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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1864 to 1897</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Gregory II Youssef</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg/220px-Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg/330px-Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg/440px-Gregory_II_Youssef.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Antioch</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed</th><td class="infobox-data">September 29, 1864</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">July 13, 1897</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Bahouth" title="Clement Bahouth">Clement Bahouth</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_IV_Geraigiry" title="Peter IV Geraigiry">Peter IV Geraigiry</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">June 11, 1854 (<a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">Priest</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">November 13, 1856 (<a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">Bishop</a>)<br />by <a href="/wiki/Clement_Bahouth" title="Clement Bahouth">Clement Bahouth</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hanna Youssef-Sayour</div><br />October 17, 1823<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">near <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 13, 1897<span style="display:none">(1897-07-13)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Patriarch <b>Gregory II Youssef</b>, also known as <b>Gregory II Hanna Youssef-Sayour</b> (October 17, 1823 – July 13, 1897), was <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Greek Catholic Church</a> from 1864 to 1897. Gregory expanded and modernized the church and its institutions<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and participated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>, where he championed the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a>. </p><p>Gregory is remembered as a particularly dynamic patriarch of the Melkite Church. He is recognized as one of the forerunners of interconfessional dialogue and as an advocate for preserving the traditions and autonomy of the Melkites. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_priesthood_and_episcopate"><span id="Early_life.2C_priesthood_and_episcopate"></span>Early life, priesthood and episcopate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, priesthood and episcopate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hanna Youssef-Sayour was born October 17, 1823,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Rosetta" title="Rosetta">Rosetta</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. In 1840, at age 16, he entered the <a href="/wiki/Basilian_Salvatorian_Order" title="Basilian Salvatorian Order">Basilian Salvatorian Order</a>. In 1844, he began to study in the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> seminary of Kesrouane in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon" title="Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon</a>. From 1847 to 1856 Youssef studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Greek_College_of_Saint_Athanasius" title="Pontifical Greek College of Saint Athanasius">Pontifical Greek College of Saint Athanasius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, where he was ordained <a href="/wiki/Priesthood_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood (Catholic Church)">priest</a> on June 11, 1854. Back in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, he was chosen by the newly elected patriarch <a href="/wiki/Clement_Bahouth" title="Clement Bahouth">Clement Bahouth</a> as successor for the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">See</a> of <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DHGE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHGE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">episcopal</a> consecration on November 13, 1856, by patriarch Clement Bahouth.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his episcopate Youssef faced three major issues: discontent within the Melkite Church for the introduction of the Gregorian Calendar by Clement Bahouth, a short-lived schism supported by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> on the basis of the newly introduced Gregorian Calendar, and division between the <a href="/wiki/Basilian_Salvatorian_Order" title="Basilian Salvatorian Order">Basilians monks</a>. Youssef remained strictly neutral on the calendar, but fiercely fought the schism.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patriarchate">Patriarchate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Patriarchate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conflicts in the Melkite church escalated and in 1864 <a href="/wiki/Clement_Bahouth" title="Clement Bahouth">Clement Bahouth</a> asked the church leadership in Rome to abdicate his position as patriarch and elect Youssef as his successor. Rome authorized the resignation, and a synod of bishops was convened for September 24, 1864. At the opening of the synod Clement Bahouth announced his resignation, and the synod elected Youssef as patriarch on September 29, 1864. Youssef took the name <i>Gregory</i> and was confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> on March 27, 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-DHGE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHGE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once elected, patriarch Gregory worked to restore peace in the religious community and successfully healed the schism. He also focused on improving church institutions and founded the Patriarchal College in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> in 1865 and the Patriarchal College in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in 1875, and re-opened the Melkite seminary of <a href="/wiki/Ain_Traz" title="Ain Traz">Ain Traz</a> in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-Dick_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dick-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory promoted the establishment of <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Anne%27s_Seminary_(Jerusalem)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:St. Anne's Seminary (Jerusalem)">Saint Anne's Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/White_Fathers" title="White Fathers">White Fathers</a> in 1882 for the training of Melkite clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <i>Hatti Humayyouni</i> decree by Sultan Abdul Majid in 1856 the life of Christians in the Near East improved. This allowed Gregory to successfully encourage greater participation by the Melkite laity in both church administration and public affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-Dick_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dick-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory also took an interest in ministering to the growing number of Melkites who had emigrated to the Americas. In 1889, he dispatched Father Ibrahim Beshawate of the Basilian Salvatorian Order in <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, to New York to minister to the growing local Syrian community. According to historian Philip Hitte, Beshawate was the first permanent priest in the United States from the Near East from the Melkite, <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Church">Antiochian Orthodox Churches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Vatican_Council"><span class="anchor" id="First_Vatican_Council"></span>First Vatican Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First Vatican Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_supremacy" title="Papal supremacy">supremacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">infallibility</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Overview</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Primacy of Peter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_supremacy" title="Papal supremacy">Papal supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council#Papal_infallibility" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council § Papal infallibility</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Patriarchs<br />compared to popes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_primacy" title="Papal primacy">Papal primacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see#Catholic_Church" title="Episcopal see">Episcopal see § Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apiarius_of_Sicca#Appeal_to_the_bishop_of_Rome" title="Apiarius of Sicca">Apiarius of Sicca § Appeal to the bishop of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy#After_the_East–West_Schism" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy § After the East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XIX#Life" title="Pope John XIX">Pope John XIX § Life</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#First_Vatican_Council">Gregory II Youssef § First Vatican Council</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ravenna_Document" title="Ravenna Document">Ravenna Document</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_opposition_to_papal_supremacy" title="Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy">Eastern Orthodox opposition<br />to papal supremacy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ecumenical councils<br />compared to popes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarity" title="Conciliarity">Conciliarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conciliarism#Modern_conciliarism" title="Conciliarism">Conciliarism § Modern conciliarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council#Acceptance_of_the_councils" title="Ecumenical council">Ecumenical council § Acceptance<br />of the councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_the_Christian_Nobility_of_the_German_Nation#The_Third_Wall:_Authority_to_Call_a_Council" title="To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation"><i>To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation</i><br /> § The Third Wall: Authority to Call a Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrajectine" title="Ultrajectine">Ultrajectines</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Catholic episcopal councils<br />compared to popes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christus_Dominus#Controversy" title="Christus Dominus"><i>Christus Dominus</i> § Controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ratzinger_Report" title="The Ratzinger Report">The Ratzinger Report</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Political rulers<br />compared to popes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallicanism" title="Gallicanism">Gallicanism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patronato_real" title="Patronato real">Patronato real</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephinism#Catholic_Church_in_Habsburg_lands" title="Josephinism">Josephinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febronianism" title="Febronianism">Febronianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpinism" title="Cisalpinism">Cisalpinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appointment_of_Catholic_bishops#Centralization_of_papal_power" title="Appointment of Catholic bishops">Appointment of Catholic<br />bishops § Centralization of papal power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat#List" title="Concordat">Concordat § List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_deposing_power" title="Papal deposing power">Papal deposing power</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Existing dogma<br />compared to popes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_doctrine" title="Development of doctrine">Development of doctrine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cum_ex_apostolatus_officio" title="Cum ex apostolatus officio">Cum ex apostolatus officio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascendi_Dominici_gregis" title="Pascendi Dominici gregis">Pascendi Dominici gregis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Objections and controversy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_differences_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Papal_authority" title="Ecclesiastical differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church">Ecclesiastical differences between the<br />Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox<br />Church § Papal authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_von_D%C3%B6llinger#Papal_authority" title="Ignaz von Döllinger">Ignaz von Döllinger § Papal authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism#Position_of_other_apostolic_churches" title="Ultramontanism">Ultramontanism § Position of<br />other apostolic churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility#Objections" title="Papal infallibility">Papal infallibility § Objections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church#First_Vatican_Council,_Old_Catholic_Union_of_Utrecht" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church § First Vatican Council,<br />Old Catholic Union of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Juraj_Strossmayer#Catholic_diplomacy" title="Josip Juraj Strossmayer">Josip Juraj Strossmayer § Catholic diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrajectine" title="Ultrajectine">Ultrajectine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Papal_primacy,_supremacy_and_infallibility" title="Template:Papal primacy, supremacy and infallibility"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Papal_primacy,_supremacy_and_infallibility" title="Template talk:Papal primacy, supremacy and infallibility"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Papal_primacy,_supremacy_and_infallibility" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Papal primacy, supremacy and infallibility"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gregory was a prominent proponent of Eastern ecclesiology at the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a>. In two discourses he gave at the Council on May 19 and June 14, 1870, he emphasized the importance of conforming to the decisions of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> and of not innovating ideas of papal primacy, such as <a href="/wiki/Papal_infallibility" title="Papal infallibility">papal infallibility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He anticipated a negative impact of a dogmatic definition of papal infallibility on relations with the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> and became a prominent opponent of the dogma at the Council.<sup id="cite_ref-Parry_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parry-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory also defended the rights and privileges of the patriarchs afforded by earlier ecumenical councils. Speaking at the Council on May 19, 1870, Gregory stated: </p> <blockquote> <p>The Eastern Church attributes to the pope the most complete and highest power, however in a manner where the fullness and primacy are in harmony with the rights of the patriarchal sees. This is why, in virtue of and ancient right founded on customs, the Roman Pontiffs did not, except in very significant cases, exercise over these sees the ordinary and immediate jurisdiction that we are asked now to define without any exception. This definition would completely destroy the constitution of the entire Greek church. That is why my conscience as a pastor refuses to accept this constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Gregory refused to sign the Council's dogmatic declaration on papal infallibility. He and two of the seven other Melkite bishops present voted <i>non placet</i> at the general congregation and left Rome prior to the adoption of the dogmatic constitution <i><a href="/wiki/Pastor_aeternus" title="Pastor aeternus">Pastor aeternus</a></i> on papal infallibility. Other members of the anti-infallibilist minority from the Latin church and other Eastern Catholic churches also left the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Descy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Descy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_Vatican_following_the_Council">Relationship with the Vatican following the Council</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relationship with the Vatican following the Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the First Vatican Council concluded, an emissary of the Roman Curia was dispatched to secure the signatures of the patriarch and the Melkite delegation. Gregory and the Melkite bishops subscribed to it, but added the qualifying clause used at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a>: "except the rights and privileges of Eastern patriarchs."<sup id="cite_ref-Parry_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parry-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He earned the enmity of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a> for this; during his next visit to the <a href="/wiki/Pontiff" title="Pontiff">pontiff</a> before leaving Rome, when Gregory was kneeling, the Pope placed his knee on the patriarch's shoulder, saying to him, "<i>Testa dura!</i>" ("Hardheaded!").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spite of this event, Gregory and the Melkite Catholic Church remained committed to their union with the Holy See. Relationships with the Vatican improved following the death of Pius IX and the subsequent election of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a>. Leo's <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Orientalium_dignitas" title="Orientalium dignitas">Orientalium dignitas</a></i> in 1894 addressed some of the Eastern Catholic Churches' concerns on <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_latinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical latinisation">latinization</a> and the centralization of power in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-Dick_a_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dick_a-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leo confirmed that the limitations placed on the Armenian Catholic patriarch by Pius IX's 1867 letter <i>Reversurus</i> would not apply to the Melkite Church and he formally recognized an expansion of Patriarch Gregory's jurisdiction to include all Melkites throughout the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dick_a_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dick_a-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Patriarch Gregory died on July 13, 1897, in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DHGE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHGE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his death he was succeeded as patriarch by Barakat Géraigiry, who assumed the name <a href="/wiki/Peter_IV_Geraigiry" title="Peter IV Geraigiry">Peter IV</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gregory is remembered as a particularly dynamic patriarch of the Melkite Church.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His defense of the Eastern ecclesiological conception of church autonomy established the framework for the Eastern Catholic Church's interventions during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Second Vatican Council</a>. Gregory has also been recognized as one of the forerunners of interconfessional dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Antioch" title="Patriarch of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch">List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dick (2004), pp. 38–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/byous.html">"Patriarch Grégoire II Youssef"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org" title="Catholic-Hierarchy.org">Catholic-Hierarchy.org</a></i>. David M. Cheney<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic-Hierarchy.org&rft.atitle=Patriarch+Gr%C3%A9goire+II+Youssef&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fbishop%2Fbyous.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DHGE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DHGE_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHGE_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHGE_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajjar_J.1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hajjar J. (1988). "Grégoire Youssef". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionnaire_d%27histoire_et_de_g%C3%A9ographie_eccl%C3%A9siastiques" title="Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques">Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques</a></i>. Vol. 22. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. pp. 53–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gr%C3%A9goire+Youssef&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+d%27histoire+et+de+g%C3%A9ographie+eccl%C3%A9siastiques&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=53-59&rft.pub=Letouzey+et+An%C3%A9&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Hajjar+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Consécrations Episcopales sous le pontificat du patriarcheClement Ier Bahous". <i>Le Lien</i> (3): 57. 1979.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Lien&rft.atitle=Cons%C3%A9crations+Episcopales+sous+le+pontificat+du+patriarcheClement+Ier+Bahous&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=57&rft.date=1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorolevskij,_Cyrille1932" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Korolevskij, Cyrille (1932). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.churchofthevirginmary.net/documents/church_his.html">the original</a> on 2008-09-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+The+Virgin+Mary+Melkite+Catholic+Church&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Melkite+Community+of+New+York&rft.aulast=Faraj&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofthevirginmary.net%2Fdocuments%2Fchurch_his.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dick (2004), pp. 109–111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parry-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parry_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parry_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parry (1999), p. 313</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dick (2004), p. 110. Dick notes that his source is C. Patelos, <i>Vatican 1st et les eveques uniates,</i> Louvain: Nauwelaerts, 1981, 482-283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Descy-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Descy_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Descy (1993), p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zoghby (1998), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parry (1999), p. 313. See also the account given by Zoghby (1998), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLa_Civita2006" class="citation journal cs1">La Civita, Michael J.L. (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014042008/http://www.cnewa.org/mag-article-bodypg-us.aspx?articleID=3215">"Profiles of the Eastern Churches: The Melkite Greek Catholic Church"</a>. <i>ONE Magazine</i>. <b>32</b> (2). CNEWA (Catholic Near East Welfare Association). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnewa.org/mag-article-bodypg-us.aspx?articleID=3215">the original</a> on 2007-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ONE+Magazine&rft.atitle=Profiles+of+the+Eastern+Churches%3A+The+Melkite+Greek+Catholic+Church&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2006-03&rft.aulast=La+Civita&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnewa.org%2Fmag-article-bodypg-us.aspx%3FarticleID%3D3215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParryMellingBradyGriffith2017" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken; Melling, David J.; Brady, Dimitri; Griffith, Sidney H.; Healey, John F., eds. (2017-09-01) [1999]. "Rome". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781405166584"><i>The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781405166584">10.1002/9781405166584</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6658-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6658-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-6658-4</bdi></a>. <q>The Catholic Melkite patriarch, Gregory II Yusuf (1846–97) opposed the definition of papal infaillibility at the Vatican Council (1869–70); on a subsequent visit to the pope, he was cast down at his feet by his guards, while the pope placed his foot on Gregory's head.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rome&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Eastern+Christianity&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781405166584&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6658-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.1002%2F9781405166584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dick_a-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_a_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_a_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dick (2004), p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Descy (1993), p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hajjar, J. "L'episcopat catholique oriental et le premier concile du Vatican, d'apres la correspondance diplomatique francaise." <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27Histoire_Eccl%C3%A9siastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique">Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique</a></i>, Louvain, p. 763; as presented in Descy (1993), p. 64</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDescy1993" class="citation book cs1">Descy, Serge (1993). <i>The Melkite Church</i>. Boston: Sophia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Melkite+Church&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Sophia+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Descy&rft.aufirst=Serge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick2004" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Ignatios (2004). <i>Melkites: Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics of the Patriarchates of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem</i>. Boston: Sophia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melkites%3A+Greek+Orthodox+and+Greek+Catholics+of+the+Patriarchates+of+Antioch%2C+Alexandria+and+Jerusalem&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Sophia+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Ignatios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry1999" class="citation book cs1">Parry, Ken (1999). David Melling (ed.). <i>The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity</i>. Malden, MA.: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23203-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23203-6"><bdi>0-631-23203-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Dictionary+of+Eastern+Christianity&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA.&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-631-23203-6&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZoghby1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elias_Zoghby" title="Elias Zoghby">Zoghby, Elias</a> (1998). <i>Ecumenical Reflections</i>. Fairfax, VA.: Eastern Christian Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-892278-06-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-892278-06-5"><bdi>1-892278-06-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecumenical+Reflections&rft.place=Fairfax%2C+VA.&rft.pub=Eastern+Christian+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-892278-06-5&rft.aulast=Zoghby&rft.aufirst=Elias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206170307/http://www.pgc-lb.org/english/">"Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Lebanon"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pgc-lb.org/english/">the original</a> on 2009-02-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Melkite+Greek+Catholic+Patriarchate+of+Lebanon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpgc-lb.org%2Fenglish%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090322104311/http://www.opuslibani.org.lb/melkitmenu.html">"The Melkite Church"</a>. OPUSLIBANI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opuslibani.org.lb/melkitmenu.html">the original</a> on 2009-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Melkite+Church&rft.pub=OPUSLIBANI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopuslibani.org.lb%2Fmelkitmenu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGregory+II+Youssef" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Bahouth" title="Clement Bahouth">Clement</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Patriarch of Antioch</a> </b><br />1864–1897 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_IV_Geraigiry" title="Peter IV Geraigiry">Peter IV</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&oldid=1251530404">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregory_II_Youssef&oldid=1251530404</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1823_births" title="Category:1823 births">1823 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1897_deaths" title="Category:1897 deaths">1897 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Catholic_monks" title="Category:Eastern Catholic monks">Eastern Catholic monks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egyptian_Melkite_Greek_Catholics" title="Category:Egyptian Melkite Greek Catholics">Egyptian Melkite Greek Catholics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Patriarchs_of_Antioch" title="Category:Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch">Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Levantine-Egyptians" title="Category:Levantine-Egyptians">Levantine-Egyptians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Catholic_bishops_in_Africa" title="Category:Eastern Catholic bishops in Africa">Eastern Catholic bishops in Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Catholic_bishops_in_Asia" title="Category:Eastern Catholic bishops in Asia">Eastern Catholic bishops in Asia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_S-rel_template_with_ca_parameter" title="Category:Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter">Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 16:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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