PROSPERO

<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>PROSPERO</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="images/iosicon.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/favicon.ico">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="jquery/jquery.mobile-1.4.5.min.css?v=5092860"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="jquery/jquery-ui.css?v=5092860"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="themes/jquery.css?v=5092860"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/overall.css?v=5092860"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href= "../prosperomanagement2018/styles/form.css?v=5092860"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../prosperomanagement2018/styles/dropzone.css?v=5092860"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="icons/flaticon.css?v=5092860"/>    <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.0.min.js?v=5092860"></script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.4.0.min.js?v=5092860"></script>  <script src="jquery/jquery-ui.min.js?v=5092860"></script> <script src="sitedefinitions.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="main.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="maintanance.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="jquery/jquery.mobile-1.4.5.min.js?v=5092860"></script> <script src="jquery.ui.touch-punch.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="siteDefinitions.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="../prosperomanagement2018/js/options.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="../prosperomanagement2018/js/form.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script src="../prosperomanagement2018/js/dropzone.js?v=5092860"/></script>  <script src="jquery/diff_match_patch.js?v=5092860" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="jquery/jquery.pretty-text-diff.min.js?v=5092860" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="jquery/responsiveslides.js?v=5092860"/></script> <script> $( function () { $( ".rslides" ).responsiveSlides(); } ); var userid = 0; var code = ""; if ( window.location.href.indexOf( "?code=" ) > 0 ) { code = window.location.href.substring( window.location.href.indexOf( "?code=" ) + 6, 1000 ); // we need to check whether this code has beem used or not so make a synchronous call to find out var dataString = {}; dataString[ 'code' ] = code; $.ajax( { type: "POST", url: "ajax.php?url=/user/gdpr/check", asynch: false, data: JSON.stringify( dataString ), success: function ( data ) { if ( data.indexOf( 'error' ) != -1 ) { showAlert( "User data", JSON.parse( data ).error, "", null, null, null ); } else { var ret = JSON.parse( data ); if ( ret.success != "1" ) { code = "Expired"; GoToPage( 'surveyexpiredpage' ); } } }, error: function ( xhr, ajaxOptions, thrownError ) { // HANDLE ERROR MORE ELEGANTLY showAlert( "Survey", "There was an error saving your response", "", null, null, null ); } } ); } </script>  <style> /* modal popups GD 20170902 moved to overall.css*/ </style> <link rel="stylesheet" href="jquery-mobile-datepicker-wrapper-master/jquery.mobile.datepicker.css?v=5092860"> <script id="mobile-datepicker" src="jquery-mobile-datepicker-wrapper-master/jquery.mobile.datepicker.js?v=5092860"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push( [ '_setAccount', 'UA-21643220-2' ] ); _gaq.push( [ '_setDomainName', 'none' ] ); _gaq.push( [ '_setAllowLinker', true ] ); _gaq.push( [ '_trackPageview' ] ); ( function () { var ga = document.createElement( 'script' ); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ( 'https:' == document.location.protocol ? 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During this time you may still work on your record and save for submission in the new year. 🎄🎅 </div> <div class="container-table" style="padding: 3em 3em 0 3em;"> <div class="container-cell"> <h2 style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.4em">PROSPERO is fast-tracking registration of protocols related to COVID-19</h2> </div> </div> <div class="container-table" style="padding: 1em 3em 0 3em;"> <div class="container-cell"> <p>PROSPERO accepts registrations for systematic reviews, <strong>rapid reviews</strong> and umbrella reviews. PROSPERO <strong>does not accept scoping reviews</strong> or <strong>literature scans</strong>. Sibling PROSPERO sites registers systematic reviews of <strong>human studies</strong> and systematic reviews of <strong>animal studies</strong>. </p> <p>Before registering a new systematic review, check <strong>PROSPERO</strong> and the resources on <strong><a href="https://www.mcmasterforum.org/networks/covid-end" target="_blank">COVID-END</a></strong> to see whether a similar review already exists. If so, <strong>please do not duplicate without good reason</strong>. Your efforts may be much more useful if switched to a different topic. This will avoid research waste and contribute more effectively to tackling the pandemic.</p> </div> </div>   <div class="container-table" style="padding: 1em 3em 0 3em;"> <div class="container-cell"> <p style="text-align: center">Shortcut for <b>already registered</b> reviews of <strong>human and animal studies</strong> relevant to Covid-19, tagged by research area</p> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="#" data-role="button" data-inline="true" style="margin-right:0" onclick="searchCovid()">COVID-19 Studies</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-table" style="padding: 1em 3em 0 3em;"> <div class="container-cell"> <p>We receive many emails enquiring about progress. As answering these takes time away from processing registrations, please email only if absolutely necessary. We are working hard to process registration requests as quickly as possible. <strong>If your enquiry is related to a COVID-19 registration please add #COVID-19 to your subject line.</strong> </div> </div> <div class="container-table" style="padding: 1em 3em 0 3em;"> <div class="container-cell"> <p>If you do not already have a PROSPERO account, you will need to create one to register a review</p> </div> </div> <div class="container-row">  <div id="register-review" class="container-cell"> <h1>Register a review</h1> <div>Registering a review is quick and easy. Just follow these simple steps to register your review in PROSPERO</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="#register" data-role="button" data-inline="true" style="margin-right:0">Register your review now</a> <p> <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('registrationform');">Accessing and completing the registration form</a> </p> </div> </div>   <div id="search-PROSPERO" class="container-cell"> <h1>Search PROSPERO</h1> <div>Search for PROSPERO registrations by entering words in the record or the registration number below</div> <div id="search" style="width:100%"> <fieldset class="ui-grid-a"> <div class="ui-block-a" style="width:75%"> <input id="txtSearch" name="txtSearch" type="text" value=""/> </div> <div class="ui-block-b" style="width:25%"> <a id="txtSearchGox" href="" onclick="doHomepageSearch();" data-role="button" data-inline="true" style="float: right;">Go</a> </div> </fieldset> </div>  </div> </div> </div>   <div class="home-container"> <div class="home-container-wrapper"> <div class="container-row"> <div class="container-cell"> <h1>Important notice</h1> <p>To allow the PROSPERO team to focus on COVID-19 and to avoid further delay, <strong>during the pandemic all submissions that have been waiting for registration for more than 30 days and which pass a basic automated check will be published automatically</strong>. The PROSPERO team will not check these submissions; this will be stated clearly on the published record. Records will be published exactly as submitted; therefore extra care should be taken to ensure that submitted information is accurate. Submissions which do not pass the basic automated check will be automatically rejected.</p> <p>Due to technical issues, you will not receive an email notification if your record is automatically published. Please check your account after 10 days to confirm registration.</p> <p>For records that are within 10 days of submission, registrations from the UK will continue to be prioritised because PROSPERO is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). </p> <p><strong>We are receiving a large volume of emails enquiring about progress. As answering these takes time away from processing records, please only email should if it is absolutely necessary. If your enquiry is related to a review on COVID-19 registration please add #COVID-19 to your subject line. For other reviews please allow at least 14 days from submission before enquiring about progress. </strong></p> <p>Students: We do not (have the resources to) register reviews done as part of training courses, modules or other 'mini' reviews. Feel free to use the system in your learning and to help you develop a full protocol, but do not press the <submit> button. </p> </div> </div>  </div> </div>     </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="integrity"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div data-role="data" style="margin: auto; padding: 3em;"> <h2>Integrity of data and prospective registration</h2> <h3>When to register your review</h3> <p><b>Do not register too early. Your systematic review protocol should be complete before you submit your registration request.</b> </p> <p>Registering reviews that are never performed is unhelpful to the research community and may discredit the research team. <br>You should therefore have the necessary resource in place to complete the review before you register your protocol (notification of award of research funding or firm commitment that author time is available for unfunded projects).</p> <p>PROSPERO relies on the integrity of researchers for the accuracy of the data supplied, and the named contacts are accountable for the content of their records. We routinely monitor the time frame given in submissions and seek clarification where this appears overly ambitious prior to confirming registration and providing a PROSPERO registration number. Amendments and updates to the record are made transparent in the audit trail within each record.</p> <p>On rare occasions, peer reviewers and editors using PROSPERO to compare what was planned with what is reported in the final manuscript, have identified that the initial registration date in PROSPERO post-dates the manuscript submission date to the journal. In these cases the logical explanation is that the stage of review was inaccurately completed in the PROSPERO registration form; otherwise the submission would have been rejected. In such cases, the named contact will be alerted to the issue and given the opportunity to respond within two weeks. If it is confirmed that incorrect information was provided, or no response is received, the content of the PROSPERO record will be removed, leaving the title and the details of the named contact and the following statement:</p> <p><strong>Since publication of this record it has been established that information provided initially about the stage of the review and anticipated completion date was inaccurate. The review had actually progressed beyond the stage of eligibility for PROSPERO.</strong> </p> <p><strong>Prospective registration aims to facilitate the comparison of reported review findings with what was planned a priori in the protocol. Reviews should ideally be registered before screening against eligibility criteria commences. However, reviews are currently accepted provided they have not progressed beyond the completion of data extraction.</strong> </p> <p><strong>Protocol details for this review should be sought from the named contact.</strong> </p> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="myprospero"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; 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deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <div id="confirmsearch"> <h2 class="updateoply">Please tell us why this record has been updated.</h2> <p class="updateoply">Please provide a <b>brief</b> description of any major changes made to your record e.g. to inclusion criteria or outcomes and <b>why</b> these have been made. This is important information for those reading your record. It helps safeguard against readers assuming that changes have been done to manipulate results and supports the credibility of your review. </p> <p class="updateoply">PLEASE NOTE: the text you enter here will appear in the published review under the <i>Revision Notes</i> section</p> <textarea class="updateoply" style="width: 30em; height: 10em; border-color: black" onkeyup="checkReleaseAgreement();" onpaste="checkReleaseAgreement();" id="releasenotes" placeholder="Enter revision notes here - you will not be able to submit your record without completing this box (min 25 characters)"></textarea> <div style="padding: 2em; font-style: italic"> <label> <input class="releasenotesAgree" onclick="checkReleaseAgreement();" type="checkbox" id="releasenotes_Check1">I confirm that the information I have supplied for this submission is accurate and complete and I understand that deliberate provision of inaccurate information or omission of data may be construed as scientific misconduct </label> <label> <input class="releasenotesAgree" onclick="checkReleaseAgreement();" type="checkbox" id="releasenotes_Check2">I confirm that I will update the status of my review when it is completed and will add publication details in due course </label> <label> <input class="releasenotesAgree" onclick="checkReleaseAgreement();" type="checkbox" id="releasenotes_Check3">I confirm that this submission is written in English (search strategies and protocols attached to a record may be in any language). 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These tags are not currently applied by Cochrane authors so Cochrane Protocols will not be retrieved with this filter.</p> <ul data-role="listview" id="healtharea"> <li> <label for="healtharea_any">Any health area</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'healtharea')" data-value="" id="healtharea_any" checked="checked"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse">Alcohol/substance misuse/abuse</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="healtharea_alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse" id="healtharea_alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_blood_and_immune_system">Blood and immune system</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="healtharea_blood_and_immune_system" id="healtharea_blood_and_immune_system"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_cancer">Cancer</label> <input class="healtharea" 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for="healtharea_general_interest">General interest</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="healtharea_general_interest" id="healtharea_general_interest"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_genetics">Genetics</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Genetics" id="healtharea_genetics"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_health_inequalities">Health inequalities/health equity</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Health inequalities/health equity" id="healtharea_health_inequalities"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_infections_and_infestations">Infections and infestations</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Infections and infestations" id="healtharea_infections_and_infestations"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_international_development">International development</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="International development" id="healtharea_international_development"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_mental_health_and_behavioural_conditions">Mental health and behavioural conditions</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Mental health and behavioural conditions" id="healtharea_mental_health_and_behavioural_conditions"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_musculoskeletal">Musculoskeletal</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Musculoskeletal" id="healtharea_musculoskeletal"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_neurological">Neurological</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Neurological" id="healtharea_neurological"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_nursing">Nursing</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Nursing" id="healtharea_nursing"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_obstetrics_and_gynaecology">Obstetrics and gynaecology</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Obstetrics and gynaecology" id="healtharea_obstetrics_and_gynaecology"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_oral_health">Oral health</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Oral health" id="healtharea_oral_health"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_palliative_care">Palliative care</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Palliative care" id="healtharea_palliative_care"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_perioperative_care">Perioperative care</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Perioperative care" id="healtharea_perioperative_care"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_physiotherapy">Physiotherapy</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Physiotherapy" id="healtharea_physiotherapy"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_pregnancy_and_childbirth">Pregnancy and childbirth</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Pregnancy and childbirth" id="healtharea_pregnancy_and_childbirth"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_public_health">Public health (including social determinants of health)</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Public health including social determinants of health" id="healtharea_public_health"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_rehabilitation">Rehabilitation</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Rehabilitation" id="healtharea_rehabilitation"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_respiratory_disorders">Respiratory disorders</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Respiratory disorders" id="healtharea_respiratory_disorders"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_service_delivery">Service delivery</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Service delivery" id="healtharea_service_delivery"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_skin_disorders">Skin disorders</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Skin disorders" id="healtharea_skin_disorders"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_social_care">Social care</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Social care" id="healtharea_social_care"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_surgery">Surgery</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Surgery" id="healtharea_surgery"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_tropical_medicine">Tropical Medicine</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Tropical Medicine" id="healtharea_tropical_medicine"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_urological">Urological</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Urological" id="healtharea_urological"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_WIC">Wounds, injuries and accidents</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Wounds, injuries and accidents" id="healtharea_WIC"> </li> <li> <label for="healtharea_violence_and_abuse">Violence and abuse</label> <input class="healtharea" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('healtharea')" data-value="Violence and abuse" id="healtharea_violence_and_abuse"> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-role="collapsible" data-iconpos="left" data-inset="false" class="ui-nodisc-icon ui-alt-icon"> <h2>Type and method of the review <span class="listview_setting" id="review_methodcaption"></span></h2> <ul data-role="listview" id="review_method"> <li> <label for="review_method_any">Any review type or method</label> <input data-value="" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_any" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'review_method')" checked="checked"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_diagnostic">Diagnostic</label> <input data-value="Diagnostic" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_diagnostic" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_epidemiologic">Epidemiologic</label> <input data-value="Epidemiologic" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_epidemiologic" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_intervention">Intervention</label> <input data-value="Intervention" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_intervention" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_prevention">Prevention</label> <input data-value="Prevention" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_prevention" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_prognostic">Prognostic</label> <input data-value="Prognostic" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_prognostic" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_service_delivery">Service Delivery</label> <input data-value="Service Delivery" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_service_delivery" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_systematic_review">Systematic review</label> <input data-value="Systematic Review" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_systematic_review" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_meta-analysis">Meta-analysis</label> <input data-value="Meta-Analysis" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_meta-analysis" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_IPD">Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis</label> <input data-value="IPD" class="reviewtype" type="checkbox" id="review_method_IPD" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_PMA">Prospective meta-analysis (PMA)</label> <input data-value="PMA" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_PMA" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_pre-clinical_review">Pre-clinical review</label> <input data-value="Pre-clinical review" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_pre-clinical_review" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_methodology">Methodology</label> <input data-value="Methodology" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_methodology" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_network-meta-analysis">Network meta-analysis</label> <input data-value="Network meta-analysis" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_network-meta-analysis" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_review_of_reviews">Review of reviews</label> <input data-value="Review of reviews" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_review_of_reviews" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_qualitative_synthesis">Qualitative synthesis</label> <input data-value="Qualitative synthesis" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_qualitative_synthesis" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_cost_effectiveness">Cost effectiveness</label> <input data-value="Cost effectiveness" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_cost_effectiveness" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> <li> <label for="review_method_other">Other</label> <input data-value="Other" class="review_method" type="checkbox" id="review_method_other" onclick="SelectFilterItem('review_method')"> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-role="collapsible" data-iconpos="left" data-inset="false" class="ui-nodisc-icon ui-alt-icon"> <h2>Source of the review <span class="listview_setting" id="typeofprotocol"></span></h2> <ul data-role="listview" id="filter_protocol"> <li> <input onchange="SetTypeOfProtocol();" type="radio" name="radio-choice" id="all_protocols" value="choice-1" checked="checked"/> <label for="all_protocols" class="ui-btn ui-corner-all ui-btn-inherit ui-btn-icon-right">All protocols</label> </li> <li style="margin-left: 1.7em;"> <label for="exclude_cochrane_protocols">Exclude Cochrane protocols</label> <input onchange="SetTypeOfProtocol();" data-value="" type="checkbox" id="exclude_cochrane_protocols"> </li> <li style="margin-left: 1.7em;"> <label for="exclude_animal_protocols">Exclude reviews of animal studies for human health protocols</label> <input onchange="SetTypeOfProtocol();" data-value="" type="checkbox" id="exclude_animal_protocols" disabled> </li> <li> <input onchange="SetTypeOfProtocol();" type="radio" name="radio-choice" id="cochrane_protocols-only" value="choice-2"/> <label for="cochrane_protocols-only">Cochrane protocols only</label> </li> <li> <input disabled onchange="SetTypeOfProtocol();" type="radio" name="radio-choice" id="animal_protocols_only" value="choice-3"/> <label for="animal_protocols_only">Reviews of animal studies for human health protocols only</label> </li> </ul>  </li> <li data-role="collapsible" data-iconpos="left" data-inset="false" class="ui-nodisc-icon ui-alt-icon"> <h2>Status of the review <span class="listview_setting" id="reviewstatuscaption"></span></h2> <ul data-role="listview" id="reviewstatus"> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_any">Any review status</label> <input data-value="" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_any" checked="checked"> </li> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_ongoing">Ongoing</label> <input data-value="Review_Ongoing" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_ongoing"> </li> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_completed">Completed</label> <input data-value="Review_Completed_not_published" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_completed"> </li> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_published">Published</label> <input data-value="Review_Completed_published" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_published"> </li> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_ongoing_update">Ongoing update</label> <input data-value="Review_Completed_published_being_updated" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_ongoing_update"> </li> <li> <label for="reviewstatus_abandoned">Discontinued</label> <input data-value="Review_discontinued" class="reviewstatus" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('reviewstatus')" id="reviewstatus_abandoned"> </li> </ul> </li> <li data-role="collapsible" data-iconpos="left" data-inset="false" class="ui-nodisc-icon ui-alt-icon"> <h2>Restrict search to specific fields <span class="listview_setting" id="fieldcaption"></span></h2> <ul data-role="listview" id="field" data-filter="false" data-filter-placeholder="Find a field by typing here"> <li data-role="list-divider" class="ui-li ui-li-divider ui-bar-b">Common choices</li><li><label for="field_any">Any field</label><input data-value="" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'field')" id="field_any" checked="checked"></li><li><label for="field_AN">PROSPERO Registration number [AN]</label><input data-value="AN" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'field')" id="field_AN"></li><li><label for="field_TI">Title [TI]</label><input data-value="TI" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'field')" id="field_TI"></li><li><label for="field_IV">Intervention [IV]</label><input data-value="IV" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'field')" id="field_IV"></li><li><label for="field_FU">Funding sources [FU]</label><input data-value="FU" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="TogglCheckboxAll(this,'field')" id="field_FU"></li><li data-role="list-divider" class="ui-li ui-li-divider ui-bar-b">Other fields</li><li><label for="field_C19"> [C19]</label><input data-value="C19" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_C19" ></li><li><label for="field_DB"> [DB]</label><input data-value="DB" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_DB" ></li><li><label for="field_BA">Assessment of bias [BA]</label><input data-value="BA" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_BA" ></li><li><label for="field_CL">Collaborators [CL]</label><input data-value="CL" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CL" ></li><li><label for="field_CM">Comparator [CM]</label><input data-value="CM" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CM" ></li><li><label for="field_CD">Completion date [CD]</label><input data-value="CD" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CD" ></li><li><label for="field_CS">Condition studied [CS]</label><input data-value="CS" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CS" ></li><li><label for="field_CF">Conflict of interest [CF]</label><input data-value="CF" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CF" ></li><li><label for="field_AD">Contact address [AD]</label><input data-value="AD" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_AD" ></li><li><label for="field_CT">Context [CT]</label><input data-value="CT" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CT" ></li><li><label for="field_CO">Country [CO]</label><input data-value="CO" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_CO" ></li><li><label for="field_DE">Data extraction [DE]</label><input data-value="DE" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_DE" ></li><li><label for="field_DY">Data synthesis [DY]</label><input data-value="DY" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_DY" ></li><li><label for="field_DS">Dissemination [DS]</label><input data-value="DS" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_DS" ></li><li><label for="field_ER">Existing review details [ER]</label><input data-value="ER" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_ER" ></li><li><label for="field_FR">Final report [FR]</label><input data-value="FR" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_FR" ></li><li><label for="field_HA">Health area [HA]</label><input data-value="HA" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_HA" ></li><li><label for="field_KW">Keywords [KW]</label><input data-value="KW" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_KW" ></li><li><label for="field_LA">Language [LA]</label><input data-value="LA" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_LA" ></li><li><label for="field_NC">Named contact [NC]</label><input data-value="NC" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_NC" ></li><li><label for="field_EM">Named contact email [EM]</label><input data-value="EM" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_EM" ></li><li><label for="field_OA">Organisational affiliation [OA]</label><input data-value="OA" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_OA" ></li><li><label for="field_LT">Original language title [LT]</label><input data-value="LT" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_LT" ></li><li><label for="field_RE">Other registrations [RE]</label><input data-value="RE" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_RE" ></li><li><label for="field_PA">Participants [PA]</label><input data-value="PA" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_PA" ></li><li><label for="field_OP">Primary outcomes [OP]</label><input data-value="OP" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_OP" ></li><li><label for="field_PR">Published protocol [PR]</label><input data-value="PR" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_PR" ></li><li><label for="field_RQ">Review question [RQ]</label><input data-value="RQ" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_RQ" ></li><li><label for="field_TE">Review team [TE]</label><input data-value="TE" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_TE" ></li><li><label for="field_SS">Searches [SS]</label><input data-value="SS" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_SS" ></li><li><label for="field_OS">Secondary outcomes [OS]</label><input data-value="OS" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_OS" ></li><li><label for="field_SD">Start date [SD]</label><input data-value="SD" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_SD" ></li><li><label for="field_RS">Status of the review [RS]</label><input data-value="RS" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_RS" ></li><li><label for="field_ST">Study type [ST]</label><input data-value="ST" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_ST" ></li><li><label for="field_SG">Subgroup analysis [SG]</label><input data-value="SG" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_SG" ></li><li><label for="field_SM">Summary [SM]</label><input data-value="SM" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_SM" ></li><li><label for="field_TL">Telephone [TL]</label><input data-value="TL" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_TL" ></li><li><label for="field_RT">Type of review [RT]</label><input data-value="RT" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_RT" ></li><li><label for="field_UR">URL for search [UR]</label><input data-value="UR" class="field" type="checkbox" onclick="SelectFilterItem('field')" id="field_UR" ></li> </ul> </li> <li id="dateAdded" data-role="collapsible" data-iconpos="left" data-inset="false" class="ui-nodisc-icon ui-alt-icon"> <h2>Date added to PROSPERO <span class="listview_setting" id="datecaption"></span></h2>  <input onchange="SelectFilterDateItem()" placeholder="Start date" id="datefrom" data-inline="false" data-date-format="yy-dd-mm" data-clear-btn="true" class="dateSelection"> <input onchange="SelectFilterDateItem()" placeholder="End date" id="dateto" data-inline="false" data-date-format="yy-dd-mm" data-clear-btn="true" class="dateSelection"> <a href="#" id="searchclear" data-role="button" onclick="ClearDates();" data-inline="true">Clear dates</a>  </li> </ul> <div id="searchresults" style="width: 100%"> <ul> </ul> </div>  <div id="searchresults"> </div> <div id="searchhistory" style="display: none"> <table id="historyOptionsTable" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td><span style="padding-left:0; float:left;"><span onclick="SelectAll(1);" class="select" style="padding-left:0; cursor: pointer;"> Select all </span><span class="divide">|</span><span onclick="SelectAll(0);" class="select" style="cursor: pointer;"> Unselect all</span> <span class="divide">|</span><span onclick="clearHistorySearch();" class="select" style="cursor: pointer;"> Clear history</span> <span class="divide">|</span><b> Combine checked lines with </b> <span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="CombineRows('AND');" class="select"> AND </span><span class="divide">|</span><span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="CombineRows('OR');" class="select"> OR</span><span class="divide">|</span> <span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="CombineRows('NOT');" class="select"> NOT </span> </span>  </td> </tr> </table>  <table id="historyDataTable" style="table-layout: fixed; width:100%"> <tr class="myDataTableRow"><th></th><th>Line</th><th>Search for</th><th>Hits</th></tr> </table> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> <div data-role="panel" id="exportpanelz" data-display="push" data-dismissible="false" data-swipe-close="true" data-position="right"> <span> <h1>Export</h1> <span class="flaticon-close" onclick='$("#exportpanelz").panel("close");'></span> </span> <p>Export the results of your search to a tagged text file. The file will be prepared and downloaded to your device when you click "Export now" below</p> <p>An Endnote import filter is available for these records <a href="http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/CRDWEB/filters/PROSPERO.zip" target="_blank">here</a>.</p> <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" id="export" data-iconpos="right"> <label for="exportall">Export all results</label> <input type="radio" id="exportall" name="group1" checked> <label for="exportchecked">Export checked results only</label> <input type="radio" id="exportchecked" name="group1"> </fieldset> <hr> <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" id="type" data-iconpos="right"> <label for="exportlegacy">Export in legacy PROSPERO format</label> <input type="radio" id="exportlegacy" name="group2" checked> <label for="exportris">Export as RIS</label> <input type="radio" id="exportris" name="group2"> </fieldset> <button onclick="ExportLineNow()" value="Export now">Export now</button> </div>  </div> </div> <div data-role="page" id="guidancenotes" data-theme="c" data-content-theme="a"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <form id="pdfguidanceform" action="export_record_pdf.php" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" target="_blank" style="display: none"> <input type="text" name="html" id="pdfguidanceoutput" value=""/> </form> <div data-role="data" style="margin: auto; padding: 3em;"> <div style="float: right; margin-top: -2em;" class="exportpdf flaticon flaticon-pdf" onclick="getGuidancePDF();"></div> <h2>Registering a review on PROSPERO</h2> <p>PROSPERO is an international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews in health and social care. Key features from the review protocol are recorded and maintained as a permanent record in PROSPERO. The aim is to provide a comprehensive listing of systematic reviews registered at inception, to help avoid unplanned duplication. By promoting transparency in the process and enabling comparison of reported review findings with what was planned in the protocol PROSPERO also aims to minimise the risk of bias in systematic review.</p> <p>PROSPERO has been developed and is managed by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York and is funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).</p> <h2>What does registration on PROSPERO involve?</h2> <p>Registration in PROSPERO involves the prospective submission and publication of key information about the design and conduct of a systematic review.</p> <p> Registration on PROSPERO is free of charge. In return, registrants are accountable for the accuracy and updating of information submitted. </p> <h2>Inclusion criteria</h2> <p>PROSPERO includes details of any planned or on-going systematic review that has a health related outcome. </p> <h2>PROSPERO accepts:</h2> <p>Systematic review protocols assessing: </p> <ul> <li>Interventions (Including <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_qualitative');">qualitative</a> and <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_interventions');">individual participant data reviews</a>)</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_dta');">Diagnostic accuracy</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_prognostic');">Prognostic</a> factors </li> <li>Prevention</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_epidemiological');">Epidemiological</a> reviews relevant to health and social care </li> <li>Public health </li> <li>Service delivery in health and social care</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_methodology');">Methodological</a></li> </ul> <p>Further information on protocol development specific to review types is accessible below.</p> <p><img src="images/inclusion.jpg?v=2" width="553" height="420" usemap="#MapAboutReg"> <map name="MapAboutReg" id="MapAboutReg"> <area shape="circle" coords="277,67,65" href="#sub_qualitative" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_qualitative');" title="Qualitative" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="158,124,65" href="#sub_epidemiological" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_epidemiological');" title="Epidemiological" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="343,353,65" href="#sub_dta" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_dta');" title="Diagnostic accuracy" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="424,251,65" href="#sub_scoping" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_scoping');" title="Scoping reviews" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="395,123,65" href="#sub_prognostic" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_prognostic');" title="Prognostic" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="212,353,65" href="#sub_interventions" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_interventions');" title="Individual participant data" class="highlightArea"> <area shape="circle" coords="130,251,65" href="#sub_methodology" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_methodology');" title="Methodological" class="highlightArea"> </map> </p> <h2>Requirements for registration</h2> <ul> <li>A full protocol should be ready before registering with PROSPERO </li> <li>Submissions must be made before data extraction commences (from October 2019)</li> <li>Registration forms must be complete.</li> <li>Submissions must be in English (search strategies and protocols attached to a record may be in any language). </li> </ul> <h2 style="color: #e30a0a">PROSPERO does not accept:</h2> <ul> <li>Systematic reviews without an outcome of clear relevance to the health of humans</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_scoping');">Scoping reviews</a></li> <li>Literature reviews that use a systematic search</li> <li>Systematic reviews assessing sports performance as an outcome</li> <li>Methodological reviews that assess ONLY the quality of reporting</li> <li>Systematic critical appraisals</li> </ul> <h2>Other considerations</h2> <ul> <li style="display: none">Cochrane protocols are automatically uploaded- To avoid duplication of records, Cochrane protocols <strong>should not</strong> be registered separately with PROSPERO.</li> <li>Systematic reviews of animal studies only are not eligible for registration in the section of PROSPERO dedicated to reviews of human studies. These should be registered in the section of PROSPERO for animal studies.</li> <li>Systematic reviews of in-vitro studies only are not eligible for registration on PROSPERO. We recommend registering such protocols elsewhere, for instance on Open Science Framework.</li> </ul> <p>If you are in any doubt about the eligibility of your review, including the stage of progress please contact us by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a> for advice.</p> <h2>When to register your review</h2> <p><strong>Do not register too early. Your systematic review protocol should be complete before you submit your registration request  </strong> </p> <p>Registering reviews that are never performed is unhelpful to the research community and may discredit the research team. <br> You should therefore have the necessary resource in place to complete the review before you register your protocol (notification of award of research funding or firm commitment that author time is available for unfunded projects). </p> <h2>Accessing and navigating the registration form</h2> <p>Obtain a username and password by following the ‘Join’ link in the top right hand corner of the PROSPERO website.</p> <p>Once you have joined, you can ‘Sign in’ and then you will be able to select ‘Register a review’ in the left hand column. This opens a page that encourages you to check that your review will meet the inclusion criteria and that the review is not already registered, if you are happy to continue, click on Open the registration form. The Open the registration form option opens a page where you are asked to confirm your review is eligible for inclusion and sufficiently different from any other review registered. If you are happy to confirm the information you may proceed to the registration form by clicking on the Register a review box. This will take you to the electronic registration form which has 22 required fields and 18 optional fields. ‘Required’ fields, marked with a red asterisk, must be completed before the Submit button can be accessed. You may save and exit the form at any time, and return at a later date changes are also automatically saved when a field is exited. You are able to add or edit information at a later time by signing in at the main page and going to ‘My PROSPERO records’. </p> <p>Providing access to a protocol is not a substitute for entering data into the required fields. </p> <p>Most registrants complete the form in 60 minutes or less.</p> <p>Brief guidance about the information required in each field is given in the form by clicking the <img src="images/info-button.jpg" alt=""> icon or by clicking ‘show help’ at the top of the page and more detailed information, with examples, is given below for each section.. <br> When you are ready, the form can be sent to the PROSPERO administrators by clicking on Submit.</p> <h2>What happens after submitting a form</h2> <p>Access to your record to make further changes or updates is suspended during the administrative process. Receipt of submission is acknowledged in an automated email sent to the named contact.</p> <p>Registration forms are checked against the eligibility criteria for PROSPERO and if they meet the inclusion criteria are checked for clarity of content before being approved and published on the register, returned for clarification or rejected. We endeavor to provide an update within five working days. However if you wish to enquire on the progress of your submission please contact the administration team by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a>.</p> <p>Once published on the register, the record will again become accessible for future editing. However the original document submitted will remain in the register to provide a permanent record for the audit trail and for reference. The form can also be saved as a pdf or word processing document if you want to share with others working on the review before submitting.</p> <p>Should your submission be rejected for registration the record will then be locked and no further edits can be made. Further access to the record for editing is not then possible without contacting us by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a>.</p> <h2>Making changes, amendments and updating a published record</h2> <p>Changes, amendments and updates can be made to a published record by signing in, going to My PROSPERO records and opening the saved record. Once the changes have been made you must click the Submit button. You will then be asked to give brief details of the changes made. The information entered here will appear in the public record and should inform users of the database of the nature of the changes made (e.g. removed one of the outcome measures; changed the anticipated completion date).</p> <p>Full guidance notes are available <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oFyQs_J5p3DHZJWJbbIrCZJpdWaRsL7L/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=108883322421535236222&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">here</a>.</p> <p>All submitted edits and changes to a PROSPERO record will be recorded, dated, and made available within the public record audit trail. The most recent version will appear with previous versions accessible from dated links on the right-hand side of the screen, with the revision notes. </p> <h2>What to do after completing a review and after publishing the findings</h2> <p>Records remain permanently on PROSPERO. Once the review is completed this information should be updated in the record together with the anticipated publication date. The bibliographic reference and electronic links to publications should be added to the record by the authors. In the absence of a publication, details of availability of the review’s unpublished results, or reasons for the discontinuation of the review, should be documented. Reminder emails with detailed instructions on what to do, are sent on the anticipated completion and publication dates.</p> <h2>Registering an update of a completed review</h2> <p>If you decide to update the registration of a review you have already completed, you can access the record by signing in and going to My PROSPERO records. You can make changes to the protocol and submit it as an update and it will be processed as for a new review. It is important to decide if you are updating a review, or in fact because of changes to the protocol, are doing a new review. The following definitions have been provided to help you decide.</p> <h3><em>What is an update of a review?</em></h3> <p>Updating a systematic review is a discrete event during which efforts are made to identify and incorporate new evidence into a previously completed systematic review<br> An ‘update’ may be any modified version of a review that includes the findings of a more recent search than the previously completed version of the review. It can still be considered an update even if the new search reveals no additional studies. Any newly identified studies should be assessed and, if appropriate, incorporated into the updated review. An update might also be an opportunity to conduct new analyses or add additional information to the review.</p> <h3><em>What constitutes a new review rather than an update?</em></h3> <p>It can be difficult to decide whether an update to a review is in fact a new review. There is little published guidance on this. PROSPERO adopts a pragmatic approach. If changes to the review questions or methods are so substantial that they require major changes to the original protocol, this should be regarded as a new review rather than an update. Examples that would constitute a new review: </p> <ul> <li>addition of new treatment comparisons e.g. direct comparison of different drugs, when the old review included only comparisons of drug with placebo;</li> <li>substantial changes to the population being studied e.g. adding adults to a review that was previously restricted to children;</li> <li>exclusion criteria in the old review become inclusion criteria in the new review;</li> <li>introduction of new analysis techniques e.g. a switch from aggregate data meta-analyses to individual participant meta-analyses. </li> </ul> <p>If in doubt, a new record for a new review should be created. This will minimise the complexity of the editing to the original record in PROSPERO and make it easier for users to distinguish between the original review and the later version. Links between the new and original review can be added in field #37 in the registration form.</p> <h3>Guide to completing the registration fields</h3> <p>The following guidance notes follow the format of the registration form. The guidance includes a description and example of what is required for each of the fields within each section.</p> <p><strong>SPECIAL NOTES:<br>We accept information in good faith and rely upon the integrity of researchers to ensure the validity of <u>all</u> the data presented in PROSPERO records. Action will be taken if inaccuracies in data, <u>particularly stage of review and anticipated completion date</u>, are identified at any time.</strong> </p> <p><strong>PROSPERO records need to be fully searchable so the information requested needs to be in the fields, even if access to a protocol is given in Field 34. The records are permanent but links are not. We therefore do not accept submissions that refer the reader to the protocol without providing the basic information in the fields.</strong> </p> <div id="guidance_help"></div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="guidancenotes_animals" data-theme="c" data-content-theme="a"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <form id="pdfguidanceanimalsform" action="export_record_pdf.php" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" target="_blank" style="display: none"> <input type="text" name="html" id="pdfguidanceanimalsoutput" value=""/> </form> <div data-role="data" style="margin: auto; padding: 3em;"> <div style="float: right; margin-top: -2em;" class="exportpdf flaticon flaticon-pdf" onclick="getGuidanceAnimalsPDF();"></div> <h2>Registering a review of animal studies on PROSPERO</h2> <p>PROSPERO for animal studies is an international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews of animal studies relevant to human health. Key features from the review protocol are recorded and maintained as a permanent record in PROSPERO. The aim is to provide a comprehensive listing of systematic reviews registered at inception, to help avoid unplanned duplication. By promoting transparency in the process and enabling comparison of reported review findings with what was planned in the protocol PROSPERO also aims to minimise the risk of bias in systematic review.</p> <p>PROSPERO for animal studies has been developed and is managed by the SYRCLE-CAMARADES team and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York. It is funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).</p> <h2>What does registration on PROSPERO involve?</h2> <p>Registration in PROSPERO involves the prospective submission and publication of key information about the design and conduct of a systematic review.</p> <p> Registration on PROSPERO is free of charge. In return, registrants are accountable for the accuracy and updating of information submitted. </p> <h2>Inclusion criteria</h2> <p>PROSPERO includes details of any planned or on-going systematic review that has a health related outcome. </p> <h2>PROSPERO accepts:</h2> <p>Systematic review protocols assessing: </p> <ul> <li>Interventions (Including <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_qualitative');">qualitative</a> and <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_interventions');">individual participant data reviews</a>)</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_dta');">Diagnostic accuracy</a></li> <li>Prognostic factors </li> <li>Prevention</li> <li>Epidemiological reviews relevant to health and social care </li> <li>Public health </li> <li>Service delivery in health and social care</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_methodology');">Methodological</a></li> </ul> <p>Further information on protocol development specific to review types is accessible below.</p> <p><img src="images/inclusion.jpg?v=2" width="553" height="420" usemap="#MapAboutRegMap"> <map name="MapAboutRegMap" id="MapAboutReg2">  <area shape="circle" coords="343,353,65" href="#sub_dta" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_dta');" title="Diagnostic accuracy"> <area shape="circle" coords="424,251,65" href="#sub_scoping" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_scoping');" title="Scoping reviews"> <area shape="circle" coords="395,123,65" href="#sub_prognostic" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_prognostic');" title="Prognostic"> <area shape="circle" coords="212,353,65" href="#sub_interventions" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_interventions');" title="Individual participant data"> <area shape="circle" coords="277,66,65" href="#sub_qualitative" alt="" title="Qualitative" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_qualitative');"> <area shape="circle" coords="130,251,65" href="#sub_methodology" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_methodology');" title="Methodological"> </map> </p> <h2>Requirements for registration</h2> <ul> <li>A full protocol should be ready before registering with PROSPERO </li> <li>Submissions must be made before data extraction commences (from October 2019)</li> <li>Registration forms must be complete.</li> <li>Submissions must be in English (search strategies and protocols attached to a record may be in any language). </li> </ul> <h2 style="color: #e30a0a">PROSPERO does not accept:</h2> <ul> <li>Systematic reviews without an outcome of clear relevance to the health of humans</li> <li><a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('sub_scoping');">Scoping reviews</a></li> <li>Literature reviews that use a systematic search</li> <li>Systematic reviews assessing sports performance as an outcome</li> <li>Methodological reviews that assess ONLY the quality of reporting</li> <li>Systematic critical appraisals</li> </ul> <h2>Other considerations</h2> <ul> <li style="display: none">Cochrane protocols are automatically uploaded- To avoid duplication of records, Cochrane protocols <strong>should not</strong> be registered separately with PROSPERO.</li> <li>Systematic reviews of human studies only are not eligible for registration in the section of PROSPERO dedicated to reviews of animal studies. These should be registered in the section of PROSPERO for human studies.</li> <li>Systematic reviews of in-vitro studies only are not eligible for registration on PROSPERO. We recommend registering such protocols elsewhere, for instance on Open Science Framework.</li> </ul> </ul> <p>If you are in any doubt about the eligibility of your review, including the stage of progress please contact us by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a> for advice.</p> <h2>When to register your review</h2> <p><strong>Do not register too early. Your systematic review protocol should be complete before you submit your registration request  </strong> </p> <p>Registering reviews that are never performed is unhelpful to the research community and may discredit the research team. <br> You should therefore have the necessary resources in place to complete the review before you register your protocol (notification of award of research funding or firm commitment that author time is available for unfunded projects). </p> <h2>Accessing and navigating the registration form</h2> <p>Obtain a username and password by following the ‘Join’ link in the top right hand corner of the PROSPERO website.</p> <p>Once you have joined, you can ‘Sign in’ and then you will be able to select ‘Register a review’ in the left hand column. This opens a page that encourages you to check that your review will meet the inclusion criteria and that the review is not already registered. If you are happy to continue, open the registration form by clicking on the "Register a systematic review of animal research studies (study subjects are animals) that is of direct relevance to human health" link. This opens a page where you are asked to confirm your review is eligible for inclusion and sufficiently different from any other review registered. If you are happy to confirm the information you may proceed to the registration form by clicking on the "Register a review" link. This will take you to the electronic registration form which has 26 required fields and 14 optional fields. All subfields of required fields, marked with a red asterisk, must be completed before the protocol can be submitted. You may save and exit the form at any time, and return at a later date changes are also automatically saved when a field is exited. You are able to add or edit information at a later time by signing in at the main page and going to ‘My PROSPERO records’. </p> <p>Providing access to a protocol is not a substitute for entering data into the required fields. </p> <p>Most registrants complete the form in 60 minutes or less.</p> <p>Brief guidance about the information required in each field is given in the form by clicking the <img src="images/info-button.jpg" alt=""> icon or by clicking ‘show help’ at the top of the page and more detailed information, with examples, is given below for each section.. <br> When you are ready, the form can be sent to the PROSPERO administrators by clicking on "Submit".</p> <h2>What happens after submitting a form</h2> <p>Access to your record to make further changes or updates is suspended during the administrative process. Receipt of submission is acknowledged in an automated email sent to the named contact.</p> <p>Registration forms are checked against the eligibility criteria for PROSPERO. If they meet the inclusion criteria, they are checked for clarity of content before either being approved and published on the register, returned for clarification, or rejected. We endeavour to provide an update within five working days. If you wish to enquire on the progress of your submission please contact the administration team by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a>.</p> <p>Once published on the register, the record will again become accessible for future editing. However, the original document submitted will remain in the register to provide a permanent record for the audit trail and for reference.</p> <p> Should your submission be rejected for registration, the record will be locked and no further edits can be made. Further access to the record for editing is not possible without contacting us by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a>.</p> Please do not create a new record to substitute a rejected record without contacting us.</p> <h2>Making changes, amendments and updating a published record</h2> <p>Changes, amendments and updates can be made to a published record by signing in, going to “My PROSPERO records” and opening the saved record. Once the changes have been made, click the “Submit” button. You will then be asked to give brief details of the changes made. The information entered here will appear in the public record and should inform users of the database of the nature of the changes made (e.g. removed one of the outcome measures; changed the anticipated completion date).</p> <p>Full guidance notes are available <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oFyQs_J5p3DHZJWJbbIrCZJpdWaRsL7L/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=108883322421535236222&rtpof=true&sd=true" target="_blank">here</a>.</p> <p>All submitted edits and changes to a PROSPERO record will be recorded, dated, and made available within the public record audit trail. The most recent version will appear with previous versions accessible from dated links on the right-hand side of the screen, with the revision notes. </p> <h2>What to do after completing a review and after publishing the findings</h2> <p>Records remain permanently on PROSPERO. Once the review is completed this information should be updated in the record together with the anticipated publication date. The bibliographic reference and electronic links to publications should be added to the record by the authors. In the absence of a publication, details of availability of the review’s unpublished results, or reasons for the discontinuation of the review, should be documented. Reminder emails with detailed instructions on what to do, are sent on the anticipated completion and publication dates.</p> <h2>Registering an update of a completed review</h2> <p>If you decide to update the registration of a review you have already completed, you can access the record by signing in and going to “My PROSPERO records”. You can make changes to the protocol and submit it as an update and it will be processed as for a new review. It is important to decide if you are updating a review, or in fact are doing a new review because of changes to the protocol. The following definitions have been provided to help you decide.</p> <h3><em>What is an update of a review?</em></h3> <p>Updating a systematic review is a discrete event during which efforts are made to identify and incorporate new evidence into a previously completed systematic review<br> An ‘update’ may be any modified version of a review that includes the findings of a more recent search than the previously completed version of the review. It can still be considered an update even if the new search reveals no additional studies. Any newly identified studies should be assessed and, if appropriate, incorporated into the updated review. An update might also be an opportunity to conduct new analyses or add additional information to the review.</p> <h3><em>What constitutes a new review rather than an update?</em></h3> <p>It can be difficult to decide whether an update to a review is in fact a new review. There is little published guidance on this. PROSPERO adopts a pragmatic approach. If changes to the review questions or methods are so substantial that they require major changes to the original protocol, this should be regarded as a new review rather than an update. Examples that would constitute a new review: </p> <ul> <li>addition of new treatment comparisons e.g. direct comparison of different drugs, when the old review included only comparisons of drug with placebo;</li> <li>substantial changes to the population being studied e.g. adding non-rodents to a review that was previously restricted to rodents;</li> <li>exclusion criteria in the old review become inclusion criteria in the new review;</li> <li>introduction of new analysis techniques e.g. a switch from aggregate data meta-analyses to individual participant meta-analyses. </li> </ul> <p>If in doubt, a new record for a new review should be created. This will minimise the complexity of the editing to the original record in PROSPERO and make it easier for users to distinguish between the original review and the later version. Links between the new and original review can be added in field #37 in the registration form.</p> <h3>Guide to completing the registration fields</h3> <p>The following guidance notes follow the format of the registration form. The guidance includes a description and example of what is required for each of the fields within each section.</p> <p>PROSPERO records need to be fully searchable. We can therefore not accept submissions in which only a link to a protocol registered elsewhere is provided, without providing the basic information in the fields.</p> <p><strong>SPECIAL NOTES:<br> We accept information in good faith and rely upon the integrity of researchers to ensure the validity of <u>all</u> the data presented in PROSPERO records. Action will be taken if inaccuracies in data, <u>particularly stage of review and anticipated completion date</u>, are identified at any time.</strong> </p> <div id="guidanceanimal_help"></div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="searchquick" data-theme="c" data-content-theme="a"> <script> </script> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="intro">Start typing in the box below to search for indiviual words or phrases. This is a simple search which looks only in the Titles of reviews and the review ID number. You can perfom a more refined search by using the <a href="#searchadvanced">filtered search page</a> </div> <input type="search" name="reviewTitle" id="reviewTitle" style="width:100%" data-clear-btn="true"> <div id="results" style="width: 100%; margin-top:1em"> <div id="quicksearchcount"></div> <table id="QuickDataTable" style="table-layout: auto;" width="100%"> </table> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="registernew"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <div id="stepIntro"> <p>These screening questions check whether your review is eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO and avoid wasting your time if it is not eligible.</p> </div> <div id="step_english" class="stepthru stepfirst"> <h3>Will your registration record be in English?</h3> <a onclick="showStep(this);" href="" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-role="button" data-stop="yes" data-response="no" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Registration records must be in English (uploaded search strategies and full protocols may be in any language). <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_scoping" class="stepthru"> <h3>Is this a scoping, literature or mapping review?</h3> <a onclick="showStep(this);" href="" data-stop="yes" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-role="button" data-response="no" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> <p>PROSPERO does <b>not</b> accept scoping reviews, literature reviews or mapping reviews. This should not stop you from submitting your full protocol or completed review for publication in a journal. </p> <p>To copy this explanation to the clipboard to include with a journal submission <a onclick="copyToClipboard()">click here</a>.</p> <p>Resources describing scoping/mapping reviews can be found <a href="#aboutregpage">here</a>. </p> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> <div class="clipboardtext" style="display: none"> PROSPERO does not accept scoping reviews, literature reviews or mapping reviews. This should not stop you from submitting your full protocol or completed review for publication in a journal. </p> </div> </div> <div id="step_HRO" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Does your review include a health outcome with direct relevance to human health?</h3> <p>(e.g. reviews of educational interventions to improve maths skills are not eligible, reviews of educational interventions to promote breastfeeding are eligible)</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-skipnext="no" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="no" data-skipnext="no" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Sorry - your protocol is not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. We hope that this screening process has saved you the time that might be spent preparing a submission that would be rejected and that you will register future systematic reviews in PROSPERO. Further information about PROSPERO scope and eligibility can be found in our <a href="#aboutregpage">guidance document</a><br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_METH" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Is your review of methodological studies that have a clear link to human health?</h3> <p>(e.g. relates to systematic review or clinical study methods)</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="no" data-stop="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Sorry - your protocol is not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. We hope that this screening process has saved you the time that might be spent preparing a submission that would be rejected and that you will register future systematic reviews in PROSPERO. Further information about PROSPERO scope and eligibility can be found in our <a href="#aboutregpage">guidance document</a><br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_Mini" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Is this a mini or partial review done for a training course or classwork or are you using the system to learn how to register?</h3> <p>PROSPERO does not have resources to process applications for reviews done only for training purposes. This includes mini reviews restricted to a subset of eligible studies, demonstrator reviews where a whole class does the same review, or any other projects that are less than full systematic reviews. </p> <p>For learning purposes you may download and complete the PROSPERO form as a <a href="https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/documents/PROSPERO%20registration%20form.pdf" target="_blank">PDF document</a> . If you do complete the form online, please save this in your own space and <b>do not SUBMIT it</b> for publication.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="no" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> </div> <div id="step_similar" class="stepthru"> <h3>Please check PROSPERO for similar systematic reviews before proceeding</h3> <p>Checking whether a similar review already exists should be one of the first steps taken in a systematic review.</p> <p>Knowingly repeating an existing systematic review is not necessarily wrong, but to avoid research waste there should be a reason for doing this - for example if the new review will incorporate additional studies, use new or alternative methods of analysis, or have a different focus.</p> <p>PROSPERO does not prevent registration of similar reviews. However, registrations are dated in PROSPERO and a journal could decide not to publish a review that has repeated an already registered review without justification.</p> <p>If you find a similar review in PROSPERO, but are unsure if it is the same or if it will be completed and published, we suggest that you contact the author to find out before proceeding. Contact details can be found within the PROSPERO record.</p> <h3>I have searched PROSPERO and...</h3> <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" data-iconpos="right"> <label for="reviewNotSimilar">There are no similar reviews</label> <input type="radio" id="reviewNotSimilar" name="similar" onclick="showStepSimilar(this);showStep(this)" data-response="Not similar"> <label for="reviewSufficientlyDifferent">There are similar or identical reviews but my review is needed. <input type="radio" id="reviewSufficientlyDifferent" name="similar" onclick="showStepSimilar(this)" data-response="Sufficiently different"> </label> <div id="similar_text" style="display: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-bottom: 1em"> <textarea id="step_similar_text" placeholder="Give the reasons why your review is needed"></textarea> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="#step_similar_text" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">OK</a> </div> <input type="radio" id="reviewRepetionNeeded" name="similar" onclick="showStepSimilar(this);showStep(this)" data-stop="yes" data-response="Review exists"> <label for="reviewRepetionNeeded">There are similar/identical reviews and I will not proceed with my planned review.</label> </fieldset> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> You have indicated that your protocol is not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. We hope that this screening process has saved you the time that might be spent preparing a submission that would be rejected and that you will register future systematic reviews in PROSPERO. Further information about PROSPERO scope and eligibility can be found in our <a href="#aboutregpage">guidance document</a><br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_Protocol" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Have you written a protocol?</h3> <p>PROSPERO registration captures key information about the design and conduct of a planned systematic review. It is not a full protocol. We strongly encourage you to write a full protocol before completing the PROSPERO registration form (although you may proceed without doing this).</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="no" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> </div> <div id="step_Authors" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Will more than one person be involved in the systematic review? </h3> <p>We strongly recommend that you follow best practice and include more than one person in the review team. PROSPERO will not accept registrations unless there is more than one person conducting the review. You must include details of the other author(s) in the registration form.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a>  </div> <div id="step_Dissemination" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Do you intend to publish the results of your systematic review and/or make them publicly available when completed? </h3> <p>PROSPERO aims to increase transparency and help prevent unintended duplication of effort. This requires that the results of systematic reviews should be made publicly available e.g. by publication in an academic journal, posting in a research repository or being made available on a permanent website. We therefore do not accept registrations from systematic reviews that will not be made available to others e.g. projects that are internal to an organization or company, or masters dissertations if it is known that these will not be shared.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-stop="yes" data-response="no" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> <div> Sorry - your protocol is not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. We hope that this screening process has saved you the time that might be spent preparing a submission that would be rejected and that you will register future systematic reviews in PROSPERO. Further information about PROSPERO scope and eligibility can be found in our <a href="#aboutregpage">guidance document</a><br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h3>Have you started your review?</h3> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">YES</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="no" data-skipnext="alldone" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">NO</a> </div> <div id="x_Preliminary_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <h1>Stage of review</h1> <p>What work have you already done on your systematic review?</p> <p>Reviews that have started data extraction (at the time of initial submission) are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. If we find that incorrect status and/or start or completion dates have been supplied, the published PROSPERO record will be withdrawn.</p> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Preliminary searches</h3> <p>Searches conducted prior to a systematic review to assess the extent of the existing literature.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> </div> <div id="x_Study_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Piloting the study selection process</h3> <p>A process to determine whether the study selection criteria will identify studies eligible for inclusion in the project.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> </div> <div id="x_Study_Started_FUll" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Full searches</h3> <p>Exhaustive searches to identify all publications eligible for inclusion in the review.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> </div> <div id="x_Formal_Screening_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Full screening of search results against eligibility criteria</h3> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> </div> <div id="x_Data_Extraction_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Data extraction</h3> <p>Extracting or obtaining data from included studies or other sources.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-stop="yes" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-stop="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Reviews that have started or completed data extraction are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. The aim of the register is to capture information at the design stage. <br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="x_Quality_Assessment_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Risk of bias or quality assessment</h3> <p>Assessment of the risk of bias or quality of included studies.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-stop="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-stop="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Reviews that have started or completed risk of bias or quality assessment are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. The aim of the register is to capture information at the design stage. <br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="x_Analysis_Started" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <div class="stageofreview"> <h3>Data synthesis</h3> <p>The main project analyses to combine data from eligible studies using formal data synthesis methods.</p> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Not started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Not started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Started" data-role="button" data-inline="true" data-stop="yes" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Started</a> <a href="" onclick="showStep(this);" data-response="Completed" data-stop="yes" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Completed</a> </div> <div class="textHidden" style="display: none"> Reviews that have started or completed data analysis are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. The aim of the register is to capture information at the design stage. <br/> <div><a href="" onclick="dumpOut(this);" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to My PROSPERO</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="step_Yippee" class="stepthru" style="display: none"> <p>Please now go ahead and <a href="" onclick="makeNewrecord(formtype);">register your review</a>.</p> </div> <div id="mustsearch" style="padding: 1em 0"> <h2>Please <a href="#searchadvanced">go back and search PROSPERO</a> before continuing</h2> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="notregpage"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="intro"> <p>The inclusion criteria for registration are explained in the guidance. If after reading the guidance you are unsure if your review is within scope please contact the help desk by email using the details on the <a href="#contactuspage">contact page</a> to inquire. <p> <p>We look forward to receiving future submissions from you.</p> </div> <a href="#registernew" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to registering a new review</a> <a href="#homepage" data-role="button" data-inline="true" class="ui-link ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all" role="button">Go back to the home page</a> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="register"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container">   <div class="intro" style="padding-bottom: 1em;padding-top: 1em;">Registering a review is easy. Please read the guidance notes for registering a <a onclick="loadGuidanceHelp('Clinical');" class="ui-link">systematic review of human studies</a> or a <a onclick="loadGuidanceHelp('Animal');" class="ui-link">systematic review of animal studies relevant to human health</a>, then just follow the five step process below.</div> <div class="step step1"> <div style="display:table-cell;"><span class="stepnumber">Step 1</span> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="steptext">Check the <a href="#" onclick="showAboutReg('inclusioncriteria');" style="color:#5f497a; cursor:pointer; font-weight:600">inclusion criteria</a> to make sure that your review is eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO</span> </div> </div> <div class="step step2"> <div style="display:table-cell;"><span class="stepnumber">Step 2</span> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="steptext">Ensure that your review protocol is in its (near) final form and that no major changes are anticipated at this stage - e.g. if your protocol will be peer reviewed it will usually be sensible to wait until this is complete before registering. </span> </div> </div> <div class="step step3"> <div style="display:table-cell;"><span class="stepnumber">Step 3</span> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="steptext">Search PROSPERO to ensure that your review has not already been registered by another member of your team</span> </div> </div> <div class="step step4"> <div style="display:table-cell;"><span class="stepnumber">Step 4</span> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="steptext">Search PROSPERO to ensure that you are not unnecessarily duplicating a review that is being done by another team or has been registered previously</span> </div> </div> <div class="step step5"> <div style="display:table-cell;"><span class="stepnumber">Step 5</span> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span class="steptext">Start registering your review</span>  </div> </div> <div class="reg-review-online"> <div class="reg-review-online-human"> <div class="reg-review-online-human-outline"> <div class="reg-review-online-block"> <img src="Images/user-silhouette.png" width="48" height="48" alt="" style="padding-left: .9em; padding-right: .9em;"/> </div> <div class="reg-review-online-block"> <a onclick="formtype='Clinical';" href="#registernew" data-inline="true" style="background-color: #9971e9; color: #fff;" class="ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all reg-review"> <div>Register a systematic review of health research studies <b>(study participants are people)</b> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="reg-review-online-animal"> <div class="reg-review-online-animal-outline"> <div class="reg-review-online-block"> <img src="Images/laboratory-mouse.png" width="64" height="64" alt="" style=" padding-left: .4em"/> </div> <div class="reg-review-online-block"> <a onclick="formtype='Animal';" href="#registernew" data-inline="true" style="background-color: #92d050;" class="ui-btn ui-btn-inline ui-shadow ui-corner-all reg-review"> <div>Register a systematic review of animal research studies <b>(study subjects are animals)</b> that is of direct relevance to human health </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" target="legal">Cookies</a> and <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-4" target="legal">Privacy</a></p> </div> <a class="floatcenter" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/" target="_blank"></a> <div class="floatright"> <p>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination<br /> University of York<br /> York, UK<br /> YO10 5DD<br /></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-role="page" id="recordDetails" class="public"> <div class="wrapper">  <div data-role="header"> <div id="documentheader"> <div id="documentheadericons"> <div id="documentheaderuniicon"></div> <div id="documentheadernihricon"><a href="http://www.nihr.ac.uk" target="_blank" class="floatright ui-link" tabindex="-1"><div class="nihr_logo"></div> </a></div> </div> <div id="documentheadertext"><a href="" onclick="GoHome()" tabindex="-1" style="font-weight:bold" class="ui-link">PROSPERO<span id="testdb"></span><br> <span style="font-size:0.85em">International prospective register of systematic reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <form id="pdfdetailsform" action="export_details_pdf.php" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" target="_blank" style="display: none"> <input type="text" name="html" id="pdfdetailsoutput" value=""/> </form> <div data-role="main" style="overflow: hidden; padding: 0px" class="ui-content">  <div class="maincontent"> <div id="formImage" style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="display: none" class="home-message"> </div> <h1><span id="regtype"></span></h1> <div class="liverecord"> <div class="liverecord_systematic">  <p><em>Fields that have an <strong>asterisk (*)</strong> next to them means that they <strong>must be answered.</strong> <strong>Word limits</strong> are provided for each section. You will be unable to submit the form if the word limits are exceeded for any section. Registrant means the person filling out the form</em>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="liverecord"><div class="liverecord_animal">Please complete all mandatory fields below (marked with an asterisk *) and as many of the non-mandatory fields as you can then click <i>Submit</i> to submit your registration. You don't need to complete everything in one go, this record will appear in your <i>My PROSPERO</i> section of the web site and you can continue to edit it until you are ready to submit. Click <i>Show help</i> below or click on the icon <span class="flaticon flaticon-information-circle"></span> to see guidance on completing each section.</div></div> <div id="readonlyrecordtext" class="readonlyrecordtext">This record cannot be edited because it is being assessed by the editorial team</div> <div id="readonlyrecordtextrejected" class="readonlyrecordtextrejected">This record cannot be edited because it has been rejected</div> <div id="readonlyrecordtextoutofscope" class="readonlyrecordtextoutofscope">This record cannot be edited because it has been marked as out of scope</div> <div id="readonlyrecordtextupdate" class="readonlyrecordtextupdate forupdateonly"> <p>Please select one of the options below to edit your record. Either option will create a new version of the record - the existing version will remain unchanged. </p> <label for="amendradio">Submit a protocol amendment. Changes to planned systematic review methodology should be documented transparently and as soon as possible after the changes are agreed. A rationale for the changes should be included and will be displayed on the public record. <span id="noamendment">You cannot amend a record beyond the completion date stated.</span></label> <input onchange="showAmendButtons(0);" id="amendradio" name="updateradios" type="radio"> <label for="updateradio">Update review progress. This includes updating the status of your review, amending the completion date and submitting details of a final report/publication(s) or preprints.</label> <input onchange="showAmendButtons(1);" id="updateradio" name="updateradios" type="radio"> <p style="margin-left: 3em;color: black;font-size: 16px;">A list of fields that can be edited in an update can be found <a href="documents/Reduced field for updates.pdf" target="_blank">here</a></p> </div> <div class="recordsection" id="questionSection">   <div id="documentControls"> <div class="documentControlsLeft"></div> <div class="documentControlsRight"> <div class="documentControlsButton"><span class="flaticon flaticon-print" onclick="print()" title="Print this review"> Print </span> | <span class="exportpdf flaticon flaticon-pdf" onclick="getDetailsPDF();" title="Send review to PDF"> PDF </span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="headerbuttonset1" class="headerbuttonset" style="padding-top: 1em"> <button type="button" class="submitbutton button forliveonly ui-btn ui-btn-inline" onclick="submitForm()">Submit</button>  <button style="display: none" id="allowcreateupdate" type="button" class="button ui-btn ui-btn-inline" onclick="createUpdate()">Start an update for this record</button> <button style="display: none" id="allowcreateamendment" type="button" class="button ui-btn ui-btn-inline" onclick="createAmendment()" >Start an amendment for this record</button> <button type="button" class="button forliveonly ui-btn ui-btn-inline" onclick="saveForm()">Save</button> <button type="button" class="button ui-btn ui-btn-inline" onclick="abandonRecord()">Exit</button> <div style="display: none"> <span id="recordtypespan"> </span> </div> <div style="display: none"> <span id="recordidspan"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="questions" style="display: none"> <div class="questionsScroll"> <ul id="PROSPERO_Clinical_questionlist" data-role="listview" data-inset="true" data-theme="a" data-divider-theme="a" data-corners="true" data-icon="false"> <li data-wmax="50" data-qtype="text_2"><a class="mandatory" href="#question1">1. * Review title.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="50" data-qtype="text_2"><a href="#question2">2. Original language title.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="date"><a class="mandatory" href="#question3">3. * Anticipated or actual start date.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="date"><a class="mandatory" href="#question4">4. * Anticipated completion date.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="q5"><a class="mandatory" href="#question5">5. * Stage of review at time of this submission.</a> </li>  <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question6">6. * Named contact.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="named_contact"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="named_contact_salutation">Email salutation (e.g. "Dr Smith" or "Joanne") for correspondence:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question7">7. * Named contact email.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a href="#question8">8. Named contact address<span class="Q8nb" style="font-size: 0.6em"><br>PLEASE NOTE this information will be published in the PROSPERO record so please do not enter private information, i.e. personal home address</span></a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a href="#question9">9. Named contact phone number.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question10">10. * Organisational affiliation of the review.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="org_affil"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="org_affil_web">Organisation web address:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="reviewteam"><a class="mandatory" href="#question11">11. * Review team members and their organisational affiliations.</a> </li>  <li data-wmax="300" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question12">12. * Funding sources/sponsors.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="funding"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="grantnumber">Grant number(s)<br><span style="font-size: 14px">State the funder, grant or award number and the date of award</span></div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="conflict"><a class="mandatory" href="#question13">13. * Conflicts of interest.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="reviewteam"><a href="#question14">14. Collaborators.</a> </li>  <li data-wmax="250" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question15">15. * Review question.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="300" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question16">16. * Searches.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="url_search"><a href="#question17">17. URL to search strategy.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question18">18. * Condition or domain being studied.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question19">19. * Participants/population.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_5"><a class="mandatory" href="#question20">20. * Intervention(s), exposure(s).</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question21">21. * Comparator(s)/control.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="150" data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question22">22. * Types of study to be included.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="250" data-qtype="text_8"><a href="#question23">23. Context.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question24">24. * Main outcome(s).</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="outcomes"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="timing" data-help="Please specify the effect measure(s) for you main outcome(s) e.g. relative risks, odds ratios, risk difference, and/or 'number needed to treat.">Measures of effect</div> </div> </li> <li data-wmax="300" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question25">25. * Additional outcome(s).</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="outcomes"></div>  <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="timing" data-help="Please specify the effect measure(s) for you additional outcome(s) e.g. relative risks, odds ratios, risk difference, and/or 'number needed to treat.">Measures of effect</div> </div> </li> <li data-wmax="300" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question26">26. * Data extraction (selection and coding).</a> </li> <li data-wmax="200" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question27">27. * Risk of bias (quality) assessment.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="400" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question28">28. * Strategy for data synthesis.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="250" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question29">29. * Analysis of subgroups or subsets.</a> </li>  <li data-qtype="methods"><a class="mandatory" href="#question30">30. * Type and method of review.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="language"><a href="#question31">31. Language.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="country"><a class="mandatory" href="#question32">32. * Country.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="50" data-qtype="text_5"><a href="#question33">33. Other registration details.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="url_published"><a href="#question34">34. Reference and/or URL for published protocol.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="100" data-qtype="dissemination"><a href="#question35">35. Dissemination plans.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a href="#question36">36. Keywords.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="50" data-qtype="text_8"><a href="#question37">37. Details of any existing review of the same topic by the same authors.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="status"><a class="mandatory" href="#question38">38. * Current review status.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a href="#question39">39. Any additional information.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="100" data-qtype="final"><a href="#question40">40. Details of final report/publication(s) or preprints if available.</a> </li> <li data-wmax="100" class="managementquestion" data-qtype="mesh"><a href="#question41"> * MeSH headings.</a> </li> </ul> <ul id="PROSPERO_Animal_questionlist" data-role="listview" data-inset="true" data-theme="a" data-divider-theme="a" data-corners="true" data-icon="false"> <li data-qtype="text_2"><a class="mandatory" href="#question1">1. * Review title.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_2"><a href="#question2">2. Original language title.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="date"><a class="mandatory" href="#question3">3. * Anticipated or actual start date.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="date"><a class="mandatory" href="#question4">4. * Anticipated completion date.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="q5" class="summary"><a class="mandatory" href="#question5">5. * Stage of review at time of this submission.</a> </li>  <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question6">6. * Named contact.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="named_contact"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="named_contact_salutation">Email salutation (e.g. "Dr Smith" or "Joanne") for correspondence:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question7">7. * Named contact email.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a class="mandatory" href="#question8">8. * Named contact address.<br><span class="Q8nb" style="font-size: 0.6em">PLEASE NOTE this information will be published in the PROSPERO record so please do not enter private information</span></a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a href="#question9">9. Named contact phone number</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_1"><a class="mandatory" href="#question10">10. * Organisational affiliation of the review.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="org_affil"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="org_affil_web">Organisation web address:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="reviewteam"><a class="mandatory" href="#question11">11. * Review team members and their organisational affiliations.</a> </li>  <li data-wmax="300" data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question12">12. * Funding sources/sponsors.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="funding"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="grantnumber">Grant number(s)</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="conflict"><a class="mandatory" href="#question13">13. * Conflicts of interest.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="reviewteam"><a href="#question14">14. Collaborators.</a> </li>  <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question15">15. * Review question.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="reviewq"></div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="reviewq_context" data-help="Provide a brief description of the context and rationale of the review, including information on the relevance of your review for human health (max 250 words).">Context and rationale</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question16">16. * Searches.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="url_search"><a href="#question17">17. URL to search strategy.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question18">18. * Human disease modelled.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question19">19. * Animals/population.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="population_included">Inclusion criteria:</div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="population_excluded">Exclusion criteria:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a class="mandatory" href="#question20">20. * Intervention(s), exposure(s).</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="intervention_included">Inclusion criteria:</div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="intervention_excluded">Exclusion criteria:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question21">21. * Comparator(s)/control.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="comparator_included">Inclusion criteria:</div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="comparator_excluded">Exclusion criteria:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_3"><a class="mandatory" href="#question22">22. * Study designs to be included.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="type_included">Inclusion criteria:</div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="type_excluded">Exclusion criteria:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a href="#question23">23. Other selection criteria or limitations applied.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question24">24. * Outcome measure(s).</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="outcome_included">Inclusion criteria:</div> <div data-qtype="text_1" data-subid="outcome_excluded">Exclusion criteria:</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="na"><a href="#question25">25. N/A.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_16"><a class="mandatory" href="#question26">26. * Study selection and data extraction.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_study_selection" data-help="Give the procedure for selecting studies for the review, including the screening phases (title and/or title-abstract and/or full-text), the number of researchers involved, and how discrepancies will be resolved.<span class='showHelpextra'> <b>Example:</b> Screening will be performed in two phases, namely initial screening based on title and abstract, followed by full-text screening of the eligible articles for final inclusion. In each phase, 2 observers will independently assess each article. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion, or by consulting a third investigator.</span>">Procedure for study selection</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_screening" data-help="Multiple exclusion criteria may apply to an abstract/paper, which can cause discrepancies between reviewers in the reason for exclusion recorded. To avoid this, it is helpful to prioritize the exclusion criteria (e.g. 1) not an animal study; 2) not a myocardial infarction model, etc.) and record the highest ranking applicable criterion as the reason for exclusion. Please sort the exclusion criteria defined in questions 19 to 24. If applicable, do so for each screening phase.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example</b>:<br>Title-abstract screening: <br>1. Not an original full research paper (e.g. review, editorial) <br>2. Not an in vivo animal study <br>3. No metastases/ only primary tumor <br>4. No control group <br>5. Combination therapy or contamination <br>6. Not about analgesics used in the clinic<br><br>Full text-screening: <br>As above, with the addition of:<br>7. No relevant outcome measure reported</span>">Prioritise the exclusion criteria</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_extraction" data-help="Describe methods for data extraction, including the number of reviewers performing data extraction, extraction of data from text and/or graphs, whether and how authors of eligible studies will be contacted to provide missing or additional data, etc.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Two reviewers will independently extract data from each article. We first try to extract numerical data from tables, text or figures. If these are not reported, we will extract data from graphs using digital ruler software. In case data are not reported or unclear, we will attempt to contact authors by e-mail (max. 2 attempts). In case an outcome is measured at multiple time points, data from the time point where efficacy is highest will be included.</span>">Methods for data extraction</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_study_design" data-help="Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the study design, e.g. controlled versus cross-over, number of experimental groups, etc.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Experimental groups, control group(s) and number of animals per group.</span>">Data to be extracted: study design</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_animal_model" data-help="Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the animal model, e.g. species, sex of the animals, etc.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Species, sex, weight, age, co‐morbidity, anaesthetic agent used, method of induction of cardiac ischemia, duration of ischemia and duration of reperfusion (if applicable).</span>">Data to be extracted: animal model</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_study_intervention" data-help="Specify the data to be extracted related to characteristics of the intervention of interest, e.g. dose, timing, etc.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Dose, timing of administration, frequency of administration, route of administration, vehicle.</span>">Data to be extracted: intervention of interest</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_study_primary" data-help="Define the primary outcome measure(s). For each outcome measure, specify in which format data will be extracted, including the eligible units of measurement, and data type (continuous/dichotomous). A description of any other manipulation or transformation of the extracted data that is planned may be included.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Serum creatinine; continuous; umol/L (may be recalculated from mg/dL).</span>">Data to be extracted: primary outcome(s)</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_study_secondary" data-help="Define the secondary outcome measure(s). For each outcome measure, specify in which format data will be extracted, including the eligible units of measurement, and data type (continuous/dichotomous). A description of any other manipulation or transformation of the extracted data that is planned may be included.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Blood urea nitrogen; continuous; mmol/L (may be recalculated from mg/dL); Renal histological damage as assessed by Jablonski scale; continuous; Jablonski score.</span>">Data to be extracted: secondary outcome(s)</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="da_other" data-help="Specify any other data or study characteristics to be extracted, e.g. bibliographical details, such as author, year and language.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> 1st author, year of publication, language, journal.</span>">Data to be extracted: other</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="syrcle_rob"><a class="mandatory" href="#question27">27. * Risk of bias and/or quality assessment.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question28">28. * Strategy for data synthesis.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="syn_approach" data-help="For each outcome measure, specify whether a quantitative or narrative synthesis is planned and how this decision will be made.<span class='showHelpextra'><a href='http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/418.full' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>An introduction</a> as well as a <a href='http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/files/Vesterinen2014_JNeurosciMethods.pdf' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>practical guide</a> to meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies are available.<br><br><b>Example:</b> A meta‐analysis will be performed for all outcome measures reported in 10 or more articles. For subgroup analysis a minimum of 8 studies per subgroup is required. If meta‐analysis is not possible, data will be reported through a descriptive summary.</span>">Planned approach</div> <div data-qtype="na" data-subid="syn_meta_analysis" data-help="<b>If a meta-analysis is planned</b>, please specify the following:"></div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="syn_measure" data-help="For each outcome measure, specify the effect measure to be used (e.g. mean difference, odds ratio etc.).<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> number of metastases: standardized mean difference; incidence of metastasis: risk ratio.</span>">Effect measure</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="syn_model" data-help="For each outcome measure, specify the statistical model of analysis (e.g. random-effects or fixed-effect model).<span class='showHelpextra'>The random-effects model is the typical model of choice for pre-clinical meta-analyses. This is because in the fixed-effect model, it is assumed that the differences in <i>observed</i> effect between studies is solely due to sampling error (i.e. differences in sample size), and that the <i>true</i> effect is the same (fixed) across all studies. However, this assumption is unlikely to hold true for data from animal studies, which generally include various species, strains and treatment regimes, for which different true effects are likely to exist. The random-effects model takes into account both the within-study (sampling error) and between-study (differences in the true effect size) variance. Should the excessive between-study variance be very low or zero, the random-effects model will yield the same results as the fixed-effect model. For further details, see the <a href='http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/418.full' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>introduction</a> and <a href='http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/files/Vesterinen2014_JNeurosciMethods.pdf' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>practical guide</a> to pre-clinical meta-analysis.<br><br><b>Example:</b> Because of the exploratory nature of animal studies, a random effects model will be used to account for anticipated heterogeneity.</span>">Effect models</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="syn_heterogeneity" data-help="Specify the statistical methods to assess heterogeneity (e.g. I², Q). For further guidance please refer to the <a href='http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/418.full' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>introduction</a> and <a href='http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/files/Vesterinen2014_JNeurosciMethods.pdf' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>practical guide</a> to pre-clinical meta-analysis.<span class='showHelpextra'><b>Example:</b> Heterogeneity will be assessed using the (residual) I2 and adjusted R2 statistics.</span>">Heterogeneity</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="syn_other" data-help="Specify other details of the meta-analysis methodology (e.g. correction for multiple testing, correction for multiple use of control group).<span class='showHelpextra'>For further guidance please refer to the <a href='http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/418.full' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>introduction</a> and <a href='http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/files/Vesterinen2014_JNeurosciMethods.pdf' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>practical guide</a> to pre-clinical meta-analysis.<br><br><b>Example:</b> Whenever a control group serves more than one experimental group, we will correct the total number of control animals in the meta-analysis by dividing the number of animals in the control group by the number of treatment groups served. Where applicable, Holm-Bonferroni correction for testing multiple subgroup analyses will be performed. If one or more subgroup analyses cannot be performed due to insufficient data, the p-value will be adjusted accordingly.</span>">Other</div> </div> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question29">29. * Analysis of subgroups or subsets.</a> <div class="subhead"> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="sg_groups" data-help="Give any planned exploration of subgroups or subsets within the review. ‘None planned’ is a valid response if no subgroup analyses are planned.<span class='showHelpextra'>Subgroup analysis or meta-regression are used to explore between-study heterogeneity and can provide insight into the relationship between study characteristics (e.g. species, sex or drug class or dose) and effect size. They should be considered hypothesis-generating. Ideally, a threshold describing the number of studies per subgroup required for analysis should be specified. For further guidance please refer to the <a href='http://ilarjournal.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/418.full' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>introduction</a> and <a href='http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/files/Vesterinen2014_JNeurosciMethods.pdf' target='_blank' tabindex='-1'>practical guide</a> to pre-clinical meta-analysis.<br><br><b>Example:</b> The following study characteristics will be examined as potential source of heterogeneity: species (stratified per species); sex (stratified per sex); duration of index ischemia (linear); stem cell dose (linear); blinding of outcome assessment reported (stratified yes vs no). For stratified analyses, a minimum number of 8 studies per subgroup is required.</span>">Subgroup analyses</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="sg_sensitivity" data-help="For each outcome measure, specify any sensitivity analyses you propose to perform.<span class='showHelpextra'>A sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess the impact of decisions taken in the review process on the meta-analysis outcome. These decisions may have been made in various stages of the review, e.g. the decision to exclude certain disease models, the decision to pool certain units of measurement for an outcome, the choice of effect measure, how subgroup variables are stratified etc. In order to assess the robustness of the findings of the meta-analysis, the analyses are re-run using the alternative options for each decision. If the results of both meta-analyses are similar, the results seem robust. When the conclusions of a meta-analysis significantly change, this should be discussed.<br><br><b>Example:</b> To test the robustness of our findings when selecting the time point of greatest efficacy we will re-run the analysis with data from the latest possible time point (in studies reporting an outcome at multiple time points). We will test the robustness of linear regression of time-to-treatment by performing stratified analysis (treatment pre-ischemia vs during vs post-ischemia). We will assess the effect of our decision to pool all reported scales for histological damage by re-running the analyses using only data from studies using the Jablonski scale.</span>">Sensitivity</div> <div data-qtype="text_5" data-subid="sg_pub_bias" data-help="Specify whether an assessment of publication bias is planned. If applicable, specify the method for assessment of publication bias.<span class='showHelpextra'><br><b>Example: </b> For meta-analyses using the mean difference or risk ration as effect measure and containing at least 20 studies, we will produce funnel plots and assess publication bias using Egger’s regression test.</span>">Publication bias</div> </div> </li>  <li data-qtype="methods"><a class="mandatory" href="#question30">30. * Review type.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="language"><a href="#question31">31. Language.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="country" class="summary mandatory"><a href="#question32">32. * Country.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a href="#question33">33. Other registration details.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="url_published"><a href="#question34">34. Reference and/or URL for published protocol.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="dissemination"><a class="mandatory" href="#question35">35. Dissemination plans.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a class="mandatory" href="#question36">36. * Keywords.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_8"><a href="#question37">37. Details of any existing review of the same topic by the same authors.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="status"><a class="mandatory" href="#question38">38. * Current review status.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="text_5"><a href="#question39">39. Any additional information.</a> </li> <li data-qtype="final"><a href="#question40">40. 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<option value="Finland">Finland</option> <option value="France">France</option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon</option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia</option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana</option> <option value="Greece">Greece</option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada</option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea</option> <option value="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana</option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti</option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras</option> <option value="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary</option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland</option> <option value="India">India</option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="Iran">Iran</option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq</option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland</option> <option value="Israel">Israel</option> <option value="Italy">Italy</option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option> <option value="Japan">Japan</option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan</option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya</option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option> <option value="Kosovo">Kosovo</option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option> <option value="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</option> <option value="Laos">Laos</option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia</option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option> <option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option> <option value="Liberia">Liberia</option> <option value="Libya">Libya</option> <option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option> <option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option> <option value="Macedonia (FYROM)">Macedonia (FYROM)</option> <option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option> <option value="Malawi">Malawi</option> <option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option> <option value="Maldives">Maldives</option> <option value="Mali">Mali</option> <option value="Malta">Malta</option> <option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option> <option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option> <option value="Mexico">Mexico</option> <option value="Micronesia">Micronesia</option> <option value="Moldova">Moldova</option> <option value="Monaco">Monaco</option> <option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option> <option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option> <option value="Morocco">Morocco</option> <option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option> <option value="Myanmar (Burma)">Myanmar (Burma)</option> <option value="Namibia">Namibia</option> <option value="Nauru">Nauru</option> <option value="Nepal">Nepal</option> <option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option> <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option> <option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option> <option value="Niger">Niger</option> <option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option> <option value="North Korea">North Korea</option> <option value="Norway">Norway</option> <option value="Oman">Oman</option> <option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option> <option value="Palau">Palau</option> <option value="Palestine">Palestine</option> <option value="Panama">Panama</option> <option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option> <option value="Peru">Peru</option> <option value="Philippines">Philippines</option> <option value="Poland">Poland</option> <option value="Portugal">Portugal</option> <option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="Qatar">Qatar</option> <option value="Romania">Romania</option> <option value="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</option> <option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option> <option value="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</option> <option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</option> <option value="Samoa">Samoa</option> <option value="San Marino">San Marino</option> <option value="Sao Tome and Principe">Sao Tome and Principe</option> <option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="Senegal">Senegal</option> <option value="Serbia">Serbia</option> <option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option> <option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="Singapore">Singapore</option> <option value="Slovakia">Slovakia</option> <option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option> <option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="Somalia">Somalia</option> <option value="South Africa">South Africa</option> <option value="South Korea">South Korea</option> <option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option> <option value="Spain">Spain</option> <option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="Sudan">Sudan</option> <option value="Suriname">Suriname</option> <option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option> <option value="Sweden">Sweden</option> <option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option> <option value="Syria">Syria</option> <option value="Taiwan">Taiwan</option> <option value="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</option> <option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option> <option value="Thailand">Thailand</option> <option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="Togo">Togo</option> <option value="Tonga">Tonga</option> <option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option> <option value="Türkiye">Türkiye</option> <option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option> <option value="Uganda">Uganda</option> <option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option> <option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="United States of America">United States of America</option> <option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option> <option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option> <option value="Vatican City (Holy See)">Vatican City (Holy See)</option> <option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option> <option value="Vietnam">Vietnam</option> <option value="Yemen">Yemen</option> <option value="Zambia">Zambia</option> <option value="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</option> </select> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td height="10"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" id="report_table"> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Your user category </strong>(select all that apply)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><label for="academic"> <input type="checkbox" id="academic" name="academic" value="checked" tabindex="21"> Academic</label> <br> <label for="academic_clinician"> <input type="checkbox" id="academic_clinician" name="academic_clinician" value="checked" tabindex="22"> Academic clinician</label> <br> <label for="administrative_assistant"> <input type="checkbox" id="administrative_assistant" name="administrative_assistant" value="checked" tabindex="23"> Administrative assistant</label> <br> <label for="healthcare_practitioner"> <input type="checkbox" id="healthcare_practitioner" name="healthcare_practitioner" value="checked" tabindex="24"> Healthcare practitioner</label> <br> <label for="commissioner_funder"> <input type="checkbox" id="commissioner_funder" name="commissioner_funder" value="checked" tabindex="25"> Commissioner/funder of reviews</label> <br> <label for="health_economist"> <input type="checkbox" id="health_economist" name="health_economist" value="checked" tabindex="26"> Health Economist</label> <br> <label for="information_specialist"> <input type="checkbox" id="information_specialist" name="information_specialist" value="checked" tabindex="27"> Information specialist</label> <br> <label for="researcher_systematic_reviewer"> <input type="checkbox" id="researcher_systematic_reviewer" name="researcher_systematic_reviewer" value="checked" tabindex="28"> Researcher/systematic reviewer</label> <br> <label for="statistician"> <input type="checkbox" id="statistician" name="statistician" value="checked" tabindex="29"> Statistician</label> <p> <label for="category_other">Other<br> </label> <textarea name="category_other" id="category_other" cols="80" rows="3" tabindex="30"></textarea> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Your review method of interest </strong>(select all that apply)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><label for="effects_of_health"> <input type="checkbox" id="effects_of_health" name="effects_of_health" value="checked" tabindex="31"> Effects of health and social care interventions (including rehabilitation and prevention)</label> <br> <label for="adverse_effects"> <input type="checkbox" id="adverse_effects" name="adverse_effects" value="checked" tabindex="32"> Adverse effects</label> <br> <label for="diagnosis"> <input type="checkbox" id="diagnosis" name="diagnosis" value="checked" tabindex="33"> Diagnosis</label> <br> <label for="economic_evaluation"> <input type="checkbox" id="economic_evaluation" name="economic_evaluation" value="checked" tabindex="34"> Economic evaluation</label> <br> <label for="genetics"> <input type="checkbox" id="genetics" name="genetics" value="checked" tabindex="35"> Genetics</label> <br> <label for="individual_participant_data"> <input type="checkbox" id="individual_participant_data" name="individual_participant_data" value="checked" tabindex="36"> Individual participant data</label> <br> <label for="prognosis"> <input type="checkbox" id="prognosis" name="prognosis" value="checked" tabindex="37"> Prognosis</label> <br> <label for="prospective_meta_analysis"> <input type="checkbox" id="prospective_meta_analysis" name="prospective_meta_analysis" value="checked" tabindex="38"> Prospective meta-analysis</label> <br> <label for="qualitative_research"> <input type="checkbox" id="qualitative_research" name="qualitative_research" value="checked" tabindex="39"> Qualitative research</label> <br> <label for="reporting_of_reviews"> <input type="checkbox" id="reporting_of_reviews" name="reporting_of_reviews" value="checked" tabindex="40"> Reporting of reviews</label> <br> <label for="review_methodology"> <input type="checkbox" id="review_methodology" name="review_methodology" value="checked" tabindex="41"> Review methodology</label> <br> <label for="reviews_of_reviews"> <input type="checkbox" id="reviews_of_reviews" name="reviews_of_reviews" value="checked" tabindex="42"> Reviews of reviews</label> <br> <label for="risk_factors"> <input type="checkbox" id="risk_factors" name="risk_factors" value="checked" tabindex="43"> Risk factors</label> <br> <label for="scoping_reviews"> <input type="checkbox" id="scoping_reviews" name="scoping_reviews" value="checked" tabindex="44"> Scoping reviews</label> <br> <label for="screening"> <input type="checkbox" id="screening" name="screening" value="checked" tabindex="45"> Screening</label> <br> <label for="single_technology_appraisals"> <input type="checkbox" id="single_technology_appraisals" name="single_technology_appraisals" value="checked" tabindex="46"> Single technology appraisals</label> <br> <label for="study_level_data"> <input type="checkbox" id="study_level_data" name="study_level_data" value="checked" tabindex="47"> Study level data</label> <p> <label for="review_method_other">Other<br> </label> <textarea name="review_method_other" id="review_method_other" cols="80" rows="3" tabindex="48"></textarea> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Your health area(s) of interest </strong>(select all that apply)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><label for="alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse"> <input type="checkbox" id="alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse" name="alcohol_substance_misuse_abuse" value="checked" tabindex="49"> Alcohol/substance misuse/abuse</label> <br> <label for="blood_and_immune_system"> <input type="checkbox" id="blood_and_immune_system" name="blood_and_immune_system" value="checked" tabindex="50"> Blood and immune system</label> <br> <label for="cancer"> <input type="checkbox" id="cancer" name="cancer" value="checked" tabindex="51"> Cancer</label> <br> <label for="cardiovascular"> <input type="checkbox" id="cardiovascular" name="cardiovascular" value="checked" tabindex="52"> Cardiovascular</label> <br> <label for="care_of_the_elderly"> <input type="checkbox" id="care_of_the_elderly" name="care_of_the_elderly" value="checked" tabindex="53"> Care of the elderly</label> <br> <label for="child_health"> <input type="checkbox" id="child_health" name="child_health" value="checked" tabindex="54"> Child health</label> <br> <label for="complementary_therapies"> <input type="checkbox" id="complementary_therapies" name="complementary_therapies" value="checked" tabindex="55"> Complementary therapies</label> <br> <label for="crime_and_justice,"> <input type="checkbox" id="crime_and_justice" name="crime_and_justice" value="checked" tabindex="56"> Crime and justice</label> <br> <label for="dental"> <input type="checkbox" id="dental" name="dental" value="checked" tabindex="57"> Dental</label> <br> <label for="digestive_system"> <input type="checkbox" id="digestive_system" name="digestive_system" value="checked" tabindex="58"> Digestive system</label> <br> <label for="ear_nose_and_throat"> <input type="checkbox" id="ear_nose_and_throat" name="ear_nose_and_throat" value="checked" tabindex="59"> Ear, nose and throat</label> <br> <label for="education"> <input type="checkbox" id="education" name="education" value="checked" tabindex="60"> Education</label> <br> <label for="endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders"> <input type="checkbox" id="endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders" name="endocrine_and_metabolic_disorders" value="checked" tabindex="61"> Endocrine and metabolic disorders</label> <br> <label for="eye_disorders"> <input type="checkbox" id="eye_disorders" name="eye_disorders" value="checked" tabindex="62"> Eye disorders</label> <br> <label for="genetics2"> <input type="checkbox" id="genetics2" name="genetics" value="checked" tabindex="63"> Genetics</label> <br> <label for="health_inequalities_health_equity"> <input type="checkbox" id="health_inequalities_health_equity" name="health_inequalities_health_equity" value="checked" tabindex="64"> Health inequalities/health equity</label> <br> <label for="infections_and_infestations"> <input type="checkbox" id="infections_and_infestations" name="infections_and_infestations" value="checked" tabindex="65"> Infections and infestations</label> <br> <label for="international_development"> <input type="checkbox" id="international_development" name="international_development" value="checked" tabindex="66"> International development</label> <br> <label for="mental_health_and_behavioural_conditions"> <input type="checkbox" id="mental_health_and_behavioural_conditions" name="mental_health_and_behavioural_conditions" value="checked" tabindex="67"> Mental health and behavioural conditions</label> <br> <label for="musculoskeletal"> <input type="checkbox" id="musculoskeletal" name="musculoskeletal" value="checked" tabindex="68"> Musculoskeletal</label> <br> <label for="neurological"> <input type="checkbox" id="neurological" name="neurological" value="checked" tabindex="69"> Neurological</label> <br> <label for="nursing"> <input type="checkbox" id="nursing" name="nursing" value="checked" tabindex="70"> Nursing</label> <br> <label for="obstetrics_and_gynaecology"> <input type="checkbox" id="obstetrics_and_gynaecology" name="obstetrics_and_gynaecology" value="checked" tabindex="71"> Obstetrics and gynaecology</label> <br> <label for="oral_health"> <input type="checkbox" id="oral_health" name="oral_health" value="checked" tabindex="72"> Oral health</label> <br> <label for="palliative_care"> <input type="checkbox" id="palliative_care" name="palliative_care" value="checked" tabindex="73"> Palliative care</label> <br> <label for="perioperative_care"> <input type="checkbox" id="perioperative_care" name="perioperative_care" value="checked" tabindex="74"> Perioperative care</label> <br> <label for="physiotherapy"> <input type="checkbox" id="physiotherapy" name="physiotherapy" value="checked" tabindex="75"> Physiotherapy</label> <br> <label for="pregnancy_and_childbirth"> <input type="checkbox" id="pregnancy_and_childbirth" name="pregnancy_and_childbirth" value="checked" tabindex="76"> Pregnancy and childbirth</label> <br> <label for="public_health"> <input type="checkbox" id="public_health" name="public_health" value="checked" tabindex="77"> Public health (including social determinants of health)</label> <br> <label for="rehabilitation"> <input type="checkbox" id="rehabilitation" name="rehabilitation" value="checked" tabindex="78"> Rehabilitation</label> <br> <label for="respiratory_disorders"> <input type="checkbox" id="respiratory_disorders" name="respiratory_disorders" value="checked" tabindex="79"> Respiratory disorders</label> <br> <label for="service_delivery"> <input type="checkbox" id="service_delivery" name="service_delivery" value="checked" tabindex="80"> Service delivery</label> <br> <label for="social_care"> <input type="checkbox" id="social_care" name="social_care" value="checked" tabindex="81"> Social care</label> <br> <label for="skin_disorders"> <input type="checkbox" id="skin_disorders" name="skin_disorders" value="checked" tabindex="82"> Skin disorders</label> <br> <label for="tropical_medicine"> <input type="checkbox" id="tropical_medicine" name="tropical_medicine" value="checked" tabindex="83"> Tropical medicine</label> <br> <label for="urological"> <input type="checkbox" id="urological" name="urological" value="checked" tabindex="84"> Urological</label> <br> <label for="wounds_injuries_and_accidents"> <input type="checkbox" id="wounds_injuries_and_accidents" name="wounds_injuries_and_accidents" value="checked" tabindex="85"> Wounds, injuries and accidents</label> <br> <label for="violence_and_abuse"> <input type="checkbox" id="violence_and_abuse" name="violence_and_abuse" value="checked" tabindex="86"> Violence and abuse</label> <br> <label for="no_specific_area"> <input type="checkbox" id="no_specific_area" name="no_specific_area" value="checked" tabindex="87"> General interest only</label> <p> <label for="health_area_other">Other<br> </label> <textarea name="health_area_other" id="health_area_other" cols="80" rows="3" tabindex="88"></textarea> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><input name="input" type="submit" class="btn" id="submitjoin" value="Save details" tabindex="89" accesskey="r" data-inline="true"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="floatleft"> <p><a href="#contactuspage">Contact us</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/#tab-1" target="legal">Disclaimer</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/accessibility/" target="legal">Accessibility</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.york.ac.uk/about/legal-statements/cookies/" 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reviews</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="navigation"> <ul class="nav">  <li class="menuitem"><a href="./" tabindex="-1">Home</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAbout('about');" tabindex="-1">About PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"><a onclick="showAboutReg('help');" tabindex="-1">How to register</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li id="tab4" class="menuitem"><a href="#" onclick="GoToPage('serviceinfopage')" id="link4" tabindex="-1">Service information</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav" style="float:right"> <li class="menuitem"><a href="#searchadvanced" tabindex="-1">Search</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem link5" ><a href="#myprospero" tabindex="-1">My PROSPERO</a><span style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span></li> <li class="menuitem"> <a href="#loginpage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Log in</a> <span class="link8" style="color: #9CAFA0;">|</span> <a href="#joinuppage" class="link8" tabindex="-1">Join</a> <a onclick="userid=0; deleteCookie('UserID', 0, 1); " href="logout.php" class="link7" tabindex="-1">Logout: <b> </b></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <div data-role="content"> <div class="container"> <h1>Service information page </h1> <p>PROSPERO is currently prioritising registration of COVID-19 protocols and continues to receive a vast and increasing number of registrations. To allow the PROSPERO team to focus on COVID-19 and to avoid further delay, <strong>during the pandemic </strong><strong>all submissions that have been waiting for registration for more than 30 days and which pass a basic automated check will be published automatically</strong>. The PROSPERO team will not check these submissions; this will be stated clearly on the published record. Records will be published exactly as submitted; therefore extra care should be taken to ensure that submitted information is accurate. Submissions which do not pass the basic automated check will be automatically rejected.</p> <p><b>Due to technical issues, you will not receive an email notification if your record is automatically published. Please check your account after 30 days to confirm registration</b></p> <p>For records that are within 30 days of submission, registrations from the UK will continue to be prioritised because PROSPERO is funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). </p> <p><strong>We are receiving a huge volume of emails enquiring about progress. Answering these takes time away from processing records, so we ask that you only email should it be absolutely necessary. If your enquiry is related to a review on COVID-19 registration please add #COVID-19 to your subject line. For other reviews please allow at least 34 days from submission before enquiring about progress. We thank you for your understanding in advance. </strong></p> <p><strong>Previous changes</strong><br> With effect From 1st October 2019, PROSPERO only accepts reviews provided that data extraction has not yet started.<br> This is intended to reduce potential for bias by reducing the opportunity for (conscious or subconscious) selection or manipulation of data during extraction to shape a review so that it reaches a desired conclusion. PROSPERO will continue to accept registrations if formal screening of search results against the review’s eligibility criteria is complete, because we understand that the steps of a review up to that point do not always follow a strictly sequential manner. We also recognise that registration before then may be challenging for reviews being done to a short timeline or strict deadline. Records are now date stamped to show initial submission date and date of receipt of revised records (for those returned to authors for amendment), as well as registration date.</p> <p>Authors should have written a full protocol before they register and provide full and specific details on their methods in the PROSPERO registration record. Generic ‘cut and paste’ statements should not be used.</p> <p><strong><span style="color: red">STUDENTS</span> doing mini-reviews or other training exercises should NOT register </strong></p> <p>PROSPERO has limited resource and is unable to process student work done as part of their training these (handling them takes time away from full projects intended for publication). Students may use the system to create and store a record by saving but please do not submit. Substantial reviews done for dissertations or theses may be registered but will require email confirmation by supervisors.</p> <p>PROSPERO has temporarily suspended the automatic uploading of Cochrane protocols because of technical issues. 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This will be displayed with the English language title.</div> <div class="short_help_Q3">Give the date the systematic review started or is expected to start.</div> <div class="short_help_Q4">Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed. </div> <div class="short_help_Q5"> <p><strong>This field uses answers to initial screening questions. It cannot be edited until after registration.</strong></p> <p>Tick the boxes to show which review tasks have been started and which have been completed.</p> <p>Update this field each time any amendments are made to a published record.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div class="short_help_Q6">The named contact is the guarantor for the accuracy of the information in the register record. 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Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. <br> <strong>NOTE: email and country now MUST be entered for each person, unless you are amending a published record.</strong> <br> <strong>PLEASE USE AN INSTITUTIONAL EMAIL ADDRESS IF POSSIBLE.</strong> </div> <div class="short_help_Q12">Details of the individuals, organizations, groups, companies or other legal entities who have funded or sponsored the review.</div> <div class="short_help_Q13">List actual or perceived conflicts of interest (financial or academic). </div> <div class="short_help_Q14">Give the name and affiliation of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who are not listed as review team members. <strong>NOTE: email and country must be completed for each person, unless you are amending a published record.</strong> </div> <div class="short_help_Q15">State the review question(s) clearly and precisely. It may be appropriate to break very broad questions down into a series of related more specific questions. Questions may be framed or refined using PI(E)COS or similar where relevant.</div> <div class="short_help_Q16">State the sources that will be searched (e.g. Medline). Give the search dates, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication date). Do NOT enter the full search strategy (it may be provided as a link or attachment below.)</div> <div class="short_help_Q17">Upload a file with your search strategy, or an example of a search strategy for a specific database, (including the keywords) in pdf or word format. In doing so you are consenting to the file being made publicly accessible.<br> <br> Or provide a URL or link to the strategy. Do NOT provide links to your search <strong>results</strong>.</div> <div class="short_help_Q18">Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being studied in your systematic review. </div> <div class="short_help_Q19">Specify the participants or populations being studied in the review. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </div> <div class="short_help_Q20">Give full and clear descriptions or definitions of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </div> <div class="short_help_Q21">Where relevant, give details of the alternatives against which the intervention/exposure will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </div> <div class="short_help_Q22">Give details of the study designs (e.g. RCT) that are eligible for inclusion in the review. The preferred format includes both inclusion and exclusion criteria. If there are no restrictions on the types of study, this should be stated. </div> <div class="short_help_Q23">Give summary details of the setting or other relevant characteristics, which help define the inclusion or exclusion criteria. </div> <div class="short_help_Q24">Give the pre-specified main (most important) outcomes of the review, including details of how the outcome is defined and measured and when these measurement are made, if these are part of the review inclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q25">List the pre-specified additional outcomes of the review, with a similar level of detail to that required for main outcomes. Where there are no additional outcomes please state ‘None’ or ‘Not applicable’ as appropriate to the review</div> <div class="short_help_Q26">Describe how studies will be selected for inclusion. State what data will be extracted or obtained. State how this will be done and recorded.</div> <div class="short_help_Q27">State which characteristics of the studies will be assessed and/or any formal risk of bias/quality assessment tools that will be used. </div> <div class="short_help_Q28">Describe the methods you plan to use to synthesise data. This <strong>must not be generic text</strong> but should be <strong>specific to your review</strong> and describe how the proposed approach will be applied to your data. <br> If meta-analysis is planned, describe the models to be used, methods to explore statistical heterogeneity, and software package to be used. </div> <div class="short_help_Q29">State any planned investigation of ‘subgroups’. Be clear and specific about which type of study or participant will be included in each group or covariate investigated. State the planned analytic approach. </div> <div class="short_help_Q30">Select the type of review, review method and health area from the lists below. </div> <div class="short_help_Q31">Select each language individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon <span class="flaticon flaticon-delete"></span> to remove any added in error.</div> <div class="short_help_Q32">Select the country in which the review is being carried out. For multi-national collaborations select all the countries involved. </div> <div class="short_help_Q33">Name any other organisation where the systematic review title or protocol is registered (e.g. Campbell, or The Joanna Briggs Institute) together with any unique identification number assigned by them. <br> If extracted data will be stored and made available through a repository such as the Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR), details and a link should be included here. If none, leave blank. </div> <div class="short_help_Q34">If the protocol for this review is published provide details (authors, title and journal details, preferably in Vancouver format) </div> <div class="short_help_Q35">Do you intend to publish the review on completion? <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short_help_Q36">Give words or phrases that best describe the review. Separate keywords with a semicolon or new line. Keywords help PROSPERO users find your review (keywords do not appear in the public record but are included in searches). Be as specific and precise as possible. Avoid acronyms and abbreviations unless these are in wide use. </div> <div class="short_help_Q37">If you are registering an update of an existing review give details of the earlier versions and include a full bibliographic reference, if available.</div> <div class="short_help_Q38">Update review status when the review is completed and when it is published.<br>New registrations must be ongoing so this field is not editable for initial submission. </div> <div class="short_help_Q39">Provide any other information relevant to the registration of this review.</div> <div class="short_help_Q40">Leave empty until publication details are available OR you have a link to a preprint (NOTE: this field is not editable for initial submission). <br> List authors, title and journal details preferably in Vancouver format. </div>  <div class="help_Q1"> <p>Give the working title of the review, for example the one used for obtaining funding. Ideally the title should state succinctly the interventions or exposures being reviewed and the associated health or social problems. Where appropriate, the title should use the PI(E)COS structure to contain information on the Participants, Intervention (or Exposure) and Comparison groups, the Outcomes to be measured and Study designs to be included. </p> <p>Acronyms may be included in titles, but should not be used alone without expansion unless they are regarded as more usual than the expansion (e.g. HIV).</p> <p>The title in this field must be in English. If the original title is in a different language the English version must be entered here, with the non-English version entered into the field labelled “Original Language Title”.</p> <p>If the final title of the review differs, this can be displayed in the Publication of Final Report Field. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Systematic review and meta-analysis of recurrence and survival following pre- versus post-operative radiation in localized, resectable soft-tissue sarcoma.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q2"> <p>For reviews in languages other than English, this field should be used to enter the title in the language of the review. This will be displayed together with the English language title.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis de la recurrencia y la supervivencia tras la fase de radiación en comparación con post-operatorio en el sarcoma localizados resecables de tejido blando.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q3"> <p>Give the date when the systematic review commenced, or is expected to commence.</p> <p>For the purposes of PROSPERO, the date of commencement for the systematic review can be defined as any point after completion of a protocol but before formal screening of the identified studies against the eligibility criteria begins. </p> <p>A protocol can be deemed complete when it is approved by a funder or the person commissioning the review; when peer review is complete; when the protocol is published or when the authors decide that it is complete and they do not anticipate any major revisions to the design of the systematic review.</p> <p>This field may be edited at any time. All edits to published records will appear in the record audit trail. A brief explanation of the reason for changes should be given in the Revision Notes facility.</p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>01 June 2011</p> </div> <div class="help_Q4"> <p>Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed. In the absence of an agreed contractual date, a realistic anticipated date for completion should be set. It can be modified should the schedule change. When this date is reached, the named contact will receive an automated email to ask them to provide an update on  progress.</p> <p>This field may be edited at any time. All edits will appear in the record audit trail. A brief explanation of the reason for changes should be given in the Revision Notes facility. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>01 June 2011</p> </div> <div class="help_Q5"> <p>Indicate the stage of progress of the review by ticking the relevant Started and Completed boxes. Additional information may be added in the free text box provided.</p> <p>Please note: Reviews that have progressed beyond the point of completing data extraction at the time of initial registration are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. Should evidence of incorrect status and/or completion date being supplied at the time of submission come to light, the content of the PROSPERO record will be removed leaving only the title and named contact details and a statement that inaccuracies in the stage of the review date had been identified.</p> <p>This field should be updated when any amendments are made to a published record and on completion and publication of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Preliminary searches ticked as completed, pilot of the study selection process ticked as started.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q6"> <p>The named contact acts as the guarantor for the accuracy of the information presented in the register record. This should be the lead reviewer or a representative of the review team. This person is also responsible for submitting details of any amendments while the review is ongoing and publication details after the review is completed. The named contact is the person to whom users of PROSPERO would send questions or comments.</p> <p>This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s signing in details. The named contact’s name will be displayed in the public record. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Dr Joseph Bloggs<br> N.B. To change the named contact for a published record, send details of the existing and new contact to <a href="mailto:crd-register@york.ac.uk" tabindex="-1">crd-register@york.ac.uk</a> </p> </div> <div class="help_Q7"> <p>Give the electronic mail address of the named contact. This may be a generic email address to which the named contact has access.</p> <p>This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s joining details, but can be changed if required. The email address supplied here will be displayed in the public record. </p> <p><strong>Examples: </strong><a href="mailto:joseph.bloggs@city.ac.uk">joseph.bloggs@city.ac.uk</a> or <a href="mailto:research.secretary@city.ac.uk">research.secretary@city.ac.uk</a> </p> </div> <div class="help_Q8"> <p>Give the full postal address for the named contact. (N.B. This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s joining details.)</p> <p>This address will be displayed in the public record. If you do not wish it to appear in the public record delete the content of this field. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Alcuin B Block,University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK</p> </div> <div class="help_Q9"> <p>Give the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code. <br> (N.B. This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s joining details.)</p> <p>This number will be displayed in the public record. If you do not wish it to appear in the public record delete the content of this field. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>+44 (0)10904 321040</p> </div> <div class="help_Q10"> <p>Full title of the organisational affiliations for this review and website address if available. This field may be completed as ‘None’ if the review is not affiliated to any organisation. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Andalusian Agency for Health Technology Assessment (AETSA)</p> </div> <div class="help_Q11"> <p>Give the personal details and the organisational affiliations of each member of the review team. Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. <b>NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person.</b>. Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong.</p> <p>Review team members will be listed ‘manuscript’ style in the order entered in this list. The named contact will be automatically added to this field, but can be deleted if not a member of the review team. To place the named contact somewhere other than first in order, delete the automatic entry and enter members’ details in the required order.</p> <p>Membership of the review team and details of affiliations can be updated at any time. <br> All edits will appear in the record audit trail. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Mr Joseph Bloggs, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. Dr Jane Smith, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK. Prof. Steven Jones, Centre for Health Statistics, Medical Research Centre, Canada.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q12"> <p>Give details of the individuals, organizations, groups or other legal entities who take responsibility for initiating, managing, sponsoring and/or financing the review. Include any unique identification numbers assigned to the review by the individuals or bodies listed. </p> <p><strong>Examples: </strong>NIHR HTA Programme (Project ref 09/13/02). The Terry Fox New Frontiers Program in Cancer (Ref 201006TFL). Funding provided by Amgen, Merck, Roche, and Sanofi-aventis.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q13"> <p>List any conditions that could lead to actual or perceived undue influence on judgements concerning the main topic investigated in the review. The conflicts of interest listed should cover the review team as a whole, as well as individuals in the team.</p> <p>Conflicts of interest arise when a team member or the team as a whole (e.g. because of the team’s institution) has financial or personal relationships that may inappropriately influence (bias) their actions (such relationships are also known as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties).These relationships vary from being negligible to having great potential for influencing judgement. Not all relationships represent true conflict of interest.</p> <p>On the other hand, the potential for conflict of interest can exist regardless of whether a person believes that the relationship affects his or her scientific judgement. Financial relationships (such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony) are the most easily identifiable conflicts of interest and the most likely to undermine the credibility of the review. </p> <p>However, conflicts can occur for other reasons, such as personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion. For the purposes of disclosure, the term “competing interest” should be considered synonymous with conflict of interest.<sup>1</sup> </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> The lead reviewer (JB) has given talks on this topic at workshops, seminars, and conferences for which travel and accommodation has been paid for by the organisers. The other authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q14"> <p>Give the name and affiliation of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who are not listed as review team members. <b>NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person.</b></p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Dr Eric Porter, Oncologist, University Hospital, Brighton, UK. Clinical advisor.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q15"> <p>State the question(s) to be addressed by the review, clearly and precisely. Review questions may be specific or broad. It may be appropriate to break very broad questions down into a series of related more specific questions. Questions may be framed or refined using PI(E)COS where relevant.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> How does pre-operative chemotherapy impact on survival of early stage non-small cell lung cancer compared to surgery alone?</p> </div> <div class="help_Q16"> <p>State the sources that will be searched. Give the search dates, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication period). Do NOT enter the full search strategy (it may be provided as a link or attachment.)</p> <p>The search strategy reported in systematic review protocols should:</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Name all sources that will be used to identify studies for the systematic review.</li> </ul> <p>Sources include (but are not limited to) bibliographic databases, reference lists of eligible studies and review articles, key journals, conference proceedings, trials registers, Internet resources and contact with study investigators, experts and manufacturers.</p> <p>Systematic reviews typically use more than one database. Examples of electronic bibliographic databases include MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO. Other database sources include The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Web of Science.</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Search dates (from and to)</li> <li>Restrictions on the search including language and publication period</li> <li>Whether searches will be re-run prior to the final analysis </li> </ul> <p>It is considered good practice for searches to be re-run just before the final analyses and any further studies identified, retrieved for inclusion. </p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Whether unpublished studies will be sought</li> </ul> </div> <div class="help_Q17"> <p>Give a link to the search strategy or an example of a search strategy for a specific database if available (including the keywords that will be used in the search strategies).<br>Alternatively, an electronic file could be supplied which will be linked to from the Register record. This will be made publicly available from the published record immediately, or it can be held in confidence until the review has been completed, at which time it will be made publicly available. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250</a> </p> </div> <div class="help_Q18"> <p>Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being studied. This could include health and wellbeing outcomes. </p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong> Type 2 diabetes. Physical activity in children.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q19"> <p>Give summary criteria for the participants or populations being studied by the review. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong><br> Inclusion: Adults with schizophrenia (as diagnosed using any recognised diagnostic criteria).<br> Exclusion: Adolescents (under 18 years of age) and elderly people (over 70).</p> </div> <div class="help_Q20"> <p>Give full and clear descriptions or definitions of the nature of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed. This is particularly important for reviews of complex interventions (interventions involving the interaction of several elements). If appropriate, an operational definition describing the content and delivery of the intervention should be given. </p> <p>Ideally, an intervention should be reported in enough detail that others could reproduce it or assess its applicability to their own setting. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </p> <p>For reviews of qualitative studies give details of the focus of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Population-level tobacco control interventions are defined as those applied to populations, groups, areas, jurisdictions or institutions with the aim of changing the social, physical, economic or legislative environment to make them less conducive to smoking. These are approaches that mainly rely on state or institutional control, either of a link in the supply chain or of smokers' behaviour in the presence of others.</p> <p>Examples include tobacco crop substitution or diversification, removing subsidies on tobacco production, restricting trade in tobacco products, measures to prevent smuggling, measures to reduce illicit cross-border shopping, restricting advertising of tobacco products, restrictions on selling tobacco products to minors, mandatory health warning labels on tobacco products, increasing the price of tobacco products, restricting access to cigarette vending machines, restricting smoking in the workplace, and restricting smoking in public places. Such approaches could also form part of wider, multifaceted interventions in schools, workplaces or communities.<sup>3</sup> </p> </div> <div class="help_Q21"> <p>Where relevant, give details of the alternatives against which the main subject/topic of the review will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p>Control or comparison interventions should be described in as much detail as the intervention being reviewed. If the comparator is ‘treatment as usual’ or ‘standard care’, this should be described, with attention being paid to whether it is ‘standard care’ at the time that an eligible study was done, or at the time the review is done.</p> <p>Systematic reviews of qualitative studies rarely have a comparator or control; stating ‘Not applicable’ is therefore acceptable. </p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong> Placebo. A group of hospital in-patients who were not exposed to the infectious agent.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q22"> <p>Give details of the types of study (study designs) eligible for inclusion in the review. If there are no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion, or certain study types are excluded, this should be stated. The preferred format includes details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p>If different study designs are needed for different parts of the review, this should be made clear. Where qualitative evidence will be incorporated in or alongside a review of quantitative data, this should be stated. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>We will include randomised trials to assess the beneficial effects of the treatments, and will supplement these with observational studies (including cohort and case–control studies) for the assessment of harms.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q23"> <p>Give summary details of the setting and other relevant characteristics which help define the inclusion or exclusion criteria.</p> <p>Include relevant details if these form part of the review’s eligibility criteria but are not reported elsewhere in the PROSPERO record. </p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong> Studies in hospital accident and emergency departments. Research in low- and middle-income countries only will be included.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q24"> <p>Give the pre-specified primary (most important) outcomes of the review, including details of how the outcome is defined and measured and when these measurement are made, if these are part of the review inclusion criteria.</p> <p>For systematic reviews of qualitative studies give details of what the review aims to achieve. </p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong>Change in depression score from baseline to the last available follow-up, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory. Five year progression-free survival (measured from randomisation). Establishing the barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in pregnancy. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q25"> <p>List the pre-specified secondary (additional) outcomes of the review, with a similar level of detail to that required for primary outcomes. Where there are no secondary outcomes please state ‘None’ or ‘Not applicable’ as appropriate to the review</p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Apgar scores for the baby at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q26"> <p>Describe how studies will be selected for inclusion. State what data will be extracted or obtained. State how this will be done and recorded.</p> <p>Data extraction methods reported in systematic review protocols should include:</p> <p> Study selection</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>The number of reviewers applying eligibility criteria and selecting studies for inclusion in the systematic review (good practice suggests more than one individual) and how this will be done (e.g. whether two people will independently screen records for inclusion or whether one will screen and an other check decisions) and whether researchers will be blinded to each other’s’ decisions.</li> <li>How disagreements between individual judgements will be resolved</li> <li style="padding-bottom: .5em">The software system or mechanism for recording decisions</li> </ul> <p>Data extraction</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>List which data will be extracted from study documents, including information about study design and methodology, participant demographics and baseline characteristics, numbers of events or measures of effect (where applicable). Alternatively, state how this information will obtained from study investigators.</li> <li>The number of people extracting or checking received data (good practice suggests more than one individual) and how this will be done (e.g. whether two people will independently extract data or whether one will extract data and an other person check the extracted data).</li> <li>How disagreements between individual judgements will be resolved</li> <li>How missing data will be handled including whether study investigators will be contacted for unreported data or additional details.</li> <li>The means of recording data (e.g. in an excel spreadsheet, in a software system such as Eppi Reviewer)</li> <li>Another relevant detail that should be included is the software or tool, if any, that will be used for data extraction and management. An example of such a software tool is the Systematic Review Data Repository-Plus</li> </ul> </div> <div class="help_Q27"> <p>Describe the method of assessing risk of bias or quality assessment. State which characteristics of the studies will be assessed and any formal risk of bias tools that will be used.</p> <p>Methods for assessing risk of bias reported in systematic review protocols should include:</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Which characteristics will be assessed (e.g. methods of randomisation, treatment allocation, blinding).</li> <li>Whether assessment will be done at study or outcome level</li> <li>The criteria used to assess internal validity, if formal a risk of bias assessment is planned (e.g. the Cochrane risk of bias tool, ROBINS, QUADAS). </li> <li>How the results of the assessment will inform data synthesis (where applicable).</li> <li>The number of reviewers that will be involved in the quality assessment</li> <li>How disagreements between reviewers judgements will be resolved</li> </ul> </div> <div class="help_Q28"> <p>Provide details of the planned synthesis including a rationale for the methods selected. This <strong>must not be generic text</strong> but should be <strong>specific to your review</strong> and describe how the proposed analysis will be applied to your data.</p> <p>Data synthesis methods reported in systematic review protocols should be specific about how they apply to the review and data in question and include:</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>Criteria under which the data will be synthesised (e.g. the minimum number of studies or level of consistency required for synthesis)</li> <li>Which data will be synthesised including outcomes and summary effect measures (e.g. risk ratios for progression free survival at 2 years)</li> <li>The formal method of combining individual study data including, as applicable, information about statistical models that will be fitted (e.g. risk ratios for individual studies will be combined using a random effects meta-analysis) or methods of synthesising qualitative data.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="help_Q29"> <p>State any planned investigation of ‘subgroups’. Be clear and specific about which type of study or participant will be included in each group or covariate investigated. State the planned analytic approach.</p> <p>Planned ‘subgroup’ analysis or investigation of potential effect modifiers in reported in systematic review protocols should include:</p> <ul type="disc"> <li>The rationale for the investigation (why are differences anticipated, or why is it important to look separately at different types of study or individual)</li> <li>Clear definitions of which types of study or individual will be included in each group (e.g. study design such as randomised/ non-randomised trial, intervention type such as high dose/low dose drug, setting such as hospital/ home care, participant characteristics such as male/female, stage III/stage IV tumour, <18 years/ ≥18 years)</li> <li>Details of the planned analytic approach (e.g. meta-regression, tests of interaction between groups, logistic regression using individual-level data). Where applicable this should include details of statistical models to be used.</li> </ul> </div> <div class="help_Q30"> <p>Select the type of review and the review method from the lists below. Select the health area(s) of interest for your review. </p> <p>N.B. The information required here relates to the topic and outcome of the systematic review rather than the methods to be used. It is used to facilitate accurate searching of the database.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q31"> <p>Select each country individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon <span class="flaticon flaticon-delete"></span> to remove any added in error.</p> <p>The entry will default to English if no other selection is made. For languages other than English, registrants are asked to indicate whether a summary or abstract will be made available in English. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>English, French.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q32"> <p>Select the country in which the review is being carried out from the drop down list. For multi-national collaborations select all the countries involved. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>England, Canada.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q33"> <p>Give the name of any organisation where the systematic review title or protocol is registered (such as with The Campbell Collaboration, or The Joanna Briggs Institute) together with any unique identification number assigned. (N.B. Registration details for Cochrane protocols will be automatically entered). If extracted data will be stored and made available through a repository such as the Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR), details and a link should be included here. If none, leave blank. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>The title for this review and the review protocol are recorded in the Campbell Library as Project 27</p> </div> <div class="help_Q34"> <p>Give the citation and link for the published protocol, if there is one. This may be to an external site such as a journal or organisational website. Alternatively an unpublished protocol may be deposited with CRD in pdf format. A link to this will be automatically added. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Free C, Phillips G, Felix L, Galli L, Patel V, Edwards P. The effectiveness of M-health technologies for improving health and health services: a systematic review protocol. BMC Research Notes 2010, 3:250 doi:10.1186/1756-0500-3-250<br> <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250</a>.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q35"> <p>Give brief details of plans for communicating essential messages from the review to the appropriate audiences. Any knowledge transfer or implementation activities beyond publication of the final report that are planned should be included. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> In addition to producing a report for the funders of this review, which will be made available free of charge on their website, a paper will be submitted to a leading journal in this field. Furthermore, should the findings of the review warrant a change in practice, a one page summary report will be prepared and sent to lead clinicians and healthcare professionals in the National Health Service.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q36"> <p>Give words or phrases that best describe the review. Keywords will help users find the review in the Register (the words do not appear in the public record but are included in searches). Be as specific and precise as possible. Avoid acronyms and abbreviations unless these are in wide use. </p> <p>The addition of keywords is particularly important for non-effectiveness reviews. These records are likely to contain fewer relevant terms in other fields such as comparators and outcomes. </p> <p>Information specialists at the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) will assign MeSH terms, which will appear in the public record. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Systematic review; meta-analysis; recurrence; survival; radiation; resectable; soft-tissue; sarcoma.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q37"> <p>Give details of earlier versions of the systematic review if an update of an existing review is being registered, including full bibliographic reference if possible. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>This review is an update of our earlier systematic review and economic model and is being undertaken in the light of the publication of significant new research which will assist in developing our model. The citation for the existing review is Fayter D, Nixon J, Hartley S, Rithalia A, Butler G, Rudolf M, Glasziou P, Bland M, Stirk L, Westwood M. A systematic review of the routine monitoring of growth in children of primary school age to identify growth-related conditions. <em>Health Technol Assess</em>. 2007;11(22):1-87. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q38">  <p>Review status should be updated when the review is completed and when it is published.</p> <p>Select from the list below to indicate the current status of the review.</p> <p>Use the free text box to provide an explanation of the status of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong> Discontinued: This review has been abandoned as we have been unable to secure adequate funding to proceed.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q39"> <p>Provide any other information the review team feel is relevant to the registration of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>This review is being undertaken as part of the planning for a randomised trial to compare all different types of radiotherapy for localised, resectable soft-tissue sarcoma.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q40"> <p>This field should be left empty until details of the completed review are available OR you have a link to a preprint.</p> <p>Give the full citation for the preprint or final report or publication of the systematic review, including the URL where available.</p> <p>This field may also be used to record the availability of an un-published final report, summary results etc. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong> Toulis KA, Goulis DG, Venetis CA, Kolibianakis EM, Negro R, Tarlatzis BC, Papadimas I. Risk of spontaneous miscarriage in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity undergoing IVF: a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Apr;162(4):643- 52. Epub 2009 Dec 2. <a href="http://eje-online.org/cgi/content/full/162/4/643" target="_blank">http://eje-online.org/cgi/content/full/162/4/643</a> </p> </div> </div>  <div id="help-Animal"> <div class="short_help_Q1">Give the working title of the review. This must be in English. The title should have the interventions or exposures being reviewed and the associated health or social problems. </div> <div class="short_help_Q2">For reviews in languages other than English, this field should be used to enter the title in the language of the review. This will be displayed together with the English language title.</div> <div class="short_help_Q3">Give the date when the systematic review commenced, or is expected to commence.</div> <div class="short_help_Q4">Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed.</div> <div class="short_help_Q5"> <p>Indicate the stage of progress of the review by ticking the relevant Started and Completed boxes. Additional information may be added in the free text box provided.</p> <p>Please note: Reviews that have progressed beyond the point of completing data extraction at the time of initial registration are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. Should evidence of incorrect status and/or completion date being supplied at the time of submission come to light, the content of the PROSPERO record will be removed leaving only the title and named contact details and a statement that inaccuracies in the stage of the review date had been identified.</p> <p>This field should be updated when any amendments are made to a published record and on completion and publication of the review.</p> </div> <div class="short_help_Q6">The named contact acts as the guarantor for the accuracy of the information presented in the register record.</div> <div class="short_help_Q7">Enter the electronic mail address of the named contact. </div> <div class="short_help_Q8">Enter the full postal address for the named contact.</div> <div class="short_help_Q9">Enter the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code.</div> <div class="short_help_Q10">Full title of the organisational affiliations for this review and website address if available. This field may be completed as ‘none’ if the review is not affiliated to any organisation.</div> <div class="short_help_Q11">Give the personal details and the organisational affiliations of each member of the review team. Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. <b>NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person.</b></div> <div class="short_help_Q12">Give details of the individuals, organisations, groups or other legal entities who take responsibility for initiating, managing, sponsoring and/or financing the review. Any unique identification numbers assigned to the review by the individuals or bodies listed should be included.</div> <div class="short_help_Q13">List any conditions that could lead to actual or perceived undue influence on judgements concerning the main topic investigated in the review.</div> <div class="short_help_Q14">Give the name, affiliation and role of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who are not listed as review team members.</div> <div class="short_help_Q15">Give details of the question to be addressed by the review, clearly and precisely.</div> <div class="short_help_Q16">Give details of the sources to be searched, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication period). The full search strategy is not required, but may be supplied as a link or attachment.</div> <div class="short_help_Q17">Give a link to the search strategy or an example of a search strategy for a specific database if available (including the keywords that will be used in the search strategies).</div> <div class="short_help_Q18">Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being modelled.</div> <div class="short_help_Q19">Give summary criteria for the animals being studied by the review, e.g. species, sex, details of disease model. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q20">Give full and clear descriptions of the nature of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed (e.g. dosage, timing, frequency). Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q21">Where relevant, give details of the type(s) of control interventions against which the experimental condition(s) will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q22">Give details of the study designs eligible for inclusion in the review. If there are no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion, or certain study types are excluded, this should be stated. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q23">Give details of any other inclusion and exclusion criteria, e.g. publication types (reviews, conference abstracts), publication date, or language restrictions.</div> <div class="short_help_Q24">Give detail of the outcome measures to be considered for inclusion in the review. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</div> <div class="short_help_Q25">This question does not apply to systematic reviews of animal studies for human health submissions.</div> <div class="short_help_Q26"> </div> <div class="short_help_Q27">State whether and how risk of bias and/or study quality will be assessed. Assessment tools specific for pre-clinical animal studies include <a href="https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-14-43" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool</a> and the <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600064?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">CAMARADES checklist</a> for study quality</div> <div class="short_help_Q28"> </div> <div class="short_help_Q30"> </div> <div class="short_help_Q31">Select each country individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon <span class="flaticon flaticon-delete"></span> to remove any added in error. </div> <div class="short_help_Q32">Select the country in which the review is being carried out from the drop down list. For multi-national collaborations select all the countries involved.</div> <div class="short_help_Q33">List other places where the systematic review protocol is registered. The name of the organisation and any unique identification number assigned to the review by that organisation should be included.</div> <div class="short_help_Q34">Give the citation and link for the published protocol, if there is one.</div> <div class="short_help_Q35">Give brief details of plans for communicating essential messages from the review to the appropriate audiences.</div> <div class="short_help_Q36">Give words or phrases that best describe the review. Separate keywords with a semicolon or new line.</div> <div class="short_help_Q37">Give details of earlier versions of the systematic review if an update of an existing review is being registered, including full bibliographic reference if possible.</div> <div class="short_help_Q38">Review status should be updated when the review is completed and when it is published.</div> <div class="short_help_Q39">Provide any further information the review team consider relevant to the registration of the review.</div> <div class="short_help_Q40">This field should be left empty until details of the completed review are available OR you have a link to a preprint. Give the full citation for the preprint or final report or publication of the systematic review. </div>  <div class="help_Q1"> <p>Give the working title of the review. This must be in English. The title should have the interventions or exposures being reviewed and the associated health or social problems. </p> <p>Where appropriate, the title should use the PI(E)CO structure to contain information on the Population, Intervention (or Exposure) and Comparison groups, and the Outcomes to be measured. Acronyms may be included in titles, but should not be used alone without expansion unless they are regarded as more usual than the expansion (e.g. HIV). If the original title is in a different language, the English version must be entered here, with the non-English version entered into Field #2 (Original language title). If the final title of the (published) review differs from the one entered here, this can be recorded in Field #40 (Details of the final report/publication(s)). </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Efficacy of ischemic postconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models, a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q2"> <p>For reviews in languages other than English, this field should be used to enter the title in the language of the review. This will be displayed together with the English language title.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q3"> <p>Give the date when the systematic review commenced, or is expected to commence.</p> <p>For the purposes of PROSPERO, the date of commencement for the systematic review can be defined as any point after completion of a protocol, but before formal screening of the identified studies against the eligibility criteria begins. A protocol can be deemed complete when it is approved by a funder or the person commissioning the review, when peer review is complete, when the protocol is published, or when the authors decide that it is complete and they do not anticipate any major revisions to the design of the systematic review.</p> <p>This field may be edited at any time. All edits to published records will appear in the record audit trail. A brief explanation of the reason for changes should be given in the Revision Notes facility.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q4"> <p>Give the date by which the review is expected to be completed.</p> <p>In the absence of an agreed contractual date, a realistic anticipated date for completion should be set. It can be modified should the schedule change. When this date is reached, the named contact will receive an automated email to ask them to provide an update on progress.</p> <p>This field may be edited at any time. All edits will appear in the record audit trail. A brief explanation of the reason for changes should be given in the Revision Notes facility. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q5"> <p>Indicate the stage of progress of the review by ticking the relevant Started and Completed boxes. Additional information may be added in the free text box provided.</p> <p>Please note: Reviews that have progressed beyond the point of completing data extraction at the time of initial registration are not eligible for inclusion in PROSPERO. Should evidence of incorrect status and/or completion date being supplied at the time of submission come to light, the content of the PROSPERO record will be removed leaving only the title and named contact details and a statement that inaccuracies in the stage of the review date had been identified.</p> <p>This field should be updated when any amendments are made to a published record and on completion and publication of the review.<br><br><strong>Example: “</strong>Preliminary searches” ticked as completed, “Piloting of the study selection process” ticked as started.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q6"> <p>The named contact acts as the guarantor for the accuracy of the information presented in the register record.</p> <p>This should be the lead reviewer or a representative of the review team. This person is also responsible for submitting details of any amendments while the review is ongoing and publication details after the review is completed. The named contact is the person to whom users of PROSPERO would send questions or comments. This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s signing in details. The named contact will be displayed in the public record. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Dr Joseph Bloggs</p> </div> <div class="help_Q7"> <p>Enter the electronic mail address of the named contact.</p> <p>This may be a generic email address to which the named contact has access.<br> This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s signing in details, but can be changed if required. The email address supplied here will be displayed in the public record. </p> <p><strong>Examples: </strong>joseph.bloggs@city.ac.uk; research.secretary@city.ac.uk</p> </div> <div class="help_Q8"> <p>Enter the full postal address for the named contact.</p> <p>This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s signing in details.<br> This address will be displayed in the public record. If you do not wish it to appear in the public record delete the content of this field. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Alcuin B Block, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK</p> </div> <div class="help_Q9"> <p>Enter the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code. </p> <p>This field is automatically populated from the named contact’s signing in details. This number will be displayed in the public record. If you do not wish it to appear in the public record delete the content of this field. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>+44 (0)10904 32104</p> </div> <div class="help_Q10"> <p>Full title of the organisational affiliations for this review and website address if available. This field may be completed as ‘none’ if the review is not affiliated to any organisation. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Radboud university medical center (Radboudumc)</p> </div> <div class="help_Q11"> <p>Give the personal details and the organisational affiliations of each member of the review team. <b>NOTE: email and country are now mandatory fields for each person.</b>. </p> <p>Affiliation refers to groups or organisations to which review team members belong. The named contact will be automatically added to this field, but can be deleted if not a member of the review team. To place the named contact somewhere other than first in order, delete the automatic entry and enter members’ details in the required order. Membership of the review team and details of affiliations can be updated at any time. All edits will appear in the record audit trail. </p> <p><strong>Examples: </strong>Mr Joseph Bloggs, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. Dr Jane Smith, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK. Prof. Steven Jones, Centre for Health Statistics, Medical Research Centre, Canada.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q12"> <p>Give details of the individuals, organisations, groups or other legal entities who take responsibility for initiating, managing, sponsoring and/or financing the review. Any unique identification numbers assigned to the review by the individuals or bodies listed should be included.</p> <p> <strong>Examples: </strong>NIHR HTA Programme (Project ref 09/13/02). The Terry Fox New Frontiers Program in Cancer (Ref 201006TFL). Funding provided by Amgen, Merck, Roche, and Sanofi-aventis.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q13"> <p>List any conditions that could lead to actual or perceived undue influence on judgements concerning the main topic investigated in the review.</p> <p>The conflicts of interest listed should cover the review team as a whole, as well as individuals in the team. Conﬂicts of interest arise when a team member or the team as a whole (e.g. because of the team’s institution) has ﬁnancial or personal relationships that may inappropriately inﬂuence (bias) their actions (such relationships are also known as dual commitments, competing interests, or competing loyalties). These relationships vary from being negligible to having great potential for inﬂuencing judgement. Not all relationships represent true conﬂict of interest. On the other hand, the potential for conﬂict of interest can exist regardless of whether a person believes that the relationship affects his or her scientiﬁc judgement. Financial relationships (such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, and paid expert testimony) are the most easily identiﬁable conﬂicts of interest and the most likely to undermine the credibility of the review. However, conﬂicts can occur for other reasons, such as personal relationships, academic competition, and intellectual passion. For the purposes of disclosure, the term “competing interest” should be considered synonymous with conﬂict of interest.</p> <p> <strong>Example:</strong> The lead reviewer (JB) has given talks on this topic at workshops, seminars, and conferences for which travel and accommodation has been paid for by the organisers. The other authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q14"> <p>Give the name, affiliation and role of any individuals or organisations who are working on the review but who are not listed as review team members.</p> <p> <strong>Example: </strong>Dr Eric Porter, Oncologist, University Hospital, Brighton, UK. Clinical advisor.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q15"> <p>Give details of the question to be addressed by the review, clearly and precisely. This should be clearly and precisely defined, but may be specific or broad. The question may be framed or refined using PI(E)COS where relevant. Further guidance is available in e.g. the <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265183/pdf/LA-11-087.pdf" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">step by step search guide. </a> </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Does analgesic treatment reduce the number or incidence of metastasis in animal cancer models?</p> </div> <div class="help_Q16"> <p>Give details of the sources to be searched, and any restrictions (e.g. language or publication period). The full search strategy is not required, but may be supplied as a link or attachment.</p> <p>A <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3265183/pdf/LA-11-087.pdf" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">step by step search guide</a>, as well as animal search filters for <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3104815/pdf/LA-09-117.pdf" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">Pubmed</a> and <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0023677213494374/suppl_file/LAN494374_Supplement.doc" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">EMBASE</a>, are available to facilitate the search process. List all sources that will be used to identify studies for the review. Sources include (but are not limited to) bibliographic databases, reference lists of eligible studies and review articles, key journals, trials registers, conference proceedings, internet resources and contact with experts and manufacturers. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> We will search the following electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The full search strategy (see pdf) is based on the search components “animal” (using Pubmed and EMBASE search filters [ref, ref]), “laparoscopic surgery” and “renal function”. No publication date or language restrictions will be applied. We will screen the reference lists of included studies for additional eligible studies not retrieved by our search. The searches will be re-run just before the final analyses to retrieve the most recent studies eligible for inclusion. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q17"> <p>Give a link to the search strategy or an example of a search strategy for a specific database if available (including the keywords that will be used in the search strategies).</p> <p>Alternatively, an electronic file could be supplied which will be linked to from the Register record. This will be made publicly available from the published record immediately, or it can be held in confidence until the review has been completed, at which time it will be made publicly available.<br> <br> <strong>Example: </strong><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1756-0500/3/250</a> </p> </div> <div class="help_Q18"> <p>Give a short description of the disease, condition or healthcare domain being modelled.</p> <p>This could include health and wellbeing outcomes. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Type 2 diabetes; Myocardial infarction; Physical activity in the elderly.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q19"> <p>Give summary criteria for the animals being studied by the review, e.g. species, sex, details of disease model. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Inclusion criteria: all animal models with experimental cancer in which metastasis can develop (all species, all sexes). Exclusion criteria: animals with co-morbidities; ex vivo, in vitro and in silico models; experimental cancer without metastasis </p> </div> <div class="help_Q20"> <p>Give full and clear descriptions of the nature of the interventions or the exposures to be reviewed (e.g. dosage, timing, frequency). Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p>For reviews of pre-clinical animal studies, the intervention would be e.g. treatment with a drug, or a therapeutic intervention such as exercise. For reviews of animal exposure studies, e.g. in toxicology, the intervention would be exposure to a certain compound. For reviews aiming to provide an overview of animal models for a certain health problem or disease, this would be the intervention(s) used to induce the disease model (e.g. high-fat diet to induce obesity, or transverse aortic constriction to induce heart failure). See also Field #30 for additional information on review types.</p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Inclusion criteria: analgesic treatment with compounds registered for use in clinical practice, including pre-treatment of tumor cells with analgesics before injection. All timings, frequencies and dosages of treatment are eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria: treatment with analgesics not registered for use in clinical practice. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q21"> <p>Where relevant, give details of the type(s) of control interventions against which the experimental condition(s) will be compared (e.g. another intervention or a non-exposed control group). Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria. </p> <p>Control or comparison interventions should be described in as much detail as the intervention being reviewed. A “control group” may refer to vehicle-treated animals, sham-treated animals, animals undergoing no treatment at all, baseline measurements, etc. Indicate which of these control conditions are eligible for inclusion.</p> <p>If the review aims to provide an overview of available animal models for a certain health problem / disease (animal model review, see Field #30), the comparator would generally be a healthy, naive animal”. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Inclusion criteria: vehicle-treated control animals. Exclusion criteria: all other control conditions (e.g. no treatment, saline-treated if vehicle is not saline).</p> </div> <div class="help_Q22"> <p>Give details of the types of study (study designs) eligible for inclusion in the review. If there are no restrictions on the types of study design eligible for inclusion, or certain study types are excluded, this should be stated. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Inclusion criteria: controlled studies with a separate control group. Exclusion criteria: case studies, cross-over studies, studies without a separate control group.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q23"> <p>Give details of any other inclusion and exclusion criteria (e.g. publication date or language restrictions).</p> <p><strong>Examples:</strong> Inclusion criteria: all languages, all publication dates. Exclusion criteria: none.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q24"> <p>Give details of the outcome measures to be considered for inclusion in the review. Please include details of both inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Inclusion criteria: tumor number and/or tumor incidence reported. Exclusion criteria: no relevant outcomes reported (e.g. tumor weight only).</p> </div> <div class="help_Q25"> <p>This question does not apply to systematic reviews of animal studies for human health submissions </p> </div> <div class="help_Q26"> <p>Give the procedure for selecting studies for the review and extracting data, including the number of researchers involved and how discrepancies will be resolved. List the data to be extracted.</p> <p>Other relevant details could include whether study selection and/or data extraction will be blinded (researchers unaware of author/journal details) and whether and how authors of eligible studies will be contacted to provide missing or additional data.</p> <p>For reviews of individual participant data, this field should include the data to be sought and how this will be collected.</p> <p>A description of any other manipulation or transformation of the extracted data that is planned may be included. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> Titles and/or abstracts of studies retrieved using the search strategy and those from additional sources will be screened independently by two review authors to identify studies that potentially meet the inclusion criteria outlined above. The full text of these potentially eligible studies will be retrieved and independently assessed for eligibility by two review team members. Any disagreement between them over the eligibility of particular studies will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer.</p> <p>A standardised, pre-piloted form will be used to extract data from the included studies for assessment of study quality and evidence synthesis. Extracted information will include: study setting; study population and participant demographics and baseline characteristics; details of the intervention and control conditions; study methodology; recruitment and study completion rates; outcomes and times of measurement; indicators of acceptability to users; suggested mechanisms of intervention action; information for assessment of the risk of bias. Two review authors will extract data independently, discrepancies will be identified and resolved through discussion (with a third author where necessary). Missing data will be requested from study authors. </p> <p><strong>Example for IPD:</strong> Those responsible for the included studies will be asked to supply line by line individual participant data comprising: de-identified patient reference; allocated treatment, date of randomisation; date of birth, gender, tumour stage, tumour histology, survival status, date of last follow up or death.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q27"> <p>State whether and how risk of bias and/or study quality will be assessed. Assessment tools specific for pre-clinical animal studies include <a href="https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-14-43" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool</a> and the <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600064?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">CAMARADES</a> checklist for study quality. </p> <p><a href="https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-14-43" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool</a> is used to perform an assessment of internal validity, addressing selection, performance, detection, attrition, and other types of bias. The <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600064?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&" target="_blank" tabindex="-1">CAMARADES</a> checklist is used to perform a combined assessment of the reporting of a number of measures to reduce bias, and several indicators of external validity and study quality. Both tools may be adapted by adding or removing items. If this is planned, specify which adaptations have been made. “No risk of bias and/or quality assessment planned” is acceptable only if the aim of the review is limited to providing an overview of available animal models, without presenting any outcome data.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q28"> <p>Give the planned general approach to synthesis, e.g. whether aggregate or individual participant data will be used and whether a quantitative or narrative (descriptive) synthesis is planned. It is acceptable to state that a quantitative synthesis will be used if the included studies are sufficiently homogenous. </p> <p>Where appropriate, the planned analytical approaches (e.g. Bayesian or frequentist (classical), fixed or random effects; categorising studies within a narrative synthesis) should be outlined. Whether and how statistical heterogeneity will be explored and how any observed heterogeneity will impact on or modify the planned approach to analysis should be stated, along with any planned sensitivity analyses. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies, structured around the type of intervention, target population characteristics, type of outcome and intervention content. We will provide summaries of intervention effects for each study by calculating risk ratios (for dichotomous outcomes) or standardised mean differences (for continuous outcomes).</p> <p>We anticipate that there will be limited scope for meta-analysis because of the range of different outcomes measured across the small number of existing trials. However, where studies have used the same type of intervention and comparator, with the same outcome measure, we will pool the results using a random-effects meta-analysis, with standardised mean differences for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for binary outcomes, and calculate 95% confidence intervals and two sided P values for each outcome. In studies where the effects of clustering have not been taken into account, we will adjust the standard deviations for the design effect. Heterogeneity between the studies in effect measures will be assessed using both the χ2 test and the <em>I</em>2 statistic. We will consider an <em>I</em>2 value greater than 50% indicative of substantial heterogeneity. We will conduct sensitivity analyses based on study quality. We will use stratified meta-analyses to explore heterogeneity in effect estimates according to: study quality; study populations; the logistics of intervention provision; and intervention content. We will also assess evidence of publication bias.</p> <p><strong>Example for IPD:</strong> Individual data from all randomised participants will be included in the analyses, which will be performed on an intention to treat basis. A two-stage approach to synthesis will be used. For time to event outcomes, the individual times to event will be used in the stratified (by trial) logrank test to produce hazard ratio estimates of the effect of treatment for individual trials. These hazard ratios will then be combined across studies using a fixed effect model to give combined hazard ratios. For dichotomous outcomes, the number of events and the number of patients will be used to calculate Peto odds ratio estimates of treatment effect. These will be generated for individual trials and then combined across trials using a fixed effect model. For all outcomes, trial results will also be combined using a random effects model to test robustness to model choice.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q29"> <p>Give details of any plans for the separate presentation, exploration or analysis of different types of participants (e.g. by age, disease status, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, presence or absence or co-morbidities); different types of intervention (e.g. drug dose, presence or absence of particular components of intervention); different settings (e.g. country, acute or primary care sector, professional or family care); or different types of study (e.g. randomised or non-randomised).</p> <p>The approach to be taken should be stated, e.g. whether subgroup analyses, meta-regression or modelling of covariates is planned and, where appropriate, details of categorisation (e.g. BMI <25, 25-30,>30) should be given. Where it is not possible or appropriate to specify subgroups or subsets in advance, for example in a qualitative synthesis, please make a statement to this effect. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>If the necessary data are available, subgroup analyses will be done for people with stage I and stage II disease separately. Within each stage, and overall, we also plan to do a subgroup analysis by age (<20, 20-30, 30-40, >40 years). </p> <p>This is a qualitative synthesis and while subgroup analyses may be undertaken it is not possible to specify the groups in advance</p> </div> <div class="help_Q30"> <p>Pre-clinical animal intervention reviews have a review question in the PICO format and concern pre-clinical testing of intervention(s) in animal models of disease. Animal model reviews aim to provide an overview of animal models for a certain health problem or disease (area) and do not investigate the efficacy of treatment. They may still have a PICO review question where the intervention is the induction of a disease model. Experimental animal exposure reviews have a review question in PECO format and concern the effect of exposure to certain compounds in experimental animals, e.g. safety studies in toxicology.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q31"> <p>Select each country individually to add it to the list below, use the bin icon <span class="flaticon flaticon-delete"></span> to remove any added in error. The entry will default to English if no other selection is made. For languages other than English, registrants are asked to indicate whether a summary or abstract will be made available in English.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q32"> <p>Select the country in which the review is being carried out from the drop down list. For multi-national collaborations select all the countries involved. </p> </div> <div class="help_Q33"> <p>List other places where the systematic review protocol is registered. The name of the organisation and any unique identification number assigned to the review by that organisation should be included. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>All Wales Systematic Review Register (AWSRR2 Sciaticax)</p> </div> <div class="help_Q34"> <p>Give the citation and link for the published protocol, if there is one. This may be to an external site such as a journal or organisational website. Alternatively an unpublished protocol may be deposited with CRD in pdf format. A link to this will be automatically added. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> G.P.J. van Hout, S.J. Jansen of Lorkeers, K.E. Wever, E.S. Sena, W.W. van Solinge, P.A. Doevendans, G. Pasterkamp, S.A.J. Chamuleau and I.E. Hoefer. Anti-inflammatory compounds to reduce infarct size in large-animal models of myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis (pages 4–10). Version of Record online: 20 JAN 2015 | DOI: 10.1002/ebm2.4 </p> </div> <div class="help_Q35"> <p>Give brief details of plans for communicating essential messages from the review to the appropriate audiences. Any knowledge transfer or implementation activities beyond publication of the final report that are planned should be included. </p> <p><strong>Example:</strong> In addition to producing a report for the funders of this review, which will be made available free of charge on their website, a paper will be submitted to a leading journal in this field. Furthermore, should the findings of the review warrant a change in practice, a one page summary report will be prepared and sent to lead clinicians and healthcare professionals in the National Health Service.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q36"> <p>Give words or phrases that best describe the review. Keywords will help users find the review in the Register. Be as specific and precise as possible. Avoid acronyms and abbreviations unless these are in wide use.</p> <p>Information specialists at the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) will assign MeSH terms. When the review is published, NLM assigned MeSH terms will be added where these are available. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Systematic review; meta-analysis; recurrence; survival; radiation; resectable; soft-tissue; sarcoma.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q37"> <p>Give details of earlier versions of the systematic review if an update of an existing review is being registered, including full bibliographic reference if possible. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>This is an update of our earlier systematic review and is being undertaken in the light of the publication of significant new research. The citation for the existing review is Hypothermia in animal models of acute ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Van der Worp HB, Sena ES, Donnan GA, Howells DW, Macleod MR. Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3063-74.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q38"> <p>Review status should be updated when the review is completed and when it is published</p> <p>Select from drop down list to indicate the current status of the review:</p> <p>Use the free text box to provide an explanation of the status of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>Discontinued: This review has been abandoned as we have been unable to secure adequate funding to proceed.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q39"> <p>Provide any other information the review team feel is relevant to the registration of the review. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>This review is being undertaken as part of the planning for a randomised trial to compare all different types of radiotherapy for localised, resectable soft-tissue sarcoma.</p> </div> <div class="help_Q40"> <p>This field should be left empty until details of the completed review are available OR you have a link to a preprint.</p> <p>Give the full citation for the preprint or final report or publication of the systematic review, including the URL where available.</p> <p>This field may also be used to record the availability of an un-published final report, summary results etc. </p> <p><strong>Example: </strong>This review is being undertaken as part of the planning for a randomised trial to compare all different types of radiotherapy for localised, resectable soft-tissue sarcoma.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="lists" style="display: none"> <ul class="review_type_list"> <li data-value="Animal review"> <form> <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" data-iconpos="right"> <input type="checkbox" id="chk_reviewtype_9"> <label for="chk_reviewtype_9">Animal review</label> </fieldset> </form> </li> <li data-value="Cost effectiveness"> <form> <fieldset data-role="controlgroup" data-iconpos="right"> <input type="checkbox" id="chk_reviewtype_1"> <label for="chk_reviewtype_1">Cost effectiveness</label> </fieldset> </form> </li> <li data-value="Diagnostic"> 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