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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparison_with_pedunculate_oak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_with_pedunculate_oak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Comparison with pedunculate oak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_with_pedunculate_oak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subspecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subspecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Subspecies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subspecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diseases_and_pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diseases_and_pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diseases and pests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diseases_and_pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pontfadog_Oak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pontfadog_Oak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pontfadog Oak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pontfadog_Oak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Quercus petraea</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="سنديان صخري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سنديان صخري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qayal%C4%B1q_pal%C4%B1d%C4%B1" title="Qayalıq palıdı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qayalıq palıdı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Дуб скальны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дуб скальны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%B1" title="Зимен дъб – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зимен дъб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrast_kitnjak" title="Hrast kitnjak – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hrast kitnjak" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roure_de_fulla_grossa" title="Roure de fulla grossa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roure de fulla grossa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dub_zimn%C3%AD" title="Dub zimní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dub zimní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derwen_mes_di-goes" title="Derwen mes di-goes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Derwen mes di-goes" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintereg" title="Vintereg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vintereg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traubeneiche" title="Traubeneiche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Traubeneiche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivitamm" title="Kivitamm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kivitamm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigfolia_kverko" title="Tigfolia kverko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tigfolia kverko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haritz_kandugabe" title="Haritz kandugabe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haritz kandugabe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88" title="سفیدمازو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سفیدمازو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dair_ghaelach" title="Dair ghaelach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dair ghaelach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darach_neo-ghasagach" title="Darach neo-ghasagach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Darach neo-ghasagach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carballo_albari%C3%B1o" title="Carballo albariño – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carballo albariño" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Կաղնի ոսկեգույն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաղնի ոսկեգույն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C4%87ikaty_dub" title="Čećikaty dub – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čećikaty dub" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrast_kitnjak" title="Hrast kitnjak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hrast kitnjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetrareik" title="Vetrareik – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vetrareik" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derow" title="Derow – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Derow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klin%C5%A1u_ozols" title="Klinšu ozols – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klinšu ozols" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekotis_%C4%85%C5%BEuolas" title="Bekotis ąžuolas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bekotis ąžuolas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kocs%C3%A1nytalan_t%C3%B6lgy" title="Kocsánytalan tölgy – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kocsánytalan tölgy" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Горун – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Горун" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B5%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89" title="سنديان صخرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سنديان صخرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wintereik" title="Wintereik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wintereik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A6%E3%83%8A%E3%83%A9" title="フユナラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フユナラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonteriakebuum" title="Wonteriakebuum – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wonteriakebuum" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintereik" title="Vintereik – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vintereik" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintereik" title="Vintereik – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vintereik" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7" title="سیسل بلوط – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیسل بلوط" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%85b_bezszypu%C5%82kowy" title="Dąb bezszypułkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dąb bezszypułkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" title="Quercus petraea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quercus petraea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorun" title="Gorun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gorun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruver_puschl%C3%A0" title="Ruver puschlà – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Ruver puschlà" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Дуб скальный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дуб скальный" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sessile_Oak&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sessile Oak">Sessile Oak</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family Fagaceae</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Quercus petraea</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_petraea_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Quercus_petraea_06.jpg/220px-Quercus_petraea_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Quercus_petraea_06.jpg/330px-Quercus_petraea_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Quercus_petraea_06.jpg/440px-Quercus_petraea_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1917" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A mature tree </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Quercus_sect._Quercus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak"><i>Quercus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quercus_subg._Quercus" title="Quercus subg. Quercus"><i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Quercus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Section: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quercus_sect._Quercus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus sect. Quercus"><i>Quercus <span style="font-style:normal;">sect.</span> Quercus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Q. petraea</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Quercus petraea</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gottfried_von_Mattuschka" title="Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka">Matt.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kaspar_Lieblein" title="Franz Kaspar Lieblein">Liebl.</a><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><a href="#Subspecies">See text</a>. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_petraea_range.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Quercus_petraea_range.svg/220px-Quercus_petraea_range.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Quercus_petraea_range.svg/330px-Quercus_petraea_range.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Quercus_petraea_range.svg/440px-Quercus_petraea_range.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1418" data-file-height="850" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution map </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-TPL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus robur</i> var. <i>petraea</i> <small>Matt.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus brevipedunculata</i> <small>Cariot & St.-Lag.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus calcarea</i> <small>Troitsky</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus columbaria</i> <small>Vuk.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus coriacea</i> <small>Bechst.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus coronensis</i> <small>Schur</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus decipiens</i> <small>Behlen</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus dispar</i> <small>Raf.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus durinus</i> <small>Raf.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus erythroneura</i> <small>Vuk.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus esculus</i> <small>L.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus longipetiolata</i> <small>Schur</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus mas</i> <small>Thore</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus mespilifolia</i> <small>Wallr.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus peraffinis</i> <small>Gand.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus petiolata</i> <small>Schur</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus regalis</i> <small>Burnett ex Endl.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus sessiliflora</i> <small>Salisb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus sessilis</i> <small>Ehrh. ex Schur</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus spathulifolia</i> <small>Vuk.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus sphaerocarpa</i> <small>Vuk.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus sublobata</i> <small>Kit.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus huguetiana</i> <small>(Franco & G.López) Rivas Mart.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus colchica</i> <small>Czeczott</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus dshorochensis</i> <small>K.Koch</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus hypochrysa</i> <small>Steven</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus iberica</i> <small>Steven ex M.Bieb.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus kochiana</i> <small>O.Schwarz</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus kozlowskyi</i> <small>Woronow ex Grossh.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus lamprophyllos</i> <small>K.Koch</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus polycarpa</i> <small>Schur</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus sorocarpa</i> <small>Woronow ex Maleev</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus szowitzii</i> <small>Wenz.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus abietum</i> <small>Kotschy ex A.DC.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus cedrorum</i> <small>Kotschy</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus ibicis</i> <small>Kotschy ex A.DC.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus pinnatiloba</i> <small>K.Koch</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus subalpina</i> <small>Kotschy ex A.DC.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Quercus tergestina</i> <small>Wenz.</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">plus a long list of invalid names and another long list of names below the species level </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Quercus petraea</b></i>, commonly known as the <b>sessile oak</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-BSBI07_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSBI07-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Cornish oak</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Irish oak</b> or <b>durmast oak</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> tree <a href="/wiki/Native_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plant">native</a> to most of Europe and into <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. The sessile oak is the national tree of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an unofficial emblem in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quercus_petraea" title="Special:EditPage/Quercus petraea">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Quercus+petraea%22">"Quercus petraea"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Quercus+petraea%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Quercus+petraea%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Quercus+petraea%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Quercus+petraea%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Quercus+petraea%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The sessile oak is a large <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a> up to 40 metres (130 feet) tall,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/White_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="White oak">white oak</a> section of the genus (<i>Quercus</i> sect. <i>Quercus</i>) and similar to the <a href="/wiki/Pedunculate_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedunculate oak">pedunculate oak</a> (<i>Q. robur</i>), with which it overlaps extensively in range. The <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a> are <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>7–14 centimetres (<span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">5<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inches) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4–8 cm (<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–3 in) broad, evenly lobed with five to six lobes on each side and a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1 cm-long (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">petiole</a>. The male <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> are grouped into <a href="/wiki/Catkin" title="Catkin">catkins</a>, produced in the spring. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorn</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2–3 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>–<span class="frac">1<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) long and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1–2 cm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>–<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> in) broad, which matures in about six months. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old sacred oak (zapis) in Divljana, Serbia"><img alt="Old sacred oak (zapis) in Divljana, Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg/340px-Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg/511px-Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg/680px-Divljanski_stari_hrast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old sacred oak (<a href="/wiki/Zapis" title="Zapis">zapis</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Divljana" title="Divljana">Divljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quercus_petraea_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shoot with leaves and acorn"><img alt="Shoot with leaves and acorn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Quercus_petraea_02.jpg/340px-Quercus_petraea_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="227" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Quercus_petraea_02.jpg/511px-Quercus_petraea_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Quercus_petraea_02.jpg/680px-Quercus_petraea_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shoot with leaves and acorn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="An inosculated tree"><img alt="An inosculated tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG/191px-Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG" decoding="async" width="128" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG/286px-Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG/381px-Eglinton_fish_pond_island_inosculated_Q._petraea.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Inosculation" title="Inosculation">inosculated</a> tree</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparison_with_pedunculate_oak">Comparison with pedunculate oak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparison with pedunculate oak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Significant <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> differences from <a href="/wiki/Pedunculate_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedunculate oak">pedunculate oak</a> (<i>Q. robur</i>) include the stalked leaves, and the stalkless (sessile) <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorns</a> from which one of its common names is derived. (With the pedunculate oak, it is the acorns which are pedunculate, i.e. on stalks, while the leaves are not.) It occurs in upland areas of altitudes over 300 m (984 ft) with higher rainfall and shallow, acidic, sandy soils. Its <a href="/wiki/Botanical_name#Binary_name" title="Botanical name">specific epithet</a> <i>petraea</i> means "of rocky places".<sup id="cite_ref-RHSLG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHSLG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Q. robur</i>, on the other hand, prefers deeper, richer soils at lower altitude. Fertile <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a> with <i>Quercus robur</i> named <i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_%C3%97_rosacea" title="Quercus × rosacea">Quercus × rosacea</a></i> are found wherever the two parent species occur and share or are intermediate in characters between the parents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>, in Chapter II of <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></i>, noted that the sessile and pedunculate oaks had been described as both distinct species and mere varieties depending on the authority consulted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Quercus petraea</i> was first described by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gottfried_von_Mattuschka" title="Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka">Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka</a> in 1777 as a variety of <i>Quercus robur</i>, <i>Quercus robur</i> var. <i>petraea</i>. It was raised to a full species by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kaspar_Lieblein" title="Franz Kaspar Lieblein">Franz Kaspar Lieblein</a> in 1784.<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_359961-1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_359961-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subspecies">Subspecies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subspecies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of March 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> accepted five subspecies:<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_359961-1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO_359961-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Quercus petraea</i> subsp. <i>austrotyrrhenica</i> <small>Brullo, Guarino & Siracusa</small></li> <li><i>Quercus petraea</i> subsp. <i>huguetiana</i> <small>Franco & G.López</small></li> <li><i>Quercus petraea</i> subsp. <i>petraea</i></li> <li><i>Quercus petraea</i> subsp. <i>pinnatiloba</i> <small>(K.Koch) Menitsky</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercus_petraea_subsp._polycarpa" title="Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa"><i>Quercus petraea</i> subsp. polycarpa<i></i></a> <small>(Schur) Soó</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diseases_and_pests">Diseases and pests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diseases and pests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_oak_decline" title="Acute oak decline">Acute oak decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudden_oak_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudden oak death">Sudden oak death</a></li> <li>The Welsh oak longhorn beetle (<i><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhidium_sanguineum" title="Pyrrhidium sanguineum">Pyrrhidium sanguineum</a></i>) is named after its host tree; the larvae feed at the bark interface of dead wood.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sessile oak is one of the most important species in Europe both economically and ecologically. Oak timber is traditionally used for building, ships and furniture. Today the best woods are used for quality <a href="/wiki/Cabinetmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinetmaking">cabinetmaking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wood_veneer" title="Wood veneer">veneers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">barrel</a> staves.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rougher material is used for <a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">fence</a> construction, roof beams and specialist building work. The wood also has antimicrobial properties.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also a good <a href="/wiki/Fuel_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel wood">fuel wood</a>. During autumns with good acorn crops (the mast years), animals are traditionally grazed under the trees to fatten them.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pontfadog_Oak">Pontfadog Oak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pontfadog Oak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pontfadog_Oak" title="Pontfadog Oak">Pontfadog Oak</a>, once considered to be the oldest oak tree in the UK, was a sessile oak. This grew near <a href="/wiki/Chirk" title="Chirk">Chirk</a> in North Wales. It was understood to be over 1,200 years old, an age that was due to regular <a href="/wiki/Pollarding" title="Pollarding">pollarding</a> for much of its life. The hollow trunk had a girth of 12.9 m (42 ft 5 in). It was lost in April 2013 when it blew down in high winds.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGorener,_V.Khela,_S.Barstow,_M.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gorener, V.; Khela, S.; Barstow, M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62539/3116237">"<i>Quercus petraea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2017</b>: e.T62539A3116237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62539A3116237.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62539A3116237.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Quercus+petraea&rft.volume=2017&rft.pages=e.T62539A3116237&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62539A3116237.en&rft.au=Gorener%2C+V.&rft.au=Khela%2C+S.&rft.au=Barstow%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F62539%2F3116237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TPL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TPL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-174374">"<i>Quercus petraea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families" title="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">The Plant List</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Checklist+of+Selected+Plant+Families&rft.atitle=Quercus+petraea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theplantlist.org%2Ftpl1.1%2Frecord%2Fkew-174374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span> Note that this website has been superseded by <a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">World Flora Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BSBI07-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BSBI07_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBSBI2007" class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626140254/http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls"><i>BSBI List 2007</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(xls)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Botanical_Society_of_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland">Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bsbi.org/download/3542/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(xls)</span> on 26 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BSBI+List+2007&rft.pub=Botanical+Society+of+Britain+and+Ireland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbsbi.org%2Fdownload%2F3542%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530112611/http://www.arkive.org/sessile-oak/quercus-petraea/">"Sessile oak"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ARKive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="ARKive.org">ARKive.org</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arkive.org/sessile-oak/quercus-petraea/">the original</a> on 30 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARKive.org&rft.atitle=Sessile+oak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arkive.org%2Fsessile-oak%2Fquercus-petraea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=30730">"<i>Quercus petraea</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Quercus+petraea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D30730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mitchell, Alan (1974). "Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe (Collins Field Guide)", HarperCollins Distribution Services, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002120356" title="Special:BookSources/0002120356">0002120356</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/3920051.stm">"Tree trail with worldwide flavour"</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, 23 July 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2009" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2009). <i>The complete guide to national symbols and emblems</i>. 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Liebl., Quercus robur L.) in dependence of environment and neighborhood"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>10</b> (8). e0134935. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1034935A">2015PLoSO..1034935A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0134935">10.1371/journal.pone.0134935</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534096">4534096</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26266803">26266803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Regeneration+patterns+of+European+oak+species+%28Quercus+petraea+%28Matt.%29+Liebl.%2C+Quercus+robur+L.%29+in+dependence+of+environment+and+neighborhood.&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=e0134935&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4534096%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26266803&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0134935&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015PLoSO..1034935A&rft.aulast=Annigh%C3%B6fer&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Becksch%C3%A4fer%2C+Philip&rft.au=Vor%2C+Torsten&rft.au=Ammer%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4534096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RHSLG-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RHSLG_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2012" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Lorraine (2012). <i>RHS Latin for gardeners</i>. 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"Wood materials for limiting the bacterial reservoir on surfaces in hospitals: would it be worthwhile to go further?". <i>Future Microbiology</i>. <b>15</b> (15): 1431–1437. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2217%2Ffmb-2019-0339">10.2217/fmb-2019-0339</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33156723">33156723</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226276130">226276130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Future+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Wood+materials+for+limiting+the+bacterial+reservoir+on+surfaces+in+hospitals%3A+would+it+be+worthwhile+to+go+further%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=1431-1437&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226276130%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33156723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2217%2Ffmb-2019-0339&rft.aulast=Munir&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft.au=Aviat%2C+Florence&rft.au=Lepelletier%2C+Didier&rft.au=Pape%2C+Patrice+Le&rft.au=Dubreil%2C+Laurence&rft.au=Irle%2C+Mark&rft.au=Federighi%2C+Michel&rft.au=Belloncle%2C+Christophe&rft.au=Eveillard%2C+Matthieu&rft.au=Pailhori%C3%A8s%2C+H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenMunirAviatLepelletier2020" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Ju-Chi; Munir, Muhammad Tanveer; Aviat, Florence; Lepelletier, Didier; Le Pape, Patrice; Dubreil, Laurence; Irle, Mark; Federighi, Michel; Belloncle, Christophe; Eveillard, Matthieu; Pailhoriès, Hélène (13 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698295">"Survival of Bacterial Strains on Wood (Quercus petraea) Compared to Polycarbonate, Aluminum and Stainless Steel"</a>. <i>Antibiotics</i>. <b>9</b> (11): 804. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fantibiotics9110804">10.3390/antibiotics9110804</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7698295">7698295</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33202723">33202723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antibiotics&rft.atitle=Survival+of+Bacterial+Strains+on+Wood+%28Quercus+petraea%29+Compared+to+Polycarbonate%2C+Aluminum+and+Stainless+Steel&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=804&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7698295%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33202723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fantibiotics9110804&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Ju-Chi&rft.au=Munir%2C+Muhammad+Tanveer&rft.au=Aviat%2C+Florence&rft.au=Lepelletier%2C+Didier&rft.au=Le+Pape%2C+Patrice&rft.au=Dubreil%2C+Laurence&rft.au=Irle%2C+Mark&rft.au=Federighi%2C+Michel&rft.au=Belloncle%2C+Christophe&rft.au=Eveillard%2C+Matthieu&rft.au=Pailhori%C3%A8s%2C+H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7698295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDucousso,_A.Bordacs,_S.2004" class="citation cs2">Ducousso, A. & Bordacs, S. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002020448/http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin//templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Technical_guidelines/1038_Technical_guidelines_for_genetic_conservation_and_use_for_Pedunculate_and_sessile_oaks__Quercus_robur__and__Quercus_petraea_.pdf"><i>Pedunculate and sessile oaks – </i>Quercus robur<i>/</i>Quercus petraea<i>: Technical guidelines for genetic conservation and use</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/European_Forest_Genetic_Resources_Programme" title="European Forest Genetic Resources Programme">European Forest Genetic Resources Programme</a>, p. 6, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin//templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Technical_guidelines/1038_Technical_guidelines_for_genetic_conservation_and_use_for_Pedunculate_and_sessile_oaks__Quercus_robur__and__Quercus_petraea_.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 October 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pedunculate+and+sessile+oaks+%E2%80%93+Quercus+robur%2FQuercus+petraea%3A+Technical+guidelines+for+genetic+conservation+and+use&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=European+Forest+Genetic+Resources+Programme&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Ducousso%2C+A.&rft.au=Bordacs%2C+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euforgen.org%2Ffileadmin%2F%2Ftemplates%2Feuforgen.org%2Fupload%2FPublications%2FTechnical_guidelines%2F1038_Technical_guidelines_for_genetic_conservation_and_use_for_Pedunculate_and_sessile_oaks__Quercus_robur__and__Quercus_petraea_.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-22202815">"Pontfadog Oak: 1,200-year-old tree toppled by winds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a>. 18 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pontfadog+Oak%3A+1%2C200-year-old+tree+toppled+by+winds&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-22202815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuercus+petraea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_petraea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/14280/Quercus-petraea/Details">Quercus petraea</a> Royal Horticultural Society</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euforgen.org/species/quercus-petraea/"><i>Quercus petraea</i></a> – distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources. <a href="/wiki/European_Forest_Genetic_Resources_Programme" title="European Forest Genetic Resources Programme">European Forest Genetic Resources Programme</a> (EUFORGEN)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Quercus&SPECIES_XREF=petraea&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=">Flora Europaea: <i>Quercus petraea</i></a></li> <li>Bean, W. J. (1976). <i>Trees and shrubs hardy in the British Isles</i> 8th ed., revised. John Murray.</li> <li>Rushforth, K. (1999). <i>Trees of Britain and Europe</i>. HarperCollins <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-220013-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-220013-9">0-00-220013-9</a>.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeanlouis.helardot.free.fr/page_chenes/quercus_petraea.htm">Chênes: <i>Quercus petraea</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020512140310/http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/faga/querc/querpetv.jpg">Den virtuella floran – Distribution</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quercus_petraea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quercus petraea"><i>Quercus petraea</i></a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Quercus petraea"><i>Quercus petraea</i></a> at Wikispecies</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Quercus petraea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158608" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q158608">Q158608</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Quercus_petraea" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Quercus petraea">Quercus petraea</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id3459">3459</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4R5SK">4R5SK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1151364">1151364</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/QUEPE">QUEPE</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/172445">172445</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2880130">2880130</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=30730">30730</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/200942">200942</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/359961-1">359961-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10770423">10770423</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506539">506539</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/62539">62539</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000462217">NHMSYS0000462217</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=38865">38865</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/7105e766-ea33-4f81-a73c-83f2eaaef634">7105e766-ea33-4f81-a73c-83f2eaaef634</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/7285/">7285</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=516540">516540</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Quercus+petraea">Quercus petraea</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PFI: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dryades.units.it/floritaly/index.php?procedure=taxon_page&tipo=all&id=9506">9506</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-174374">kew-174374</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/QUPE2">QUPE2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A359961-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:359961-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">RHS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/14280/wd/Details">14280</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13100437">13100437</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000292459">wfo-0000292459</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Quercus robur <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> petraea</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38941673" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q38941673">Q38941673</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2880288">2880288</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=411669">411669</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/60447921-2">60447921-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A60447921-2">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60447921-2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13100485">13100485</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000292939">wfo-0000292939</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span 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