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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>European fascism and the Byakkotai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_fascism_and_the_Byakkotai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depictions_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depictions_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Depictions in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depictions_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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title="Byakkotai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Byakkotai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Byakkotai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بیاکوتای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیاکوتای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Byakkotai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Byakkotai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%99%8E%E9%9A%8A" title="白虎隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白虎隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бяккотай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бяккотай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Бјакотај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бјакотај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Бяккотай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бяккотай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%99%8E%E9%9A%8A" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit in the Boshin War (1868–1869)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Byakkotai</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">白虎隊</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Byakko-tai_statues.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Byakkotai warriors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Byakko-tai_statues.JPG/220px-Byakko-tai_statues.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Byakko-tai_statues.JPG/330px-Byakko-tai_statues.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Byakko-tai_statues.JPG/440px-Byakko-tai_statues.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Statue of Byakkotai warriors at <a href="/wiki/Iimori_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Iimori Hill">Iimori Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aizu-Wakamatsu,_Fukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima">Aizu-Wakamatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1868</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Disbanded</th><td class="infobox-data">1868</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aizu_Domain" title="Aizu Domain">Aizu Domain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">reserve force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Reserve force of <a href="/wiki/Aizu_Domain" title="Aizu Domain">Aizu Domain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">305</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aizu" title="Battle of Aizu">Battle of Aizu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <i><b>Byakkotai</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">白虎隊</span></span>, "<a href="/wiki/White_Tiger_(Chinese_constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Tiger (Chinese constellation)">White Tiger</a> Unit")</span> was a group of around 305<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> young teenage <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Aizu_Domain" title="Aizu Domain">Aizu Domain</a>, who fought in the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> (1868–1869) on the side of the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Byakkotai was part of Aizu's four-unit military, formed in April 1868 in the domain's drive to finalize its military modernization, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other three units were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genbutai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genbutai (page does not exist)">Genbutai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_Tortoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Tortoise">Black Tortoise</a> Unit),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seiry%C5%ABtai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seiryūtai (page does not exist)">Seiryūtai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azure_Dragon" title="Azure Dragon">Azure Dragon</a> Unit),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suzakutai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suzakutai (page does not exist)">Suzakutai</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Bird" title="Vermilion Bird">Vermilion Bird</a> Unit).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each of the four was named after the <a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols_(Chinese_constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)">protecting gods of compass directions</a>. Byakkotai was meant to be a reserve unit, as it was composed of the young, 16- to 17-year-old sons of Aizu samurai.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subdivided further, along the lines of rank within the domain's samurai population: two squads were from the upper (<i>shichū</i>) rank, two from the middle rank (<i>yoriai</i>), and two from the lowest (<i>ashigaru</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty of the members of the 2nd <i>shichū</i> squad, cut off from the rest of their unit in the wake of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tonoguchihara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tonoguchihara (page does not exist)">Battle of Tonoguchihara</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> retreated to <a href="/wiki/Iimori_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Iimori Hill">Iimori Hill</a>, which overlooked the <a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle" title="Aizuwakamatsu Castle">castle town</a>. From there, they saw what they thought was the castle on fire, and committed <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">seppuku</a> (with one failed attempt) in desperation, believing their <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Katamori" title="Matsudaira Katamori">lord</a> and families dead.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamakawa,_p._522_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamakawa,_p._522-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However these 20 Byakkotai members were mistaken in their assessment of defeat, as the castle defenses had not actually been breached; the castle town surrounding the inner citadel was aflame. As the majority of the town was between Iimori Mountain and the castle, the boys saw the rising smoke and assumed that the castle itself had fallen.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamakawa,_p._522_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamakawa,_p._522-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 19 Byakkotai members who committed suicide were the following:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Adachi Tōzaburō</li> <li>Ishiyama Toranosuke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinoda_Gisabur%C5%8D" title="Shinoda Gisaburō">Shinoda Gisaburō</a> (acting commander)</li> <li>Nagase Yūji</li> <li>Mase Genshichirō</li> <li>Aruga Orinosuke<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Itō Teijirō</li> <li>Suzuki Genkichi</li> <li>Nishikawa Shōtarō</li> <li>Yanase Katsusaburō</li> <li>Ikegami Shintarō</li> <li>Itō Toshihiko</li> <li>Tsuda Sutezō</li> <li>Nomura Komashirō</li> <li>Yanase Takeji</li> <li>Ishida Wasuke</li> <li>Ibuka Shigetarō</li> <li>Tsugawa Kiyomi</li> <li>Hayashi Yasoji</li></ul> <p>The sole survivor, <a href="/wiki/Iinuma_Sadakichi" title="Iinuma Sadakichi">Iinuma Sadakichi</a>, attempted suicide but was unsuccessful. He was saved by a local peasant. After the war, he moved to the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>, and lived there until his death. He also served as an officer in the army (retiring with the rank of captain) and as an official of the local post office in Sendai.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, their bodies remained exposed to the elements until permission was finally granted by the imperial government to bury them. A memorial was later erected at Iimori Hill, and all 20 of the Byakkotai members named above are buried there.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A stone bearing a <a href="/wiki/Waka_(poetry)" title="Waka (poetry)">poem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Katamori" title="Matsudaira Katamori">Matsudaira Katamori</a> also stands at the site: </p><p>幾人の　涙は石にそそぐとも　その名は世々に　朽じとぞ思ふ </p><p><i>Ikutari no namida wa ishi ni sosogu tomo sono na wa yoyo ni kuchiji to zo omou</i> </p><p>"No matter how many people wash the stones with their tears, these names will never vanish from the world."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rest of the Byakkotai continued to fight over the course of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aizu" title="Battle of Aizu">Battle of Aizu</a>, with many of the members contributing to the defense of the <a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle" title="Aizuwakamatsu Castle">castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Byakkotai members survived the war.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of them who went on to prominent roles during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji Era">Meiji Era</a> were the physicist and historian Dr <a href="/wiki/Yamakawa_Kenjir%C5%8D" title="Yamakawa Kenjirō">Yamakawa Kenjirō</a> and the Imperial Japanese Navy admiral <a href="/wiki/Dewa_Shiget%C5%8D" title="Dewa Shigetō">Dewa Shigetō</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_fascism_and_the_Byakkotai">European fascism and the Byakkotai</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European fascism and the Byakkotai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg/220px-Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg/330px-Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg/440px-Byakkotai_mussolini_column.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2322" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>Pompeii column from Benito Mussolini currently erected on Iimoriyama</figcaption></figure> <p>The Italian fascist dictator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> heard of the story of the Byakkotai members who committed suicide, and was deeply impressed by their loyalty to their lord.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, he donated a column from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> to be erected by the graves at Iimori Mountain; this column remains there to the present day. <sup id="cite_ref-iimori-poi_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iimori-poi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> also erected a monument showing their approval of the Byakkotai.<sup id="cite_ref-japan-guide_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-japan-guide-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> at the end of World War II, the U.S. Army removed the Nazi symbol from the German monument and replaced it with an <a href="/wiki/Iron_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron cross">iron cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iimori-poi_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iimori-poi-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions_in_media">Depictions in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Depictions in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Byakkotai have been the topic of many plays, books, films, and TV series. One notable TV depiction was produced in 1986 <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%99%8E%E9%9A%8A_(1986%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AE%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E)" class="extiw" title="ja:白虎隊 (1986年のテレビドラマ)">Byakkotai</a>; another, more recently, was the 2007 TV drama, which starred <a href="/wiki/Yamashita_Tomohisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamashita Tomohisa">Yamashita Tomohisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Koki" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaka Koki">Tanaka Koki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taisuke_Fujigaya" title="Taisuke Fujigaya">Fujigaya Taisuke</a>. Yamashita portrayed another Byakkotai survivor, Sakai Mineji.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Byakkotai are featured as a unit exclusive to the Aizu clan in <i><a href="/wiki/Total_War:_Shogun_2:_Fall_of_the_Samurai" title="Total War: Shogun 2: Fall of the Samurai">Total War: Shogun 2: Fall of the Samurai</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (June 2024)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 489px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Memorial on Iimori Mountain."><img alt="Memorial on Iimori Mountain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG/120px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG/180px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG/240px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_from_afar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="1874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Memorial on Iimori Mountain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tablets with the names of Byakkotai members who committed suicide."><img alt="Tablets with the names of Byakkotai members who committed suicide." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG/120px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG/180px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG/240px-Byakko-tai_shrine_at_Iimori-yama_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2746" data-file-height="1977" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tablets with the names of Byakkotai members who committed suicide.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Column given by Mussolini."><img alt="Column given by Mussolini." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg/120px-Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg/180px-Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg/240px-Aidu_Byakkotai_Monument_by_Mussolini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Column given by Mussolini.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Children portraying Byakkotai soldiers at the annual Aizu clan parade (2006)."><img alt="Children portraying Byakkotai soldiers at the annual Aizu clan parade (2006)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG/120px-Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG/180px-Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG/240px-Young_warriors_in_2006_Aizu_parade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2682" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Children portraying Byakkotai soldiers at the annual Aizu clan parade (2006).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Iimori Mountain(2006)."><img alt="View from Iimori Mountain(2006)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG/120px-Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG/180px-Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG/240px-Aizu-Wakamatsu_from_Iimori-yama.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from Iimori Mountain(2006).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Byakkotai who committed Seppuku at Iimori Mountain, woodblock print"><img alt="Byakkotai who committed Seppuku at Iimori Mountain, woodblock print" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg/120px-Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg/180px-Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg/240px-Byakkotai_eiy%C5%AB_kagami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Byakkotai who committed Seppuku at Iimori Mountain, woodblock print</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle" title="Aizuwakamatsu Castle">Aizuwakamatsu Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonmatsu_Shonentai" title="Nihonmatsu Shonentai">Nihonmatsu Shonentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Museum" title="Fukushima Museum">Fukushima Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakamura, p. 30. Approx. 305 as per Nakamura's addition of the numbers in the 5 sub-units of Byakkotai.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noguchi, <i>Aizu-han</i>, pp. 169–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Made up of men 50 years and older, tasked with city patrol in Wakamatsu and reserve duty</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Made up of men 36 to 49 years old, tasked with border patrol</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Made up of 18- to 35-year-old men, tasked with actual combat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Name readings as per Noguchi, p. 170; unit data as per Nakamura, pp. 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noguchi, p. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noguchi, p. 170; as per Nakamura, p. 30, the numbers in each subdivision were: Shichu 1: 37 Shichu 2: 37 Yoriai 1: 98 Yoriai 2: 62 Ashigaru: 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>, pp. 521–522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamakawa,_p._522-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yamakawa,_p._522_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yamakawa,_p._522_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>, p. 522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai Jūkyūshi-den</i>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Name reading as per Yamakawa, <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai Jūkyūshi-den</i>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai jūkyūshi-den</i>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including Iinuma, who was initially buried in Sendai but whose hair and teeth were reinterred at <a href="/wiki/Iimori_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Iimori Hill">Iimori Hill</a> in 1958. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/6618/honmon/21.html">http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/6618/honmon/21.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301205123/http://www.geocities.co.jp/SilkRoad-Lake/6618/honmon/21.html">Archived</a> 2012-03-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://homepage3.nifty.com/ponpoko-y/yomoyama/aizu03.htm">http://homepage3.nifty.com/ponpoko-y/yomoyama/aizu03.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208160050/http://homepage3.nifty.com/ponpoko-y/yomoyama/aizu03.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>, pp. 608–610</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakamura, p. 199. probably over 80% of members survived</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai jūkyūshi-den</i>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iimori-poi-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iimori-poi_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iimori-poi_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iimoriyama.jp/iimori.html">"Points of Interest in Iimori-yama"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Points+of+Interest+in+Iimori-yama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iimoriyama.jp%2Fiimori.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jref.com/articles/byakkotai.168/">"Byakkotai"</a>. 8 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byakkotai&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjref.com%2Farticles%2Fbyakkotai.168%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-japan-guide-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-japan-guide_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e7709.html">"Iimoriyama, Site of suicide by a group of young soldiers"</a>. <i>Japan-guide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan-guide.com&rft.atitle=Iimoriyama%2C+Site+of+suicide+by+a+group+of+young+soldiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japan-guide.com%2Fe%2Fe7709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jref.com/articles/byakkotai.168/">"Byakkotai"</a>. 8 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Byakkotai&rft.date=2012-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjref.com%2Farticles%2Fbyakkotai.168%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mineji was in the same unit as the Byakkotai boys who committed suicide. See Yamakawa, <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai Jūkyūshi-den</i>, p. 111. A statue of the real Mineji can be seen at Iimori Hill. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://oniheru.fc2web.com/douzou/sakai_mineji.htm">http://oniheru.fc2web.com/douzou/sakai_mineji.htm</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nakamura Akihiko (2001). <i>Byakkotai</i>. Tokyo: Bunshun-shinsho.</li> <li>Noguchi Shin'ichi (2005). <i>Aizu-han</i>. Tokyo: Gendai Shokan.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamakawa_Kenjirō1933" class="citation book cs1">Yamakawa Kenjirō (1933). <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>. Tokyo: Aizu Boshin Senshi Hensankai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aizu+Boshin+Senshi&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Aizu+Boshin+Senshi+Hensankai&rft.date=1933&rft.au=Yamakawa+Kenjir%C5%8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamakawa_Kenjirō;_Munekawa_Toraji1926" class="citation book cs1">Yamakawa Kenjirō; Munekawa Toraji (1926). <i>Hoshū Aizu Byakkotai jūkyūshi-den</i>. Wakamatsu: Aizu Chōrei Gikai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hosh%C5%AB+Aizu+Byakkotai+j%C5%ABky%C5%ABshi-den&rft.place=Wakamatsu&rft.pub=Aizu+Ch%C5%8Drei+Gikai&rft.date=1926&rft.au=Yamakawa+Kenjir%C5%8D%3B+Munekawa+Toraji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AByakkotai" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byakkotai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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