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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經過" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經過"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>經過</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經過-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>影響</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疑雲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疑雲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>疑雲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疑雲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">天京之變</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。5种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjing_incident" title="Tianjing incident – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tianjing incident" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Tianjing" title="Massacre de Tianjing – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Massacre de Tianjing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%8B%E5%A4%89" title="天京事変 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天京事変" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%82%AC%EB%B3%80" title="천경사변 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천경사변" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%B1_bi%E1%BA%BFn_Thi%C3%AAn_Kinh" title="Sự biến Thiên Kinh – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sự biến Thiên Kinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q835616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%94%B0%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="金田起义">金田</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%A9%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三里圩之戰（页面不存在）">三里圩</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89%E7%AA%81%E5%9C%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永安突圍（页面不存在）">永安</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="長沙戰役 (1852年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Changsha (1852)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1852%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長沙戰役 (1852年)（页面不存在）">長沙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1852)" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Changsha (1852)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Changsha (1852)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="武昌戰役 (1852年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Wuchang"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A6%E6%98%8C%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9_(1852%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="武昌戰役 (1852年)（页面不存在）">武昌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wuchang" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Wuchang"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Wuchang</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%AE%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="江宁之战">江寧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="太平天國西征">西征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E5%8C%97%E4%BC%90" title="太平天國北伐">北伐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太平天國東征" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eastern Expedition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太平天國東征（页面不存在）">東征</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Expedition" class="extiw" title="en:Eastern Expedition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eastern Expedition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E8%BB%8D%E4%B8%80%E7%A0%B4%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E7%87%9F" title="太平軍一破江南大營">一破江南大營</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">天京之變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B2%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="三河之战">三河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8C%E7%A0%B4%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A5" title="太平军二破江南大营">二破江南大營</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9_(%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD)" title="杭州战役 (太平天国)">杭州战役</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="浙江之战">浙江</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%86%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="安庆之战">安慶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%86%9B%E8%BF%9B%E6%94%BB%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" title="太平军进攻上海">上海</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="關中攻防戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Guanzhong (1861)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%9C%E4%B8%AD%E6%94%BB%E9%98%B2%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="關中攻防戰（页面不存在）">關中</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Guanzhong_(1861)" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Guanzhong (1861)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Guanzhong (1861)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E8%8A%B1%E8%87%BA%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="雨花臺戰役">雨花臺</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="慈溪之戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Cixi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%88%E6%BA%AA%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慈溪之戰（页面不存在）">慈溪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cixi" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Cixi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Cixi</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="常州之戰 (1863年-1864年)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Changzhou"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%B8%E5%B7%9E%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0_(1863%E5%B9%B4-1864%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="常州之戰 (1863年-1864年)（页面不存在）">常州</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Changzhou" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Changzhou"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Changzhou</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%A0%E5%9F%8E" title="湘军南京屠城">第三次南京</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="湖北包圍戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Hubei"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E5%8C%85%E5%9C%8D%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="湖北包圍戰（页面不存在）">湖北</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hubei" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Hubei"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Hubei</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="福建之戰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Battle of Fujian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福建之戰（页面不存在）">福建</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fujian" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Fujian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Battle of Fujian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_(page_23_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg/220px-NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg/330px-NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg/440px-NCPSSD-71020798_%E7%B9%A1%E5%83%8F%E5%89%BF%E9%80%86%E5%9C%96%E8%80%83%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7_%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%8C_%28page_23_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>「<b>天京之變</b>」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>又稱「<b>天京事變</b>」，「<b>天京變亂</b>」，也有學者称作「楊（楊秀清）韋（韋昌輝）內訌」或「楊韋事件」，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="太平天國">太平天國</a>領導層的一次嚴重內訌。發生於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>後期的1856年，地點在首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="天京">天京</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%98%87" class="mw-redirect" title="江蘇">江蘇</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="南京">南京</a>），東王<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E7%A7%80%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="楊秀清">楊秀清</a>、北王<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%98%8C%E8%BC%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="韋昌輝">韋昌輝</a>及燕王<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%97%A5%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="秦日綱">秦日綱</a>在此事件中被殺，包括翼王<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%81%94%E9%96%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="石達開">石達開</a>的全部親人（石達開本人逃出），軍、民共有約兩萬人喪命。「天京事變」被視為導致太平天國失敗的其中一個重要原因，亦是太平天國由盛而衰的轉捩點。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1851年，天王<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%A7%80%E5%85%A8" title="洪秀全">洪秀全</a>在「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6" title="永安建制">永安封王</a>」時，命其他四王歸東王楊秀清節制。自從南王<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AE%E9%9B%B2%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="馮雲山">馮雲山</a>及西王<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%AD%E6%9C%9D%E8%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="蕭朝貴">蕭朝貴</a>相繼戰死後，權力更加集中在東王一人身上。 </p><p>在太平天國前期，實權由<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%B8%AB" title="軍師">軍師</a>掌握，天王雖然地位在各王之上，然而在制度上是一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E4%BD%8D%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="虛位元首">虛位元首</a>，實際權力在正軍師東王楊秀清手上。另外重要的是，洪秀全在1848年承认「天父下凡」<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E8%BA%AB" title="附身">附身</a>楊秀清後，楊秀清不時假託「天父下凡」發令，連洪秀全也要聽從楊秀清的命令。 </p><p>太平天國<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%BC%8E" title="定鼎">定鼎</a>于天京後，東王與其他諸王的關係日趨緊張。北王曾因下屬犯錯而被東王下令杖责，北王韦昌辉的族兄因為跟東王的妾兄發生財產爭執而惹怒東王，東王叫北王議罪，北王被迫把族兄<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%86%E5%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="五馬分屍">五馬分屍</a>。翼王<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%81%94%E9%96%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="石達開">石達開</a>的岳父<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%8E%89%E5%B4%91" title="黃玉崑">黃玉崑</a>因公事開罪東王，被杖刑三百，革去爵位及降職，同一事件亦令燕王秦日綱及另一高官<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%89%BF%E7%91%A2" title="陳承瑢">陳承瑢</a>被東王杖刑。即使是天王，也多次被東王假借「天父下凡」以杖刑威嚇。由於東王權大，眾人往往敢怒而不敢言。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經過"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E9.81.8E"></span>經過</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：經過"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1856年6月20日，太平軍攻破清軍<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%A6%AE" title="向榮">向榮</a>的江南大營，解天京三年之圍。向榮在8月9日死後，其死訊不久便傳入天京，東王楊秀清見當時太平軍形勢大好，權力欲望極度膨脹。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1856年8月，東王楊秀清假稱「天父下凡」，召天王洪秀全到東王府。「天父<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E8%BA%AB" title="附身">附身</a>」的東王對天王說：“尔与东王皆为我子，东王有咁（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="客語">客語</a>，意為「這麼」）大功劳，何止称九千岁？”洪秀全說：「東王打江山，亦當是<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%AD%B2" title="萬歲">萬歲</a>。」「天父」又問：“东世子岂止是千岁？”洪說：“东王既万岁，世子亦便是万岁，且世代皆万岁。”「天父」大喜說：「我回天矣。」<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>「天父」要求洪秀全把東王楊秀清由「九千歲」封為「萬歲」，洪秀全當時假裝同意，為表示慶賀推延至楊秀清生日（公曆當年9月23日）時正式封萬歲。洪秀全其後密詔，要领兵在外的北王<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%98%8C%E8%BE%89" title="韦昌辉">韦昌辉</a>、翼王<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%80" title="石达开">石达开</a>等人誅殺楊秀清。還有一說，此時北王韋昌輝請求天王誅殺東王，天王不肯。及陳承瑢後來向天王告密，謂楊秀清有弒君篡位之企圖，天王密詔韦昌辉、石达开及燕王鏟除楊秀清。<sup id="cite_ref-main44_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-main44-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>“杨秀清逼封万岁”的說法，來自李秀成被俘後的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%A7%80%E6%88%90%E8%87%AA%E8%BF%B0" title="李秀成自述">李秀成自述</a>》，石達開臨刑前的口供則說洪故意加封。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>燕王秦日纲亲信部属<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="爱尔兰人">爱尔兰人</a>「肯能」逃回欧洲的口述记录资料只字未提；<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>收录在《太平天国》资料丛刊中的《石达开自述》与晚近发现的《三略汇编·石达开自述》，均未提及杨秀清挟洪秀全去“逼封为万岁”的事，也未提到杨秀清有任何叛逆行为。 </p><p>韋昌輝率三千精兵趕回天京，9月1日夜在城外與秦日纲會合，陳承瑢開南门接應。<sup id="cite_ref-main46_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-main46-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>眾軍在凌晨突襲東王府，東王杨秀清被殺，東王府內數千男女，包括東王妻妾五十四人同被殺盡。 </p><p>隨後韋昌輝以搜捕“东党”为名，大杀异己，平民也不能幸免。总计被杀的军民约有两万余人。 </p><p>翼王石達開9月26日（一说杨秀清被杀的六星期后）到天京，在天王府會晤韋昌輝，韋昌輝和秦日纲给翼王石達開看了他们诛杀杨秀清的行动过程记录。因韋昌輝大开杀戒，石達開亦有部屬在亂中被殺，責備韋昌輝濫殺之事，说：“你们杀了东王和他们的主要将领还不满足？为何还要杀这么多为我们打仗的弟兄？”……石達開说：“你们既然已经走到这个地步，你们自己可以了结这件事，我就不管了。”两人不歡而散，石达开認為韋昌輝會報復，当天晚上悄悄集合他的大部分部隊要逃出城，来到西门，但不经韋昌輝许可是不得出城的。石達開部隊就杀死守门的衛兵出了城。果如其然，韋昌輝率兵要殺石達開，未能捉拿石達開，於是盡殺石達開家屬及其王府部屬。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>石達開從<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%86%E5%BA%9C" title="安庆府">安慶</a>起兵討伐韋昌輝，求天王殺韋昌輝以謝天下。天京以外的太平軍大多支持石達開。 </p><p>由於害怕再起兵變，天王派人当众谴责韦昌辉：“你跟我，若沒有東王就沒有今天，我本來沒有殺他之意，現在既然已經捕殺了東王，東王部下們又有甚麼錯？又要把他們全部殺掉！應該以天父好生之德為念，放了他們才對！”韦昌辉闻言大怒：“我为他（指天王）除掉了大害，如今反责备我，是想沽名釣譽嗎？”<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>北王在勢急下攻打天王府，但最終敗於效忠天王的將士，北王韋昌輝於11月2日被殺，其首級被函送安徽石達開營中驗收；其幫兇燕王秦日綱及陳承瑢不久亦被處死，天京之變告一段落。 </p><p>後來天王撤銷了楊秀清的圖謀<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%A1%E4%BD%8D" title="篡位">篡位</a>罪名。一八五九年，洪秀全接受堂弟洪仁玕的建議，為進一步安撫楊秀清的舊部，彌補信仰危機，挽回人心，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%8D" title="平反">平反</a>了楊秀清，將九月二日（『天曆』七月二十七日）楊被殺之日定為「東王升天節」。洪秀全的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%94%E4%BB%A4%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8" title="詔令文書">上谕</a>：“七月念七东升节，天国代代莫些忘。谢爷降托赎病主，乃僉世人转天堂。天国代代遵三重，天情真道福无穷。妄为推测有何益？可怜叛爷成臭虫。”即教导臣民千万不要推测构成冤案的原因，“叛爷”指韦昌辉、秦日纲和陈承镕三人。洪秀全在给英国公使<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="额尔金">额尔金</a>的《赐额尔金诏》中谈到杨秀清的死因时说东王是被“陷害”的，<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>相当于太平天国官方公布的东王被杀原因是遭陷害。韦昌辉、秦日纲和陈承瑢<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E8%AF%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="伏诛">伏诛</a>后，洪秀全没有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%AA%E8%BF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="株连">株连</a>他们的族人，例如陳承瑢的胞侄<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%8E%89%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="陳玉成">陳玉成</a>便成為天京事變後支撐天國的一名大員。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天京事變後，太平天國內人心開始渙散，軍事形勢逆轉，清軍陸續在各戰場得勝，太平天國的控制區大為縮小，即使後來太平軍攻下江浙一帶，形勢上也一直處于下風。 </p><p>北王韋昌輝死後，翼王石達開執政，天王洪秀全開始重用其洪氏兄弟以牽制石達開，导致石達開在1857年帶領大軍出走，更令太平天國雪上加霜。 </p><p>太平天國初期由軍師主政的政制，在天京事變及翼王出走後已名存實亡。後期的太平天國，天王雖然掌握了實權，然而當時的政府架構頗為混亂，加速了太平天國的滅亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疑雲"><span id=".E7.96.91.E9.9B.B2"></span>疑雲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：疑雲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有人認為楊秀清「逼封萬歲」一事並不真確，只是洪秀全殺楊的藉口，<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>當時太平天國刊行的《天父天兄聖旨》也沒有提及此事，但至今未有足夠証據支持「無逼封萬歲」說。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>唐德剛。《晚清七十年（貳：太平天國）》。台北：遠流，1998年。<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9573235137" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9573235137</a>。</li> <li>羅爾綱。《太平天國史》。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《論天京之變》，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E7%81%9D%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="辛灝年">辛灝年</a>，湖南人民出版社，1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200620144124/http://book.sina.com.cn/excerpt/sz/rw/2009-12-22/1131264469.shtml">太平天国血腥悲剧：天京事变兄弟大火拼</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-06-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.sina.com.cn/excerpt/sz/rw/2009-12-22/1131264469.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2020-06-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%80%E8%85%A5%E6%82%B2%E5%89%A7%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F%E5%A4%A7%E7%81%AB%E6%8B%BC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.sina.com.cn%2Fexcerpt%2Fsz%2Frw%2F2009-12-22%2F1131264469.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">张德坚：《贼情汇纂》卷六：“夫首逆数人起自草莽结盟，寝食必俱，情同骨肉。且有事聚商于一室，得计便行。机警迅速，故能成燎原之势。今踞江宁，为繁华迷惑，养尊处优，专务于声色货利，往之倚为心腹股肱者，今乃彼此暌隔，猜忌日生。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張汝南，《金陵省難紀略》（楊秀清）诡为天父下凡，召洪贼至，谓曰：「爾與東王，皆為我子，東王有咁大功勞，何止稱九千歲？」洪贼曰：“东王打江山，亦当是万岁。”又曰：「東世子豈止千歲？」洪贼曰：「東王既稱萬歲，世子亦當是萬歲，且世代皆萬歲。」东贼伪为天父喜而曰：「我回天矣。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-main44-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-main44_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="羅爾綱">羅爾綱</a>，《太平天國史》卷四十四。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">刘晨. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.people.com.cn/GB/n1/2016/1104/c372327-28836199.html">“天京事变”爆发前杨秀清为何急欲晋位“万岁”</a>. 人民网. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182429/http://history.people.com.cn/GB/n1/2016/1104/c372327-28836199.html">存档</a>于2017-03-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98%E2%80%9D%E7%88%86%E5%8F%91%E5%89%8D%E6%9D%A8%E7%A7%80%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E6%80%A5%E6%AC%B2%E6%99%8B%E4%BD%8D%E2%80%9C%E4%B8%87%E5%B2%81%E2%80%9D&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E6%99%A8&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.people.com.cn%2FGB%2Fn1%2F2016%2F1104%2Fc372327-28836199.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">布列治门（Bridgman）和麦高文（Macgowan）根据一位自称是此事件目击者爱尔兰人肯能（Canny）的口述，分别写了《太平天国东北两王内讧纪实》和《太平天国东王北王内讧详记》，先后登载在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8F%AF%E6%8D%B7%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="北華捷報">北华捷报</a>》（North——China Herald）。中译版见: 布列治门《太平天国东北两王内讧纪实》，《逸经》第十七期第二十三——二十五页；麦高文《太平天国东王北王内讧详记》，《逸经》第三十三期，第十七页——二十三页。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-main46-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-main46_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="羅爾綱">羅爾綱</a>，《太平天國史》卷四十六。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《石达开自述》：“达开闻信，回南京与他们排解。因见事机不好，就到安徽，妻子都在南京城内，皆被韦昌辉所杀。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張汝南《金陵省難紀略》洪賊使人謂曰：“尔、我，非东王不至此，我本无杀渠之意，而今已拿戮之，其下属何辜，又尽杀之，毋乃傷天父好生心，以宽纵为宜。”北賊怒曰：“我为渠除大害，今反責我，欲沽名耶！”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">洪秀全《赐英国全权特使<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="额尔金">额尔金</a>诏》： “爷遣东王来赎病，眼蒙耳聋口无声，受了无尽的辛战，战妖损破颈跌横。爷爷预先降圣旨，师由外出苦难清，期至朝观遭陷害，爷爷圣旨总成行．”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">史式. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jds.cass.cn/Item/6198.aspx">《“逼封万岁”的谣言是怎么来的？》</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170301180823/http://jds.cass.cn/Item/6198.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. 中华文史网</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="太平天国" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="Template:太平天国"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:太平天国（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:太平天国"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="太平天国" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="太平天国">太平天国</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重要事件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%94%B0%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="金田起义">金田起义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6" title="永安建制">永安建制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%9A%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="定都天京（页面不存在）">定都天京</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">天京事变</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%81" title="太平天國西征">翼王西征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AC%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="天京陷落">天京陷落</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%86%9B%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%A0%E5%9F%8E" title="湘军南京屠城">湘军南京屠城</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织制度</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E6%9C%83" title="拜上帝會">拜上帝會</a></li></ul> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%9D%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%A9%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="天朝田亩制度">天朝田亩制</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%86%9B%E7%9B%AE" title="太平军目">太平军目</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93%E6%95%91%E4%B8%96%E6%AD%8C" title="原道救世歌">原道救世歌</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93%E8%A7%89%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%AD" title="原道觉世训">原道觉世训</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93%E9%86%92%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%AD" title="原道醒世训">原道醒世训</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%88%B6%E8%AF%97" title="天父诗">天父诗</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%94%BF%E6%96%B0%E7%AF%87" title="资政新篇">资政新篇</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太平天國王號列表">诸王</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E7%A7%80%E5%85%A8" title="洪秀全">天王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E5%A4%A9%E8%B2%B4%E7%A6%8F" title="洪天貴福">幼天王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E7%A7%80%E6%B8%85" title="杨秀清">东王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%B5" title="萧朝贵">西王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E4%BA%91%E5%B1%B1" title="冯云山">南王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%98%8C%E8%BE%89" title="韦昌辉">北王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%80" title="石达开">翼王</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%97%A5%E7%BA%B2" title="秦日纲">燕王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BB%A5%E6%99%83" title="胡以晃">豫王</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E4%BB%81%E7%8E%95" title="洪仁玕">干王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E7%8E%89%E6%88%90" title="陈玉成">英王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%A7%80%E6%88%90" title="李秀成">忠王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%BE%97%E6%81%A9" title="蒙得恩">赞王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%B8%96%E8%B4%A4" title="李世贤">侍王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E8%BC%94%E6%B8%85" title="楊輔清">辅王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%BE%97%E6%89%8D" title="陈得才">扶王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%88%90%E5%AF%8C" title="梁成富">启王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%96%E6%96%87%E5%85%89" title="赖文光">遵王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E6%88%90%E6%98%A5" title="藍成春">祜王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%B3%B3%E7%A5%A5" title="林鳳祥">求王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%80%E8%8A%B3" title="李开芳">请王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9A%E7%B4%B9%E5%85%89" title="譚紹光">慕王</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E8%99%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="太平天國王號列表">太平天国诸王</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD%E7%88%B5%E4%BD%8D" title="太平天国爵位">六等爵</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E7%88%B5" title="義爵">義爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%88%B5" title="安爵">安爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%B5" title="福爵">福爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E7%88%B5" title="燕爵">燕爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AB%E7%88%B5" title="豫爵">豫爵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E7%88%B5" title="侯爵">侯爵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">太平军</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E5%B8%AB" title="軍師">軍師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9E%E7%9B%B8" title="丞相">丞相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3)" title="將軍 (東亞古代)">将军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E5%88%B6" title="總制">總制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E8%BB%8D" title="監軍">監軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E5%B8%85" title="军帅">军帅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E5%B8%85_(%E5%AE%98%E8%81%8C)" title="师帅 (官职)">师帅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E5%B8%85" title="旅帅">旅帅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%92%E9%95%BF" title="卒长">卒长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC" title="两司马">两司马</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%86%9B" title="湘军">湘军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%BB%E5%86%9B" title="捻军">捻军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%88%80%E4%BC%9A" title="小刀会">小刀会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>注：1.太平军前期最高指挥官为军师，即后期为诸王（永安五王）。2.丞相于军中文官主要为军师于军事及行政中的辅助性官员。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=天京之變&oldid=83352621">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=天京之變&oldid=83352621</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="Category:太平天国">太平天国</a></li><li><a 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