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Inside Our Accelerating, Expanding Universe - NASA Science</title> <meta name="description" content="Some 13.8 billion years ago, the universe began with a rapid expansion we call the big bang. After this initial expansion, which lasted a fraction of a"/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://science.nasa.gov/dark-energy/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="What is Dark Energy? Inside Our Accelerating, Expanding Universe - NASA Science" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Some 13.8 billion years ago, the universe began with a rapid expansion we call the big bang. 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2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Artemis</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://science.nasa.gov/?search=Expedition%2064"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" 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min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Captures a Star’s Swan Song</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>11 hours ago</span></div></div></a><a 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href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" target="_self"><span>Artemis</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" target="_self"><span>James Webb Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" target="_self"><span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" target="_self"><span>International Space Station</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/osiris-rex/" target="_self"><span>OSIRIS-REx</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Humans in Space</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/why-go-to-space/" target="_self"><span>Why Go to Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/astronauts/" target="_self"><span>Astronauts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/" target="_self"><span>Commercial Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/destinations/" target="_self"><span>Destinations</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" target="_self"><span>Spaceships and Rockets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/living-in-space/" target="_self"><span>Living in Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Earth</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/explore/" target="_self"><span>Explore Earth Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change/" target="_self"><span>Climate Change</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/" target="_self"><span>Earth, Our Planet</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/in-action/" target="_self"><span>Earth Science in Action</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/multimedia/" target="_self"><span>Earth Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/data/" target="_self"><span>Earth Data</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/" target="_self"><span>Earth Science Researchers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Solar System</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/sun/" target="_self"><span>The Sun</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mercury/" target="_self"><span>Mercury</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/venus/" target="_self"><span>Venus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" target="_self"><span>Earth</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/moon/" target="_self"><span>The Moon</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars/" target="_self"><span>Mars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter/" target="_self"><span>Jupiter</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/" target="_self"><span>Saturn</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/uranus/" target="_self"><span>Uranus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/neptune/" target="_self"><span>Neptune</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/dwarf-planets/" target="_self"><span>Pluto & Dwarf Planets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-meteors/" target="_self"><span>Asteroids, Comets & Meteors</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/" target="_self"><span>The Kuiper Belt</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/" target="_self"><span>The Oort Cloud</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/" target="_self"><span>Skywatching</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Universe</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" target="_self"><span>Exoplanets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" target="_self"><span>The Search for Life in the Universe</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" target="_self"><span>Stars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" 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target="_self"><span>STEM Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="global-nav__tertiary global-nav__col grid-col-4 usa-col" hidden> <div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-a-stars-swan-song/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/nebulae/planetary/Hubble_PNK4_55_potw2514a.jpg?w=1024" alt="Hubble Captures a Star’s Swan Song" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Captures a Star’s Swan Song</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>11 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/marshall/nasas-imap-arrives-at-nasa-marshall-for-testing-in-xrcf/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/beauty-shot-of-imap-in-chamber-25.jpg?w=1024" alt="NASA’s IMAP Arrives at NASA Marshall For Testing in XRCF " class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s IMAP Arrives at NASA Marshall For Testing in XRCF </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>7 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a 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class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a 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margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/caroline-cawthon-supporting-americas-future-in-low-earth-orbit/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/nasa-headshot-2023.jpg?w=1024" alt="Caroline Cawthon: Supporting America’s Future in Low Earth Orbit " class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Caroline Cawthon: Supporting America’s Future in Low Earth Orbit </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/johnson/back-to-earth-forward-to-the-future-nasas-spacex-crew-9-returns/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/nhq202503180003.jpg?w=1024" alt="Back to Earth, Forward to the Future: NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 Returns " class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Back to Earth, Forward to the Future: NASA’s SpaceX Crew-9 Returns </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 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style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/climate-adaptation-science-investigators-workgroup-casi/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/casi-banner-image-projected-temperature-change-in-the-2050s.png?w=1016" alt="Climate Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI)" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Climate Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI)</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/marshall/nasas-imap-arrives-at-nasa-marshall-for-testing-in-xrcf/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/beauty-shot-of-imap-in-chamber-25.jpg?w=1024" alt="NASA’s IMAP Arrives at NASA Marshall For Testing in XRCF " class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s IMAP Arrives at NASA Marshall For Testing in XRCF </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>7 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a 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style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>11 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasa-webbs-autopsy-of-planet-swallowed-by-star-yields-surprise/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/webb/science/2025/webb-STScI-01JRDSAN6M9GA4WW764A5THA7E-4K.tif?w=1024" alt="NASA Webb’s Autopsy of Planet Swallowed by Star Yields 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<svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 hours ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/eap-resources/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/eap-publications.png?w=1024" 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C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/eap-resources/fact-sheets/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?w=1024" alt="EAP Fact Sheets" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">EAP Fact Sheets</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/space-comms/deep-space-network/nasas-deep-space-network-starts-new-dish-marks-60-years-in-australia/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/1-canberra-complex-05-crop.jpg?w=1024" alt="NASA’s Deep Space Network Starts New Dish, Marks 60 Years in Australia" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Deep Space Network Starts New Dish, Marks 60 Years in Australia</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/tech-transfer-spinoffs/nasa-tech-developed-for-home-health-monitoring/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/pia25236-crop-web.jpg?w=1024" alt="NASA Tech Developed for Home Health Monitoring " class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Tech Developed for Home Health Monitoring </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/volunteer-review-panels/development-and-advancement-of-lunar-instrumentation-roses/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/psd/photojournal/pia/pia00/pia00268/PIA00268.jpg?w=1024" alt="Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (ROSES C.20)" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Development and Advancement of Lunar Instrumentation (ROSES C.20)</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 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target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/1-canberra-complex-05-crop.jpg?w=1024" alt="NASA’s Deep Space Network Starts New Dish, Marks 60 Years in Australia" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Deep Space Network Starts New Dish, Marks 60 Years in Australia</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/el-x-59-de-la-nasa-completa-las-pruebas-electromagneticas/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/afrc2025-0030-83.jpg?w=1024" alt="El X-59 de la NASA completa las pruebas electromagnéticas" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">El X-59 de la NASA completa las pruebas electromagnéticas</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 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</div> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:padding-right-4 margin-bottom-3 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-left mobile-skrim-top z-200"></div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="4537" height="4630" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=4537&h=4630&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="A flurry of bright white galaxies is stirring up this scene – captured in high resolution by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope. Known as galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, the group of galaxies is also bending and warping the light from more distant galaxies behind them, stretching and repeating their appearances. Webb’s near- and mid-infrared imaging – and highly detailed data known as spectra – will allow future researchers to finely catalog the precise compositions of galaxies in the early universe, which may ultimately reshape our understanding of how galaxies changed and evolved over billions of years." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="eager" decoding="async" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=4537&h=4630&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 4537w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=294&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 294w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=768&h=784&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=1003&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1003w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=1505&h=1536&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1505w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=2007&h=2048&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2007w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=50&h=51&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=392&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 392w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=588&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 588w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=882&h=900&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 882w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=1176&h=1200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1176w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/svs/a030000/a031100/a031186/deep-field-webb-STScI-01G8H1K2BCNATEZSKVRN9Z69SR.png?w=1960&h=2000&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1960w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 4537px) 100vw, 4537px" /></figure> </div> </div> </div><div class="toc-main-content hds-module grid-container grid-row grid-container-block padding-x-3 desktop:padding-0"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3 tablet-lg:padding-left-3 desktop:padding-left-0 desktop:padding-right-5 padding-left-0 padding-top-3"><div class="padding-y-2 usa-article-scroll-wrapper"> <div class="usa-article__scroll"> <div class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-left-3 padding-y-1"> <h2 class="margin-0 padding-0 text-uppercase heading-18">Contents</h2> </div> <ul class="usa-list usa-list__article-content usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-1" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-1">A Brief History</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-2" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-2">It All Started With Cepheids</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-3" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-3">Discovering an Expanding Universe</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-4" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-4">Expansion is Speeding Up, Supernovae Show</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-5" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-5">What Exactly is Dark Energy?</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-6" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-6">Vacuum Energy</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-7" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-7">Quintessence</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-8" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-8">Space Wrinkles</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-9" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-9">A Flaw in General Relativity</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-10" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-10">The Future</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div><div class="toc-main-content-2-column-section desktop:grid-col-9 desktop:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-left-5 padding-top-3"> <p>Some 13.8 billion years ago, the universe began with a rapid expansion we call the big bang. After this initial expansion, which lasted a fraction of a second, gravity started to slow the universe down. But the cosmos wouldn’t stay this way. Nine billion years after the universe began, its expansion started to speed up, driven by an unknown force that scientists have named <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/overview/building-blocks/#dark-energy">dark energy</a>.</p> <p>But what exactly <em>is </em>dark energy?</p> <p>The short answer is: We don't know. But we do know that it exists, it’s making the universe expand at an accelerating rate, and approximately 68.3 to 70% of the universe is dark energy.</p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=6667&h=3750&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint"><img width="6667" height="3750" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=6667&h=3750&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=6667&h=3750&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 6667w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=300&h=169&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=768&h=432&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=1024&h=576&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=1536&h=864&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=2048&h=1152&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2048w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=400&h=225&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=600&h=337&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=900&h=506&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=1200&h=675&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2020/09/universe-history.png?w=2000&h=1125&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 6667px) 100vw, 6667px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">The history of the universe is outlined in this infographic.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA</div></figcaption></div></div></div> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-1"><strong>A Brief History</strong></h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-2"><strong>It All Started With Cepheids</strong></h3> <p>Dark energy wasn't discovered until the late 1990s. But its origin in scientific study stretches all the way back to 1912 when American astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt made an important discovery using Cepheid variables, a class of stars whose brightness fluctuates with a regularity that depends on the star's brightness.</p> <p>All Cepheid stars with a certain period (a Cepheid’s period is the time it takes to go from bright, to dim, and bright again) have the same absolute magnitude, or luminosity – the amount of light they put out. Leavitt measured these stars and proved that there is a relationship between their regular period of brightness and luminosity. Leavitt’s findings made it possible for astronomers to use a star’s period and luminosity to measure the distances between us and Cepheid stars in far-off galaxies (and our own Milky Way).</p> <p>Around this same time in history, astronomer Vesto Slipher observed spiral galaxies using his telescope’s spectrograph, a device that splits light into the colors that make it up, much like the way a prism splits light into a rainbow. He used the spectrograph, a relatively recent invention at the time, to see the different wavelengths of light coming from the galaxies in different spectral lines. With his observations, Silpher was the first astronomer to observe how quickly the galaxy was moving away from us, called redshift, in distant galaxies. These observations would prove to be critical for many future scientific breakthroughs, including the discovery of dark energy.</p> <p>Redshift is a term used when astronomical objects are moving away from us and the light coming from those objects stretches out. Light behaves like a wave, and red light has the longest wavelength. So, the light coming from objects moving away from us has a longer wavelength, stretching to the “red end” of the electromagnetic.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-3"><strong>Discovering an Expanding Universe</strong></h3> <p>The discovery of galactic redshift, the period-luminosity relation of Cepheid variables, and a newfound ability to gauge a star or galaxy’s distance eventually played a role in astronomers observing that galaxies were getting farther away from us over time, which showed how the universe was expanding. In the years that followed, different scientists around the world started to put the pieces of an expanding universe together.</p> <p>In 1922, Russian scientist and mathematician Alexander Friedmann published a paper detailing multiple possibilities for the history of the universe. The paper, which was based on Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity published in 1917, included the possibility that the universe is expanding.</p> <p>In 1927, Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître, who is said to have been unaware of Friedmann’s work, published a paper also factoring in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. And, while Einstein stated in his theory that the universe was static, Lemaître showed how the equations in Einstein’s theory actually support the idea that the universe is not static but, in fact, is actually expanding.</p> <p>Astronomer Edwin Hubble confirmed that the universe was expanding in 1929 using observations made by his associate, astronomer Milton Humason. Humason measured the redshift of spiral galaxies. Hubble and Humason then studied Cepheid stars in those galaxies, using the stars to determine the distance of their galaxies (or nebulae, as they called them). They compared the distances of these galaxies to their redshift and tracked how the farther away an object is, the bigger its redshift and the faster it is moving away from us. The pair found that objects like galaxies are moving away from Earth faster the farther away they are, at upwards of hundreds of thousands of miles per second – an observation now known as Hubble’s Law, or the Hubble-Lemaître law. The universe, they confirmed, is really expanding.</p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"><div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-wide"><div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"><figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=864&h=864&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint"><img width="864" height="864" src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=864&h=864&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Abell 2744: Pandora's Cluster Revealed" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=864&h=864&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 864w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=150&h=150&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 150w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=300&h=300&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=768&h=768&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=50&h=50&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 50w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=100&h=100&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 100w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=200&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 200w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=400&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/cds/general/images/2023/04/a2744.jpg?w=600&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"><div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">This composite image features one of the most complicated and dramatic collisions between galaxy clusters ever seen. Known officially as Abell 2744, this system has been dubbed Pandora’s Cluster because of the wide variety of different structures found. Data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory (red) show gas with temperatures of millions of degrees. In blue is a map showing the total mass concentration (mostly dark matter) based on data from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope, the VLT (Very Large Telescope), and the Subaru telescope. Optical data from Hubble and VLT also show the constituent galaxies of the clusters. Astronomers think at least four galaxy clusters coming from a variety of directions are involved with this collision.</div><div class="hds-credits">NASA, ESA, J. Merten (Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Heidelberg/Astronomical Observatory of Bologna), and D. Coe (STScI)</div></figcaption></div></div></div> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-4"><strong>Expansion is Speeding Up, Supernovae Show</strong></h3> <p>Scientists previously thought that the universe's expansion would likely be slowed down by gravity over time, an expectation backed by Einstein's theory of general relativity. But in 1998, everything changed when two different teams of astronomers observing far-off supernovae noticed that (at a certain redshift) the stellar explosions were dimmer than expected. These groups were led by astronomers Adam Riess, Saul Perlmutter, and Brian Schmidt. This trio won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.</p> <p>While dim supernovae might not seem like a major find, these astronomers were looking at <a href="https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/Type_Ia_Supernovae.html">Type 1a supernovae</a>, which are known to have a certain level of luminosity. So they knew that there must be another factor making these objects appear dimmer. Scientists can determine distance (and speed) using an objects' brightness, and dimmer objects are typically farther away (though surrounding dust and other factors can cause an object to dim).</p> <p>This led the scientists to conclude that these supernovae were just much farther away than they expected by looking at their redshifts.</p> <p>Using the objects’ brightness, the researchers determined the distance of these supernovae. And using the spectrum, they were able to figure out the objects’ redshift and, therefore, how fast they were moving away from us. They found that the supernovae were not as close as expected, meaning they had traveled farther away from us faster than anticipated. These observations led scientists to ultimately conclude that the universe itself must be expanding faster over time.</p> <p>While other possible explanations for these observations have been explored, astronomers studying even more distant supernovae or other cosmic phenomena in more recent years continued to gather evidence and build support for the idea that the universe is expanding faster over time, a phenomenon now called cosmic acceleration. </p> <p>But, as scientists built up a case for cosmic acceleration, they also asked: Why? What could be driving the universe to stretch out faster over time?</p> <p>Enter dark energy.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-5"><strong>What Exactly <em>is</em> Dark Energy?</strong></h2> <p>Right now, dark energy is just the name that astronomers gave to the mysterious "something" that is causing the universe to expand at an accelerated rate.</p> <p>Dark energy has been described by some as having the effect of a negative pressure that is pushing space outward. However, we don't know if dark energy has the effect of any type of force at all. There are many ideas floating around about what dark energy could possibly be. Here are four leading explanations for dark energy. Keep in mind that it's possible it's something else entirely.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-6">Vacuum Energy</h3> <p>Some scientists think that dark energy is a fundamental, ever-present background energy in space known as vacuum energy, which could be equal to the cosmological constant, a mathematical term in the equations of Einstein's theory of general relativity. Originally, the constant existed to counterbalance gravity, resulting in a static universe. But when Hubble confirmed that the universe was actually expanding, Einstein removed the constant, calling it “my biggest blunder,” according to physicist George Gamow.</p> <p>But when it was later discovered that the universe’s expansion was actually accelerating, some scientists suggested that there might actually be a non-zero value to the previously-discredited cosmological constant. They suggested that this additional force would be necessary to accelerate the expansion of the universe. This theorized that this mystery component could be attributed to something called “vacuum energy,” which is a theoretical background energy permeating all of space.</p> <p>Space is never exactly empty. According to quantum field theory, there are virtual particles, or pairs of particles and antiparticles. It's thought that these virtual particles cancel each other out almost as soon as they crop up in the universe, and that this act of popping in and out of existence could be made possible by “vacuum energy” that fills the cosmos and pushes space outward.</p> <p>While this theory has been a popular topic of discussion, scientists investigating this option have calculated how much vacuum energy there should theoretically be in space. They showed that there should either be so much vacuum energy that, at the very beginning, the universe would have expanded outwards so quickly and with so much force that no stars or galaxies could have formed, or… there should be absolutely none. This means that the amount of vacuum energy in the cosmos must be much smaller than it is in these predictions. However, this discrepancy has yet to be solved and has even earned the moniker "the cosmological constant problem."</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-7">Quintessence</h3> <p>Some scientists think that dark energy could be a type of energy fluid or field that fills space, behaves in an opposite way to normal matter, and can vary in its amount and distribution throughout both time and space. This hypothesized version of dark energy has been nicknamed quintessence after the theoretical fifth element discussed by ancient Greek philosophers.</p> <p>It's even been suggested by some scientists that quintessence could be some combination of dark energy and dark matter, though the two are currently considered completely separate from one another. While the two are both major mysteries to scientists, dark matter is thought to make up about 85% of all matter in the universe.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-8">Space Wrinkles</h3> <p>Some scientists think that dark energy could be a sort of defect in the fabric of the universe itself; defects like cosmic strings, which are hypothetical one-dimensional "wrinkles" thought to have formed in the early universe. </p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-9">A Flaw in General Relativity</h3> <p>Some scientists think that dark energy isn't something physical that we can discover. Rather, they think there could be an issue with general relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity and how it works on the scale of the observable universe. Within this explanation, scientists think that it's possible to modify our understanding of gravity in a way that explains observations of the universe made without the need for dark energy. Einstein actually proposed such an idea in 1919 called unimodular gravity, a modified version of general relativity that scientists today think wouldn't require dark energy to make sense of the universe.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="hds-sidebar-nav-10"><strong>The Future</strong></h2> <p>Dark energy is one of the great mysteries of the universe. For decades, scientists have theorized about our expanding universe. Now, for the first time ever, we have tools powerful enough to put these theories to the test and really investigate the big question: “what is dark energy?”</p> <p>NASA plays a critical role in the ESA (European Space Agency) mission <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/euclid">Euclid</a> (launched in 2023), which will make a 3D map of the universe to see how matter has been pulled apart by dark energy over time. This map will include observations of billions of galaxies found up to 10 billion light-years from Earth.</p> <p>NASA's <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/roman-space-telescope/">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a>, set to launch by May 2027, is designed to investigate dark energy, among many other science topics, and will also create a 3D dark matter map. Roman's resolution will be as sharp as NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope's, but with a field of view 100 times larger, allowing it to capture more expansive images of the universe. This will allow scientists to map how matter is structured and spread across the universe and explore how dark energy behaves and has changed over time. Roman will also conduct an additional survey to detect Type Ia supernovae.</p> <p>In addition to NASA’s missions and efforts, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, supported by a large collaboration that includes the U.S. National Science Foundation, which is currently under construction in Chile, is also poised to support our growing understanding of dark energy. The ground-based observatory is expected to be operational in 2025.</p> <p>The combined efforts of Euclid, Roman, and Rubin will usher in a new “golden age” of cosmology, in which scientists will collect more detailed information than ever about the great mysteries of dark energy.<br>Additionally, NASA's <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (launched in 2021), the world’s most powerful and largest space telescope, aims to make contributions to several areas of research, and will contribute to studies of dark energy.</p> <p>NASA's <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/spherex">SPHEREx</a> (the Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) mission, scheduled to launch no later than April 2025, aims to investigate the origins of the universe. Scientists expect that the data collected with SPHEREx, which will survey the entire sky in near-infrared light, including over 450 million galaxies, could help to further our understanding of dark energy.</p> <p>NASA also supports a citizen science project called <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/citizenscience/become-a-dark-energy-explorer">Dark Energy Explorers</a>, which enables anyone in the world, even those who have no scientific training, to help in the search for dark energy answers.</p> <p><strong><em>*A brief note*</em></strong></p> <p><em>Lastly, to clarify, dark energy is not the same as dark matter. Their main similarity is that we don't yet know what they are!</em></p> <p><strong>By Chelsea Gohd<br>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory</strong></p> </div></div><div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 bg-spacesuit-white color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-news-automated"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3"> <div class="desktop:grid-col margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <h2 class="section-heading-md">Latest News</h2> </div> <div class="desktop:grid-col display-flex flex-align-center desktop:flex-justify-end"> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col"><div class="grid-row latest-news-items"><div class="grid-col mobile:grid-col tablet:grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-7 latest-news-item latest-news-item-0 margin-bottom-2 -tablet:margin-bottom-0 desktop:margin-bottom-0 padding-right-0 tablet:padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-2"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/team-preps-to-study-dark-energy-via-exploding-stars-with-nasas-roman/" class="tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item "><div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"><div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200"><div class="display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><span>Article</span></div><div class="display-block"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">6 Min Read</div><p class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0"><span>Team Preps to Study Dark Energy via Exploding Stars With NASA’s Roman</span></p></div></div><figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/supernova-sparkles-1.gif?w=1024 1024w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/supernova-sparkles-1.gif?w=1024px" ></figure></div></a></div><div class="tablet:grid-col desktop:grid-col-5 grid-row latest-news-items"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/universe/new-simulated-universe-previews-panoramas-from-nasas-roman-telescope/" class="tablet:grid-col latest-news-item news-item "><div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"><div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-column flex-align-start flex-justify-start z-200"><div class="display-flex flex-align-center label color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-auto"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><span>Article</span></div><div class="display-block"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">6 Min Read</div><p class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white margin-0"><span>New Simulated Universe Previews Panoramas From NASA’s Roman Telescope</span></p></div></div><figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/openuniverse-roman-field-still-v2.jpg?w=1024 1024w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/openuniverse-roman-field-still-v2.jpg?w=1024px" ></figure></div></a></div></div><div class="grid-row padding-top-2 desktop:padding-top-3"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/nasa-successfully-integrates-roman-missions-telescope-instruments/" class="mobile:grid-col-6 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col padding-left-0 padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-2 padding-bottom-4 desktop:padding-bottom-0"> <div class="display-flex hds-news-item-bubble"><div class="padding-right-3"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black circle-10 minw-10 maxh-10 minh-10"><figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ipa-ssdif-1124-copy-2.jpg?w=150 150w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ipa-ssdif-1124-copy-2.jpg?w=150px" ></figure></div></div><div><div class="label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-black">4 Min Read</div><p class="heading-14 color-carbon-black line-height-md margin-top-1 margin-bottom-1">NASA Successfully Integrates Roman Mission’s Telescope, Instruments</p><div class="display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-auto"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><span>Article</span></div></div></div></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/euclid/snippet-of-euclid-missions-cosmic-atlas-released-by-esa/" class="mobile:grid-col-6 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col padding-left-0 padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-2 padding-bottom-4 desktop:padding-bottom-0"> <div class="display-flex hds-news-item-bubble"><div class="padding-right-3"><div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black circle-10 minw-10 maxh-10 minh-10"><figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" data-no-id="true" sizes="auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?w=150 150w" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/1-euclid-mosaicr1.jpg?w=150px" ></figure></div></div><div><div class="label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-black">5 Min Read</div><p class="heading-14 color-carbon-black line-height-md margin-top-1 margin-bottom-1">Snippet of Euclid Mission’s Cosmic Atlas Released by ESA</p><div class="display-flex flex-align-center label color-carbon-60 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y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg><span>Article</span></div></div></div></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3"> <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div> <h2 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https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/spiral-galaxy-jpg.webp?resize=900,704 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></figure> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Black Holes</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="1536" height="1536" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp 4096w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=150,150 150w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=300,300 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=768,768 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=50,50 50w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=100,100 100w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=200,200 200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=400,400 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=600,600 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=900,900 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/blackhole-binary-mainsequence-jpg.webp?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Stars</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="1536" height="864" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp 1920w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=600,338 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/may102022-x1pt5flare-171-131-304-jpg.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/the-big-bang/" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>The Big Bang</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="1536" height="768" src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?w=1536" class="attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp 2048w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=300,150 300w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=768,384 768w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=1024,512 1024w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=1536,768 1536w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=400,200 400w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=600,300 600w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=900,450 900w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=1200,600 1200w, https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/universehistory-jpg.webp?resize=2000,1000 2000w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" /></figure> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div></article> 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