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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Aesthetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aesthetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> 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class="mw-page-title-main">Inca architecture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7" title="الهندسة المعمارية لحضارة الإنكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهندسة المعمارية لحضارة الإنكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_inca" title="Arquitectura inca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura inca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inck%C3%A1_architektura" title="Incká architektura – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Incká architektura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_incaica" title="Arquitectura incaica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura incaica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_inca" title="Architettura inca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura inca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Архитектура на Инките – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Архитектура на Инките" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇൻകൻ വാസ്തുവിദ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇൻകൻ വാസ്തുവിദ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inklar_arxitekturasi" title="Inklar arxitekturasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Inklar arxitekturasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura_inc%C3%A0ica" title="Architetura incàica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Architetura incàica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuka_Ink%C3%B3w" title="Sztuka Inków – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuka Inków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkakunap_wasichasqankuna" title="Inkakunap wasichasqankuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inkakunap wasichasqankuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Архитектура инков – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архитектура инков" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%98%E0%B7%84_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BA" title="ඉන්කා ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්කා ගෘහ නිර්මාණ ශිල්පය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkojen_arkkitehtuuri" title="Inkojen arkkitehtuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Inkojen arkkitehtuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkarikets_arkitektur" title="Inkarikets arkitektur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inkarikets arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nka_mimarisi" title="İnka mimarisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnka mimarisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Архітектура інків – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архітектура інків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2004258#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Inca_wall_1_-_Coricancha_Peru.jpg/330px-Inca_wall_1_-_Coricancha_Peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Inca_wall_1_-_Coricancha_Peru.jpg/440px-Inca_wall_1_-_Coricancha_Peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Wall of the <a href="/wiki/Coricancha" title="Coricancha">Coricancha</a> temple, at <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cuzco</a>, the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Machu_Picchu_(5055856044).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg/200px-Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg/300px-Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg/400px-Machu_Picchu_%285055856044%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6876" data-file-height="2147" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Inca society</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inca_army" title="Inca army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incan_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Incan agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayllu" title="Ayllu">Ayllu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_cuisine" title="Inca cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_education" title="Inca education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incan_engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Incan engineers">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Inca_Empire" title="Religion in the Inca Empire">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">Roads</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Incas" title="History of the Incas">Inca history</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Kingdom of Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cusco" title="History of Cusco">History of Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca%E2%80%93Chanka_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca–Chanka war">Inca–Chanka war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimor%E2%80%93Inca_War" title="Chimor–Inca War">Chimor–Inca War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incas_in_Central_Chile" title="Incas in Central Chile">Invasion of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Civil_War" title="Inca Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Spanish conquest</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inca_civilization" title="Template:Inca civilization"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inca_civilization" title="Template talk:Inca civilization"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inca_civilization" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inca civilization"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Inca architecture</b> is the most significant <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian">pre-Columbian</a> <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. The Incas inherited an architectural legacy from <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a>, founded in the 2nd century B.C.E. in present-day <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>. A core characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural style</a> was to use the topography and existing materials of the land as part of the design.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital of the Inca empire, <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cuzco</a>, still contains many fine examples of Inca architecture, although many walls of Inca masonry have been incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a> structures. The famous royal estate of <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a> (Machu Pikchu) is a surviving example of Inca architecture. Other significant sites include <a href="/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n" title="Sacsayhuamán">Sacsayhuamán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ollantaytambo" title="Ollantaytambo">Ollantaytambo</a>. The Incas also developed an extensive <a href="/wiki/Inca_road_system" title="Inca road system">road system</a> spanning most of the western length of the continent and placed their distinctive architecture along the way, thereby visually asserting their imperial rule along the frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inca buildings were made out of <a href="/wiki/Fieldstone" title="Fieldstone">fieldstones</a> or semi-worked stone blocks and dirt set in <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">adobe</a> walls were also quite common, usually laid over stone foundations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The material used in the Inca buildings depended on the region, for instance, in the coast they used large rectangular adobe blocks while in the Andes they used local stones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common shape in Inca architecture was the rectangular building without any internal walls and roofed with wooden beams and <a href="/wiki/Thatch" class="mw-redirect" title="Thatch">thatch</a>, usually made from <i><a href="/wiki/Jarava_ichu" title="Jarava ichu">ichu</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were several variations of this basic design, including <a href="/wiki/Gabled_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabled roof">gabled roofs</a>, rooms with one or two of the long sides opened and rooms that shared a long wall.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rectangular buildings were used for quite different functions in almost all Inca buildings, from humble houses to palaces and temples.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, there are some examples of curved walls on Inca buildings, mostly in regions outside the central area of Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two-storeyed buildings were infrequent; when they were built the second floor was accessed from the outside via a stairway or high terrain rather than from the first floor.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wall apertures, including doors, niches and windows, usually had a <a href="/wiki/Trapezoidal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapezoidal">trapezoidal</a> shape; they could be fitted with double or triple <a href="/wiki/Jamb" title="Jamb">jambs</a> as a form of ornamentation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other kinds of decoration were scarce; some walls were painted or adorned with metal plaques, in rare cases walls were sculpted with small animals or geometric patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg/220px-Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg/330px-Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg/440px-Macchu_Picchu_Stones_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4441" data-file-height="2498" /></a><figcaption>A trapezoidal doorway, a common element in Inca architecture, at Machu Picchu</figcaption></figure> <p>The most common composite form in Inca architecture was the <i><a href="/wiki/Inca_kancha" title="Inca kancha">kancha</a></i>, a rectangular enclosure housing three or more rectangular buildings placed symmetrically around a central courtyard.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kancha</i> units served widely different purposes as they formed the basis of simple dwellings as well as of temples and palaces; furthermore, several <i>kancha</i> could be grouped together to form blocks in Inca settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A testimony of the importance of these compounds in Inca architecture is that the central part of the Inca capital of <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a> consisted of large <i>kancha</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Qurikancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Qurikancha">Qurikancha</a> and the Inca palaces.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best preserved examples of <i>kancha</i> are found at <a href="/wiki/Ollantaytambo" title="Ollantaytambo">Ollantaytambo</a>, an Inca settlement located along the <a href="/wiki/Urubamba_River" title="Urubamba River">Urubamba River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another popular feature of Inca architecture is the <a href="/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa">qullqa</a>, or what was once storehouses for grain and other crops. </p><p>Inca architecture is widely known for its fine masonry, which features precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted without mortar ("<a href="/wiki/Dry_stone" title="Dry stone">dry</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, despite this fame, most Inca buildings were actually made out of fieldstone and adobe as described above.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1940s, American archaeologist <a href="/wiki/John_H._Rowe" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Rowe">John H. Rowe</a> classified Inca fine masonry in two types: coursed, which features rectangular shaped stones, and polygonal, which features blocks of irregular shape.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forty years later, Peruvian architect Santiago Agurto established four subtypes by dividing the categories identified by Rowe:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Cellular polygonal masonry: with small blocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a> polygonal masonry: with very large stones</li> <li>Encased coursed masonry: in which stone blocks are not aligned</li> <li>Sedimentary coursed masonry: in which stones are laid out in horizontal rows (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlars</a>)</li></ul> <p>The first two types were used on important buildings or perimeter walls while the last two were employed mostly on terrace walls and river canalization.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg/220px-Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg/330px-Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg/440px-Walls_at_Sacsayhuaman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a> polygonal masonry at <a href="/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n" title="Sacsayhuamán">Sacsayhuamán</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Graziano_Gasparini" title="Graziano Gasparini">Graziano Gasparini</a> and Luise Margolies, Inca stonemasonry was inspired by the architecture of <a href="/wiki/Tiwanaku" title="Tiwanaku">Tiwanaku</a>, an archaeological site in modern Bolivia built several centuries before the Inca Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They argue that according to <a href="/wiki/Ethnohistory" title="Ethnohistory">ethnohistorical</a> accounts the Incas were impressed by these monuments and employed large numbers of stoneworkers from nearby regions in the construction of their own buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to these references, they also identified some formal similarities between Tiwanaku and Inca architecture including the use of cut and polished stone blocks, as well as of double jambs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A problem with this hypothesis is the question of how expertise was preserved in the three hundred years between the collapse of Tiwanaku and the appearance of the Inca Empire and its architecture. As a solution, John Hyslop has argued that the Tiahuanaco stonemasonry tradition was preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Titicaca" title="Lake Titicaca">Lake Titicaca</a> region in sites such as <a href="/wiki/Tanqa_Tanqa" title="Tanqa Tanqa">Tanqa Tanqa</a>, which features walls resembling Inca polygonal masonry.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second major influence on Inca architecture came from the <a href="/wiki/Wari_culture" title="Wari culture">Wari</a> culture, a civilization contemporary to Tiwanaku. According to Ann Kendall, the Huari introduced their tradition of building rectangular enclosures in the Cusco region, which formed a model for the development of the Inca <i>kancha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is evidence that such traditions were preserved in the Cusco region after the decline of the Wari as is attested by the enclosures found at sites such as <a href="/wiki/Choquequirao" title="Choquequirao">Choquequirao</a> (Chuqi K'iraw), 28 kilometers southeast of the Inca capital.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Masonry_and_construction_methods">Masonry and construction methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Masonry and construction methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg/220px-CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg/330px-CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg/440px-CuscoPiedra12angulo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Twelve-angled_stone" title="Twelve-angled stone">Twelve-angled stone</a> in the Hatun Rumiyoc street of Cusco, is an example of Inca masonry</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg/220px-Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg/330px-Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg/440px-Cyark_Tambo_Colorado_Rm42_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="917" /></a><figcaption>Digital reconstruction of original <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> painting on Room 42 wall, <a href="/wiki/Tambo_Colorado" title="Tambo Colorado">Tambo Colorado</a>; this late Inca period fortress/palace is still largely intact despite being constructed of adobe and located in an earthquake-prone area of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>. Remaining traces of the original paint guided this 2005 reconstruction. Laser scan data taken from a <a href="/wiki/CyArk" title="CyArk">CyArk</a>/<a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> research partnership</figcaption></figure> <p>Extraordinary manpower would have been necessary for large construction projects. The <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> employed a system of tribute to the Inca government in the form of labor, called <a href="/wiki/Mit%27a" title="Mit'a">Mit'a</a> that required all males between 15-50 to work on large public construction projects. Hyslop comments that the 'secret' to the production of fine Inca masonry “…was the social organization necessary to maintain the great numbers of people creating such energy-consuming monuments.” Spanish Chronicler Pedro Cieza De Leon wrote that Pachacuti "ordered 20,000 men sent in from the provinces" for the construction of <a href="/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n" title="Sacsayhuamán">Sacsayhuamán</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leon1553_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leon1553-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water engineer Ken Wright estimates that 60 percent of the Inca construction effort was underground. The Inca built their cities with locally available materials, usually including <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> or granite. To cut these hard rocks the Inca used stone, bronze or copper tools,<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe1946_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe1946-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually splitting the stones along natural fracture lines. </p><p>The stones were moved by teams of men pulling with ropes, as shown in the drawings of chronicler Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cieza De Leon also writes "4000 of them quarried and cut the stones; 6000 hauled them with great cables of leather and hemp."<sup id="cite_ref-Leon1553_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leon1553-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar ropes used on Incan <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridges</a> were made with <i><a href="/wiki/Jarava_ichu" title="Jarava ichu">ichu</a></i> grass. Small ropes of these materials have been shown to support a load of 4000lbs, and larger ropes may have been able to hold up to 50,000lbs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stones were rolled to their positions using wooden beams on earth ramps. An unfinished <i><a href="/wiki/Chullpa" title="Chullpa">chullpa</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Sillustani" title="Sillustani">Sillustani</a> still has a ramp in place. Father Cobo saw Incan builders using a similar ramp during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Cusco_Cathedral" title="Cusco Cathedral">Cusco Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe1946_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe1946-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is speculated that stones were initially fit using <a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">hammerstones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Protzen1983_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protzen1983-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stones would then be lifted into place with a <a href="/wiki/Rigging_(material_handling)" title="Rigging (material handling)">rope sling</a> tied to <a href="/wiki/Lifting_boss" title="Lifting boss">lifting bosses</a> near the stone's base, many of which can still be seen on Incan walls. Adjustments could have been performed by eye alone or aided by the use of a compressible dust, such as the dried sap of the <i>llawlli</i> plant (<i><a href="/wiki/Barnadesia" title="Barnadesia">Barnadesia horrida</a></i>). Abrasive finishers, such as sand or pumice, may also have been used. </p><p>Additional surface smoothing near the edges of blocks has been attributed by some researchers to a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_milling" title="Chemical milling">chemical etching</a> "mortar" composed of <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a> mining slurry and plants containing <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxalate" title="Calcium oxalate">calcium oxalate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tributsch2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tributsch2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species of bacteria from the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Thiobacillus" title="Thiobacillus">Thiobacillus</a></i> are able to process sulfidic minerals and produce <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> as a byproduct; <a href="/wiki/Complexation" class="mw-redirect" title="Complexation">complexation</a> with oxalate increases the etching potential of the mixture. This would correspond with both contemporary descriptions of the Incan masonry process<sup id="cite_ref-Tributsch2017_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tributsch2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regional folklore suggesting that Incan masons and a local bird species, the <i><a href="/wiki/Andean_flicker" title="Andean flicker">pito</a></i>, were capable of softening rocks with a local herb.<sup id="cite_ref-Protzen1983_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protzen1983-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Usually the walls of Incan buildings were slightly inclined inside and the corners were rounded. This, in combination with masonry thoroughness, led Incan buildings to have a peerless <a href="/wiki/Seismic_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic resistance">seismic resistance</a><sup id="cite_ref-Tributsch2017_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tributsch2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thanks to high static and dynamic steadiness, absence of <a href="/wiki/Resonance" title="Resonance">resonant</a> <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequencies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stress_concentration" title="Stress concentration">stress concentration</a> points. During a small or moderate <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a>, masonry was stable; during strong earthquakes, stone blocks have been observed "dancing" and settling into their original positions afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another building method was called "pillow-faced" architecture. The Incas would sand large, finely-shaped stones which they would fit together in jigsaw-like patterns. Pillow-faced architecture was typically used for temples and royal places like Machu Picchu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a> masonry was used in the most sacred, elite Incan structures; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Aclla" title="Aclla">Acllawasi</a> ("House of the Chosen Woman"), the <a href="/wiki/Coricancha" title="Coricancha">Coricancha</a> ("Golden Enclosure") in Cuzco, and the <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu#Temple_of_the_Sun_or_Torreón" title="Machu Picchu">Sun Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>. Thus it seems that ashlar may have been more greatly valued by the Inca, perhaps considered more difficult than polygonal ("pillow-faced") masonry. Though polygonal masonry may be aesthetically more impressive, the facture of ashlar masonry tends to be unforgiving to mistakes; if the corner of a polygonal masonry block is broken, it can be reshaped to fit, but ashlar masonry blocks must remain intact.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism_and_patronage">Symbolism and patronage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism and patronage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_(Interior).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg/220px-Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg/330px-Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg/440px-Casa_de_Sayri_T%C3%BApac_%28Interior%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Palace of <a href="/wiki/Sayri_T%C3%BApac" title="Sayri Túpac">Diego Sayri Túpac</a>, Yucay</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aesthetics">Aesthetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aesthetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inca architecture is strongly characterized by its use of the natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Inca managed to seamlessly merge their architecture into the surrounding land and its specificities.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its peak, the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> spanned from <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. Yet despite geographic variances, Inca architecture remained consistent in its ability to visually blend the built and natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particular, Inca walls practiced mortarless <a href="/wiki/Masonry" title="Masonry">masonry</a> and used partially worked, irregularly shaped rocks to complement the organic qualities and diversity of the natural environment.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the dry fitted masonry techniques of caninacukpirca, the Incas shaped their stone to conceal natural outcrops, fit tight crevices, and ultimately incorporate the landscape into their infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Inca also used natural <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> as their structural foundations (to help keep the buildings stable).<sup id="cite_ref-Dean2007_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was for stabilizing their structures built in the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a> mountain range of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, while aesthetically disguising the boundaries between mountain and edifice.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean2007_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In combination, the diversity of stone shape, materiality, and facture all furthered the naturalistic illusion of the Inca's built environment.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inca employment and integration of the natural environment into their architecture played an essential role in their program of civilizational expansion and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_imperialism" title="Cultural imperialism">cultural imperialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dean2007_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dean2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patronage of powerful elites and rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca empire</a> was a major impetus behind the construction of Inca structures, and much of the remaining architecture we see today was most likely royal estates or mobile capitals for <a href="/wiki/Sapa_Inca" title="Sapa Inca">Sapa Inca</a> to inhabit.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sapa Inca naturalized and asserted their political rule through their palaces' aesthetic appeal to a reciprocal relationship between their imperialism and the earth itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blended, architectural aesthetic colored their political expansion in a sense of inseparable, timeless, and spiritual authority.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in the royal estate of Chinchero, the Incas adapted their large-scale earthwork and massive stone construction to the land's dramatically steep valley in order to create intense, visual drama.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly to the architecture of other mountainous Inca citadels, such as <a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a>, the Chinchero estate's dynamic construction into the severe landscape demonstrated the raw, physical power of the Incas, and projected an authoritative aura for those who approached.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_35-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">Suspension bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_rope_bridge" title="Inca rope bridge">Inca rope bridge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Machu+Picchu%2C+Peru&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Mala&rft.aufirst=Alisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Fheritage-sites%2Fmachu-picchu-peru.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2015" class="citation book cs1">Nair, Stella (2015). <i>At Home with the Sapa Inca: Architecture, Space, and Legacy at Chinchero</i>. University of Texas Print. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1477302507" title="Special:BookSources/978-1477302507"><bdi>978-1477302507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Home+with+the+Sapa+Inca%3A+Architecture%2C+Space%2C+and+Legacy+at+Chinchero&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Print&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1477302507&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Stella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/chapter-pdf/497021/9780822393177-005.pdf">"Rock and Rule | A Culture of StoneInka Perspectives on Rock | Books Gateway | Duke University Press"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>read.dukeupress.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=read.dukeupress.edu&rft.atitle=Rock+and+Rule+%7C+A+Culture+of+StoneInka+Perspectives+on+Rock+%7C+Books+Gateway+%7C+Duke+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.dukeupress.edu%2Fbooks%2Fchapter-pdf%2F497021%2F9780822393177-005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_35-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2015" class="citation book cs1">Nair, Stella (2015). <i>At Home with the Sapa Inca : Architecture, Space, and Legacy at Chinchero</i>. University of Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781477302491" title="Special:BookSources/9781477302491"><bdi>9781477302491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Home+with+the+Sapa+Inca+%3A+Architecture%2C+Space%2C+and+Legacy+at+Chinchero&rft.place=University+of+Texas&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781477302491&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Stella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiles1987" class="citation book cs1">Niles, Susan A. (1987). <i>Callachaca: Style and Status in an Inca Community</i>. University of Iowa: University of Iowa Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781587291685" title="Special:BookSources/9781587291685"><bdi>9781587291685</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Callachaca%3A+Style+and+Status+in+an+Inca+Community&rft.place=University+of+Iowa&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9781587291685&rft.aulast=Niles&rft.aufirst=Susan+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:32_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://read.dukeupress.edu/books/chapter-pdf/497015/9780822393177-002.pdf">"IntroductionComing to Terms with Inka Rocks | A Culture of StoneInka Perspectives on Rock | Books Gateway | Duke University Press"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>read.dukeupress.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=read.dukeupress.edu&rft.atitle=IntroductionComing+to+Terms+with+Inka+Rocks+%7C+A+Culture+of+StoneInka+Perspectives+on+Rock+%7C+Books+Gateway+%7C+Duke+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fread.dukeupress.edu%2Fbooks%2Fchapter-pdf%2F497015%2F9780822393177-002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Vergara, Teresa. “Arte y Cultura del Tahuantinsuyo”. Historia del Peru. Editorial Lexus, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9972-625-35-4" title="Special:BookSources/9972-625-35-4">9972-625-35-4</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Agurto, Santiago. <i>Estudios acerca de la construcción, arquitectura y planeamiento incas</i>. Lima: Cámara Peruana de la Construcción, 1987.</li> <li>Gasparini, Graziano and Margolies, Luize. <i>Inca architecture</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-30443-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-30443-1">0-253-30443-1</a></li> <li>Hyslop, John. <i>Inca settlement planning</i>. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-73852-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-73852-8">0-292-73852-8</a></li> <li>Kendall, Ann. <i>Aspects of inca architecture: description, function and chronology</i>. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1985.</li> <li>Protzen, Jean-Pierre. <i>Inca architecture and construction at Ollantaytambo</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.</li> <li>Nair, Stella. <i>At</i> home <i>with the Sapa Inca: Architecture, Space, and Legacy at Chinchero.</i> University of Texas Print <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1477302506" title="Special:BookSources/1477302506">1477302506</a></li> <li>Rowe, John. <i>An introduction to the archaeology of Cuzco</i>. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1944.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean2007" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, Carolyn (September 2007). "The Inka Married the Earth: Integrated Outcrops and the Making of Place". <i>The Art Bulletin</i>. <b>89</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">502–</span>518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00043079.2007.10786358">10.1080/00043079.2007.10786358</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25067338">25067338</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194099969">194099969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+Inka+Married+the+Earth%3A+Integrated+Outcrops+and+the+Making+of+Place&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E502-%3C%2Fspan%3E518&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194099969%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25067338%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00043079.2007.10786358&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inca_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discover-peru.org/inca-architecture/">Peru Cultural Society – Inca Architecture</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2007" class="citation journal cs1">Nair, Stella (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbdl.2007.0006">"Witnessing the In-visibility of Inca Architecture in Colonial Peru"</a>. <i>Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum</i>. <b>14</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">50–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbdl.2007.0006">10.1353/bdl.2007.0006</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162206707">162206707</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/228207">228207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buildings+%26+Landscapes%3A+Journal+of+the+Vernacular+Architecture+Forum&rft.atitle=Witnessing+the+In-visibility+of+Inca+Architecture+in+Colonial+Peru&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbdl.2007.0006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162206707%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Stella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1353%252Fbdl.2007.0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInca+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> 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href="/w/index.php?title=Az%C3%A1ngaro_(archaeological_site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azángaro (archaeological site) (page does not exist)">Azángaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baths_of_Boza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baths of Boza (page does not exist)">Baths of Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bandurria_(archaeological_site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bandurria (archaeological site) (page does not exist)">Bandurria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buena_Vista,_Peru" title="Buena Vista, Peru">Buena Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuachi" title="Cahuachi">Cahuachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajamarquilla" title="Cajamarquilla">Cajamarquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cao_Viejo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cao Viejo (page does not exist)">Cao Viejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carachupa" title="Carachupa">Carachupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagi_of_Caraj%C3%ADa" title="Sarcophagi of Carajía">Carajía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caral" title="Caral">Caral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caves_of_Sumbay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caves of Sumbay (page does not exist)">Caves of Sumbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Ba%C3%BAl" title="Cerro Baúl">Cerro Baúl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_P%C3%A1tapo_ruins" title="Cerro Pátapo ruins">Cerro Pátapo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerro_Trinidad_(archaeological_site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerro Trinidad (archaeological site) (page does not exist)">Cerro Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacamarca_Historic_Sanctuary" title="Chacamarca Historic Sanctuary">Chacamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Chan" title="Chan Chan">Chan Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanquillo" title="Chanquillo">Chanquillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauchilla_Cemetery" title="Chauchilla Cemetery">Chauchilla Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chav%C3%ADn_de_Huantar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chavín de Huantar">Chavín de Huantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawaytiri" title="Chawaytiri">Chawaytiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheqollo" title="Cheqollo">Cheqollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichakuri" title="Chichakuri">Chichakuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipaw_Marka" title="Chipaw Marka">Chipaw Marka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choquepuquio" title="Choquepuquio">Choquepuquio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choquequirao" title="Choquequirao">Choquequirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choquequirao_Puquio" title="Choquequirao Puquio">Choquequirao Puquio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churaj%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churajón (page does not exist)">Churajón</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuya_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuya city (page does not exist)">Chuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochabamba_(archaeological_site)" title="Cochabamba (archaeological site)">Cochabamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochapata" title="Cochapata">Cochapata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcampata" title="Colcampata">Colcampata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collor" title="Collor">Collor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condorcaga" title="Condorcaga">Condorcaga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cota_Coca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cota Coca (page does not exist)">Cota Coca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coricancha" title="Coricancha">Coricancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbemayo" title="Cumbemayo">Cumbemayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutimbo" title="Cutimbo">Cutimbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Brujo" title="El Brujo">El Brujo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_and_archaeological_complex_El_Ca%C3%B1oncillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest and archaeological complex El Cañoncillo (page does not exist)">El Cañoncillo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Ingenio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Ingenio (page does not exist)">El Ingenio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Para%C3%ADso,_Peru" title="El Paraíso, Peru">El Paraíso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garagay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garagay (page does not exist)">Garagay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Pajat%C3%A9n" title="Gran Pajatén">Gran Pajatén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Vilaya" title="Gran Vilaya">Gran Vilaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guellayhuasin" title="Guellayhuasin">Guellayhuasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guitarrero_Cave" title="Guitarrero Cave">Guitarrero Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Machay" title="Hatun Machay">Hatun Machay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Misapata" title="Hatun Misapata">Hatun Misapata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hatun_Rumiyoc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hatun Rumiyoc (page does not exist)">Hatun Rumiyoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Uchku" title="Hatun Uchku">Hatun Uchku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatun_Usnu" title="Hatun Usnu">Hatun Usnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatunmarka" title="Hatunmarka">Hatunmarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honcopampa" title="Honcopampa">Honcopampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_de_la_Luna" title="Huaca de la Luna">Huaca de la Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_del_Drag%C3%B3n" title="Huaca del Dragón">Huaca del Dragón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_del_Sol" title="Huaca del Sol">Huaca del Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_Huallamarca" title="Huaca Huallamarca">Huaca Huallamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_Prieta" title="Huaca Prieta">Huaca Prieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaca_Pucllana" title="Huaca Pucllana">Huaca Pucllana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huaca_San_Marcos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huaca San Marcos (page does not exist)">Huaca San Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Huaca_Santa_Ana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Huaca Santa Ana (page does not exist)">Huaca Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huacramarca" title="Huacramarca">Huacramarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualpayunca" title="Hualpayunca">Hualpayunca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huamanmarca,_La_Convenci%C3%B3n" title="Huamanmarca, La Convención">Huamanmarca, La Convención</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huamboy" title="Huamboy">Huamboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huankar%C3%A1n" title="Huankarán">Huankarán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayc%C3%A1n_de_Pariachi" title="Huaycán de Pariachi">Huaycán de Pariachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1nuco_Pampa" title="Huánuco Pampa">Huánuco Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huari_(archaeological_site)" title="Huari (archaeological site)">Huari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayna_Picchu" title="Huayna Picchu">Huayna Picchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayrapongo" title="Huayrapongo">Huayrapongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huchuy_Qosqo" title="Huchuy Qosqo">Huchuy Qosqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui%C3%B1ao" title="Huiñao">Huiñao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Uyo" title="Inca Uyo">Inca Uyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incahuasi,_Lima" title="Incahuasi, Lima">Incahuasi, Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingatambo" title="Ingatambo">Ingatambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Mach%27ay,_Peru" title="Inka Mach'ay, Peru">Inka Mach'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Raqay,_Apur%C3%ADmac" title="Inka Raqay, Apurímac">Inka Raqay, Apurímac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Raqay,_Ayacucho" title="Inka Raqay, Ayacucho">Inka Raqay, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Tampu,_Huayopata" title="Inka Tampu, Huayopata">Inka Tampu, Huayopata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Tampu,_Vilcabamba" title="Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba">Inka Tampu, Vilcabamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Tunuwiri" title="Inka Tunuwiri">Inka Tunuwiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Wasi,_Ayacucho" title="Inka Wasi, Ayacucho">Inka Wasi, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inka_Wasi,_Huancavelica" title="Inka Wasi, Huancavelica">Inka Wasi, Huancavelica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkapintay" title="Inkapintay">Inkapintay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkilltambo" title="Inkilltambo">Inkilltambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Punku" title="Inti Punku">Inti Punku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Watana,_Ayacucho" title="Inti Watana, Ayacucho">Inti Watana, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Watana,_Calca" title="Inti Watana, Calca">Inti Watana, Calca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti_Watana,_Urubamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Inti Watana, Urubamba">Inti Watana, Urubamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intikancha_(Puno)" title="Intikancha (Puno)">Intikancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intini_Uyu_Pata" title="Intini Uyu Pata">Intini Uyu Pata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intipa_%C3%91awin" class="mw-redirect" title="Intipa Ñawin">Intipa Ñawin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intiyuq_K%27uchu" title="Intiyuq K'uchu">Intiyuq K'uchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskuqucha" title="Iskuqucha">Iskuqucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isog" title="Isog">Isog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinkiori" title="Jinkiori">Jinkiori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jisk%27a_Iru_Muqu" title="Jisk'a Iru Muqu">Jisk'a Iru Muqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanamarka" title="Kanamarka">Kanamarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanichi,_Peru" title="Kanichi, Peru">Kanichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenko,_Puno" title="Kenko, Puno">Kenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killa_Mach%27ay" title="Killa Mach'ay">Killa Mach'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killarumiyuq" title="Killarumiyuq">Killarumiyuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotosh" title="Kotosh">Kotosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuelap" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuelap">Kuelap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukuli,_Arequipa" title="Kukuli, Arequipa">Kukuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntur_Wasi" title="Kuntur Wasi">Kuntur Wasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunturmarka,_Ayacucho" title="Kunturmarka, Ayacucho">Kunturmarka, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunturmarka,_Pasco" title="Kunturmarka, Pasco">Kunturmarka, Pasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntuyuq" title="Kuntuyuq">Kuntuyuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusichaka_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusichaka River">Kusichaka valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khichuqaqa" title="Khichuqaqa">Khichuqaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuchi_Mach%27ay" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuchi Mach'ay">Khuchi Mach'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27allapayuq_Urqu" title="K'allapayuq Urqu">K'allapayuq Urqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27ipakhara" title="K'ipakhara">K'ipakhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Otra_Banda" title="La Otra Banda">La Otra Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_de_las_Momias" title="Laguna de las Momias">Laguna de las Momias</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauricocha_Caves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauricocha Caves (page does not exist)">Lauricocha Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Layz%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Layzón (page does not exist)">Layzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llactan" title="Llactan">Llactan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamachayuq" title="Llamachayuq">Llamachayuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamachayuq_Qaqa" title="Llamachayuq Qaqa">Llamachayuq Qaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamayuq" title="Llamayuq">Llamayuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamuqa" title="Llamuqa">Llamuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llaqta_Qulluy,_Acoria" title="Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria">Llaqta Qulluy, Acoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llaqta_Qulluy,_Conayca" title="Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca">Llaqta Qulluy, Conayca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llaqta_Qulluy,_Tayacaja" title="Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja">Llaqta Qulluy, Tayacaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llaqta_Qulluy,_Vilca" title="Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca">Llaqta Qulluy, Vilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llaqtapata" title="Llaqtapata">Llaqtapata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machu_Colca" title="Machu Colca">Machu Colca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machu_Picchu" title="Machu Picchu">Machu Picchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machu_Pirqa" title="Machu Pirqa">Machu Pirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machu_Pitumarka" title="Machu Pitumarka">Machu Pitumarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machu_Q%27inti" title="Machu Q'inti">Machu Q'inti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallkuamaya" title="Mallkuamaya">Mallkuamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mameria" title="Mameria">Mameria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maray_Qalla" title="Maray Qalla">Maray Qalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marayniyoq" title="Marayniyoq">Marayniyoq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcahuamachuco" title="Marcahuamachuco">Marcahuamachuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markahirka" title="Markahirka">Markahirka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markansaya" title="Markansaya">Markansaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markapukyu" title="Markapukyu">Markapukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marpa,_Peru" title="Marpa, Peru">Marpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_Castilla" title="Mawk'allaqta, Castilla">Mawk'allaqta, Castilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_Espinar" title="Mawk'allaqta, Espinar">Mawk'allaqta, Espinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_La_Uni%C3%B3n" title="Mawk'allaqta, La Unión">Mawk'allaqta, La Unión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_Melgar" title="Mawk'allaqta, Melgar">Mawk'allaqta, Melgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_Paruro" title="Mawk'allaqta, Paruro">Mawk'allaqta, Paruro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27allaqta,_Sandia" title="Mawk'allaqta, Sandia">Mawk'allaqta, Sandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawk%27ataray" title="Mawk'ataray">Mawk'ataray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazur_(Peru)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazur (Peru) (page does not exist)">Mazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miculla_petroglyphs" title="Miculla petroglyphs">Miculla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millka" title="Millka">Millka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruins_of_Miraflores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruins of Miraflores (page does not exist)">Miraflores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirq%27imarka" title="Mirq'imarka">Mirq'imarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyu_Pampa" title="Miyu Pampa">Miyu Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molloko" title="Molloko">Molloko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moray_(Inca_ruin)" title="Moray (Inca ruin)">Moray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulinuyuq" title="Mulinuyuq">Mulinuyuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullu_Q%27awa" title="Mullu Q'awa">Mullu Q'awa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_Muyu" title="Muyu Muyu">Muyu Muyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyu_Urqu" title="Muyu Urqu">Muyu Urqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muyuq_Marka" title="Muyuq Marka">Muyuq Marka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazca_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Lines">Nazca Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Kiru" title="Nina Kiru">Nina Kiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninamarca" title="Ninamarca">Ninamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91awpallaqta,_Huanca_Sancos" title="Ñawpallaqta, Huanca Sancos">Ñawpallaqta, Huanca Sancos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91awpallaqta,_Fajardo" title="Ñawpallaqta, Fajardo">Ñawpallaqta, Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91awpallaqta,_Lucanas" title="Ñawpallaqta, Lucanas">Ñawpallaqta, Lucanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91usta_Hispana" title="Ñusta Hispana">Ñusta Hispana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollantaytambo" title="Ollantaytambo">Ollantaytambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacatnamu" title="Pacatnamu">Pacatnamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachacamac" title="Pachacamac">Pachacamac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachatusan" title="Pachatusan">Pachatusan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paij%C3%A1n_(archaeological_complex)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paiján (archaeological complex) (page does not exist)">Paiján</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%B1amarca" title="Pañamarca">Pañamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracas_Candelabra" title="Paracas Candelabra">Paracas Candelabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraccra_(archaeological_site)" title="Paraccra (archaeological site)">Paraccra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patallaqta" class="mw-redirect" title="Patallaqta">Patallaqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikillaqta" title="Pikillaqta">Pikillaqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pikimachay" title="Pikimachay">Pikimach'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilluchu" title="Pilluchu">Pilluchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinkuylluna" title="Pinkuylluna">Pinkuylluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirca_Pirca,_La_Libertad" title="Pirca Pirca, La Libertad">Pirca Pirca, La Libertad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirca_Pirca,_Lima" title="Pirca Pirca, Lima">Pirca Pirca, Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirhuaylla" title="Pirhuaylla">Pirhuaylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piruro" title="Piruro">Piruro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirwayuq" title="Pirwayuq">Pirwayuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADsac" title="Písac">Písac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puka_Pukara" title="Puka Pukara">Puka Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_Colorado" title="Tambo Colorado">Puka Tampu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puka_Urqu_(Ayacucho)" title="Puka Urqu (Ayacucho)">Puka Urqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara,_Coporaque" title="Pukara, Coporaque">Pukara, Coporaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara,_V%C3%ADctor_Fajardo" title="Pukara, Víctor Fajardo">Pukara, Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara,_Puno" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukara, Puno">Pukara, Puno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara,_Vilcas_Huam%C3%A1n" title="Pukara, Vilcas Huamán">Pukara, Vilcas Huamán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukarani_(Peru)" title="Pukarani (Peru)">Pukarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumamarka,_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="Pumamarka, San Sebastián">Pumamarka, San Sebastián</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumamarka,_Urubamba" title="Pumamarka, Urubamba">Pumamarka, Urubamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumaq_Hirka" title="Pumaq Hirka">Pumaq Hirka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumawasi,_Anta" title="Pumawasi, Anta">Pumawasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punkuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Punkuri">Punkuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puqin_Kancha" title="Puqin Kancha">Puqin Kancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puruchuco" title="Puruchuco">Puruchuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purunllacta,_Cheto" class="mw-redirect" title="Purunllacta, Cheto">Purunllacta, Cheto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purunllacta,_Soloco" title="Purunllacta, Soloco">Purunllacta, Soloco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusharo" title="Pusharo">Pusharo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusuquy_Pata" title="Pusuquy Pata">Pusuquy Pata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyupatamarca" title="Puyupatamarca">Puyupatamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqapatan" title="Qaqapatan">Qaqapatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qenko" title="Qenko">Qenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qillqatani" title="Qillqatani">Qillqatani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qillqa_(rock_art)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qillqa (rock art) (page does not exist)">Qillqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qillqay_Mach%27ay" class="mw-redirect" title="Qillqay Mach'ay">Qillqay Mach'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petroglyphs_of_Quiaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petroglyphs of Quiaca (page does not exist)">Quiaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quillarumi" title="Quillarumi">Quillarumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quishuar_(archaeological_site)" title="Quishuar (archaeological site)">Quishuar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qullqapampa" title="Qullqapampa">Qullqapampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qulu_Qulu" title="Qulu Qulu">Qulu Qulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qunchamarka" title="Qunchamarka">Qunchamarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qunchupata,_Ayacucho" title="Qunchupata, Ayacucho">Qunchupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quri_Winchus" title="Quri Winchus">Quri Winchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurimarka,_Apur%C3%ADmac" title="Qurimarka, Apurímac">Qurimarka, Apurímac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qurimarka,_Cusco" title="Qurimarka, Cusco">Qurimarka, Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quriwayrachina,_Anta" title="Quriwayrachina, Anta">Quriwayrachina, Anta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quriwayrachina,_Ayacucho" title="Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho">Quriwayrachina, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quriwayrachina,_La_Convenci%C3%B3n" title="Quriwayrachina, La Convención">Quriwayrachina, La Convención</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasa_Pata" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasa Pata">Qasa Pata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qhapaq_Kancha" title="Qhapaq Kancha">Qhapaq Kancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqch%27i" title="Raqch'i">Raqch'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revash" title="Revash">Revash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumicolca" title="Rumicolca">Rumicolca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumiwasi" title="Rumiwasi">Rumiwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runayoc" title="Runayoc">Runayoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runkuraqay" title="Runkuraqay">Runkuraqay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n" title="Sacsayhuamán">Sacsayhuamán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Sara" title="Sara Sara">Sara Sara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayacmarca" title="Sayacmarca">Sayacmarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayhuite" title="Sayhuite">Sayhuite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Sech%C3%ADn" title="Cerro Sechín">Sechín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillustani" title="Sillustani">Sillustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipán">Sipán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3ndor" title="Sóndor">Sóndor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soro_Mik%27aya_Patjxa" title="Soro Mik'aya Patjxa">Soro Mik'aya Patjxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susupillu" class="mw-redirect" title="Susupillu">Susupillu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tambo_Totem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tambo Totem (page does not exist)">Tambo Totem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambomachay" title="Tambomachay">Tambomachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampu_Mach%27ay,_Huancavelica" title="Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica">Tampu Mach'ay, Huancavelica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampukancha" title="Tampukancha">Tampukancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanqa_Tanqa" title="Tanqa Tanqa">Tanqa Tanqa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantarica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantarica (page does not exist)">Tantarica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqrachullu" title="Taqrachullu">Taqrachullu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarahuasi" title="Tarahuasi">Tarahuasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmatambo" title="Tarmatambo">Tarmatambo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templo_del_Zorro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templo del Zorro (page does not exist)">Templo del Zorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiraqucha_(Cusco)" title="Wiraqucha (Cusco)">The Toads of Wiraqucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikra" title="Tikra">Tikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinyaq" title="Tinyaq">Tinyaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip%C3%B3n" title="Tipón">Tipón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiqaqa_(Cusco)" title="Titiqaqa (Cusco)">Titiqaqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquepala_Caves" title="Toquepala Caves">Toquepala Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Muerto" title="Toro Muerto">Toro Muerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara_(Sandia)" title="Pukara (Sandia)">Trinchera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAcume" title="Túcume">Túcume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunanmarca" title="Tunanmarca">Tunanmarca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunay_Q%27asa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunay Q'asa (page does not exist)">Tunay Q'asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupu_Inka" title="Tupu Inka">Tupu Inka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27akaq" title="T'akaq">T'akaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%27uqu_T%27uquyuq" title="T'uqu T'uquyuq">T'uqu T'uquyuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchkus_Inka%C3%B1an" title="Uchkus Inkañan">Uchkus Inkañan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urpish" title="Urpish">Urpish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uskallaqta" title="Uskallaqta">Uskallaqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usnu,_Ayacucho" title="Usnu, Ayacucho">Usnu, Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usnu,_Hu%C3%A1nuco" title="Usnu, Huánuco">Usnu, Huánuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usnu_Muqu" title="Usnu Muqu">Usnu Muqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usqunta" title="Usqunta">Usqunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyu_Uyu" title="Uyu Uyu">Uyu Uyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venado_cautivo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venado cautivo (page does not exist)">Venado cautivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventanillas_de_Otuzco" title="Ventanillas de Otuzco">Ventanillas de Otuzco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventarron" title="Ventarron">Ventarron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilcabamba,_Peru" title="Vilcabamba, Peru">Vilcabamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilcashuam%C3%A1n" title="Vilcashuamán">Vilcashuamán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viracochapampa" title="Viracochapampa">Viracochapampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitcos" title="Vitcos">Vitcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waman_Pirqa" title="Waman Pirqa">Waman Pirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamanilla" title="Wamanilla">Wamanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamanmarka,_Chumbivilcas" title="Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas">Wamanmarka, Chumbivilcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wamanmarka,_Lima" title="Wamanmarka, Lima">Wamanmarka, Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanakawri,_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanakawri, Cusco">Wanakawri, Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanakawri,_Hu%C3%A1nuco" title="Wanakawri, Huánuco">Wanakawri, Huánuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqlamarka" title="Waqlamarka">Waqlamarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqra_Pukara" class="mw-redirect" title="Waqra Pukara">Waqra Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqutu" title="Waqutu">Waqutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warahirka" title="Warahirka">Warahirka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waraqayuq" title="Waraqayuq">Waraqayuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waraqu_Urqu" title="Waraqu Urqu">Waraqu Urqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warawtampu" title="Warawtampu">Warawtampu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wari_Willka" title="Wari Willka">Wari Willka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waruq" title="Waruq">Waruq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat%27a,_Cusco" title="Wat'a, Cusco">Wat'a, Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wat%27a,_Hu%C3%A1nuco" title="Wat'a, Huánuco">Wat'a, Huánuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayna_Q%27inti" title="Wayna Q'inti">Wayna Q'inti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayna_Tawqaray" title="Wayna Tawqaray">Wayna Tawqaray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wichama_(archaeological_site)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wichama (archaeological site) (page does not exist)">Wichama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichqana" title="Wichqana">Wichqana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wich%27un" class="mw-redirect" title="Wich'un">Wich'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wila_Wilani_(Tacna)" title="Wila Wilani (Tacna)">Wila Wilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilca" title="Wilca">Wilca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilcahua%C3%ADn" title="Wilcahuaín">Wilcahuaín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willkaraqay" class="mw-redirect" title="Willkaraqay">Willkaraqay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C3%B1ay_Wayna" title="Wiñay Wayna">Wiñay Wayna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiraqucha_Pirqa" title="Wiraqucha Pirqa">Wiraqucha Pirqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanaca" title="Yanaca">Yanaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanaqi_-_Qillqamarka" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanaqi - Qillqamarka">Yanaqi - Qillqamarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaynu" title="Yaynu">Yaynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuraq_Mach%27ay" title="Yuraq Mach'ay">Yuraq Mach'ay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Native_American_architecture189" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Native_American_architecture" title="Template:Native American architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Native_American_architecture" title="Template talk:Native American architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Native_American_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Native American architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Native_American_architecture189" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Native American architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puuc" title="Puuc">Puuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bec" title="Río Bec">Río Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bartolo_(Maya_site)" title="San Bartolo (Maya site)">San Bartolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan Revival</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_architecture" title="Muisca architecture">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Andean" title="Neo-Andean">Neo-Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/150px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/225px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg/300px-Cusco_Piedra_de_los_doce_angulos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2851" data-file-height="2139" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Building types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barabara" title="Barabara">Barabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">Corn crib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickee" title="Chickee">Chickee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_lodge" title="Earth lodge">Earth lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guachimontones" title="Guachimontones">Guachimontón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogan" title="Hogan">Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" title="Longhouses of the Indigenous peoples of North America">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloca" title="Maloca">Maloca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_pyramids" title="Mesoamerican pyramids">Mesoamerican pyramids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triadic_pyramid" title="Triadic pyramid">Triadic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-pyramid_complex" title="Twin-pyramid complex">Twin-pyramids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oca_(structure)" title="Oca (structure)">Oca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plank_house" title="Plank house">Plank house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukara" title="Pukara">Pukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qargi" title="Qargi">Qargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarmaq" title="Qarmaq">Qarmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiggly">Quiggly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qullqa" title="Qullqa">Qullqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramada_(shelter)" title="Ramada (shelter)">Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruka_(house_type)" title="Ruka (house type)">Ruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabono" title="Shabono">Shabono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweat_lodge" title="Sweat lodge">Sweat lodge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temazcal" title="Temazcal">Temazcal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipi" title="Tipi">Tipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupiq" title="Tupiq">Tupiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">Wigwam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_non-building_structure_types" title="List of non-building structure types">Structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballcourt" title="Mesoamerican ballcourt">Ballcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chultun" title="Chultun">Chultun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuel" title="Cuel">Cuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Group" title="E-Group">E-Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moki_steps" title="Moki steps">Moki steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_rope_bridge" title="Inca rope bridge">Rope bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacbe" title="Sacbe">Sacbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushnu" title="Ushnu">Ushnu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">Ashlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbel_arch" title="Corbel arch">Corbel arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_comb" title="Roof comb">Roof comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sascab" title="Sascab">Sascab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipapu" title="Sipapu">Sipapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">Talud-tablero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_architecture220" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_architecture" title="Template talk:History of architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_architecture220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">History of architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_architectural_styles" title="Timeline of architectural styles">Architectural timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_construction" title="History of construction">History of construction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a></li> <li>Aegean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization#Architecture" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Architecture" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_architecture" title="Etruscan architecture">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">Classical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Ancient Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodian_architecture" title="Herodian architecture">Herodian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Pre-Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Pre-Islamic Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1st_millennium" title="1st millennium">1st millennium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sasanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a></li> <li>East Slavic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Architecture of Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_church_architecture" title="Russian church architecture">Muscovite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture#Islamic_architecture_of_Persia" title="Iranian architecture">Islamic Persian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_architecture" title="Medieval Scandinavian architecture">Medieval Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_architecture" title="Carolingian architecture">Carolingian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1000–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_school_(architecture)" title="Galician school (architecture)">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_architecture" title="Ottonian architecture">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_architecture" title="Vijayanagara architecture">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_architecture" title="Western Chalukya architecture">Western Chalukya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Islamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Gothic" title="Romano-Gothic">Romano-Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sondergotik" title="Sondergotik">Sondergotik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Incan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_architecture" title="Aztec architecture">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1750</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1750–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Baroque_architecture" title="Czech Baroque architecture">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Baroque_architecture" title="Dutch Baroque architecture">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_architecture" title="French Baroque architecture">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Baroque_architecture" title="Italian Baroque architecture">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Baroque_architecture" title="Maltese Baroque architecture">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_Baroque" title="Petrine Baroque">Petrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Baroque" title="Elizabethan Baroque">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naryshkin_Baroque" title="Naryshkin Baroque">Naryshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Baroque architecture in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Baroque" title="Siberian Baroque">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Baroque" title="Ukrainian Baroque">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Revival architecture">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Byzantine_architecture_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire">Russo-Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Byzantine_Revival_architecture" title="Serbo-Byzantine Revival architecture">Serbo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Colonial Revival architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revival_architecture" title="Egyptian Revival architecture">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_Revival_architecture" title="Mayan Revival architecture">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumentalism" title="Monumentalism">Monumentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_architecture" title="Rococo architecture">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo</a></li> <li>Queen Anne <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Queen_Anne_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="British Queen Anne Revival">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Queen_Anne_Revival_architecture" title="New World Queen Anne Revival architecture">America and Australia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revival_architecture" title="Russian Revival architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugendstil" title="Jugendstil">Jugendstil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_style" title="Liberty style">Liberty style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Style_(British_Art_Nouveau_style)" title="Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)">Modern Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">Rationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Revival_architecture" title="Mycenaean Revival architecture">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_architecture" title="Modern architecture">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_School" title="Prairie School">Prairie School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionist_architecture" title="Expressionist architecture">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Cubism" title="Czech Cubism">Cubism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(architecture)" title="New Objectivity (architecture)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarian_architecture" title="Totalitarian architecture">Totalitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fascist_architecture" title="Fascist architecture">Rationalist-Fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_architecture" title="Nazi architecture">Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurist_architecture" title="Futurist architecture">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_architecture" title="Organic architecture">Organicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">Stripped Classicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postconstructivism" title="Postconstructivism">Postconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Moderne" class="mw-redirect" title="PWA Moderne">PWA Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Googie_architecture" title="Googie architecture">Googie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)" title="Structuralism (architecture)">Structuralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blobitecture" title="Blobitecture">Blobitecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-tech_architecture" title="High-tech architecture">High-tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_regionalism" title="Critical regionalism">Critical regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructivism" title="Deconstructivism">Deconstructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_architecture" title="Contemporary architecture">Contemporary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_architecture" title="Colonial architecture">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_architecture" title="Korean architecture">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_architecture" title="Mesoamerican architecture">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_architecture" title="Maya architecture">Maya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newa_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Newa architecture">Newari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Architecture">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian architecture">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_architecture" title="Somali architecture">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Falkland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Architecture of South Georgia and the South 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