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class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="118808047" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inhibition"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanAcworth","location":"/IanAcworth","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/IanAcworth","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Inhibition"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-fe8da2cf-69e3-41fc-adab-aad09c1cd21b"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-fe8da2cf-69e3-41fc-adab-aad09c1cd21b"></div> </a><a 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</a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Ian Acworth</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125454490"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125454490/Abstracts_of_Papers_Presented_at_the_2008_Pittsburgh_Conference"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 2008 Pittsburgh Conference" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119494488/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125454490/Abstracts_of_Papers_Presented_at_the_2008_Pittsburgh_Conference">Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 2008 Pittsburgh Conference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e6097376bb49f55ef9fdb6a2152eca67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119494488,"asset_id":125454490,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644992/On_Line_Electrochemical_LC_MS_Techniques_for_Profiling_and_Characterizing_Metabolites"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644992/On_Line_Electrochemical_LC_MS_Techniques_for_Profiling_and_Characterizing_Metabolites">On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions</span><span>, Jan 27, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). Of the possible flow cell designs, coulometric cells with porous flow-through working electrodes (WE) were chosen. The high surface area (for a given volume) of the microporous flow-through WE allows more efficient electrolysis (typically &gt; 20-fold at 1.0 mL/min) than cells that utilize a planar WE (e.g., wall-jet and thin-layer). The advantages of coulometric design have been widely demonstrated in the context of LC-EC detection and include a much higher and more repro- ducible signal and lower susceptibility to fouling. 5,6 These characteris- tics are also important when considering their use as on-line reaction devices, since higher and more reproducible product yields can be obtained over a wider range of flow rates and on a more routine basis. Coulometric cells can also be used more readily at high pressure (e.g., in precolumn and serial detector configurations), thus allowing greater flexibility in experimental design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644992"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644992"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644992; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644992]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644992]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644992; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644992']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644992, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644992]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644992,"title":"On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). Of the possible flow cell designs, coulometric cells with porous flow-through working electrodes (WE) were chosen. The high surface area (for a given volume) of the microporous flow-through WE allows more efficient electrolysis (typically \u0026gt; 20-fold at 1.0 mL/min) than cells that utilize a planar WE (e.g., wall-jet and thin-layer). The advantages of coulometric design have been widely demonstrated in the context of LC-EC detection and include a much higher and more repro- ducible signal and lower susceptibility to fouling. 5,6 These characteris- tics are also important when considering their use as on-line reaction devices, since higher and more reproducible product yields can be obtained over a wider range of flow rates and on a more routine basis. Coulometric cells can also be used more readily at high pressure (e.g., in precolumn and serial detector configurations), thus allowing greater flexibility in experimental design.","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":1,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions"},"translated_abstract":"In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). Of the possible flow cell designs, coulometric cells with porous flow-through working electrodes (WE) were chosen. The high surface area (for a given volume) of the microporous flow-through WE allows more efficient electrolysis (typically \u0026gt; 20-fold at 1.0 mL/min) than cells that utilize a planar WE (e.g., wall-jet and thin-layer). The advantages of coulometric design have been widely demonstrated in the context of LC-EC detection and include a much higher and more repro- ducible signal and lower susceptibility to fouling. 5,6 These characteris- tics are also important when considering their use as on-line reaction devices, since higher and more reproducible product yields can be obtained over a wider range of flow rates and on a more routine basis. 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It is typically brewed from four basic ingredients: water, a starch source such as malted barley, brewer’s yeast, and a flavoring agent such as hops. Many varieties of beer result from differences in these ingredients, the additives used and the brewing process followed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dde41dce8529ca2e2a2072ce1253fb7e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122178,"asset_id":111644990,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122178/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644990"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644990"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644990; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644990]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644990]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644990; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644990']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644990, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dde41dce8529ca2e2a2072ce1253fb7e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644990]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644990,"title":"Chalconoids and Bitter Acids in Beer by HPLC with UV and Electrochemical Detection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction Beer is the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the world and the third most popular drink after water and tea. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644988"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters">Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Research, Part 1</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters. Among neurotransmitters, the monoamines (dopamine), norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin and their metabolites are the most commonly analyzed species in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the best and most commonly used analytical methods in neurochemistry. The sensitivity of electrochemical detection (ECD) is far higher than that of fluorometric or spectrophotometric detection. HPLC–ECD can also be applied to the measurement of the activities of the enzymes involved in monoamine metabolism. The introduction of multielectrodes for HPLC–ECD systems can increase the selectivity and resolution of compounds in chromatograms of crude biological samples; however, only if such electrodes are coulometric in nature. The chapter describes the principles of analysis using multielectrode detection systems. It discusses the activities of the enzymes related to monoamine metabolism.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644988"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644988"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644988; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644988]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644988]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644988; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644988']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644988, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644988]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644988,"title":"Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters. 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The introduction of multielectrodes for HPLC–ECD systems can increase the selectivity and resolution of compounds in chromatograms of crude biological samples; however, only if such electrodes are coulometric in nature. The chapter describes the principles of analysis using multielectrode detection systems. It discusses the activities of the enzymes related to monoamine metabolism.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T08:27:54.206-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":118808047,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":118808047,"first_name":"Ian","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Acworth","page_name":"IanAcworth","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-07-05T06:02:45.112-07:00","display_name":"Ian Acworth","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanAcworth"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":4656,"name":"Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatography"},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine"},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography"},{"id":235189,"name":"Norepinephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norepinephrine"},{"id":2308921,"name":"Coulometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coulometry"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644987"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644987/The_Use_of_HPLC_EC_for_Measurements_of_Oxidative_DNA_Damage"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Use of HPLC/EC for Measurements of Oxidative DNA Damage" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644987/The_Use_of_HPLC_EC_for_Measurements_of_Oxidative_DNA_Damage">The Use of HPLC/EC for Measurements of Oxidative DNA Damage</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical Reviews of Oxidative Stress and Aging - Advances in Basic Science, Diagnostics and Intervention</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644987"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644987"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644987; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644986"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644986/Determination_of_synthetic_phenolic_antioxidants_in_essence_perfume_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_with_vortex_assisted_cloud_point_extraction_using_AEO_9"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644986/Determination_of_synthetic_phenolic_antioxidants_in_essence_perfume_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_with_vortex_assisted_cloud_point_extraction_using_AEO_9">Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Chemical Letters</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in ess...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. The results confirmed the SPAs of essence could be effectively monitored by this method and also established good reference criteria for essence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644986"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644986"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644986; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644986]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644986]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644986; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644986']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644986, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644986]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644986,"title":"Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. The results confirmed the SPAs of essence could be effectively monitored by this method and also established good reference criteria for essence.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chinese Chemical Letters"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644957/A_New_Approach_to_the_Simultaneous_Analysis_of_Underivatized_Ionophoric_Antibiotics_using_Liquid_Chromatography_with_Charged_Aerosol_Detection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644957/A_New_Approach_to_the_Simultaneous_Analysis_of_Underivatized_Ionophoric_Antibiotics_using_Liquid_Chromatography_with_Charged_Aerosol_Detection">A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminogl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines, macrolides, and polyether ionophores. The use of polyether ionophorous antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, lasolacid A, and narasin) in industrial agriculture is significant, with over 3,700,000 kg approved for use in 2009 by the Food & Drug Administration. 1 Ionophores are approved feed additives, and are used to a large extent in the poultry and beef production industry to control and prevent coccidiosis disease. Adding these ionophores to animal feeds can improve growth rates, but there is concern that antibiotic residues may remain in tissues, food products, and the environment. Some animals such as horses, 2 certain avian species, 3,4 dogs, 5 and cats 6 are especially sensitive to ionophore toxicity. Thus, there is a need for sensitive methods for their analysis. These antibiotics originate from natural sources and possess a weak chromophor...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3ee4c510bd84eb54ed82fe5355db852c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122138,"asset_id":111644957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122138/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644957; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644957]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644957; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644957']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644957, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3ee4c510bd84eb54ed82fe5355db852c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644957]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644957,"title":"A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines, macrolides, and polyether ionophores. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644955"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644955/Measurement_and_Control_of_Copper_Additives_in_Electroplating_Baths_by_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Measurement and Control of Copper Additives in Electroplating Baths by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122136/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644955/Measurement_and_Control_of_Copper_Additives_in_Electroplating_Baths_by_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography">Measurement and Control of Copper Additives in Electroplating Baths by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Current Determination of Additives Damascene, or acid copper plating baths, have been in use sinc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Current Determination of Additives Damascene, or acid copper plating baths, have been in use since the mid 19th century on decorative items and machinery.1,2 The process generally uses copper sulfate and sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium. The object to be plated is placed into the bath, which is attached to a cathode in a direct current circuit. When power is applied, the copper (II) ions in solution are reduced at the cathode, forming a metallic copper film on the substrate. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644948"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644948/Analytical_Methods_to_Qualify_and_Quantify_PEG_and_PEGylated_Biopharmaceuticals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122129/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644948/Analytical_Methods_to_Qualify_and_Quantify_PEG_and_PEGylated_Biopharmaceuticals">Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is common practice. Over the last decade the field of biopharmaceuticals has begun to use the process of covalently bonding PEG to their active peptides or proteins (PEGylation) to improve bioavailability and reduce immunogenicity along with several other benefits.1 Typical PEGylation reagents often contain heterogeneous mixtures of different PEG chain lengths. This is in contrast to Thermo ScientificTM PierceTM PEGylation Reagents, which are homogeneous compounds of defined molecular weight and spacer arm length. The PEGylation reagents are chosen according to the reaction specificity of their terminal groups, as well as the length and degree of chain branching desired. The Thermo Scientific MS(PEG)n series consists of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters, which react at pH 7-9 with primary amine groups by nucleophilic attack, forming amide bonds and releasi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07554d7f1eb3bf101c30d4d755da2c83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122129,"asset_id":111644948,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122129/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644948"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644948]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644948; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644948']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644948, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07554d7f1eb3bf101c30d4d755da2c83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644948]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644948,"title":"Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is common practice. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644947/A_Rapid_UHPLC_Method_for_the_Analysis_of_Biogenic_Amines_and_Metabolites_in_Microdialysis_Samples"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122171/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644947/A_Rapid_UHPLC_Method_for_the_Analysis_of_Biogenic_Amines_and_Metabolites_in_Microdialysis_Samples">A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh microdialysis samples for these experiments. Overview Purpose: To develop an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method to resolve the major biogenic amine and their acid metabolites in a microdialysis sample collected from the rat brain with improved throughput using the Thermo ScientificTM DionexTM UltiMateTM 3000 HPLC platform.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09363524eeb6f5965cf89b33d190f410" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122171,"asset_id":111644947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122171/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "09363524eeb6f5965cf89b33d190f410" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644947,"title":"A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh microdialysis samples for these experiments. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/125454490/Abstracts_of_Papers_Presented_at_the_2008_Pittsburgh_Conference">Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 2008 Pittsburgh Conference</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e6097376bb49f55ef9fdb6a2152eca67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119494488,"asset_id":125454490,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119494488/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644992/On_Line_Electrochemical_LC_MS_Techniques_for_Profiling_and_Characterizing_Metabolites"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644992/On_Line_Electrochemical_LC_MS_Techniques_for_Profiling_and_Characterizing_Metabolites">On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions</span><span>, Jan 27, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). Of the possible flow cell designs, coulometric cells with porous flow-through working electrodes (WE) were chosen. The high surface area (for a given volume) of the microporous flow-through WE allows more efficient electrolysis (typically &gt; 20-fold at 1.0 mL/min) than cells that utilize a planar WE (e.g., wall-jet and thin-layer). The advantages of coulometric design have been widely demonstrated in the context of LC-EC detection and include a much higher and more repro- ducible signal and lower susceptibility to fouling. 5,6 These characteris- tics are also important when considering their use as on-line reaction devices, since higher and more reproducible product yields can be obtained over a wider range of flow rates and on a more routine basis. Coulometric cells can also be used more readily at high pressure (e.g., in precolumn and serial detector configurations), thus allowing greater flexibility in experimental design.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644992"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644992"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644992; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644992]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644992]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644992; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644992']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644992, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644992]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644992,"title":"On-Line Electrochemical/LC-MS Techniques for Profiling and Characterizing Metabolites","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). 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Coulometric cells can also be used more readily at high pressure (e.g., in precolumn and serial detector configurations), thus allowing greater flexibility in experimental design.","publication_date":{"day":27,"month":1,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions"},"translated_abstract":"In this study, EC flow cells were used in a number of configurations in combination with mass spectrometry (EC-MS), including flow injection EC-MS, precolumn EC-LC-MS, and EC-synthesis, to generate product in sufficient quantities for indepth structural elucidation experiments (e.g., by NMR). Of the possible flow cell designs, coulometric cells with porous flow-through working electrodes (WE) were chosen. The high surface area (for a given volume) of the microporous flow-through WE allows more efficient electrolysis (typically \u0026gt; 20-fold at 1.0 mL/min) than cells that utilize a planar WE (e.g., wall-jet and thin-layer). The advantages of coulometric design have been widely demonstrated in the context of LC-EC detection and include a much higher and more repro- ducible signal and lower susceptibility to fouling. 5,6 These characteris- tics are also important when considering their use as on-line reaction devices, since higher and more reproducible product yields can be obtained over a wider range of flow rates and on a more routine basis. 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It is typically brewed from four basic ingredients: water, a starch source such as malted barley, brewer’s yeast, and a flavoring agent such as hops. Many varieties of beer result from differences in these ingredients, the additives used and the brewing process followed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dde41dce8529ca2e2a2072ce1253fb7e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122178,"asset_id":111644990,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122178/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644990"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644990"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644990; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644990]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644990]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644990; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644990']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644990, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dde41dce8529ca2e2a2072ce1253fb7e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644990]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644990,"title":"Chalconoids and Bitter Acids in Beer by HPLC with UV and Electrochemical Detection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction Beer is the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in the world and the third most popular drink after water and tea. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644988"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters">Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Methods in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Research, Part 1</span><span>, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters. Among neurotransmitters, the monoamines (dopamine), norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin and their metabolites are the most commonly analyzed species in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the best and most commonly used analytical methods in neurochemistry. The sensitivity of electrochemical detection (ECD) is far higher than that of fluorometric or spectrophotometric detection. HPLC–ECD can also be applied to the measurement of the activities of the enzymes involved in monoamine metabolism. The introduction of multielectrodes for HPLC–ECD systems can increase the selectivity and resolution of compounds in chromatograms of crude biological samples; however, only if such electrodes are coulometric in nature. The chapter describes the principles of analysis using multielectrode detection systems. It discusses the activities of the enzymes related to monoamine metabolism.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644988"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644988"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644988; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644988]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644988]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644988; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644988']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644988, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644988]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644988,"title":"Multi-electrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multielectrode detection systems for determination of neurotransmitters. 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The introduction of multielectrodes for HPLC–ECD systems can increase the selectivity and resolution of compounds in chromatograms of crude biological samples; however, only if such electrodes are coulometric in nature. The chapter describes the principles of analysis using multielectrode detection systems. It discusses the activities of the enzymes related to monoamine metabolism.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111644988/Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-17T08:27:54.206-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":118808047,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Multi_electrode_detection_systems_for_determination_of_neurotransmitters","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":118808047,"first_name":"Ian","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Acworth","page_name":"IanAcworth","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2019-07-05T06:02:45.112-07:00","display_name":"Ian Acworth","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanAcworth"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry"},{"id":4656,"name":"Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chromatography"},{"id":51565,"name":"Serotonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotonin"},{"id":51566,"name":"Dopamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dopamine"},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography"},{"id":235189,"name":"Norepinephrine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norepinephrine"},{"id":2308921,"name":"Coulometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coulometry"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644987"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644987/The_Use_of_HPLC_EC_for_Measurements_of_Oxidative_DNA_Damage"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Use of HPLC/EC for Measurements of Oxidative DNA Damage" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644987/The_Use_of_HPLC_EC_for_Measurements_of_Oxidative_DNA_Damage">The Use of HPLC/EC for Measurements of Oxidative DNA Damage</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Critical Reviews of Oxidative Stress and Aging - Advances in Basic Science, Diagnostics and Intervention</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644987"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644987"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644987; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644986"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644986/Determination_of_synthetic_phenolic_antioxidants_in_essence_perfume_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_with_vortex_assisted_cloud_point_extraction_using_AEO_9"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644986/Determination_of_synthetic_phenolic_antioxidants_in_essence_perfume_by_high_performance_liquid_chromatography_with_vortex_assisted_cloud_point_extraction_using_AEO_9">Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Chemical Letters</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in ess...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. The results confirmed the SPAs of essence could be effectively monitored by this method and also established good reference criteria for essence.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644986"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644986"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644986; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644986]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644986]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644986; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644986']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644986, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644986]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644986,"title":"Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in essence perfume by high performance liquid chromatography with vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction using AEO-9","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. The results confirmed the SPAs of essence could be effectively monitored by this method and also established good reference criteria for essence.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Chinese Chemical Letters"},"translated_abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to establish a rapid analytical method to determine antioxidants in essence. A simple, efficient and practical, vortex-assisted, cloud-point extraction (VACPE) procedure is proposed for extracting and pre-concentrating four different of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in essence prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The non-ionic surfactant, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-9 (AEO-9), was used as extractant and vortex-mixing was utilized to reduce extraction time and improve extraction efficiency. The effective parameters of the extraction process, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, vortex-mixing time, equilibration temperature and time, were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of PG, TBHQ, BHA and BHT was 8.0–800 ng/mL. All correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were higher than 0.996 and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 5) were 2.36%–5.46%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of antioxidants in essence samples with satisfactory relative recoveries of 89.4%–103.5%. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644957/A_New_Approach_to_the_Simultaneous_Analysis_of_Underivatized_Ionophoric_Antibiotics_using_Liquid_Chromatography_with_Charged_Aerosol_Detection"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122138/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644957/A_New_Approach_to_the_Simultaneous_Analysis_of_Underivatized_Ionophoric_Antibiotics_using_Liquid_Chromatography_with_Charged_Aerosol_Detection">A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminogl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines, macrolides, and polyether ionophores. The use of polyether ionophorous antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, lasolacid A, and narasin) in industrial agriculture is significant, with over 3,700,000 kg approved for use in 2009 by the Food & Drug Administration. 1 Ionophores are approved feed additives, and are used to a large extent in the poultry and beef production industry to control and prevent coccidiosis disease. Adding these ionophores to animal feeds can improve growth rates, but there is concern that antibiotic residues may remain in tissues, food products, and the environment. Some animals such as horses, 2 certain avian species, 3,4 dogs, 5 and cats 6 are especially sensitive to ionophore toxicity. Thus, there is a need for sensitive methods for their analysis. These antibiotics originate from natural sources and possess a weak chromophor...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3ee4c510bd84eb54ed82fe5355db852c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122138,"asset_id":111644957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122138/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644957; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644957]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644957; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644957']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644957, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3ee4c510bd84eb54ed82fe5355db852c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644957]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644957,"title":"A New Approach to the Simultaneous Analysis of Underivatized Ionophoric Antibiotics using Liquid Chromatography with Charged Aerosol Detection","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introductioncan be categorized based on their chemical structure, including: betalactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolines, macrolides, and polyether ionophores. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644955"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644955/Measurement_and_Control_of_Copper_Additives_in_Electroplating_Baths_by_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Measurement and Control of Copper Additives in Electroplating Baths by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122136/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644955/Measurement_and_Control_of_Copper_Additives_in_Electroplating_Baths_by_High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography">Measurement and Control of Copper Additives in Electroplating Baths by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Current Determination of Additives Damascene, or acid copper plating baths, have been in use sinc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Current Determination of Additives Damascene, or acid copper plating baths, have been in use since the mid 19th century on decorative items and machinery.1,2 The process generally uses copper sulfate and sulfuric acid in an aqueous medium. The object to be plated is placed into the bath, which is attached to a cathode in a direct current circuit. When power is applied, the copper (II) ions in solution are reduced at the cathode, forming a metallic copper film on the substrate. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644948"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644948/Analytical_Methods_to_Qualify_and_Quantify_PEG_and_PEGylated_Biopharmaceuticals"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122129/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644948/Analytical_Methods_to_Qualify_and_Quantify_PEG_and_PEGylated_Biopharmaceuticals">Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is common practice. Over the last decade the field of biopharmaceuticals has begun to use the process of covalently bonding PEG to their active peptides or proteins (PEGylation) to improve bioavailability and reduce immunogenicity along with several other benefits.1 Typical PEGylation reagents often contain heterogeneous mixtures of different PEG chain lengths. This is in contrast to Thermo ScientificTM PierceTM PEGylation Reagents, which are homogeneous compounds of defined molecular weight and spacer arm length. The PEGylation reagents are chosen according to the reaction specificity of their terminal groups, as well as the length and degree of chain branching desired. The Thermo Scientific MS(PEG)n series consists of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters, which react at pH 7-9 with primary amine groups by nucleophilic attack, forming amide bonds and releasi...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07554d7f1eb3bf101c30d4d755da2c83" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122129,"asset_id":111644948,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122129/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644948"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644948]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644948; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644948']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644948, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "07554d7f1eb3bf101c30d4d755da2c83" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644948]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644948,"title":"Analytical Methods to Qualify and Quantify PEG and PEGylated Biopharmaceuticals","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Introduction The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a safe and low cost additive for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries is common practice. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111644947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644947/A_Rapid_UHPLC_Method_for_the_Analysis_of_Biogenic_Amines_and_Metabolites_in_Microdialysis_Samples"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109122171/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111644947/A_Rapid_UHPLC_Method_for_the_Analysis_of_Biogenic_Amines_and_Metabolites_in_Microdialysis_Samples">A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh microdialysis samples for these experiments. Overview Purpose: To develop an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method to resolve the major biogenic amine and their acid metabolites in a microdialysis sample collected from the rat brain with improved throughput using the Thermo ScientificTM DionexTM UltiMateTM 3000 HPLC platform.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="09363524eeb6f5965cf89b33d190f410" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109122171,"asset_id":111644947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109122171/download_file?st=MTczMjQxODc3NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111644947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111644947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=111644947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111644947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='111644947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 111644947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "09363524eeb6f5965cf89b33d190f410" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=111644947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":111644947,"title":"A Rapid UHPLC Method for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines and Metabolites in Microdialysis Samples","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The authors are grateful to Dr. Aygul Balcioglu, Research Scientist at MIT for providing fresh microdialysis samples for these experiments. 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