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class="mw-page-title-main">Aizuwakamatsu Castle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell_d%27Aizuwakamatsu" title="Castell d'Aizuwakamatsu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castell d'Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg_Aizu-Wakamatsu" title="Burg Aizu-Wakamatsu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Burg Aizu-Wakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_Aizuwakamatsu" title="Castillo Aizuwakamatsu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castillo Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizuwakamatsuko_gaztelua" title="Aizuwakamatsuko gaztelua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aizuwakamatsuko gaztelua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88-%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88" title="قلعه آیزو-واکاماتسو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلعه آیزو-واکاماتسو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_d%27Aizuwakamatsu" title="Château d'Aizuwakamatsu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Château d'Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%80%EC%B9%B4%EB%A7%88%EC%93%B0%EC%84%B1" title="와카마쓰성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="와카마쓰성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AB%D5%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Աիձուվակամացու ամրոց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աիձուվակամացու ամրոց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castello_di_Aizuwakamatsu" title="Castello di Aizuwakamatsu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Castello di Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9D%BE%E5%9F%8E" title="若松城 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="若松城" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizuvakamatsu_qal%E2%80%99asi" title="Aizuvakamatsu qal’asi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Aizuvakamatsu qal’asi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamek_Aizuwakamatsu" title="Zamek Aizuwakamatsu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zamek Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelo_de_Aizuwakamatsu" title="Castelo de Aizuwakamatsu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Castelo de Aizuwakamatsu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83" title="Замок Аидзувакамацу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Замок Аидзувакамацу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu_Kalesi" title="Aizuwakamatsu Kalesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aizuwakamatsu Kalesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%83" title="Замок Вакамацу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Замок Вакамацу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%B4%A5%E8%8B%A5%E6%9D%BE%E5%9F%8E" title="会津若松城 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="会津若松城" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Castle in Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Tsuruga Castle</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname"><i><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鶴ヶ城</span></span></i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu,_Fukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima">Aizuwakamatsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg/250px-Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg/375px-Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg/500px-Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_ac_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5333" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The reconstructed <i><a href="/wiki/Tenshu" title="Tenshu">tenshu</a></i> (keep) at Tsuruga Castle</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tsuruga Castle is located in Fukushima Prefecture"><img alt="Tsuruga Castle is located in Fukushima Prefecture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg/250px-Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg/375px-Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg/500px-Fukushima-ken_g%C3%A9olocalisation_relief.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1719" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.863%;left:38.883%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tsuruga Castle"><img alt="Tsuruga Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Tsuruga Castle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Fukushima Prefecture</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tsuruga Castle is located in Japan"><img alt="Tsuruga Castle is located in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/250px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/375px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg/500px-Japan_natural_location_map_with_side_map_of_the_Ryukyu_Islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.855%;left:55.586%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tsuruga Castle"><img alt="Tsuruga Castle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/10px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/15px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/20px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Tsuruga Castle</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Japan</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&params=37_29_16_N_139_55_47_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°29′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">139°55′47″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.48778°N 139.92972°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.48778; 139.92972</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Hirayamashiro</i> (hilltop <a href="/wiki/Japanese_castle" title="Japanese castle">castle</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">The <i>tenshu</i> was reconstructed using concrete in 1965.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1384</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ashina Naomori</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1384 to 1889</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: left; background-color: #eee"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div style="display:block;border-style: solid;padding: 3px;border-color: brown;border-width: 3px;background-color: white;color: black;text-align: center;margin: 3px;float: center;"><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Japan" title="Monuments of Japan">National Historic Site of Japan</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AizuCastle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AizuCastle.jpg/270px-AizuCastle.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AizuCastle.jpg/405px-AizuCastle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AizuCastle.jpg/540px-AizuCastle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2818" data-file-height="2032" /></a><figcaption>The original <i><a href="/wiki/Tenshu" title="Tenshu">tenshu</a></i> of Aizuwakamatsu Castle (1868)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg/270px-Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg/405px-Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg/540px-Aizu_Wakamatsu_Castle_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1370" /></a><figcaption>Aizuwakamatsu Castle on the right</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tsuruga Castle</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鶴ヶ城</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tsuru-ga-jō</i></span>)</span>, also known as <b>Aizuwakamatsu Castle</b> (会津若松城 <i>Aizu-Wakamatsu-jō</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_castle" title="Japanese castle">Japanese castle</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, at the center of the city of <a href="/wiki/Aizuwakamatsu" title="Aizuwakamatsu">Aizuwakamatsu</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima Prefecture</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsuruga Castle is located in the center of the Aizu basin and at crossroads to <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Driyama,_Fukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōriyama, Fukushima">Kōriyama</a> to the north and <a href="/wiki/Yonezawa,_Yamagata" title="Yonezawa, Yamagata">Yonezawa</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Murakami,_Niigata" title="Murakami, Niigata">Murakami</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a> coast. During the <a href="/wiki/Nanboku-cho_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanboku-cho period">Nanboku-cho period</a>, the area was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Ashina_clan_(Japan)" title="Ashina clan (Japan)">Ashina clan</a>. Ashina Naomori built <b>Kurokawa Castle</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">黒川城</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kurokawa-jō</i></span>)</span> within the Aizu basin in 1384. This castle was the predecessor of what later became Tsuruga Castle. It was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Ashina_Moriuji" title="Ashina Moriuji">Ashina Moriuji</a> until 1561, when he turned his domain over to his son.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ashina clan also built <a href="/wiki/Mukaihaguroyama_Castle" title="Mukaihaguroyama Castle">Mukaihaguroyama Castle</a>, a huge mountain castle 10 kilometers south of Aizuwakamatsu. However, by the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a>, the power of the Ashina clan had weakened. <a href="/wiki/Date_Masamune" title="Date Masamune">Date Masamune</a>, the greatest warlord of the Tōhoku area, who had struggled against the Ashina clan for years, and finally captured the castle in 1589 at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kurokawa_Castle" title="Siege of Kurokawa Castle">Siege of Kurokawa Castle</a>. However, Masamune was in turn forced to pledge fealty to <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi" title="Toyotomi Hideyoshi">Toyotomi Hideyoshi</a> in 1590, and were obliged to relocate north to <a href="/wiki/Sendai" title="Sendai">Sendai</a>. Aizu then came to be ruled by one of Hideyoshi's generals, <a href="/wiki/Gam%C5%8D_Ujisato" title="Gamō Ujisato">Gamō Ujisato</a>. Ujisato was expected to keep a close watch on Date Masamune, and thus rebuilt Kurokawa Castle into a modern castle in 1592, renaming it <i>Tsuruga Castle</i>, although the populace also referred to it as <i>Aizu Castle</i> or <i>Wakamatsu Castle</i>. He also built an unprecedentedly huge seven-story <i><a href="/wiki/Tenshu" title="Tenshu">tenshu</a></i> in 1593. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ujisato died of illness at the age of 39, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi reassigned his vast domain to <a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Kagekatsu" title="Uesugi Kagekatsu">Uesugi Kagekatsu</a>, whom he relocated from <a href="/wiki/Echigo_Province" title="Echigo Province">Echigo Province</a>. Although Tsuruga Castle was already large, Uesugi Kagekatsu started to build another castle on the outskirts of Aizuwakamatsu town, but it was never completed. After having sided with the <a href="/wiki/Toyotomi_clan" title="Toyotomi clan">Toyotomi clan</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Sekigahara_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekigahara campaign">Sekigahara campaign</a>, the Uesugi Clan was demoted in status and relocated to a much reduced <a href="/wiki/Yonezawa_Domain" title="Yonezawa Domain">Yonezawa Domain</a>. The domain was then assigned to <a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8D_Yoshiaki" title="Katō Yoshiaki">Katō Yoshiaki</a>, who was noted for his bravery at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shizugatake" title="Battle of Shizugatake">Battle of Shizugatake</a>. Under the Katō, the castle was reformed and a new layout was imposed on the surrounding <i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dkamachi" title="Jōkamachi">jōkamachi</a></i>. However, during a great earthquake in 1611, the castle was severely damaged, and the <i>tenshu</i> was rebuilt into the current configuration. The Katō were dispossessed in 1643 and were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Hoshina_Masayuki" title="Hoshina Masayuki">Hoshina Masayuki</a>, the illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Hidetada" title="Tokugawa Hidetada">Tokugawa Hidetada</a> and thus half-brother of <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a>. He later served a regent to the underage Shōgun <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Ietsuna" title="Tokugawa Ietsuna">Tokugawa Ietsuna</a>. Within Aizu, he developed commerce and agriculture, and established <a href="/wiki/Han_school" title="Han school">han school</a>, the <i>Nisshinkan</i>. His successors were permitted to take the "Matsudaira" surname. Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, Aizu Domain was an important <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa</a> stronghold in the <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku region</a> and was one of the strongest domains in terms of its military power. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakumatsu period">Bakumatsu period</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Katamori" title="Matsudaira Katamori">Matsudaira Katamori</a> was one of the Shōgunate's most able and loyalist supporters. After the defeat of the Shōgunate at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba-Fushimi" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Toba-Fushimi">Battle of Toba-Fushimi</a> and the abdication of power by Shōgun <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a>, Matsudaira become one of the leaders in the pro-Tokugawa alliance against the new <a href="/wiki/Meiji_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji government">Meiji government</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aizu" title="Battle of Aizu">Battle of Aizu</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a>, Tsuruga Castle was besieged by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Satch%C5%8D_Alliance" title="Satchō Alliance">Satchō Alliance</a> in October 1868. Although the castle was very strong by traditional standards, the new government army was equipped with western artillery, which was able to shell the castle from surrounding hills for over a month. Faced with the inevitable eventual defeat, Matsudaira surrendered the castle and his remaining forces in November. The surviving castle buildings, pockmarked by artillery during the siege and structurally unstable, were demolished by the new government in 1874. One <i>yagura</i> survived the destruction by being relocated to a Buddhist temple, Amida-ji, five-kilometers from the castle. </p><p>The castle site was mostly sold off to private landowners, with only the central portion (23 hectares) kept by the government for use by an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> garrison until 1908. This area forms the core of the modern National Historic Site. With the popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai">Byakkotai</a> story in pre-war Japan, a movement arose to preserve the site of the castle, and it was made into a public park. The National Historic Site status was granted in 1934,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the area still suffered from indignities, such as a <a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodrome</a> operating in the <a href="/wiki/Inner_bailey" title="Inner bailey">inner bailey</a> until 1957. In 1965, a reconstruction of the <i>tenshu</i> in concrete was completed as a symbol of the city. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently there is a museum inside, and an observation gallery on top with panoramic views of the city. A gate was completed at the same time. In 1991, a <i>yagura</i> and a connecting corridor were also reconstructed. </p><p>The tea room, named Rinkaku, has been restored and is designated as an Fukushima Prefecture Important Cultural Property. It is open to the public, and at times tea ceremonies are held there.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/220px--Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="24" data-mwtitle="Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm/Aizuwakamatsu_Castle_2017_12_3.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The castle on a sunny day, 2017</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary layout of the castle consists of an <a href="/wiki/Inner_bailey" title="Inner bailey">inner bailey</a> and three secondary enclosures to the west, north and east. The southern face of the castle was protected by a river. The inner bailey is pentagonal, with length of approximately 200 meters, surrounded by deep moats and tall stone walls. The area is divided internally by walls and corridors, and the <i>tenshu</i> is in the northwest corner. The original <i>tenshu</i> under the Gamō clan was a massive seven-story structure with black walls and gold <a href="/wiki/Roof_tile" class="mw-redirect" title="Roof tile">roof tiles</a>, similar to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a>. The <i>tenshu</i> rebuilt by the by Katō clan was smaller and was painted white. The secondary enclosures of the castle had clay ramparts, with stonework used in the gate areas. In the north and west of the central area were large bastions. </p><p>The total size of the castle area was 600 by 400 meters, but the castle town itself was also guarded by an outer barrier and the river, enclosing a square kilometer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Historic_Sites_of_Japan_(Fukushima)" title="List of Historic Sites of Japan (Fukushima)">List of Historic Sites of Japan (Fukushima)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bonari_Pass" title="Battle of Bonari Pass">Battle of Bonari Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byakkotai" title="Byakkotai">Byakkotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komine_Castle" title="Komine Castle">Komine Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cuetsu_Reppan_D%C5%8Dmei" title="Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei">Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Museum" title="Fukushima Museum">Fukushima Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-0UxAQAAIAAJ&q=Ashina+Moriuji&dq=Ashina+Moriuji"><i>Archives of Asian Art</i></a>. Asia Society. 1982-01-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archives+of+Asian+Art&rft.pub=Asia+Society&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-0UxAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DAshina%2BMoriuji%26dq%3DAshina%2BMoriuji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/137774">"若松城"</a> (in Japanese). <a href="/wiki/Agency_for_Cultural_Affairs" title="Agency for Cultural Affairs">Agency for Cultural Affairs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%8B%A5%E6%9D%BE%E5%9F%8E&rft.pub=Agency+for+Cultural+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbunka.nii.ac.jp%2Fheritages%2Fdetail%2F137774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404085325/http://www.jcastle.info/castle/profile/38-Aizu-Wakamatsu-Castle">"JCastle Profile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcastle.info/castle/profile/38-Aizu-Wakamatsu-Castle">the original</a> on 2012-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JCastle+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcastle.info%2Fcastle%2Fprofile%2F38-Aizu-Wakamatsu-Castle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetyze.com/en/japan/fukushima/tsuruga-castlewakamatsu-castle/information">"About Tsuruga Castle（Wakamatsu Castle） - Fukushima Travel Guide | Planetyze"</a>. <i>Planetyze</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetyze&rft.atitle=About+Tsuruga+Castle%EF%BC%88Wakamatsu+Castle%EF%BC%89+-+Fukushima+Travel+Guide+%7C+Planetyze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetyze.com%2Fen%2Fjapan%2Ffukushima%2Ftsuruga-castlewakamatsu-castle%2Finformation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenesch2019" class="citation book cs1">Benesch, Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg (2019). <i>Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108481946" title="Special:BookSources/9781108481946"><bdi>9781108481946</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Castles%3A+Citadels+of+Modernity+in+War+and+Peace&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781108481946&rft.aulast=Benesch&rft.aufirst=Oleg+and+Ran+Zwigenberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Lange2021" class="citation book cs1">De Lange, William (2021). <i>An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles</i>. Groningen: Toyo Press. p. 600. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9492722300" title="Special:BookSources/978-9492722300"><bdi>978-9492722300</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+Japanese+Castles&rft.place=Groningen&rft.pages=600&rft.pub=Toyo+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-9492722300&rft.aulast=De+Lange&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotoo1986" class="citation book cs1">Motoo, Hinago (1986). <i>Japanese Castles</i>. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87011-766-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87011-766-1"><bdi>0-87011-766-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Castles&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=200+pages&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-87011-766-1&rft.aulast=Motoo&rft.aufirst=Hinago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAizuwakamatsu+Castle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizuwakamatsu_Castle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:100_Fine_Castles_of_Japan" title="Template:100 Fine Castles of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:100_Fine_Castles_of_Japan" title="Template talk:100 Fine Castles of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:100_Fine_Castles_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:100 Fine Castles of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="100_Fine_Castles_of_Japan_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/100_Fine_Castles_of_Japan" title="100 Fine Castles of Japan">100 Fine Castles of Japan</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #b4b3b4;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkaid%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaidō">Hokkaidō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chashi" title="Chashi">Nemuro Peninsula Chashiato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gory%C5%8Dkaku" title="Goryōkaku">Goryōkaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumae_Castle" title="Matsumae Castle">Matsumae</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eight_regions_of_Japan_(en).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regions of Japan"><img alt="Regions of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg/150px-Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg/225px-Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg/300px-Eight_regions_of_Japan_%28en%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="1593" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #d16565;"><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_region" title="Tōhoku region">Tōhoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirosaki_Castle" title="Hirosaki Castle">Hirosaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Castle" title="Ne Castle">Ne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morioka_Castle" title="Morioka Castle">Morioka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aoba_Castle" title="Aoba Castle">Sendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taga_Castle" title="Taga Castle">Taga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubota_Castle" title="Kubota Castle">Kubota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamagata_Castle" title="Yamagata Castle">Yamagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonmatsu_Castle" title="Nihonmatsu Castle">Nihonmatsu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aizuwakamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komine_Castle" title="Komine Castle">Komine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #d4d640;"><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mito_Castle" title="Mito Castle">Mito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna-ji" title="Banna-ji">Banna-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minowa_Castle" title="Minowa Castle">Minowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanayama_Castle" title="Kanayama Castle">Kanayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachigata_Castle" title="Hachigata Castle">Hachigata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawagoe_Castle" title="Kawagoe Castle">Kawagoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakura_Castle" title="Sakura Castle">Sakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachi%C5%8Dji_Castle" title="Hachiōji Castle">Hachiōji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawara_Castle" title="Odawara Castle">Odawara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsutsujigasaki_Castle" title="Tsutsujigasaki Castle">Tsutsujigasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dfu_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōfu Castle">Kōfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsushiro_Castle" title="Matsushiro Castle">Matsushiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueda_Castle" title="Ueda Castle">Ueda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komoro_Castle" title="Komoro Castle">Komoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsumoto_Castle" title="Matsumoto Castle">Matsumoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takat%C5%8D_Castle" title="Takatō Castle">Takatō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibata_Castle" title="Shibata Castle">Shibata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasugayama_Castle" title="Kasugayama Castle">Kasugayama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #abffac;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABbu_region" title="Chūbu region">Chūbu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takaoka_Castle" title="Takaoka Castle">Takaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanao_Castle" title="Nanao Castle">Nanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanazawa_Castle" title="Kanazawa Castle">Kanazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maruoka_Castle" title="Maruoka Castle">Maruoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichij%C5%8Ddani_Asakura_Family_Historic_Ruins" title="Ichijōdani Asakura Family Historic Ruins">Ichijōdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwamura_Castle" title="Iwamura Castle">Iwamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifu_Castle" title="Gifu Castle">Gifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamanaka_Castle" title="Yamanaka Castle">Yamanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunpu_Castle" title="Sunpu Castle">Sunpu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakegawa_Castle" title="Kakegawa Castle">Kakegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuyama_Castle" title="Inuyama Castle">Inuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_Castle" title="Nagoya Castle">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okazaki_Castle" title="Okazaki Castle">Okazaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagashino_Castle" title="Nagashino Castle">Nagashino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iga_Ueno_Castle" title="Iga Ueno Castle">Iga Ueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsusaka_Castle" title="Matsusaka Castle">Matsusaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #dda9e6;"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odani_Castle" title="Odani Castle">Odani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikone_Castle" title="Hikone Castle">Hikone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azuchi_Castle" title="Azuchi Castle">Azuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannonji_Castle" title="Kannonji Castle">Kannonji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nij%C5%8D_Castle" title="Nijō Castle">Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihaya_Castle" title="Chihaya Castle">Chihaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Castle" title="Takeda Castle">Takeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasayama_Castle" title="Sasayama Castle">Sasayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akashi_Castle" title="Akashi Castle">Akashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himeji_Castle" title="Himeji Castle">Himeji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%8D_Castle" title="Akō Castle">Akō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takatori_Castle" title="Takatori Castle">Takatori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakayama_Castle" title="Wakayama Castle">Wakayama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #25d1c7;"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_region" title="Chūgoku region">Chūgoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tottori_Castle" title="Tottori Castle">Tottori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsue_Castle" title="Matsue Castle">Matsue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gassantoda_Castle" title="Gassantoda Castle">Gassantoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuwano_Castle" title="Tsuwano Castle">Tsuwano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuyama_Castle" title="Tsuyama Castle">Tsuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitch%C5%AB_Matsuyama_Castle" title="Bitchū Matsuyama Castle">Bitchū Matsuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_castle" title="Ki castle">Ki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama_Castle" title="Okayama Castle">Okayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukuyama_Castle" title="Fukuyama Castle">Fukuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshida-K%C5%8Driyama_Castle" title="Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle">Yoshida-Kōriyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshima_Castle" title="Hiroshima Castle">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakuni_Castle" title="Iwakuni Castle">Iwakuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagi_Castle" title="Hagi Castle">Hagi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #5db83f;"><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikoku region">Shikoku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokushima_Castle" title="Tokushima Castle">Tokushima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamatsu_Castle_(Sanuki)" title="Takamatsu Castle (Sanuki)">Takamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marugame_Castle" title="Marugame Castle">Marugame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imabari_Castle" title="Imabari Castle">Imabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsuyama_Castle_(Iyo)" title="Matsuyama Castle (Iyo)">Matsuyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzuki_Castle" title="Yuzuki Castle">Yuzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Czu_Castle" title="Ōzu Castle">Ōzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwajima_Castle" title="Uwajima Castle">Uwajima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Castle" title="Kōchi Castle">Kōchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.5em;;box-shadow: inset -0.5em 0 0 0 #e7c22b;"><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABsh%C5%AB_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyūshū region">Kyūshū</a><sup>a</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Castle" title="Fukuoka Castle">Fukuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cno_Castle_(Chikuzen_Province)" title="Ōno Castle (Chikuzen Province)">Ōno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_Castle_(Hizen_Province)" title="Nagoya Castle (Hizen Province)">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshinogari_site" title="Yoshinogari site">Yoshinogari site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Castle" title="Saga Castle">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirado_Castle" title="Hirado Castle">Hirado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Castle" title="Shimabara Castle">Shimabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_Castle" title="Kumamoto Castle">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitoyoshi_Castle" title="Hitoyoshi Castle">Hitoyoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai_Castle" title="Funai Castle">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka_Castle" title="Oka Castle">Oka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obi_Castle" title="Obi Castle">Obi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_Castle" title="Kagoshima Castle">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakijin_Castle" title="Nakijin Castle">Nakijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakagusuku_Castle" title="Nakagusuku Castle">Nakagusuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuri_Castle" title="Shuri Castle">Shuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup> including <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365061#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365061#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/253337583">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="鶴ヶ城"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00954847">Japan</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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