедя — в 1941-м он стал заместителем Бандеры в ОУН. Причем именно он восстановил связи с руководством этой организации. Показана и ведущая роль Бандеры в выборе Мацейко для устранения польского министра — глава ОУН характеризовал его как \"умелого террориста\".\r\n \r\nВ начале 1942 года, после того, как поступила новая агентурная информация о подготовке теракта против Рузвельта, американские спецслужбы создали спецгруппу. Она за несколько месяцев собрала детальную информацию на этих и других оуновских террористов и их сторонников в Южной и Северной Америке. Агенты открыто следили за украинскими иммигрантами, связанными с Мацейко и ОУН, чтобы дать понять, что американскому правительству известно о подготовке покушения.\r\n \r\nОуновский теракт против президента Рузвельта так и не был совершен, а след Мацейко спецслужбы потеряли.\r\n \r\nВпрочем, на этом история взаимоотношений США и ОУН не заканчивается. \r\n \r\nНо это не помешало ЦРУ и другим правительственным организациям во время холодной войны сотрудничать с бывшими немецкими нацистами. \r\n\r\nПри этом закрывали глаза на то, что многие из них были причастны к нацистскому геноциду. К примеру, американские и английские спецслужбы использовали Бандеру и его организацию для забрасывания нелегальных групп в Украину на самолетах.\r\n \r\nНо спецслужбы США не забывали об оуновской попытке теракта против президента Рузвельта. Даже в 1964 году руководитель Секретной службы США интересовался документами по этому делу, переданными Генри Филдом.\r\n \r\nАрхивы американских президентов и спецслужб должны содержать еще много интересных материалов, связанных со Степаном Бандерой, лидером террористической ультранационалистической организации и главным претендентом на телевизионное звание \"великого украинца\". \r\n \r\nЭта колонка опубликована в №18 журнала Корреспондент от 17 мая 2008 года.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50037307,"asset_id":2096495,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186256,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Katchanovski","domain_name":"uottawa","page_name":"IvanKatchanovski","display_name":"Ivan 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work_11905941" data-work_id="11905941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11905941/_Septembre_1792_un_mois_de_massacres_en_clair_obscur_">"Septembre 1792 : un mois de massacres en clair-obscur"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Universitaires Blaise Pascal, 2013, p. 61-78.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11905941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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href="https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/C%C3%B4meSimien">Côme Simien</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29423558" type="text/json">{"id":29423558,"first_name":"Côme","last_name":"Simien","domain_name":"univ-bpclermont","page_name":"CômeSimien","display_name":"Côme Simien","profile_url":"https://univ-bpclermont.academia.edu/C%C3%B4meSimien?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29423558/8435677/14064180/s65_c_me.simien.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11905941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11905941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11905941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11905941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11905941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massacres_in_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1351402,"name":"History of the Night","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Night?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2537816" data-work_id="2537816" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2537816/Political_Violence_Disrupting_Ways_of_Doing_Politics_An_Exploration_of_Organisational_and_Political_Life_in_Mpumalanga_Township_1970s_1980s">Political Violence - Disrupting Ways of 'Doing' Politics: An Exploration of Organisational and Political Life in Mpumalanga Township, 1970s-1980s</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/43787433/Review_of_David_Parrott_The_Business_of_War_Military_Enterprise_and_Military_Revolution_in_Early_Modern_Europe">Review of David Parrott, The Business of War: Military Enterprise and Military Revolution in Early Modern Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Book review published by H-War at: <a href="https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=38909" rel="nofollow">https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=38909</a></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43787433" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2024131" data-work_id="2024131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2024131/Linguaggi_ed_elementi_del_politico_nel_radicalismo_di_destra_e_di_sinistra_nel_graffitismo_urbano">Linguaggi ed elementi del politico nel radicalismo di destra e di sinistra nel graffitismo urbano </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper focuses on the urban graffiti painted with a political message by different movements of the Italian political radicalism in the cities of Rome, Florence, Massa, Carrara, Verona and Udine. For the purpose of this article,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2024131" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper focuses on the urban graffiti painted with a political message by different <br />movements of the Italian political radicalism in the cities of Rome, Florence, Massa, <br />Carrara, Verona and Udine. For the purpose of this article, during the period from June <br />2011 to June 2012, a total of 165 graffiti have been photographed, of which 83 painted by <br />neo-fascist groups, 72 by extreme left groups and 10 by anarchist groups. These three <br />macro communities, made of different subgroups, emerged as the most active in expressing <br />their antagonism towards the parliamentary parties with their graffiti that combine semantic <br />(words) and semiotic (images) elements. An analysis of the collected graffiti’s language <br />form, meaning and context allows for the identification of the variety of styles of <br />communication adopted by the different political antagonisms and the different contents of <br />their communication through graffiti as well as the key elements of their political identities. <br />Key words: political radicalism, graffiti, linguistics</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2024131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36531b0086e55d70ea1d9001ac0c94f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30579035,"asset_id":2024131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30579035/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2464243" href="https://utu.academia.edu/NicolaGuerra">Nicola Guerra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2464243" type="text/json">{"id":2464243,"first_name":"Nicola","last_name":"Guerra","domain_name":"utu","page_name":"NicolaGuerra","display_name":"Nicola Guerra","profile_url":"https://utu.academia.edu/NicolaGuerra?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2464243/793511/57524901/s65_nicola.guerra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2024131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2024131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2024131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2024131", }); 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For the purpose of this article, during the period from June\r\n2011 to June 2012, a total of 165 graffiti have been photographed, of which 83 painted by\r\nneo-fascist groups, 72 by extreme left groups and 10 by anarchist groups. These three\r\nmacro communities, made of different subgroups, emerged as the most active in expressing\r\ntheir antagonism towards the parliamentary parties with their graffiti that combine semantic\r\n(words) and semiotic (images) elements. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/38518245/Walter_Benjamin_Pour_une_critique_de_la_violence_traduit_de_lallemand_par_A_Wiser_">Walter Benjamin, Pour une critique de la violence (traduit de l'allemand par A. Wiser)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">“Si la police peut paraître partout semblable jusque dans les détails, il ne faut pas finalement se méprendre : son esprit est moins dévastateur dans la monarchie absolue, où elle représente la violence d’un souverain qui réunit en lui... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38518245" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">“Si la police peut paraître partout semblable jusque dans les détails, il ne faut pas finalement se méprendre : son esprit est moins dévastateur dans la monarchie absolue, où elle représente la violence d’un souverain qui réunit en lui l’omnipotence législative et exécutive, que dans les démocraties, où son existence, soutenue par aucune relation de ce type, témoigne de la plus grande dégénérescence possible de la violence.” <br />Benjamin pose dans cet essai la question de la validité morale de la violence, en tant que fondement ou partie intégrante du droit. <br />Le droit naturel ne voit aucun inconvénient à user de la violence pour des fins justes. L’adage en serait “la fin justifie les moyens”. Cet exercice-là de la violence a pu par exemple s’exprimer dans la Terreur pendant la Révolution française. Il revient à considérer la violence comme une donnée naturelle. Au contraire, le droit positif la définit comme le “produit d’un devenir historique”. Pour le droit naturel, seule la justesse de la fin compte. Pour le droit positif, tout droit s’établit sur la critique des moyens. <br />Il convient de distinguer les différents types de violence indépendamment des circonstances de leur exercice, de s’écarter du droit naturel comme du droit positif. Il faut se tourner vers l’histoire, la distinction des violences devant se fonder sur la “reconnaissance historique universelle de leurs fins”. C’est in fine le droit qui s’octroie le privilège de la violence vu qu’il serait menacé si elle venait à s’exercer en dehors de lui. Pour ce faire, il se retrouve à lui-même l’autoriser, par exemple sous la forme du droit de grève. Ou bien à user lui-même de la violence suprême, “celle qui dispose de la vie et de la mort”, à travers la peine de mort, laquelle le fortifie. Le pouvoir recourt à la violence, qui le fonde et le préserve. <br />Loin d'une critique naïve de la violence, Walter Benjamin en étudie méthodiquement les ressorts afin de pouvoir fonder en raison une véritable justice sociale. <br />Traduit de l'allemand par Antonin Wiser.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38518245" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b822b7ef896fe0d384efd8f3afb08662" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58586631,"asset_id":38518245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58586631/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1163163" href="https://204.academia.edu/antoninwiser">antonin wiser</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1163163" type="text/json">{"id":1163163,"first_name":"antonin","last_name":"wiser","domain_name":"204","page_name":"antoninwiser","display_name":"antonin wiser","profile_url":"https://204.academia.edu/antoninwiser?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1163163/1626690/6825939/s65_antonin.wiser.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38518245 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38518245"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38518245, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38518245", }); 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Cet exercice-là de la violence a pu par exemple s’exprimer dans la Terreur pendant la Révolution française. Il revient à considérer la violence comme une donnée naturelle. Au contraire, le droit positif la définit comme le “produit d’un devenir historique”. Pour le droit naturel, seule la justesse de la fin compte. Pour le droit positif, tout droit s’établit sur la critique des moyens.\r\nIl convient de distinguer les différents types de violence indépendamment des circonstances de leur exercice, de s’écarter du droit naturel comme du droit positif. Il faut se tourner vers l’histoire, la distinction des violences devant se fonder sur la “reconnaissance historique universelle de leurs fins”. C’est in fine le droit qui s’octroie le privilège de la violence vu qu’il serait menacé si elle venait à s’exercer en dehors de lui. Pour ce faire, il se retrouve à lui-même l’autoriser, par exemple sous la forme du droit de grève. Ou bien à user lui-même de la violence suprême, “celle qui dispose de la vie et de la mort”, à travers la peine de mort, laquelle le fortifie. Le pouvoir recourt à la violence, qui le fonde et le préserve.\r\nLoin d'une critique naïve de la violence, Walter Benjamin en étudie méthodiquement les ressorts afin de pouvoir fonder en raison une véritable justice sociale.\r\nTraduit de l'allemand par Antonin Wiser. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58586631,"asset_id":38518245,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1163163,"first_name":"antonin","last_name":"wiser","domain_name":"204","page_name":"antoninwiser","display_name":"antonin wiser","profile_url":"https://204.academia.edu/antoninwiser?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1163163/1626690/6825939/s65_antonin.wiser.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":3405,"name":"Frankfurt School (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frankfurt_School_Philosophy_?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":8330,"name":"Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":22576,"name":"Frankfurt School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frankfurt_School?f_ri=7980"},{"id":51265,"name":"Philosophie","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie?f_ri=7980"},{"id":245571,"name":"Philosophie Du Droit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophie_Du_Droit?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1409443,"name":"Ecole De Francfort","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecole_De_Francfort?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38817090" data-work_id="38817090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38817090/Is_Violence_Acceptable_for_Social_Change">Is Violence Acceptable for Social Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Paper presented at Notre Dame Student Peace Conference, "Expanding Circles: Peace in a Polarized Age?" (March 30, 2019) Though violence is typically a negatively viewed concept in regards to social disruptions and change, historically... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38817090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Paper presented at Notre Dame Student Peace Conference, "Expanding Circles: Peace in a Polarized Age?" (March 30, 2019)<br /><br />Though violence is typically a negatively viewed concept in regards to social disruptions and change, historically social conditions have been shaped through or alongside its usage. This paper explores three instances of violence, how it has been justified, and considers how violence can be discussed in regards to action-guidance for social change.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38817090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8eebcdd14ba064993577fd198585687f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58909519,"asset_id":38817090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58909519/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1836883" href="https://binghamton.academia.edu/AdamRenner">Adam Renner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1836883" type="text/json">{"id":1836883,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Renner","domain_name":"binghamton","page_name":"AdamRenner","display_name":"Adam Renner","profile_url":"https://binghamton.academia.edu/AdamRenner?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1836883/625422/20226095/s65_adam.renner.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38817090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38817090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38817090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38817090", }); 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This paper explores three instances of violence, how it has been justified, and considers how violence can be discussed in regards to action-guidance for social change.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58909519,"asset_id":38817090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1836883,"first_name":"Adam","last_name":"Renner","domain_name":"binghamton","page_name":"AdamRenner","display_name":"Adam Renner","profile_url":"https://binghamton.academia.edu/AdamRenner?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1836883/625422/20226095/s65_adam.renner.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":904,"name":"Normative Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normative_Ethics?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5847,"name":"Political Extremism/Radicalism/Populism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Extremism_Radicalism_Populism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":36059,"name":"Environmentalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmentalism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":53086,"name":"Labor Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Movements?f_ri=7980"},{"id":966744,"name":"Ecoterrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecoterrorism?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49083974" data-work_id="49083974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49083974/Just_War_in_the_Image_of_Emer_de_Vattel">Just War in the Image of Emer de Vattel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49083974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e6cc8d1f95e87671daa623f886c7a94" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67479627,"asset_id":49083974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67479627/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35774047" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AAure">Andreas Aure</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35774047" type="text/json">{"id":35774047,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Aure","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AAure","display_name":"Andreas Aure","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AAure?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35774047/38434106/32158795/s65_andreas.aure.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49083974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49083974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49083974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49083974", }); 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Die Geschichte der SA, Munich: Siedler, 2019.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">5 Der »Röhm-Putsch« und der mythos vom homosexuellen nazi 225 Showdown 225 »Reichsmordwoche« 232 Konsequenzen 246 Dieses Buch ist auch als e-Book erhältlich. Die englische Originalausgabe erschien 2017 unter dem Titel »Stormtroopers: a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45630261" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">5 Der »Röhm-Putsch« und der mythos vom homosexuellen nazi 225 Showdown 225 »Reichsmordwoche« 232 Konsequenzen 246 Dieses Buch ist auch als e-Book erhältlich. Die englische Originalausgabe erschien 2017 unter dem Titel »Stormtroopers: a new History of Hitler's Brownshirts« bei Yale University Press. Sollte diese Publikation links auf Webseiten Dritter enthalten, so übernehmen wir für deren inhalte keine Haftung, da wir uns diese nicht zu eigen machen, sondern lediglich auf deren Stand zum Zeitpunkt der erstveröffentlichung verweisen.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45630261" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5655262cfa46df2c7aee90c5703a5726" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66122570,"asset_id":45630261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66122570/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3236668" href="https://newcastle.academia.edu/DanielSiemens">Daniel Siemens</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3236668" type="text/json">{"id":3236668,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Siemens","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"DanielSiemens","display_name":"Daniel Siemens","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/DanielSiemens?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3236668/1066994/18466326/s65_daniel.siemens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45630261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45630261"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45630261, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45630261", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45630261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45630261; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45630261"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45630261 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45630261"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45630261; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45630261]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45630261").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45630261").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45630261"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History">European History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="131" type="text/json">{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History">German History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1729" type="text/json">{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45630261]'), work: {"id":45630261,"title":"Daniel Siemens, Sturmabteilung. Die Geschichte der SA, Munich: Siedler, 2019.","created_at":"2021-03-28T14:53:29.918-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45630261/Daniel_Siemens_Sturmabteilung_Die_Geschichte_der_SA_Munich_Siedler_2019?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_45630261","summary":"5 Der »Röhm-Putsch« und der mythos vom homosexuellen nazi 225 Showdown 225 »Reichsmordwoche« 232 Konsequenzen 246 Dieses Buch ist auch als e-Book erhältlich. Die englische Originalausgabe erschien 2017 unter dem Titel »Stormtroopers: a new History of Hitler's Brownshirts« bei Yale University Press. Sollte diese Publikation links auf Webseiten Dritter enthalten, so übernehmen wir für deren inhalte keine Haftung, da wir uns diese nicht zu eigen machen, sondern lediglich auf deren Stand zum Zeitpunkt der erstveröffentlichung verweisen.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66122570,"asset_id":45630261,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3236668,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Siemens","domain_name":"newcastle","page_name":"DanielSiemens","display_name":"Daniel Siemens","profile_url":"https://newcastle.academia.edu/DanielSiemens?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3236668/1066994/18466326/s65_daniel.siemens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":131,"name":"European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1729,"name":"German History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/German_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":22472,"name":"Weimar Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weimar_Republic?f_ri=7980"},{"id":22644,"name":"National Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Socialism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":77293,"name":"Holocaust and Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Holocaust_and_Genocide_Studies?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3480334" data-work_id="3480334" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3480334/Melawan_Lupa_Narasi_Narasi_Taman_65_Bali">Melawan Lupa: Narasi-Narasi Taman 65 Bali</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Bali has been regarded as a 'paradise island', 'island of thousand temples' and many other images to support the growth of tourism industry. In fact, the industry has been developed massively after a mass massacre of the leftists and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3480334" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Bali has been regarded as a 'paradise island', 'island of thousand temples' and many other images to support the growth of tourism industry. In fact, the industry has been developed massively  after a mass massacre of the leftists and radical populists associated with PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) taking place in 1965-1966 led by General Soeharto. The images have been a strategy for romanticizing Balinese culture while simultaneously forgetting the traumatic tragedy of 1965.  Although the history has been distorted by the regime and most Balinese are reluctant to talk about tragedy, a few Balinese youth has established a community called Taman 65 (1965 Park) as a learning circle to study and challenge the state history. This book is a collection of their thoughts on history, Balinese social dynamics, and contemporary issues in Bali that arguably cannot be separated from the 1965 event.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3480334" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a5af6dc7ffc31689280f3d0b2b19706" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31228225,"asset_id":3480334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31228225/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3540835" href="https://ugm.academia.edu/AgungWardana">Agung Wardana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3540835" type="text/json">{"id":3540835,"first_name":"Agung","last_name":"Wardana","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"AgungWardana","display_name":"Agung Wardana","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/AgungWardana?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3540835/1218938/78217811/s65_agung.wardana.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3480334 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3480334"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3480334, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3480334", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3480334]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3480334").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3480334").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3480334"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3480334]'), work: {"id":3480334,"title":"Melawan Lupa: Narasi-Narasi Taman 65 Bali","created_at":"2013-05-07T00:10:52.085-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3480334/Melawan_Lupa_Narasi_Narasi_Taman_65_Bali?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_3480334","summary":"Bali has been regarded as a 'paradise island', 'island of thousand temples' and many other images to support the growth of tourism industry. In fact, the industry has been developed massively after a mass massacre of the leftists and radical populists associated with PKI (Communist Party of Indonesia) taking place in 1965-1966 led by General Soeharto. The images have been a strategy for romanticizing Balinese culture while simultaneously forgetting the traumatic tragedy of 1965. Although the history has been distorted by the regime and most Balinese are reluctant to talk about tragedy, a few Balinese youth has established a community called Taman 65 (1965 Park) as a learning circle to study and challenge the state history. This book is a collection of their thoughts on history, Balinese social dynamics, and contemporary issues in Bali that arguably cannot be separated from the 1965 event. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31228225,"asset_id":3480334,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3540835,"first_name":"Agung","last_name":"Wardana","domain_name":"ugm","page_name":"AgungWardana","display_name":"Agung Wardana","profile_url":"https://ugm.academia.edu/AgungWardana?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3540835/1218938/78217811/s65_agung.wardana.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1089,"name":"Social epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_epidemiology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4058,"name":"Ritual","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ritual?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4259,"name":"Stigma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stigma?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=7980"},{"id":4814,"name":"HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS?f_ri=7980"},{"id":5604,"name":"Collective Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=7980"},{"id":13430,"name":"Social Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Exclusion?f_ri=7980"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7980"},{"id":19298,"name":"Community Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Participation?f_ri=7980"},{"id":23322,"name":"Southeast Asian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Literature?f_ri=7980"},{"id":29243,"name":"Bali (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bali_Anthropology_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":29245,"name":"Southeast Asian history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_history?f_ri=7980"},{"id":46644,"name":"Social Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inequality?f_ri=7980"},{"id":55422,"name":"Bali","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bali?f_ri=7980"},{"id":55427,"name":"Social Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Structure?f_ri=7980"},{"id":59372,"name":"Malnutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malnutrition?f_ri=7980"},{"id":129973,"name":"Ceremony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceremony?f_ri=7980"},{"id":721730,"name":"Power and Empowerment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_and_Empowerment?f_ri=7980"},{"id":974541,"name":"Religion In Bali","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_In_Bali?f_ri=7980"},{"id":974543,"name":"Balinese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Balinese_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":990642,"name":"Southeast Asian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Religion?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41637260" data-work_id="41637260" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41637260/Anxiety_Chaos_and_the_Raj">Anxiety, Chaos, and the Raj</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chaos reigns—at least in the historiography of the Raj. It was once the consensus among historians that British imperial authority in the Indian subcontinent was secure for at least the century-and-a-half before the Second World War.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41637260" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chaos reigns—at least in the historiography of the Raj. It was once the consensus among historians that British imperial authority in the Indian subcontinent was secure for at least the century-and-a-half before the Second World War. Recently, however, this narrative has drawn a range of challenges. Prominently, Mark Condos and Jon Wilson have held that British imperial authority was chronically insecure. In their view the irrational anxiety of generations of British officials produced a chaotic administration with minimal social purchase or ideological coherence. Instead of a confident state capable of acting as it chose, these historians have limned a psychologically embattled one incapable of acting except in the abstract, small-scale, or short-term. Their bold revision succeeds in dispelling the aura of indomitability that has often surrounded the Raj, and in directing attention to its overlooked discontents and weaknesses. Yet their characterization of the British regime as constantly and pervasively anxious is more an article of faith than a conclusion warranted by evidence. Nor do they explain how, if the regime suffered from permanent ‘chaos’ or ‘insecurity’, it managed to survive for some two hundred years. At the heart of Condos and Wilson’s approach is an effort to bypass texts that results, instead, in misreading them. It is largely by reemphasizing rigorous textual methods, therefore, that Durba Ghosh offers a compelling alternative approach to the history of state vulnerability and disorder.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41637260" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="899372bc1c3f7fa66bf1148b44704260" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63414910,"asset_id":41637260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63414910/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2561413" href="https://umac.academia.edu/JoshuaEhrlich">Joshua Ehrlich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2561413" type="text/json">{"id":2561413,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Ehrlich","domain_name":"umac","page_name":"JoshuaEhrlich","display_name":"Joshua Ehrlich","profile_url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JoshuaEhrlich?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2561413/801450/72013764/s65_joshua.ehrlich.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41637260 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41637260"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41637260, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41637260", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41637260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41637260").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41637260").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41637260"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History">Intellectual History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135" type="text/json">{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1053" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas">History of Ideas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1053" type="text/json">{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History">British History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2324" type="text/json">{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5524" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions">History Of Emotions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5524" type="text/json">{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41637260]'), work: {"id":41637260,"title":"Anxiety, Chaos, and the Raj","created_at":"2020-01-15T02:47:04.095-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41637260/Anxiety_Chaos_and_the_Raj?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_41637260","summary":"Chaos reigns—at least in the historiography of the Raj. It was once the consensus among historians that British imperial authority in the Indian subcontinent was secure for at least the century-and-a-half before the Second World War. Recently, however, this narrative has drawn a range of challenges. Prominently, Mark Condos and Jon Wilson have held that British imperial authority was chronically insecure. In their view the irrational anxiety of generations of British officials produced a chaotic administration with minimal social purchase or ideological coherence. Instead of a confident state capable of acting as it chose, these historians have limned a psychologically embattled one incapable of acting except in the abstract, small-scale, or short-term. Their bold revision succeeds in dispelling the aura of indomitability that has often surrounded the Raj, and in directing attention to its overlooked discontents and weaknesses. Yet their characterization of the British regime as constantly and pervasively anxious is more an article of faith than a conclusion warranted by evidence. Nor do they explain how, if the regime suffered from permanent ‘chaos’ or ‘insecurity’, it managed to survive for some two hundred years. At the heart of Condos and Wilson’s approach is an effort to bypass texts that results, instead, in misreading them. It is largely by reemphasizing rigorous textual methods, therefore, that Durba Ghosh offers a compelling alternative approach to the history of state vulnerability and disorder.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63414910,"asset_id":41637260,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2561413,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Ehrlich","domain_name":"umac","page_name":"JoshuaEhrlich","display_name":"Joshua Ehrlich","profile_url":"https://umac.academia.edu/JoshuaEhrlich?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2561413/801450/72013764/s65_joshua.ehrlich.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":135,"name":"Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":1053,"name":"History of Ideas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Ideas?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":2324,"name":"British History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_History?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5524,"name":"History Of Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Emotions?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":6926,"name":"South Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":8284,"name":"History of Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Terrorism?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=7980"},{"id":12961,"name":"British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Empire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":15677,"name":"History Of Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Psychology?f_ri=7980"},{"id":35165,"name":"History of the British Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_British_Empire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":38676,"name":"Anxiety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety?f_ri=7980"},{"id":54172,"name":"Chaos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chaos?f_ri=7980"},{"id":58559,"name":"East India Company","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/East_India_Company?f_ri=7980"},{"id":75814,"name":"Indian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_History?f_ri=7980"},{"id":198582,"name":"British Indian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Indian_Empire?f_ri=7980"},{"id":365814,"name":"British Raj","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Raj?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14754090" data-work_id="14754090" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14754090/ETHNICITY_AND_THE_FORMATION_OF_THE_EAST_AFRICAN_FEDERATION_THE_SOCIAL_ASPECT_IN_UGANDAN_CONTEXT">ETHNICITY AND THE FORMATION OF THE EAST AFRICAN FEDERATION: THE SOCIAL ASPECT IN UGANDAN CONTEXT</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT The study examined the influence of ethnicity on the formation of the East African Federation; putting emphasis on the social aspect in Uganda. The study utilised a Descriptive cross-sectional survey design, and on the basis of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14754090" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT<br />The study examined the influence of ethnicity on the<br />formation of the East African Federation; putting<br />emphasis on the social aspect in Uganda. The study<br />utilised a Descriptive cross-sectional survey design,<br />and on the basis of purposive, and random sampling<br />techniques, 385 respondents were selected who<br />included Social workers, Businessmen and Women,<br />Distinguished Citizens, Members of Parliament, Cabinet<br />Ministers, Leaders of Political Parties in Uganda,<br />Cabinet Ministers, and Rural people who revealed<br />information through the study Questionnaires and<br />Interview guides. The findings reveal that the East<br />African Federation cannot attain social unity of its<br />citizens, because of the different ethnic backgrounds of<br />people in the region and also the idea is a persuasion<br />by Political Leaders based on technocratic expertise<br />and not ideological grounds. The study concluded that<br />the rigid divide in methodological application of<br />cultural and rational accounts among Ugandan, and<br />East African Ethnic groups will greatly influence the<br />realization of a fruitful East African Federation.<br />Key words: Ethnicity, Federation, social unity, Uganda, and<br />East Africa.<br />*Corresponding Author E-mail: <a href="mailto:jonpkasujja@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">jonpkasujja@gmail.com</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14754090" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6416b5fa73c8aef9c8b817c7144c5fc7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38416662,"asset_id":14754090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38416662/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24693631" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KasujjaJOHNPAUL">Kasujja JOHN PAUL</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24693631" type="text/json">{"id":24693631,"first_name":"Kasujja","last_name":"JOHN PAUL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KasujjaJOHNPAUL","display_name":"Kasujja JOHN PAUL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KasujjaJOHNPAUL?f_ri=7980","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14754090 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14754090"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14754090, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14754090", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14754090]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14754090").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14754090").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14754090"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14754090]'), work: {"id":14754090,"title":"ETHNICITY AND THE FORMATION OF THE EAST AFRICAN FEDERATION: THE SOCIAL ASPECT IN UGANDAN CONTEXT","created_at":"2015-08-07T23:58:39.020-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14754090/ETHNICITY_AND_THE_FORMATION_OF_THE_EAST_AFRICAN_FEDERATION_THE_SOCIAL_ASPECT_IN_UGANDAN_CONTEXT?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_14754090","summary":"ABSTRACT\nThe study examined the influence of ethnicity on the\nformation of the East African Federation; putting\nemphasis on the social aspect in Uganda. The study\nutilised a Descriptive cross-sectional survey design,\nand on the basis of purposive, and random sampling\ntechniques, 385 respondents were selected who\nincluded Social workers, Businessmen and Women,\nDistinguished Citizens, Members of Parliament, Cabinet\nMinisters, Leaders of Political Parties in Uganda,\nCabinet Ministers, and Rural people who revealed\ninformation through the study Questionnaires and\nInterview guides. The findings reveal that the East\nAfrican Federation cannot attain social unity of its\ncitizens, because of the different ethnic backgrounds of\npeople in the region and also the idea is a persuasion\nby Political Leaders based on technocratic expertise\nand not ideological grounds. The study concluded that\nthe rigid divide in methodological application of\ncultural and rational accounts among Ugandan, and\nEast African Ethnic groups will greatly influence the\nrealization of a fruitful East African Federation.\nKey words: Ethnicity, Federation, social unity, Uganda, and\nEast Africa.\n*Corresponding Author E-mail: jonpkasujja@gmail.com\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38416662,"asset_id":14754090,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24693631,"first_name":"Kasujja","last_name":"JOHN PAUL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KasujjaJOHNPAUL","display_name":"Kasujja JOHN PAUL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KasujjaJOHNPAUL?f_ri=7980","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7160867" data-work_id="7160867" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7160867/Perspectives_on_Radicalisation_and_Political_Violence">Perspectives on Radicalisation and Political Violence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This booklet is the result of the First International Conference on Radicalisation and Political Violence, which took place in London on 17-18 January 2008. The purpose of the conference was to bring together policymakers, senior... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7160867" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This booklet is the result of the First International Conference on Radicalisation and Political Violence, which took place in London on 17-18 January 2008. The purpose of the conference was to bring together policymakers, senior practitioners and leading experts, and provide them with an opportunity to exchange and develop their ideas on how best to counter the growth of radicalisation and political violence.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7160867" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b8df962293a6d972e520249f1edc6dd4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33792931,"asset_id":7160867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33792931/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="990935" href="https://cgsc.academia.edu/JacobStoil">Jacob Stoil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="990935" type="text/json">{"id":990935,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Stoil","domain_name":"cgsc","page_name":"JacobStoil","display_name":"Jacob Stoil","profile_url":"https://cgsc.academia.edu/JacobStoil?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/990935/2658068/6829798/s65_jacob.stoil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7160867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7160867"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7160867, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7160867", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7160867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7160867; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7160867"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7160867 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7160867"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7160867; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7160867]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7160867").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7160867").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7160867"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism">Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1660" type="text/json">{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5686" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism">Political Violence and Terrorism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5686" type="text/json">{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="960598" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Political_Violence">Religious and Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="960598" type="text/json">{"id":960598,"name":"Religious and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7160867]'), work: {"id":7160867,"title":"Perspectives on Radicalisation and Political Violence","created_at":"2014-05-26T02:53:14.618-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7160867/Perspectives_on_Radicalisation_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_7160867","summary":"This booklet is the result of the First International Conference on Radicalisation and Political Violence, which took place in London on 17-18 January 2008. The purpose of the conference was to bring together policymakers, senior practitioners and leading experts, and provide them with an opportunity to exchange and develop their ideas on how best to counter the growth of radicalisation and political violence. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33792931,"asset_id":7160867,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":990935,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Stoil","domain_name":"cgsc","page_name":"JacobStoil","display_name":"Jacob Stoil","profile_url":"https://cgsc.academia.edu/JacobStoil?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/990935/2658068/6829798/s65_jacob.stoil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1660,"name":"Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":960598,"name":"Religious and Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_and_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43442268" data-work_id="43442268" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43442268/Deadwood_oro_e_violenza_nelle_Black_Hills">Deadwood: oro e violenza nelle Black Hills</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"Deadwood fu protagonista di leggende e di dime novels, che ben rappresentarono le peripezie di un luogo così selvaggio. Oro, sesso, droga e alcool fecero da cornice a una vera e propria giungla popolata da “bestie locali”, immersa nella... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43442268" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"Deadwood fu protagonista di leggende e di dime novels, che ben rappresentarono le peripezie di un luogo così selvaggio. Oro, sesso, droga e alcool fecero da cornice a una vera e propria giungla popolata da “bestie locali”, immersa nella wilderness americana: terreno di caccia di personaggi di dubbia moralità, fuorilegge, prostitute e cercatori d’oro, ossessionati dalla volontà di arricchirsi e da svaghi a cui, una volta provati, non potevano rinunciare." Introduzione 1. Espansione. - I primi problemi - Corsa all’oro nelle Black Hills - Il massacro di Little Big Horn 2. Deadwood, HBO (2004). Forme di rappresentazione della violenza - Al Swearengen e gli altri - Wild Bill Hickok e Calamity Jane: tra storia e leggenda 3. Deadwood, HBO (2004). La violenza dei potenti - Un po’ di storia - I Pinkerton e George Hearst</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43442268" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f11ff83536c56dd4d1fe5159af968db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63747692,"asset_id":43442268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63747692/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17134898" href="https://unibg.academia.edu/AlessandroLocatelli">Alessandro Locatelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17134898" type="text/json">{"id":17134898,"first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Locatelli","domain_name":"unibg","page_name":"AlessandroLocatelli","display_name":"Alessandro Locatelli","profile_url":"https://unibg.academia.edu/AlessandroLocatelli?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17134898/5239584/35466943/s65_alessandro.locatelli.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43442268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43442268"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43442268, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43442268", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43442268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43442268; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43442268"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43442268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43442268"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43442268; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43442268]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43442268").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43442268").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43442268"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature">American Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10" type="text/json">{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies">Native American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="299" type="text/json">{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="390" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies">American Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="390" type="text/json">{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence">History of Political Violence</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7980" type="text/json">{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43442268]'), work: {"id":43442268,"title":"Deadwood: oro e violenza nelle Black Hills","created_at":"2020-06-26T06:31:10.727-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43442268/Deadwood_oro_e_violenza_nelle_Black_Hills?f_ri=7980","dom_id":"work_43442268","summary":"\"Deadwood fu protagonista di leggende e di dime novels, che ben rappresentarono le peripezie di un luogo così selvaggio. Oro, sesso, droga e alcool fecero da cornice a una vera e propria giungla popolata da “bestie locali”, immersa nella wilderness americana: terreno di caccia di personaggi di dubbia moralità, fuorilegge, prostitute e cercatori d’oro, ossessionati dalla volontà di arricchirsi e da svaghi a cui, una volta provati, non potevano rinunciare.\" Introduzione 1. Espansione. - I primi problemi - Corsa all’oro nelle Black Hills - Il massacro di Little Big Horn 2. Deadwood, HBO (2004). Forme di rappresentazione della violenza - Al Swearengen e gli altri - Wild Bill Hickok e Calamity Jane: tra storia e leggenda 3. Deadwood, HBO (2004). La violenza dei potenti - Un po’ di storia - I Pinkerton e George Hearst ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63747692,"asset_id":43442268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17134898,"first_name":"Alessandro","last_name":"Locatelli","domain_name":"unibg","page_name":"AlessandroLocatelli","display_name":"Alessandro Locatelli","profile_url":"https://unibg.academia.edu/AlessandroLocatelli?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17134898/5239584/35466943/s65_alessandro.locatelli.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10,"name":"American Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Literature?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":299,"name":"Native American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":390,"name":"American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Studies?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":7980,"name":"History of Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Violence?f_ri=7980","nofollow":true},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":10825,"name":"History of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Violence?f_ri=7980"},{"id":36600,"name":"Native American (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_American_History_?f_ri=7980"},{"id":42114,"name":"Anglo-American literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-American_literature?f_ri=7980"},{"id":149126,"name":"Western Civilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Civilization?f_ri=7980"},{"id":557819,"name":"HBO Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HBO_Series?f_ri=7980"},{"id":711343,"name":"Deadwood","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deadwood?f_ri=7980"},{"id":813732,"name":"Western Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Western_Culture?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34773513" data-work_id="34773513" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34773513/Discovering_Sindh_s_Past_Selections_from_the_Journal_of_the_Sind_Historical_Society_1934_1948_OUP_2017_">Discovering Sindh’s Past: Selections from the Journal of the Sind Historical Society, 1934–1948 (OUP, 2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This collection of thirteen articles from the Journal of the Sind Historical Society concentrates on precolonial and colonial Sind. These articles reveal much about Sindh’s past and historically showcase the region’s broad socio-cultural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34773513" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This collection of thirteen articles from the Journal of the Sind Historical Society concentrates on precolonial and colonial Sind. These articles reveal much about Sindh’s past and historically showcase the region’s broad socio-cultural spectrum. Scholarship frequently overlooks the subjects and people in this collection. In part, this oversight is due to so few libraries (both in Pakistan and around the world) having copies of the Journal of the Sind Historical Society. There are no reprints of these articles in any other book, nor has anyone reprinted them in their entirety since the 1930s and 1940s.<br /><br />The articles in this book not only deepen knowledge about Sindh but also the history of Pakistan and the diversity of its people. They represent, like most research printed in the Journal of the Sind Historical Society, ‘forgotten’ chapters in both Sindhi and Pakistani history. These chapters celebrate Pakistan’s socio-cultural diversity and point toward how the histories of region and nation should be intertwined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34773513" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e104d754c6faaa128acd7d65d5968c0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55545873,"asset_id":34773513,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55545873/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8397371" href="https://nc-central.academia.edu/MatthewCook">Matthew A . Cook</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8397371" type="text/json">{"id":8397371,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Cook","domain_name":"nc-central","page_name":"MatthewCook","display_name":"Matthew A . 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These articles reveal much about Sindh’s past and historically showcase the region’s broad socio-cultural spectrum. Scholarship frequently overlooks the subjects and people in this collection. In part, this oversight is due to so few libraries (both in Pakistan and around the world) having copies of the Journal of the Sind Historical Society. There are no reprints of these articles in any other book, nor has anyone reprinted them in their entirety since the 1930s and 1940s.\n\nThe articles in this book not only deepen knowledge about Sindh but also the history of Pakistan and the diversity of its people. They represent, like most research printed in the Journal of the Sind Historical Society, ‘forgotten’ chapters in both Sindhi and Pakistani history. These chapters celebrate Pakistan’s socio-cultural diversity and point toward how the histories of region and nation should be intertwined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55545873,"asset_id":34773513,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8397371,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Cook","domain_name":"nc-central","page_name":"MatthewCook","display_name":"Matthew A . 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Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=7980"},{"id":695049,"name":"History of Sindh","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Sindh?f_ri=7980"},{"id":701973,"name":"Historical Anthropology, Microhistory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Anthropology_Microhistory?f_ri=7980"},{"id":966086,"name":"Sindhi Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sindhi_Literature?f_ri=7980"},{"id":1238941,"name":"Sindhi Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sindhi_Language?f_ri=7980"},{"id":2501790,"name":"Sindhi Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sindhi_Studies?f_ri=7980"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65377547" data-work_id="65377547" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65377547/Organized_Violence_and_Historical_Sociology">Organized Violence and Historical Sociology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter briefly reviews and analyzes the key contributions on organized violence within historical sociology. It explores both the macro-and micro-level studies that have influenced recent debates within the field. The first section... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65377547" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter briefly reviews and analyzes the key contributions on organized violence within historical sociology. It explores both the macro-and micro-level studies that have influenced recent debates within the field. The first section looks at war and warfare, the second section analyzes the clandestine political violence, the third section explores the revolutions, and the final section engages with the scholarship on genocides.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65377547" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48425158b4b6262395e1e880a9a06287" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77000812,"asset_id":65377547,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77000812/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6314010" href="https://ulb.academia.edu/httprepiulbacbefruserscolsson">Christian Olsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6314010" type="text/json">{"id":6314010,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Olsson","domain_name":"ulb","page_name":"httprepiulbacbefruserscolsson","display_name":"Christian Olsson","profile_url":"https://ulb.academia.edu/httprepiulbacbefruserscolsson?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6314010/8145574/19333996/s65_christian.olsson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65377547 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65377547"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65377547, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65377547", }); 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Broadly, these ideas and practices seek to deploy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2136175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Maoism refers to an ensemble of revolutionary ideas and practices inspired by the life and work of the Chinese political leader and philosopher Mao Tse-tung (1893Tse-tung ( -1976. Broadly, these ideas and practices seek to deploy militant, even violent methods to install a new radical democratic regime that is committed to the collective pursuit of dignity, freedom, and equality.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2136175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caf532bcb3ae80a7b77efdb9dc72492c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32998473,"asset_id":2136175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32998473/download_file?st=MTczOTcxNTA3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="474972" href="https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/UdayChandra">Uday Chandra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="474972" type="text/json">{"id":474972,"first_name":"Uday","last_name":"Chandra","domain_name":"sfs-georgetown","page_name":"UdayChandra","display_name":"Uday Chandra","profile_url":"https://sfs-georgetown.academia.edu/UdayChandra?f_ri=7980","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/474972/159315/11102731/s65_uday.chandra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2136175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2136175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2136175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2136175", }); 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