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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Matagorda Bay" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Matagorda Bay" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_de_Matagorda" title="Bahía de Matagorda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahía de Matagorda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfeto_Matagorda" title="Golfeto Matagorda – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Golfeto Matagorda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baie_de_Matagorda" title="Baie de Matagorda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baie de Matagorda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baia_di_Matagorda" title="Baia di Matagorda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baia di Matagorda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A5_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%94" title="מפרץ מאטאגורדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפרץ מאטאגורדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matagordabaai" title="Matagordabaai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Matagordabaai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E6%B9%BE" title="マタゴルダ湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マタゴルダ湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%ADa_de_Matagorda" title="Baía de Matagorda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baía de Matagorda" data-language-autonym="Português" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Matagorda_Bay&params=28_33_56_N_96_12_36_W_type:estuary_source:nlwiki_scale:500000_region:US-TX"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°33′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°12′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.56556°N 96.21000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bay on the Texas coast, United States of America</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Matagorda Bay</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg/264px-Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg/396px-Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Matagorda_Bay_from_space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_Texas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Matagorda Bay is located in Texas"><img alt="Matagorda Bay is located in Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/256px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/384px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Relief_map_of_Texas.png/512px-Relief_map_of_Texas.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.871%;left:78.029%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Matagorda Bay"><img alt="Matagorda Bay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Matagorda Bay</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jensen_Pt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jensen_Pt.jpg/256px-Jensen_Pt.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jensen_Pt.jpg/384px-Jensen_Pt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Jensen_Pt.jpg/512px-Jensen_Pt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Matagorda Bay at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=&daddr=28.687174,-96.276227&hl=en&geocode=&mra=mi&mrsp=0&sz=19&sll=28.687174,-96.276216&sspn=0.000986,0.001714&ie=UTF8&ll=28.64962,-96.227875&spn=0.504956,0.877533&t=h&z=10">Jensen Point</a></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region">Central <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf Coast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Matagorda_Bay&params=28_33_56_N_96_12_36_W_type:estuary_source:nlwiki_scale:500000_region:US-TX"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">28°33′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">96°12′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">28.56556°N 96.21000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">28.56556; -96.21000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">River sources</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River (Texas)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_River" title="Lavaca River">Lavaca River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Primary outflows: oceans, seas, straights">Ocean/sea sources</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">244,490 acres (98,940 ha)<sup id="cite_ref-TWDB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Lavaca,_Texas" title="Port Lavaca, Texas">Port Lavaca, Texas</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Matagorda Bay</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɔːr/: 'ar' in 'war'">ɔːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/En-us-Matagorda.ogg\/En-us-Matagorda.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Matagorda.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/En-us-Matagorda.ogg/En-us-Matagorda.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Matagorda.ogg" title="File:En-us-Matagorda.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-DictionaryMatagordaBay_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DictionaryMatagordaBay-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a large <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> bay on the <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> coast, lying in <a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Texas" title="Calhoun County, Texas">Calhoun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_County,_Texas" title="Matagorda County, Texas">Matagorda</a> counties and located approximately 80 miles (130 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi</a>, 143 miles (230 km) east-southeast of <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio</a>, 108 miles (174 km) south-southwest of <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a>, and 167 miles (269 km) south-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>. It is one of seven major <a href="/wiki/Estuaries_of_Texas" title="Estuaries of Texas">estuaries along the Gulf Coast of Texas</a> and serves as the mouth of numerous streams, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_River" title="Lavaca River">Lavaca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado Rivers</a>. The Texas seaport of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Port_Lavaca_%E2%80%93_Point_Comfort" title="Port of Port Lavaca – Point Comfort">Port Lavaca</a> is located on the system's northwestern extension of <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_Bay" title="Lavaca Bay">Lavaca Bay</a>. The city of <a href="/wiki/Palacios,_Texas" title="Palacios, Texas">Palacios</a> is found on northeastern extension of <a href="/wiki/Tres_Palacios_Bay" title="Tres Palacios Bay">Tres Palacios Bay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Port_O%27Connor,_Texas" title="Port O'Connor, Texas">Port O'Connor</a> is located on the southwestern tip of the main bay's shore. The <a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">ghost town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indianola,_Texas" title="Indianola, Texas">Indianola</a>, which was a major port before it was destroyed by two hurricanes in the late 19th century, is also found on the bay. </p><p>The bay is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by <a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Peninsula" title="Matagorda Peninsula">Matagorda Peninsula</a>. Its shore, especially near the Colorado River delta, provides a habitat for a wide variety of wildlife. The wildlife serves as a basis for the birding and fishing tourism, and is an essential component of the production of seafood, specifically <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Callinectes_sapidus" title="Callinectes sapidus">blue crab</a>, which are the specialties of the area. The fertile land near the bay is ideal for farming, especially for the propagation of rice. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matagorda_Bay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early European records suggest that the bay and the surrounding area went by the names <i>Espíritu Santo</i> and <i>Costa y Bahía de San Bernardo</i>. Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Alonso_%C3%81lvarez_de_Pineda" title="Alonso Álvarez de Pineda">Alonso Álvarez de Pineda</a>'s map from the late 1510s appears to be the first documentation of the bay. In 1685, French explorer <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a> established the colony of <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis</a> along the bay's shore after missing the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Half of the colonists were killed by disease, and the other half, save for five children, were killed by <a href="/wiki/Karankawa_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Karankawa Indians">Karankawa Indians</a>. It was afterward referred to as a "lost colony." The Indians kept the children until they were rescued by the Spanish during the <a href="/wiki/Alonso_De_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Alonso De León">Alonso De León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Ter%C3%A1n_de_los_R%C3%ADos" title="Domingo Terán de los Ríos">Domingo Terán de los Ríos</a> expeditions near the bay.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1722 Spanish built a fort, <a href="/wiki/Presidio_La_Bahia" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio La Bahia">Presidio La Bahia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_del_Esp%C3%ADritu_Santo_de_Z%C3%BA%C3%B1iga" title="Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga">Mission Nuestra Señora del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga</a> on the site of Fort Saint Louis.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/220px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/330px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG/440px-LaSallesExpeditiontoLouisiana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Gudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Gudin">Theodore Gudin</a>'s painting of La Salle's entrance into Matagorda Bay, 1684</figcaption></figure> <p>The port of <a href="/wiki/Linnville,_Calhoun_County,_Texas" title="Linnville, Calhoun County, Texas">Linnville</a> was established on Matagorda Bay in 1831, and served as a main port for the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Raid_of_1840" title="Great Raid of 1840">Great Comanche Raid of 1840</a> destroyed the town and forced the inhabitants to flee to the nearby Labbacca, which would later become known as Port Lavaca.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lavaca or <i>la vaca</i>, Spanish for cow, was founded in the wake of the Comanche Raid in 1841. It replaced Linnville as the main port on Matagorda Bay. However, the sandbar-heavy Lavaca Bay caused some navigational problems for ships. As a result, Lavaca was surpassed by Indianola as the main port on Matagorda Bay in the 1850s, even though the sandbars were dredged later in the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indianola had been founded in 1846 as a landing place for German immigrants. It rapidly developed into a major seaport, and became the second largest in the state (after <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston</a>) by the 1860s.<sup id="cite_ref-Indianola_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indianola-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two ports, and strategic control of Matagorda Bay in particular, became important during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. Control of the bay shifted between the <a href="/wiki/Union_army" title="Union army">Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> forces several times. The Union presence in the area ended in June 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, Indianola continued its growth, and had a population of 5,000 in the 1870s. A hurricane in 1875 caused massive damage to the city. It was rebuilt on a smaller scale shortly thereafter, but a second and more intense <a href="/wiki/1886_Indianola_hurricane" title="1886 Indianola hurricane">hurricane made landfall in 1886</a> (the fifth most intense in U.S. history), causing even greater destruction. The following year, Indianola was completely abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-Indianola_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indianola-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Lavaca was also significantly affected by the hurricanes, it survived as a port, and again became the largest on the bay. It continues to hold this distinction today. It was renamed Port Lavaca in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palacios was established around 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-Palacios_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacios-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Port O'Connor was founded on the bay in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 1900, <a href="/wiki/East_Matagorda_Bay" title="East Matagorda Bay">East Matagorda Bay</a> was a free flowing extension, which formed the eastern segment of Matagorda Bay. Flooding and drainage issues caused by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a>, which at the time emptied into the bay, precipitated a massive dredging campaign in the 1920s. Flooding was not remedied by the dredging, as sediment deposited in the bay and formed a <a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">tidal marsh</a> that grew at 500 acres (2.0 km<sup>2</sup>) a year. As a result, local citizens decided to change the course of the Colorado River in 1934 to bypass Matagorda Bay into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, the dredging from this project causing the split and forming the isolated East Matagorda Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-magazine_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magazine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, the river was diverted back to the bay.<sup id="cite_ref-magazine_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magazine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matagorda_Bay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matagorda_bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Matagorda_bay.jpg/220px-Matagorda_bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Matagorda_bay.jpg/330px-Matagorda_bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Matagorda_bay.jpg/440px-Matagorda_bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carancahua_Bay" title="Carancahua Bay">Carancahua Bay</a> (yellow), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chocolate_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chocolate Bay (page does not exist)">Chocolate Bay</a> (brown), <a href="/wiki/East_Matagorda_Bay" title="East Matagorda Bay">East Matagorda Bay</a> (red), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keller_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keller Bay (page does not exist)">Keller Bay</a> (lime), <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_Bay" title="Lavaca Bay">Lavaca Bay</a> (orange), <b>Matagorda Bay (purple)</b>, <a href="/wiki/Tres_Palacios_Bay" title="Tres Palacios Bay">Tres Palacios Bay</a> (magenta), <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turtle Bay (Texas)">Turtle Bay</a> (olive)</figcaption></figure> <p>The shoreline of the bay is included in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Coastal_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Coastal Plain">Texas Coastal Plain</a>. At the eastern end, near the Colorado River delta, there is a swampy terrain, with an abundance of <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> and tidal marshes. Extended coastal <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairies</a> supporting native grasses, can be found throughout the area.<sup id="cite_ref-clive_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clive-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, the Matagorda Bay system is 2 meters (6.6 ft) deep, and covers approximately 1,093 square kilometers (422 sq mi). The main extensions include: <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_Bay" title="Lavaca Bay">Lavaca Bay</a>, which extends westward to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Lavaca_River" title="Lavaca River">Lavaca River</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tres_Palacios_Bay" title="Tres Palacios Bay">Tres Palacios Bay</a>, which extends northeast to the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Tres_Palacios_River" title="Tres Palacios River">Tres Palacios River</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Matagorda_Bay" title="East Matagorda Bay">East Matagorda Bay</a>, which is nearly isolated from the system by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a> delta. Other inlets include Turtle Bay, <a href="/wiki/Carancahua_Bay" title="Carancahua Bay">Carancahua Bay</a>, Keller Bay, and Cox Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-gulf_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Together with its extensions, Matagorda Bay forms one of seven major <a href="/wiki/Estuaries_of_Texas" title="Estuaries of Texas">estuaries along the Gulf Coast of Texas</a>, and the third largest estuarine system in Texas behind <a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Madre" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguna Madre">Laguna Madre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TWDB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWDB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It receives the discharge from the Colorado River and the Lavaca River, as well as numerous smaller creeks.<sup id="cite_ref-gulf_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every second, approximately 150 cubic meters (40,000 U.S. gal) of water flows into the bay. Water exchange with the Gulf of Mexico occurs at <a href="/wiki/Pass_Cavallo_(Texas)" title="Pass Cavallo (Texas)">Pass Cavallo</a>, Matagorda Ship Channel, Greens Bayou, the Colorado River Delta Complex and Brown Cedar Cut. As a result of the seawater exchange, the bay's salinity is 19 parts per thousand (ppt),<sup id="cite_ref-gulf_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is lower than the seawater average of 35 ppt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecosystem">Ecosystem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matagorda_Bay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecosystem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of wildlife can be found in and around Matagorda Bay. The Mad Island-Oyster Lake conservation area, located on the eastern shore of Matagorda Bay, is a habitat for over 300 species of birds including songbirds, shorebirds and waterfowl. More species of birds were found in the area than any other in the nation during the <a href="/wiki/National_Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="National Audubon Society">National Audubon Society</a>'s annual <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Bird_Count" title="Christmas Bird Count">Christmas Bird Count</a> from 2000 to 2002. Other fauna located along the bay include <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">river otters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_horned_lizard" title="Texas horned lizard">Texas horned lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reddish_egret" title="Reddish egret">reddish egret</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_hawk" title="White-tailed hawk">white-tailed hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_falcon" title="Peregrine falcon">peregrine falcon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Piping_plover" title="Piping plover">piping plover</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">alligators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clive_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clive-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Texas_Parks_and_Wildlife" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Parks and Wildlife">Texas Parks and Wildlife</a>, the following fish have been caught in the bay: <a href="/wiki/Striped_bass" title="Striped bass">striped bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gafftopsail_catfish" title="Gafftopsail catfish">gafftopsail catfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_croaker" title="Atlantic croaker">Atlantic croaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_drum" title="Black drum">black drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_drum" title="Red drum">red drum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_flounder" title="Southern flounder">southern flounder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haemulidae" title="Haemulidae">barred grunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hake" title="Hake">hake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skipjack_herring" class="mw-redirect" title="Skipjack herring">skipjack herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crevalle_jack" title="Crevalle jack">crevalle jack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladyfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladyfish">ladyfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_menhaden" title="Gulf menhaden">Gulf menhaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthopristis_chrysoptera" title="Orthopristis chrysoptera">pigfish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lagocephalus" title="Lagocephalus">smooth puffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sand_seatrout" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand seatrout">sand seatrout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotted_seatrout" class="mw-redirect" title="Spotted seatrout">spotted seatrout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blacktip_shark" title="Blacktip shark">blacktip shark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gray_snapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray snapper">gray snapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_stingray" title="Southern stingray">southern stingray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_toadfish" title="Gulf toadfish">Gulf toadfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_tripletail" title="Atlantic tripletail">tripletail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bay serves as a nursery for <a href="/wiki/Finfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Finfish">finfish</a>, shrimp and crabs.<sup id="cite_ref-magazine_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magazine-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matagorda_Bay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg/220px-Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg/330px-Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg/440px-Harbor_Palacios_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Shrimping boats in <a href="/wiki/Palacios,_Texas" title="Palacios, Texas">Palacios</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Matagorda Bay system is a renowned fishing location in the region, due to its status as a nutrient-rich estuary. The mainstays of the settlements on the bay include seafood processing, manufacturing, agriculture and tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial fishermen specialize in oyster, blue crab, and <a href="/wiki/Shrimping" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimping">shrimp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gulf_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Lavaca is the national leader in the processing of shrimp,<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and passed four million tons of seafood through its port in 1985 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-handbook_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palacios houses the largest blue crab processing plant in the United States, and is home to the only individually quick frozen shrimp plant in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-Palacios_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacios-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a> also contributes to the local economies via tourism.<sup id="cite_ref-gulf_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulf-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourists often flock to the Port Lavaca State Fishing Pier, which is a major point of interest for fishermen. Other activities for visitors include hunting, oyster roasts, beach combing<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and birding.<sup id="cite_ref-Palacios_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacios-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several manufacturing complexes have been erected along the bay, which employ local residents. The <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_Company_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum Company of America">Aluminum Company of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide">Union Carbide</a>, <a href="/wiki/DuPont_(1802%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="DuPont (1802–2017)">Du Pont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Formosa Plastics">Formosa Plastics</a> all established plants in <a href="/wiki/Point_Comfort,_Texas" title="Point Comfort, Texas">Point Comfort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/South_Texas_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="South Texas Nuclear Generating Station">South Texas Nuclear Generating Station</a> is found in nearby <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Texas" title="Bay City, Texas">Bay City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palacios_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacios-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> were discovered in the bay in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavaca_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavaca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, turf, and rice grow well around the bay, especially in the fertile delta region.<sup id="cite_ref-Palacios_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palacios-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matagorda_Bay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TWDB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TWDB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TWDB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twdb.texas.gov/surfacewater/bays/major_estuaries/colorado_lavaca/index.asp">"Colorado-Lavaca Estuary (Matagorda Bay)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Water_Development_Board" title="Texas Water Development Board">Texas Water Development Board</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+Water+Development+Board&rft.atitle=Colorado-Lavaca+Estuary+%28Matagorda+Bay%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twdb.texas.gov%2Fsurfacewater%2Fbays%2Fmajor_estuaries%2Fcolorado_lavaca%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatagorda+Bay" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DictionaryMatagordaBay-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DictionaryMatagordaBay_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/matagorda%20bay">"Matagorda Bay"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>. Random House, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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