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But <em>Lean Logic</em> uses it in an extended sense as one of the key implications and elements of[/glossary_exclude] lean thinking. [glossary_exclude]Lean thinking affirms that it is those who are actually engaged in a task who are better placed to decide on responses to events and shocks, and to invent[/glossary_exclude] local solutions, [glossary_exclude]than is a centralised authority remote from the detail; there is local freedom to think. But this requires that there should be consensus on what the task is: without that, local[/glossary_exclude] freedom [glossary_exclude]turns into something elseu2014simply a situation in which everyone decides what they feel like doing today: there is nothing wrong with that, but it is not a way of accomplishing very much.rnrnGrammar in this sense, then, is the set of rules in terms of which collective action takes place. It exists, for instance, in the form of the rules of a game: it is because there is a requirement to obey the rules (a lack of freedom to disobey them) that the game is possible; it is the frame of reference, the set of genes, forming the structure which enables a[/glossary_exclude] system or a culture to emerge. And the paradox [glossary_exclude]is clear: it is because of the existence of the rules (constraining freedom) that it becomes possible to build a complex system/game/culture whose expression can mean a formidable improvement in the range of available[/glossary_exclude] choices [glossary_exclude]and meanings: freedom is much increased because it becomes possible to do things which would not have been available to participants if the freedom-constraining grammar had not been in place.rnrnSo lean grammar is the endowment within which a system operates, providing the frame of reference for local[/glossary_exclude] freedom of judgment.[glossary_exclude] It is the set of principles which enable[/glossary_exclude] community [glossary_exclude]to <em>create</em> meaning, colour and joy.[/glossary_exclude]rnrn&nbsp;rnrn<strong>Related entries</strong>:rnrnIntention, Manners.","accessMode":"textual, visual","url":"https://leanlogic.online/glossary/grammar/"}</script> <style type="text/css"> 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 <div class="thn_post_wrap" > <div class="glossary-item-audio"></div><p>The way a language works: the received principles which enable it to communicate meaning, colour and joy.</p> <p>That, at least, is the meaning of grammar as applied to language. But <em>Lean Logic</em> uses it in an extended sense as one of the key implications and elements of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Lean Thinking</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A frame of reference for enabling people to join together in a shared aim.&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Lean” in this sense was originally derived from industrial lean production in the post-war period, and the concept is widely applied in industry, as alluded to in this book’s Introduction. &lt;em&gt;Lean Logic&lt;/em&gt; applies this frame of reference to the shared aim of rebuilding a political economy in place of the failing market.&lt;sup&gt;L181&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The essence is this. Two ways of making something happen can be compared. One of them—top-down management—is to tell people what to do: issue instructions, regulations, incentives, penalties, targets;(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/lean-thinking/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">lean thinking</a>. Lean thinking affirms that it is those who are actually engaged in a task who are better placed to decide on responses to events and shocks, and to invent <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Local</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Localisation, Local Wisdom.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/local/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">local</a> solutions, than is a centralised authority remote from the detail; there is local freedom to think. But this requires that there should be consensus on what the task is: without that, local <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Freedom</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Is lean thinking consistent with freedom? There are clearly some senses in which it is not. The five rules of the grammar of lean thinking—intention, lean means, flow, pull and feedback—are designed to focus minds on a purpose, so there is a commitment there which may narrow individual options. The purpose may be the business of making cars or the Lean Economy’s aim of building and sustaining a community, but it cannot be achieved in a culture where—as Aristotle put it, warning us of the fallacy—&quot;freedom means doing what you like”.&lt;sup&gt;F39&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nor can we expect useful results from a collective(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/freedom/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">freedom</a> turns into something else—simply a situation in which everyone decides what they feel like doing today: there is nothing wrong with that, but it is not a way of accomplishing very much.</p> <p>Grammar in this sense, then, is the set of rules in terms of which collective action takes place. It exists, for instance, in the form of the rules of a game: it is because there is a requirement to obey the rules (a lack of freedom to disobey them) that the game is possible; it is the frame of reference, the set of genes, forming the structure which enables a <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Systems Thinking</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Guidelines for thinking about networks of interaction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Lean Logic&lt;/em&gt; makes a distinction between two kinds of system: the complex system and the modular system.&lt;br /&gt;It also recognises two more kinds of system which are special applications of these: the complicated system and the ecological system. &lt;br /&gt;The four are summarised in the table below.</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/systems-thinking/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">system</a> or a <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Culture</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The culture of a community is its art, music, dance, skills, traditions, virtues, humour, carnival, conventions and conversation. These give structure and shape to community—like the foundational vertical strands used in basket-making, round which you wind the texture of the basket itself. Culture keeps social capital alive and upright. It is . . . &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;. . . all those habits and customs whereby we identify ourselves as a community instead of as a collection of atomic individuals. And what makes that possible is a sense of shared destiny, shared history, shared home, being together in one(...)&lt;/p&gt;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/culture/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">culture</a> to <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Emergence</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The evolution of complex outcomes from simple circumstances or rules. For instance, chess is defined by fewer than two dozen rules, but new possibilities in the game are still being discovered without limit. Ants build complex structures without having an idea of it in their minds. Richard Dawkins’ computer programme designed to simulate the evolution of species is able to produce virtual organisms of limitless variety from the expression of just nine genes. But note the corollary—if the number of rules or &quot;genes” is reduced a little, the number of possible outcomes or types of outcome(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/emergence/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">emerge</a>. And the <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Paradox</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>A statement which contradicts itself, or which seems to do so. Example: &lt;p style=&quot;padding-left: 30px;&quot;&gt;This sentence is false.&lt;/p&gt; This is called the Liar Paradox; it can make you feel dizzy if you think about it too long, and it is said to have caused the premature death of Philetas of Cos, philosopher, romantic poet and tutor to the young Ptolemy II in the fourth century BC.&lt;sup&gt;P11 &lt;/sup&gt;Paradoxes are extremely important because many of the most interesting truths contain seeming contradictions: as Francis Bacon remarked, &quot;There is no excellent beauty that hath not some strangeness in the proportion.”&lt;sup&gt;P12&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A person who is(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/paradox/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">paradox</a> is clear: it is because of the existence of the rules (constraining freedom) that it becomes possible to build a complex system/game/culture whose expression can mean a formidable improvement in the range of available <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Choice, The Fallacy of</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>The assumption that we do what we choose.&lt;br /&gt;It sometimes happens that a well-intentioned friend or relation takes it as an assumption that the things you do in your life reflect choices that you have made. After all, if you hadn’t chosen them, you wouldn’t be doing them, would you? But it may not be as simple as that. You may find yourself committed, for instance, to your local Transition initiative, or to any of the things you do as a citizen, because you believe that it has to be done, whether or not you have time for it and really enjoy doing that sort of thing more than, for instance,(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/choice/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">choices</a> and meanings: freedom is much increased because it becomes possible to do things which would not have been available to participants if the freedom-constraining grammar had not been in place.</p> <p>So lean grammar is the endowment within which a system operates, providing the frame of reference for local <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Freedom</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Is lean thinking consistent with freedom? There are clearly some senses in which it is not. The five rules of the grammar of lean thinking—intention, lean means, flow, pull and feedback—are designed to focus minds on a purpose, so there is a commitment there which may narrow individual options. The purpose may be the business of making cars or the Lean Economy’s aim of building and sustaining a community, but it cannot be achieved in a culture where—as Aristotle put it, warning us of the fallacy—&quot;freedom means doing what you like”.&lt;sup&gt;F39&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nor can we expect useful results from a collective(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/freedom/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">freedom</a> of <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Judgment</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>See Reflection, Encounter, Flow, Presence, Casuistry, Intelligence, Practice, Spirit.&lt;br /&gt;&nbsp;</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/judgment/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">judgment</a>. It is the set of principles which enable <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Community</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>Community can mean many things. One of them refers to common interests—the Morris dancing community, the gay community, the Facebook community. These are reasonable understandings of community, but they fall outside the bounds of this entry, which explores community in the sense of living in the same place.&lt;br /&gt;The character of such communities is varied, and many attempts have been made to devise a frame of reference for making sense of their differences. The best-known way of distinguishing between them was provided by Ferdinand Tönnies, who (in 1887) pointed to the difference between the(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/community/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">community</a> to <em>create</em> meaning, colour and joy.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Related entries</strong>:</p> <p><a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Intention</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>One of the properties (Rule 1) of a system designed on the principles of lean thinking. This first, critical, stage defines what you want to achieve: resist the temptation to add numerous other objectives, since this will only destroy the focus and rule out the possibility of discovering a common purpose. But you don’t need to resist the temptation to adopt an aim which is beyond what you think you can achieve—for among the resources available to you is pull, and its speciality is discovering solutions.&lt;br /&gt;But of course it isn’t as simple as that, for two reasons. First, overall aims consist(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/intention/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Intention</a>, <a class="glossaryLink" aria-describedby="tt" data-cmtooltip="<div class=glossaryItemTitle>Manners</div><div class=glossaryItemBody>&lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt; The practice of courtesy, of encounter with the other’s space and values, of tact and good humour, of acute observation, of listening to what a person is saying and—if really necessary—even reading what he has written before disagreeing with it. Manners spill over benignly into adjacent fields, directed not only towards the other person, but to the natural environment and to oneself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(2)&lt;/strong&gt; The whole behaviour of people—their thought and action, the way they go about things, the defining qualities of a person’s existence.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;The word &quot;manners” has an early history in the ancient Sanskrit(...)</div>" href="https://leanlogic.online/glossary/manners/" data-mobile-support="0" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]' tabindex="0" role="link">Manners</a>.</p> <a href="https://leanlogic.online/list-of-entries/">« Back to List of Entries</a> </div> <div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="thn_post_wrap wp_link_pages"> </div>   <div class="post_foot"> <div class="post_meta"> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div class="author_box "> <div class="author_avatar"> <img width="100" height="100" src="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-100x100.png" class="avatar avatar-100 photo" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-100x100.png 100w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming-150x150.png 150w, https://leanlogic.online/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/david-fleming.png 205w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px" /> </div> <div class="author_inner"> <h5>David Fleming</h5> <div class="athor_desc"> Dr David Fleming (2 January 1940 – 29 November 2010) was a cultural historian and economist, based in London, England. He was among the first to reveal the possibility of peak oil's approach and invented the influential TEQs scheme, designed to address this and climate change. He was also a pioneer of post-growth economics, and a significant figure in the development of the UK Green Party, the Transition Towns movement and the New Economics Foundation, as well as a Chairman of the Soil Association. His wide-ranging independent analysis culminated in two critically acclaimed books, 'Lean Logic' and 'Surviving the Future', published posthumously in 2016. These in turn inspired the 2020 launches of both BAFTA-winning director Peter Armstrong's feature film about Fleming's perspective and legacy - 'The Sequel: What Will Follow Our Troubled Civilisation?' - and Sterling College's unique 'Surviving the Future: Conversations for Our Time' online courses. 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