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En krydsningsbarrière</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allopatri._En_krydsningsbarrière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artsbarriere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artsbarriere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Artsbarriere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artsbarriere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sympatri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sympatri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Sympatri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sympatri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parapatri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parapatri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Parapatri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parapatri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sygdomme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sygdomme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Sygdomme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sygdomme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Artsdannelse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 59 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesievorming" title="Spesievorming – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spesievorming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="انتواع – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتواع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6vl%C9%99%C5%9Fm%C9%99" title="Növləşmə – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Növləşmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Видообразуване – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Видообразуване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="প্রজাত্যায়ন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রজাত্যায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Specijacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especiaci%C3%B3" title="Especiació – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Especiació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciace" title="Speciace – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Speciace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8)" title="Тĕссем пулса кайни (биологи) – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕссем пулса кайни (биологи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artbildung" title="Artbildung – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artbildung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ειδογένεση – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ειδογένεση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Speciation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciigo" title="Speciigo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Speciigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especiaci%C3%B3n" title="Especiación – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especiación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liigiteke" title="Liigiteke – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liigiteke" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espeziazio" title="Espeziazio – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espeziazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="گونه‌زایی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گونه‌زایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajiutuminen" title="Lajiutuminen – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lajiutuminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9ciation" title="Spéciation – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spéciation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especiaci%C3%B3n" title="Especiación – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Especiación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="היווצרות המינים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היווצרות המינים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8" title="जातिउद्भवन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जातिउद्भवन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Specijacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesyasyon" title="Espesyasyon – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espesyasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajk%C3%A9pz%C5%91d%C3%A9s" title="Fajképződés – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fajképződés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%BB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Տեսակառաջացում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տեսակառաջացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Speciation" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesiasi" title="Spesiasi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesiasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciazione_(evoluzione)" title="Speciazione (evoluzione) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Speciazione (evoluzione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%88%86%E5%8C%96" title="種分化 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="種分化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Түр түзілу – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түр түзілу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ಜಾತೀಕರಣ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾತೀಕರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94" title="종분화 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="종분화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Видообразба – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Видообразба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penspesiesan" title="Penspesiesan – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penspesiesan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soortvorming" title="Soortvorming – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soortvorming" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsdanning" title="Artsdanning – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Artsdanning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powstawanie_gatunk%C3%B3w" title="Powstawanie gatunków – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powstawanie gatunków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86/_%D8%AF_%DA%89%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D8%AA%D9%87_%DA%A9%DB%90%D8%AF%D9%84" title="سپېسيېشن/ د ډولونو رامنځته کېدل – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سپېسيېشن/ د ډولونو رامنځته کېدل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especia%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Especiação – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Especiação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specia%C8%9Bie" title="Speciație – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Speciație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Видообразование – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Видообразование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Specijacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="විශේෂ ප්‍රාප්තිය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශේෂ ප්‍රාප්තිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation" title="Speciation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Speciation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speci%C3%A1cia" title="Speciácia – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Speciácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Specijacija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artbildning" title="Artbildning – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artbildning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சிற்றினத்தோற்றம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிற்றினத்தோற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="การเกิดสปีชีส์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเกิดสปีชีส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espesyasyon" title="Espesyasyon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Espesyasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrle%C5%9Fme" title="Türleşme – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türleşme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Видоутворення – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Видоутворення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlanish_(biologiya)" title="Turlanish (biologiya) – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turlanish (biologiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ACnh_th%C3%A0nh_lo%C3%A0i" title="Hình thành loài – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hình thành loài" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物种形成" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Speciation" title="I-Speciation – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Speciation" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物种形成" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A8%AE%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物種形成 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物種形成" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39350#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Artsdannelse" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Artsdannelse" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Artsdannelse"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Artsdannelse"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Artsdannelse" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Artsdannelse" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&oldid=11310587" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Artsdannelse&id=11310587&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArtsdannelse"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArtsdannelse"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Artsdannelse"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Artsdannelse&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg/500px-Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg/750px-Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg/1000px-Drosophila_speciation_experiment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="235" /></a><figcaption>Et eksperiment med artsdannelse hos <a href="/wiki/Bananflue" title="Bananflue">bananfluer</a>, som blev udført af Diane Dodd i 1989.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ordet <b>artsdannelse</b> betegner de processer, der fører til dannelsen af nye <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a>. Artsdannelse er en del af den <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologisk evolution">biologiske evolution</a>. </p><p>Artsdannelse opstår, når én art spaltes i to <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">populationer</a>, som er isoleret fra hinanden. De vil hver især ophobe de ændringer i <a href="/wiki/Genpulje" title="Genpulje">genpuljen</a>, der opstår ved forandringer under formeringen eller ved tilfældige <a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">mutationer</a>, indtil der ikke længere kan frembringes frugtbart afkom ved krydsning mellem populationerne. Dette udviklingsforløb kaldes <a href="/wiki/Kladogenese" title="Kladogenese">kladogenese</a>. </p><p>Hvis en enkelt population ændrer sig så meget i løbet af en vis tid, at der opstår en ny art, mens den oprindelige art uddør, så kaldes processen for <a href="/wiki/Anagenese" title="Anagenese">anagenese</a>. </p><p>Blandt de mere simple livsformer som f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Bakterie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakterie">bakterier</a> kan en enkelt mutation fremkalde drastiske ændringer (“spring”), der medfører artsdannelse på meget kort tid. Det er dog et spørgsmål om ikke alle levedygtige mutationer i bakterier er sket før, og bakterien så bare skifter imellem nogle tilstandsformer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mekanismer_i_artsdannelsen">Mekanismer i artsdannelsen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Mekanismer i artsdannelsen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Mekanismer i artsdannelsen"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> opdagede en mekanisme i artsdannelsen, som hedder allopatri. Den begynder, når underpopulationer inden for en art bliver geografisk isolerede fra hinanden f.eks. på grund af opsplitning i artens <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> eller på grund af udvandring. De isolerede populationer er tilbøjelige til at udvikle sig væk fra hinanden over mange generationer, når de bliver a) underkastet uens <a href="/wiki/Selektion" class="mw-redirect" title="Selektion">selektionspres</a>, og b) gennemgår arvelige forandringer uafhængigt af hinanden. Det gælder i særligt høj grad, når én af populationerne er lille, så der opstår det, man har kaldt ”<a href="/wiki/Grundl%C3%A6ggervirkning" title="Grundlæggervirkning">grundlæggervirkningen</a>”. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allopatri._En_krydsningsbarrière"><span id="Allopatri._En_krydsningsbarri.C3.A8re"></span>Allopatri. En krydsningsbarrière</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Allopatri. En krydsningsbarrière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Allopatri. En krydsningsbarrière"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allopatri er en artsdannelse, som opstår på grund af, at <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">populationer</a> bliver isoleret fra hinanden. Artsdannelse af denne type opstår gerne, når mindre populationer bliver holdt adskilt fra artens hovedmasse. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> fandt dette mønster på <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos%C3%B8erne" title="Galápagosøerne">Galapagos</a> og på de <a href="/wiki/Kanariske_%C3%B8er" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanariske øer">Kanariske øer</a>, men det kan såmænd genfindes hos os selv: </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vinter-Eg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinter-Eg">Vinter-Eg</a> (<i>Quercus petraea</i>) er en art, som gror på sand, mens <a href="/wiki/Stilk-Eg" class="mw-redirect" title="Stilk-Eg">Stilk-Eg</a> (<i>Quercus robur</i>) gror på enge og lerjord. Stilk-Eg kan danne levedygtigt afkom med pollen fra Vinter-Eg, fordi hybridens kimplanter har grenet rod og kan leve samme steder som Stilk-Eg, hybriden er bare frugtbar i en yngre alder end arterne. Vinter-Eg kan derimod ikke (etter meget sjældent) danne levedygtigt afkom med pollen fra Stilk-Eg, fordi hybriden ikke kan klare sig så godt på det tørre sand som Vinter-Eg, da roden ikke går så hurtigt i dybden, som kimplanter af ren Vintereg. Herved opstår der en stigende adskillelse af forskellen mellem de to danske egearter. </p><p>Hos <a href="/wiki/Rododendron" title="Rododendron">Rododendron</a> er det tit sådan, at der er en art/underart over trægrænsen og en art under trægrænsen, og at arten/underarten over trægrænsen ikke er modtagelig for pollen fra arten under trægrænsen. Arten under trægrænsen har bedre blomstringsmuligheder, og derfor ville den overdynge arten over trægrænsen med pollen, pollen som vil give kimplanter, der ikke er tilpasset til at leve over trægrænsen. </p><p>Der sker altså i begge tilfælde en artsdannelse ved specialisering til vanskligere vækst forhold. Krydsninger kan måske også udvikle sig til nye arter, men da forældrene helst skal være nærtstående for at krydsningen er frugtbar, så er det ofte svært at påvise dette. </p><p>Isolering opstår f.eks., når: </p> <ul><li>en stor <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8" title="Sø">sø</a> tørrer ud og bliver til flere små, lavvandede søer</li> <li>en ny <a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a> dukker op af havet og bliver koloniseret af <a href="/wiki/Startpopulation" title="Startpopulation">startpopulationen</a></li> <li>en <a href="/wiki/Bjergk%C3%A6de" title="Bjergkæde">bjergkæde</a> dannes og adskiller <a href="/wiki/Biotop" title="Biotop">biotopen</a> og dermed populationen i to</li> <li>en <a href="/wiki/%C3%98rken" title="Ørken">ørken</a> opstår på grund af klimaændringer og deler en population</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artsbarriere">Artsbarriere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Artsbarriere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Artsbarriere"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En artsbarriere er en afgrænsning mellem to beslægtede arter. Afgrænsningen kan i nogen tilfælde give sig til kende ved, at krydsninger mellem de to arter er sterile. Derfor betyder artsbarrieren, at arterne er genetisk isolerede, så de ikke kan udveksle arvemateriale. </p><p>Barrieren kan bestå i flere, adskilte eller samvirkende forhold: Den kan opstå på grund af adfærdsmæssige forskelle (forskel i parringsadfærd f.eks.), fysiologiske forskelle (forskel i størrelse) eller geografisk adskillelse (<a href="/wiki/Kontinentaldrift" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontinentaldrift">kontinentaldrift</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sympatri">Sympatri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Sympatri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Sympatri"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En anden mekanisme, som man har opdaget, er <i>sympatri</i>, hvor nye arter udvikles mellem de gamle. Det kan forekomme, hvis underpopulationer bliver afhængige af forskellige fødeemner, eller hvis forandringer i parringsritualer fører til, at den ene underpopulation bliver isoleret fra den anden, hvad angår formering. Tilfældigt opstået fordobling af <a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">kromosomer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polyploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyploid">polyploidi</a>) er også en meget almindelig årsag til artsdannelse inden for samlevende populationer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parapatri">Parapatri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Parapatri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Parapatri"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yderligere findes der en mekanisme, <i>parapatri</i>, hvor arter opstår på grund af ikke-geografiske barrièrer (forskelle i sygdoms<a href="/wiki/Resistens" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistens">resistens</a>, ændringer af rovdyr- eller planteæderbestandene osv.). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A6ontologi" title="Palæontologi">Palæontologer</a> har peget på, at arter almindeligvis er uforandrede over lange tidsforløb, og at artsdannelse gerne sker over relativt korte perioder, der betegnes som <i>afbrudt <a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%B8ostase" title="Homøostase">homøostase</a></i>. Det kan let tænkes, at artsdannelsen fremkaldes af flere, samtidige mekanismer i løbet af udviklingshistorien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sygdomme">Sygdomme</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Sygdomme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sygdomme"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mange arter plages med en sygdom eller snylter. Ved alvorlige angreb så overlever kun de resistente, hvis der så overlever to grupper med hver sin form for resistens, er det ikke sikkert at krydsninger imellem disse er resistente og det vil være en fordel at udvikle en <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paringsadf%C3%A6rd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paringsadfærd (ikke skrevet endnu)">paringsadfærd</a></b> så at arten undgår krydsninger. Dette ville forklare hvorfor mange arter kan krydses i fangenskab men ikke blandes i naturen på grund af forskelig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paringsadf%C3%A6rd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paringsadfærd (ikke skrevet endnu)">paringsadfærd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionsteori" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionsteori">Evolutionsteori</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artsdannelse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Kilder"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFDieter_Heinrich,_Manfred_Hergt1992" class="citation book cs1">Dieter Heinrich, Manfred Hergt (1992). <i>Munksgaards atlas – økologi</i>. København: Munksgaard. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/87-16-10775-6" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/87-16-10775-6">87-16-10775-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Munksgaards+atlas+%E2%80%93+%C3%B8kologi&rft.place=K%C3%B8benhavn&rft.pub=Munksgaard&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Dieter+Heinrich%2C+Manfred+Hergt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3AArtsdannelse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scott Freeman og Jon C. Herron, <i>Evolutionary Analysis</i> (2. udg.) <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/0-13-017291-X" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/0-13-017291-X">0-13-017291-X</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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