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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fountain of blood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fountain_of_blood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_from_the_Five_Holy_Wounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_from_the_Five_Holy_Wounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Blood from the Five Holy Wounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_from_the_Five_Holy_Wounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In legend</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_legend-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Christian iconography symbol</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg/220px-Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg/330px-Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg/440px-Fountain.Of.Life.Godescalc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Godescalc_Evangelistary" title="Godescalc Evangelistary">Godescalc Evangelistary</a>, commemorating the Baptism of Charlemagne's son in Rome in 781 with an image of the Fountain of Life.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Fountain of Life</b>, or in its earlier form the <b>Fountain of <a href="/wiki/Living_Water" title="Living Water">Living Waters</a></b>, is a Christian <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> symbol associated with <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">eucharist</a>, first appearing in the 5th century in <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Illuminated manuscripts">illuminated manuscripts</a> and later in other art forms such as <a href="/wiki/Panel_painting" title="Panel painting">panel paintings</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baptismal_font">Baptismal font</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Baptismal font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The symbol is usually shown as a fountain enclosed in a <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal">hexagonal</a> structure capped by a rounded dome and supported by eight columns. The fountain of living waters, <i>fons vivus</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">baptismal font</a> (a water fountain in which one is baptized, and thus reborn with Christ), and is often surrounded by animals associated with Baptism such as the <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">hart</a>. The font probably represents the octagonal <a href="/wiki/Lateran" title="Lateran">Lateran</a> <a href="/wiki/Baptistery" title="Baptistery">Baptistery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, consecrated by Pope <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a> (432-440), which was iconographically associated with the fountain of the water of life mentioned in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/Revelation#21:6" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (World English)/Revelation">Revelation 21:6</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mano_Poderosa_(The_All-Powerful_Hand),_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_(The_Five_Persons)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Mano_Poderosa_%28The_All-Powerful_Hand%29%2C_or_Las_Cinco_Personas_%28The_Five_Persons%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3862" data-file-height="5268" /></a><figcaption>The fountain of blood icon in a Mexican painting, 18th century (<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Museum of Art">Brooklyn Museum</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The best examples date from the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> period: the <a href="/wiki/Godescalc_Evangelistary" title="Godescalc Evangelistary">Godescalc Evangelistary</a> made to commemorate the Baptism of the son of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in 781, and in the <a href="/wiki/Soissons_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Soissons Gospels">Soissons Gospels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fountain_of_blood">Fountain of blood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fountain of blood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Ghent_Altarpiece" title="Ghent Altarpiece">Ghent Altarpiece</a>: The Adoration of the Lamb</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a> (1438), the <a href="/wiki/Lamb_of_God" title="Lamb of God">Lamb of God</a> stands upon an altar dressed as for the Mass of the Precious Blood, with a blood-red frontal: the Lamb's blood is caught in a chalice, and its Eucharistic intention is signaled by the dove of the Holy Spirit above. In the foreground, offering the other means of grace, is the Fountain of the Living Water surrounded by the faithful. In the <a href="/wiki/Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="Prado">Prado</a>, Madrid, is the <i>Fountain of Living Water</i> emanating from the Lamb of God,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the open fountain is set into the outer wall of Heaven. That the water is not merely the purifying water of baptism is shown by the innumerable wafers that float upon its surface: the two sacraments are represented as one. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg/450px-Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="519" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg/675px-Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg/900px-Luther_und_Hus-Abendmahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1308" data-file-height="1508" /></a><figcaption>Allegoric representation of <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_union" title="Sacramental union">Sacramental union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Real_presence_of_Christ_in_the_Eucharist" title="Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist">Real presence of Christ in the Eucharist</a>, after a woodcut by <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder" title="Lucas Cranach the Elder">Lucas Cranach the Elder</a> (ca. 1550). In the front <a href="/wiki/Communion_under_both_kinds" title="Communion under both kinds">Communion under both kinds</a> is pictured with (on the left) <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> giving the chalice to <a href="/wiki/John,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John, Elector of Saxony">John, Elector of Saxony</a> and on the right <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> giving the eucharistic bread to <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="Frederick III, Elector of Saxony">Frederick III, Elector of Saxony</a> (Frederick the Wise). In the back a <b>Fountain of Living Water</b>: The blood of Christ's <a href="/wiki/Five_Holy_Wounds" title="Five Holy Wounds">Five Holy Wounds</a> spills in a fountain on the altar.</figcaption></figure> <p>In a miniature in a <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hours" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Hours">Book of Hours</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably painted at Ghent at the end of the 15th century, the Fountain of Living Water has given way to a fountain of blood, the Fountain of Life, in which the figure of Christ stands upon a Gothic pedestal at the center and fills the fountain from his wounds, though the aureole that surrounds him identifies him as the transfigured Christ and the location as <a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blood_from_the_Five_Holy_Wounds">Blood from the Five Holy Wounds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blood from the Five Holy Wounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Flanders at the close of the Middle Ages an intense devotion to the <a href="/wiki/Precious_Blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Precious Blood">Precious Blood</a> of Christ gave rise to an iconographic tradition of the 15th and 16th centuries, which rendered the theological concept of <a href="/wiki/Actual_grace" class="mw-redirect" title="Actual grace">Grace</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressing <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> dogma <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorically</a> as a fountain of blood. This transformation was first addressed in <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Underhill" title="Evelyn Underhill">Evelyn Underhill</a> in 1910, taking her point of departure an <i>Assembly of Saints and the Fountain of Life</i> of 1596 in <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which blood from the five <a href="/wiki/Holy_Wounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Wounds">Holy Wounds</a> of Christ flows into the upper basin of a "Fountain of Life"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and streams out through openings in the lower "Fountain of Mercy". Saints and martyrs, patriarchs and prophets hold golden chalices of blood, which some empty into the fountain. Below the faithful hold out their hearts to receive droplets of blood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_legend">In legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alexander_the_Great">Alexander the Great</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alexander the Great"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alexander_Romance">Alexander Romance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alexander Romance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditions about Alexander's search for the Fountain of Life were influenced by earlier legends about the Mesopotamian hero <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a> and his search for immortality, such as in the <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i> (3rd century AD), Alexander is travelling along with his company in search of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Land_of_the_Blessed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Land of the Blessed (page does not exist)">Land of the Blessed</a>. On the way to the Land, Alexander becomes hungry and asks one of his cooks, Andreas, to get him some meat. Andreas gets some fish and begins to wash it in a fountain. Immediately upon being washed, the fish sprang to life and escaped into the fountain. Realizing the has discovered the Fountain of Life, Andreas tells no one else about it and drinks the water for himself. He also stores away some of the water into a silver vessel, hoping to use some of it to seduce Alexander's daughter. Meanwhile, Alexander eventually reaches the Land of the Blessed but is unable to enter it. At the same time, he learns of Andreas losing the fish and questions him over it. Andreas confesses about what happened with the fish, and he is whipped for it, but he denies that he drank any and does not mention that he stored some, and asks Alexander over why he should worry about the past. At a later point, Andreas manages to use the water to seduce Alexander's daughter, who is enticed by the opportunity to drink from it, which she does and becomes immortal. Alexander learns of the miracle and punishes both Andreas and his daughter greatly: for Andreas is turned into a <i><a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daimōn</a></i> of the sea and his daughter into a <i>daimōn</i> of the desert.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This story was elaborated on in subsequent versions of the <i>Romance</i>, such as in the Syriac <i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Alexander" title="Song of Alexander">Song of Alexander</a></i> and in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:111_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:111-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Song_of_Alexander">Song of Alexander</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Song of Alexander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the sixth or seventh century, a <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac language</a> Christian text known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Alexander" title="Song of Alexander">Song of Alexander</a></i> was composed and spuriously attributed to the poet <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Serugh" title="Jacob of Serugh">Jacob of Serugh</a>. It contains a slightly revised version of the narrative of Alexander's search for the water of life, compared to its appearance in the Greek <i>Romance</i>. During Alexander's search for the fountain, he encounters a wise old man who tells Alexander that he might identify the water of life by washing salted fish in the diverse springs in his region. One of Alexander's cooks named Andrew is one of the ones instructed with the task of testing out the springs. He begins washing one of the fish in the water. Suddenly, the fish springs to life and escapes into the water, swimming away into a river. The cook is worried that this will anger the king, Alexander, and so he tries to catch it but to no avail. He notifies Alexander of the event but also tells him that, during his episode, he had discovered the fountain of life. Alexander is happy and goes to bathe in the water, but in trying to approach the water enters suddenly into a middle of darkness and is unable to reach it. Alexander is sad, but is consoled by the wise old man; at this point the story shifts into questions asked to the wise man by Alexander and the responses he receives.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the earlier <i>Romance</i>, the version in the <i>Song</i> draws on <a href="/wiki/Christian_iconography" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian iconography">Christian iconography</a>, where bathing in the fountain is represented in <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptismal</a> terminology, and the fish symbolizes <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> who <a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">rises from the dead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Babylonian_Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Babylonian Talmud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yet another version appears a little earlier, in Tractate Tamid 32a-32b of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> which was composed in the late fifth or sixth century. In this version, there is neither a cook (as in the <i>Romance</i> and <i>Song</i>) nor a wise old man (as in the <i>Song</i>). It is Alexander himself who, in his search for the water, washes the fish in the water which subsequently comes alive. Noticing that he has found the fountain of life, Alexander proceeds to watch his own face in the water. However, the Talmud does not explain the significance of this event. The Talmud also recounts an alternative version of the story where instead of washing his face, he traces the source of the fountain to the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> and demands to be let in on account of his status as a king. He is denied entry, however.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fountain_of_Life_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="The Fountain of Life (disambiguation)">The Fountain of Life</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_of_Youth" title="Fountain of Youth">Fountain of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinsaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Odinsaker">Odinsaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-giving_Spring" title="Life-giving Spring">Life-giving Spring</a>, for Byzantine Marian iconography (mediatrix, mother of all graces)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_of_the_Spring_(Istanbul)" title="Church of St. Mary of the Spring (Istanbul)">Church of St. Mary of the Spring (Istanbul)</a>, a 6th-century Eastern Orthodox sanctuary in Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoodochos_Pigi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zoodochos Pigi (disambiguation)">Zoodochos Pigi (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Spanish_FountainofLife.htm">Spanish gothic pitoresque treatment</a> Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i>Sit fons vivus</i>" said the priest in the traditional Roman missal when blessing the <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">baptismal font</a>, in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benedictio_Fontis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benedictio Fontis (page does not exist)">Benedictio Fontis</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></i> 22:1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, Add MS 17026, f. 13, noted by Underhill 1910).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i> 1908: "Grace".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painted, probably by Lucas Horenbault for the <a href="/wiki/Beguines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beguines">Beguines</a> of Ghent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inscribed "fonteyn des levens".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTesei2010" class="citation journal cs1">Tesei, Tommaso (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43927088">"Survival and Christianization of the Gilgamesh Quest for Immortality in the Tale of Alexander and the Fountain of Life"</a>. <i>Rivista degli studi orientali</i>. <b>83</b> (1/4): 417–440. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0392-4866">0392-4866</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43927088">43927088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rivista+degli+studi+orientali&rft.atitle=Survival+and+Christianization+of+the+Gilgamesh+Quest+for+Immortality+in+the+Tale+of+Alexander+and+the+Fountain+of+Life&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=417-440&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43927088%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0392-4866&rft.aulast=Tesei&rft.aufirst=Tommaso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43927088&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone2016" class="citation book cs1">Crone, Patricia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDBRDAAAQBAJ&dq=song+of+alexander+jacob+serugh&pg=PA67"><i>Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Volume 3</i></a>. Brill. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8"><bdi>978-90-04-31931-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Varieties+of+Godlessness%3A+Collected+Studies+in+Three+Volumes%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-31931-8&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDBRDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsong%2Bof%2Balexander%2Bjacob%2Bserugh%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone2016" class="citation book cs1">Crone, Patricia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDBRDAAAQBAJ&dq=song+of+alexander+jacob+serugh&pg=PA67"><i>Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Volume 3</i></a>. Brill. pp. 67–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8"><bdi>978-90-04-31931-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Varieties+of+Godlessness%3A+Collected+Studies+in+Three+Volumes%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-31931-8&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDBRDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsong%2Bof%2Balexander%2Bjacob%2Bserugh%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:111-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:111_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2018" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). <i>The Qur'an and the Bible: text and commentary</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 463–465. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18132-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18132-6"><bdi>978-0-300-18132-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an+and+the+Bible%3A+text+and+commentary&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=463-465&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18132-6&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Said&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2018" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). <i>The Qur'an and the Bible: text and commentary</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 463–465. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18132-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18132-6"><bdi>978-0-300-18132-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qur%27an+and+the+Bible%3A+text+and+commentary&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pages=463-465&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18132-6&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Said&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrone2016" class="citation book cs1">Crone, Patricia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDBRDAAAQBAJ&dq=song+of+alexander+jacob+serugh&pg=PA67"><i>Islam, the Ancient Near East and Varieties of Godlessness: Collected Studies in Three Volumes, Volume 3</i></a>. Brill. pp. 67–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-31931-8"><bdi>978-90-04-31931-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam%2C+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Varieties+of+Godlessness%3A+Collected+Studies+in+Three+Volumes%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-31931-8&rft.aulast=Crone&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDBRDAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dsong%2Bof%2Balexander%2Bjacob%2Bserugh%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFountain+of+Life" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Leslie Brubaker (1989). "Fountain of Life". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="Dictionary of the Middle Ages">Dictionary of the Middle Ages</a></i>. vol-5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-18161-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-18161-4">0-684-18161-4</a></li> <li>Underhill, Evelyn (1910). "The Fountain of Life: An Iconographical Study" <i>The Burlington Magazine</i> <b>17</b>.86 (May 1910), pp. 99–101 and illus. (available on-line through JSTOR).</li> <li>Paul Underwood, "The Fountain of Life in Manuscripts of the Gospels", <i>Dubarton Oaks Papers</i>, 5 (1950).</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&oldid=1258081879">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fountain_of_Life&oldid=1258081879</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iconography_of_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Category:Iconography of illuminated manuscripts">Iconography of illuminated manuscripts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Category:Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist in the Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_iconography" title="Category:Christian iconography">Christian iconography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baptism" title="Category:Baptism">Baptism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_legends" title="Category:Medieval legends">Medieval legends</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 01:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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