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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Local area network</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شبكة محلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبكة محلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_d%27%C3%A1rea_llocal" title="Rede d'área llocal – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rede d'área llocal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokal_%C5%9F%C9%99b%C9%99k%C9%99" title="Lokal şəbəkə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lokal şəbəkə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="লোকাল এরিয়া নেটওয়ার্ক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লোকাল এরিয়া নেটওয়ার্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лакальная вылічальная сетка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лакальная вылічальная сетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лякальная вылічальная сетка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лякальная вылічальная сетка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Локална мрежа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Локална мрежа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalna_ra%C4%8Dunarska_mre%C5%BEa" title="Lokalna računarska mreža – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lokalna računarska mreža" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarxa_d%27%C3%A0rea_local" title="Xarxa d'àrea local – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xarxa d'àrea local" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Local Area Network" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhwydwaith_ardal_leol" title="Rhwydwaith ardal leol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhwydwaith ardal leol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Local Area Network" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohtv%C3%B5rk" title="Kohtvõrk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kohtvõrk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%85%CE%BF_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Τοπικό δίκτυο υπολογιστών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τοπικό δίκτυο υπολογιστών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_de_%C3%A1rea_local" title="Red de área local – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Red de área local" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loka_reto" title="Loka reto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Loka reto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sare_lokal" title="Sare lokal – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sare lokal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C" title="شبکه محلی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شبکه محلی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_local" title="Réseau local – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réseau local" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADonra_achair_log%C3%A1nta" title="Líonra achair logánta – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Líonra achair logánta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE_%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95" title="લોકલ એરિયા નેટવર્ક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લોકલ એરિયા નેટવર્ક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EA%B1%B0%EB%A6%AC_%ED%86%B5%EC%8B%A0%EB%A7%9D" title="근거리 통신망 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근거리 통신망" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Լոկալ ցանց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լոկալ ցանց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="लोकल एरिया नेटवर्क – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लोकल एरिया नेटवर्क" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokala_reto" title="Lokala reto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lokala reto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_area_lokal" title="Jaringan area lokal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jaringan area lokal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rete_local" title="Rete local – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rete local" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%B0arnet" title="Staðarnet – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Staðarnet" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רשת תקשורת מקומית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רשת תקשורת מקומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_area_lokal" title="Jaringan area lokal – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaringan area lokal" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლოკალური ქსელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოკალური ქსელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Локальді желі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Локальді желі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtandao_Kuruba" title="Mtandao Kuruba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtandao Kuruba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok%C4%81lais_t%C4%ABkls" title="Lokālais tīkls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lokālais tīkls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Local Area Network" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Local Area Network" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helyi_h%C3%A1l%C3%B3zat" title="Helyi hálózat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Helyi hálózat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Месна мрежа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месна мрежа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%8F%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ലോക്കൽ ഏരിയ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലോക്കൽ ഏരിയ നെറ്റ്‌വർക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netwerk_ta%C5%BC-%C5%BCona_lokali" title="Netwerk taż-żona lokali – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Netwerk taż-żona lokali" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლოკალური რშვილი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლოკალური რშვილი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangkaian_kawasan_setempat" title="Rangkaian kawasan setempat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rangkaian kawasan setempat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Дотоод сүлжээ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дотоод сүлжээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Локалан лору сеть – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Локалан лору сеть" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalnett" title="Lokalnett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lokalnett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%88" title="Верысе вапш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Верысе вапш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੁਕਾਮੀ ਇਲਾਕਾ ਜਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਕਾਮੀ ਇਲਾਕਾ ਜਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87_%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87" title="سیمه ییزه شبکه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سیمه ییزه شبکه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalna_sie%C4%87_komputerowa" title="Lokalna sieć komputerowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lokalna sieć komputerowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede_de_%C3%A1rea_local" title="Rede de área local – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rede de área local" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C8%9Bea_local%C4%83" title="Rețea locală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rețea locală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Локальная вычислительная сеть – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Локальная вычислительная сеть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrjeti_lokal" title="Rrjeti lokal – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrjeti lokal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miestna_sie%C5%A5_(LAN)" title="Miestna sieť (LAN) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Miestna sieť (LAN)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokalno_omre%C5%BEje" title="Lokalno omrežje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lokalno omrežje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%AC%DB%8E%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="تۆڕی خۆجێیی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تۆڕی خۆجێیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Локална рачунарска мрежа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Локална рачунарска мрежа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Local area network" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4hiverkko" title="Lähiverkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lähiverkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Local Area Network" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="LAN" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="குறும்பரப்பு வலையமைப்புகள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறும்பரப்பு வலையமைப்புகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="లోకల్ ఏరియా నెట్‌వర్క్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లోకల్ ఏరియా నెట్‌వర్క్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99" title="แลน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แลน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerel_alan_a%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Yerel alan ağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yerel alan ağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Локальна мережа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Локальна мережа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="لوکل ایریا نیٹ ورک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوکل ایریا نیٹ ورک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ng_c%E1%BB%A5c_b%E1%BB%99" title="Mạng cục bộ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mạng cục bộ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="局域网 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="局域网" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="לאקאל נעצווערק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לאקאל נעצווערק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1" title="區域網絡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="區域網絡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%BD%91" title="局域网 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="局域网" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=LAN&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="LAN">LAN</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer network that connects devices over a limited area</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size: 120%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a> types<br />by scale</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg/150px-Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg/225px-Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg/300px-Data_Networks_classification_by_spatial_scope.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanonetwork" title="Nanonetwork">Nanoscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">Near-field (NFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_area_network" title="Body area network">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_area_network" title="Personal area network">Personal (PAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-me_area_network" title="Near-me area network">Near-me</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Local (LAN)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">Storage (SAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">Wireless (WLAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLAN" title="VLAN">Virtual (VLAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_network" title="Home network">Home (HAN)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_area_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Building area network">Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_network" title="Campus network">Campus (CAN)</a></li> <li><a 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Area_networks" title="Template:Area networks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Area_networks" title="Template talk:Area networks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Area_networks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Area networks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethernet_LAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ethernet_LAN.svg/220px-Ethernet_LAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ethernet_LAN.svg/330px-Ethernet_LAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Ethernet_LAN.svg/440px-Ethernet_LAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption>A conceptual diagram of a local area network using <a href="/wiki/Bus_network" title="Bus network">bus network</a> topology</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>local area network</b> (<b>LAN</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a> that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, a <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves <a href="/wiki/Leased_telecommunication_circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Leased telecommunication circuit">leased telecommunication circuits</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks. Historical network technologies include <a href="/wiki/ARCNET" title="ARCNET">ARCNET</a>, <a href="/wiki/Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a> and <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Radiation_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Radiation Laboratory">Lawrence Radiation Laboratory</a> detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of experimental and early commercial LAN technologies were developed in the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> was developed at <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">Xerox PARC</a> between 1973 and 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-metcalfe_video_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metcalfe_video-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ring_(computer_network)" title="Cambridge Ring (computer network)">Cambridge Ring</a> was developed at Cambridge University starting in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ARCNET" title="ARCNET">ARCNET</a> was developed by <a href="/wiki/Datapoint" title="Datapoint">Datapoint</a> Corporation in 1976 and announced in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had the first commercial installation in December 1977 at <a href="/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase Manhattan Bank">Chase Manhattan Bank</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-European_Parliament_Archives-2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Parliament_Archives-2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_systems_for_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament">Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament</a> was the first installation of a LAN connecting hundreds (420) of microprocessor-controlled voting terminals to a polling/selecting central unit with a <a href="/wiki/Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">multidrop bus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Master/slave_(technology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master/slave (technology)">Master/slave (technology)</a> arbitration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Local_area_network#Claim_to_first_LAN/on_of_first_LANs_for_Electronic_voting_systems_for_the_European_Parliament" title="Talk:Local area network">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The development and proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> using the <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> operating system in the late 1970s, and later <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>-based systems starting in 1981, meant that many sites grew to dozens or even hundreds of computers. The initial driving force for networking was to share <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">storage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>, both of which were expensive at the time. There was much enthusiasm for the concept, and for several years, from about 1983 onward, computer industry pundits habitually declared the coming year to be, "The year of the LAN".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In practice, the concept was marred by the proliferation of incompatible <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Network protocol">network protocol</a> implementations, and a plethora of methods of sharing resources. Typically, each vendor would have its own type of network card, cabling, protocol, and <a href="/wiki/Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">network operating system</a>. A solution appeared with the advent of <a href="/wiki/Novell_NetWare" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell NetWare">Novell NetWare</a> which provided even-handed support for dozens of competing card and cable types, and a much more sophisticated operating system than most of its competitors. </p><p>Of the competitors to NetWare, only <a href="/wiki/Banyan_Vines" class="mw-redirect" title="Banyan Vines">Banyan Vines</a> had comparable technical strengths, but Banyan never gained a secure base. <a href="/wiki/3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a> produced <a href="/wiki/3%2BShare" title="3+Share">3+Share</a> and Microsoft produced <a href="/wiki/MS-Net" title="MS-Net">MS-Net</a>. These then formed the basis for collaboration between <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and 3Com to create a simple network operating system <a href="/wiki/LAN_Manager" title="LAN Manager">LAN Manager</a> and its cousin, IBM's <a href="/wiki/LAN_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="LAN Server">LAN Server</a>. None of these enjoyed any lasting success; Netware dominated the personal computer LAN business from early after its introduction in 1983 until the mid-1990s when Microsoft introduced <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, TCP/IP was first shown capable of supporting actual defense department applications on a Defense Communication Agency LAN testbed located at Reston, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TCP/IP-based LAN successfully supported <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a>, and a Defense Department teleconferencing application.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This demonstrated the feasibility of employing TCP/IP LANs to interconnect <a href="/wiki/Worldwide_Military_Command_and_Control_System" title="Worldwide Military Command and Control System">Worldwide Military Command and Control System</a> (WWMCCS) computers at command centers throughout the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, WWMCCS was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Global_Command_and_Control_System" title="Global Command and Control System">Global Command and Control System</a> (GCCS) before that could happen. </p><p>During the same period, <a href="/wiki/Unix_workstation" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix workstation">Unix workstations</a> were using TCP/IP networking. Although the workstation market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in the area continue to be influential on the Internet and in all forms of networking—and the TCP/IP protocol has replaced <a href="/wiki/IPX" class="mw-redirect" title="IPX">IPX</a>, <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetBIOS_Frames" title="NetBIOS Frames">NBF</a>, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Econet" title="Econet">Econet</a> was Acorn Computers's low-cost local area network system, intended for use by schools and small businesses. It was first developed for the <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Atom" title="Acorn Atom">Acorn Atom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acorn_System_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn System 2">Acorn System 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acorn_System_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn System 3">3</a>/<a href="/wiki/Acorn_System_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorn System 4">4</a> computers in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s, several token ring network implementations for LANs were developed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM released their own implementation of token ring in 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ran at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006400000000000000♠"></span>4 <a href="/wiki/Megabit_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit per second">Mbit/s</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM claimed that their token ring systems were superior to Ethernet, especially under load, but these claims were debated.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boggs1988_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boggs1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM's implementation of token ring was the basis of the IEEE 802.5 standard.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 16 Mbit/s version of Token Ring was standardized by the 802.5 working group in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM had market dominance over Token Ring, for example, in 1990, IBM equipment was the most widely used for Token Ring networks.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">Fiber Distributed Data Interface</a> (FDDI), a LAN standard, was considered an attractive campus <a href="/wiki/Backbone_network" title="Backbone network">backbone network</a> technology in the early to mid 1990s since existing Ethernet networks only offered 10 Mbit/s data rates and Token Ring networks only offered 4 Mbit/s or 16 Mbit/s rates. Thus it was a relatively high-speed choice of that era, with speeds such as 100 Mbit/s. By 1994, vendors included <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a>, Network Peripherals, SysKonnect (acquired by <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell Technology Group</a>), and <a href="/wiki/3Com" title="3Com">3Com</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FDDI installations have largely been replaced by Ethernet deployments.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabling">Cabling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cabling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg/220px-RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg/330px-RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg/440px-RJ-45-Stecker-und-Buechse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1748" /></a><figcaption>Twisted pair LAN cable</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1979,<sup id="cite_ref-European_Parliament_Archives-2021_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-European_Parliament_Archives-2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_systems_for_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament">Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament</a> was using 10 kilometers of simple <a href="/wiki/Unshielded_twisted_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Unshielded twisted pair">unshielded twisted pair</a> <a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">category 3 cable</a>—the same cable used for telephone systems—installed inside the benches of the European Parliament Hemicycles in Strasbourg and Luxembourg.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Ethernet (<a href="/wiki/10BASE-5" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-5">10BASE-5</a> and <a href="/wiki/10BASE-2" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-2">10BASE-2</a>) used <a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">coaxial cable</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shielded_twisted_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Shielded twisted pair">Shielded twisted pair</a> was used in IBM's <a href="/wiki/Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a> LAN implementation. In 1984, <a href="/wiki/StarLAN" title="StarLAN">StarLAN</a> showed the potential of simple <a href="/wiki/Unshielded_twisted_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Unshielded twisted pair">unshielded twisted pair</a> by using <a href="/wiki/Category_3_cable" title="Category 3 cable">category 3 cable</a>—the same cable used for telephone systems. This led to the development of <a href="/wiki/10BASE-T" class="mw-redirect" title="10BASE-T">10BASE-T</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Ethernet_over_twisted_pair" title="Ethernet over twisted pair">its twisted-pair successors</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Structured_cabling" title="Structured cabling">structured cabling</a> which is still the basis of most commercial LANs today. </p><p>While <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber_cable" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical fiber cable">optical fiber cable</a> is common for links between <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>, use of <a href="/wiki/Fiber_to_the_desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber to the desktop">fiber to the desktop</a> is rare.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wireless_media">Wireless media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wireless media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Wireless_LAN" title="Wireless LAN">wireless LAN</a>, users have unrestricted movement within the coverage area. Wireless networks have become popular in residences and small businesses, because of their ease of installation. Most wireless LANs use <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> as wireless adapters are typically integrated into <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a>. Guests are often offered <a href="/wiki/Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a> via a <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(Wi-Fi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotspot (Wi-Fi)">hotspot</a> service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical_aspects">Technical aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Technical aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a> describes the layout of interconnections between devices and network segments. At the <a href="/wiki/Data_link_layer" title="Data link layer">data link layer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physical_layer" title="Physical layer">physical layer</a>, a wide variety of LAN topologies have been used, including <a href="/wiki/Ring_network" title="Ring network">ring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bus_network" title="Bus network">bus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesh_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh network">mesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Star_network" title="Star network">star</a>. </p><p>Simple LANs generally consist of cabling and one or more <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">switches</a>. A switch can be connected to a <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">router</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cable_modem" title="Cable modem">cable modem</a>, or <a href="/wiki/ADSL_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="ADSL modem">ADSL modem</a> for <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> access. A LAN can include a wide variety of other network devices such as <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(computing)" title="Firewall (computing)">firewalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Network_intrusion_detection_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Network intrusion detection system">network intrusion detection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advanced LANs are characterized by their use of redundant links with switches using the <a href="/wiki/Spanning_tree_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanning tree protocol">spanning tree protocol</a> to prevent loops, their ability to manage differing traffic types via <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_service" title="Quality of service">quality of service</a> (QoS), and their ability to segregate traffic with <a href="/wiki/VLAN" title="VLAN">VLANs</a>. </p><p>At the higher network layers, protocols such as <a href="/wiki/NetBIOS" title="NetBIOS">NetBIOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPX/SPX" title="IPX/SPX">IPX/SPX</a>, <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a> and others were once common, but the <a href="/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite" title="Internet protocol suite">Internet protocol suite</a> (TCP/IP) has prevailed as the standard of choice. </p><p>LANs can maintain connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or across the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> using <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private network</a> technologies. Depending on how the connections are established and secured, and the distance involved, such linked LANs may also be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area_network" title="Metropolitan area network">metropolitan area network</a> (MAN) or a <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode" title="Asynchronous Transfer Mode">Asynchronous Transfer Mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaosnet" title="Chaosnet">Chaosnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_messenger" title="LAN messenger">LAN messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_party" title="LAN party">LAN party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">Network interface controller</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGary_A._Donahue2007" class="citation book cs1">Gary A. Donahue (June 2007). <i>Network Warrior</i>. O'Reilly. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Network+Warrior&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft.date=2007-06&rft.au=Gary+A.+Donahue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_F._Mendicino1970" class="citation web cs1">Samuel F. Mendicino (1970-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202409/http://www.rogerdmoore.ca/PS/OCTOA/OCTO.html">"Octopus: The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Network"</a>. Rogerdmoore.ca. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ethernet&rft.pub=NetEvents.tv&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dg5MezxMcRmk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span> Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/g5MezxMcRmk">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120113032536/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5MezxMcRmk">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_687626">"Ethernet Prototype Circuit Board"</a>. 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University of Cambridge. 20 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101113213834/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/conference/EDSAC99/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+brief+informal+history+of+the+Computer+Laboratory&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2001-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cl.cam.ac.uk%2Fconference%2FEDSAC99%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100414155134/http://www.arcnet.com/resources/HistoryATA.pdf">"ARCNET Timeline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=The+LAN+turns+30%2C+but+will+it+reach+40%3F&rft.date=2008-01-31&rft.au=Lamont+Wood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2538907%2Fnetworking%2Fthe-lan-turns-30--but-will-it-reach-40-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-European_Parliament_Archives-2021-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-European_Parliament_Archives-2021_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-European_Parliament_Archives-2021_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuropean_Parliament_Archives2021" class="citation web cs1">European Parliament Archives (January 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616175401/https://enricomassetti.com/the-european-parliament-electronic-voting-system/">"Voting system Tender Specifications - 1979"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2021</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Year of The LAN' is a long-standing joke, and I freely admit to being the comedian that first declared it in 1982...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Will+The+Year+of+the+ISDN+be+1994+or+1995%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=52&rft.date=1993-12-27&rft.aulast=Metcalfe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFzsEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/java/quotes1999.html">"Quotes in 1999"</a>. <i>Cafe au Lait Java News and Resources</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414043142/http://www.ibiblio.org/java/quotes1999.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-25</span></span>. <q>...you will remember numerous computer magazines, over numerous years, announcing 'the year of the LAN.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cafe+au+Lait+Java+News+and+Resources&rft.atitle=Quotes+in+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fjava%2Fquotes1999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerot" class="citation web cs1">Herot, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://herot.typepad.com/cherot/2010/10/connected-health-symposium.html">"Christopher Herot's Weblog"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Network+World&rft.atitle=Wading+Through+Plethora+of+Options+Poses+Challenge+for+Life+on+the+Fast+LAN&rft.pages=41%2C+44%2C+46-49&rft.date=1994-03-21&rft.au=Mark+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeA0EAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._SelvarajanSubrat_KarT._Srinivas2003" class="citation book cs1">A. Selvarajan; Subrat Kar; T. Srinivas (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyBSO4hf6DYC&pg=PA241"><i>Optical Fiber Communication: Principles and Systems</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 241–249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-259-08220-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-259-08220-7"><bdi>978-1-259-08220-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Optical+Fiber+Communication%3A+Principles+and+Systems&rft.pages=241-249&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-259-08220-7&rft.au=A.+Selvarajan&rft.au=Subrat+Kar&rft.au=T.+Srinivas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuyBSO4hf6DYC%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/504531637">"Italian TV network RAI on the voting system"</a>. 25 January 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117220933/https://vimeo.com/504531637">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+TV+network+RAI+on+the+voting+system&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvimeo.com%2F504531637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160910065750/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142433224.html">"Big pipe on campus: Ohio institutions implement a 10-Gigabit Ethernet switched-fiber backbone to enable high-speed desktop applications over UTP copper"</a>, <i>Communications News</i>, 2005-03-01, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142433224.html">the original</a> on 2016-09-10, <q>As alternatives were considered, fiber to the desk was evaluated, yet only briefly due to the added costs for fiber switches, cables and NICs. "Copper is still going to be a driving force to the desktop for the future, especially as long as the price for fiber components remains higher than for copper."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+News&rft.atitle=Big+pipe+on+campus%3A+Ohio+institutions+implement+a+10-Gigabit+Ethernet+switched-fiber+backbone+to+enable+high-speed+desktop+applications+over+UTP+copper&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-142433224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026082752/http://networkbits.net/lan-components/local-area-network-lan-basic-components/">"A Review of the Basic Components of a Local Area Network (LAN)"</a>. NetworkBits.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://networkbits.net/lan-components/local-area-network-lan-basic-components/">the original</a> on 2020-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Review+of+the+Basic+Components+of+a+Local+Area+Network+%28LAN%29&rft.pub=NetworkBits.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnetworkbits.net%2Flan-components%2Flocal-area-network-lan-basic-components%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALocal+area+network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Local_area_network&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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