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href="/wiki/Television_in_Bermuda" title="Television in Bermuda">television stations</a>, a small cable <a href="/wiki/Microwave_transmission" title="Microwave transmission">microwave system</a>, three public <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> services (<a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_One" title="Cellular One">One Communications</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paradisemobile.bm">Paradise Mobile</a>), multiple <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine cables</a> (CB-1, <a href="/wiki/Gemini_(submarine_communications_cable)" title="Gemini (submarine communications cable)">Gemini Bermuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/GlobeNet" title="GlobeNet">GlobeNet</a>, CBUS), and two main <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service providers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digicel" title="Digicel">Digicel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cellular_One" title="Cellular One">One Communications</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telephone">Telephone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Telephone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Country_calling_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Country calling code">Country Code</a>: <a href="/wiki/Area_code_441" title="Area code 441">+1 (441)</a></b><br /> <b><a href="/wiki/International_Call_Prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="International Call Prefix">International Call Prefix</a>: 011</b> (outside the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">North American Numbering Plan</a> (NANP)) </p><p>Calls from Bermuda to the US, Canada, and other NANP nations are dialed as 1 + NANP area code + 7-digit number. Calls from Bermuda to non-NANP countries are dialed as 011 + country code + phone number with local area code. </p><p><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan#Dialing_procedures" title="North American Numbering Plan"><b>Number Format</b></a>: nxx-xxxx </p> <ul><li>Telephones - main lines in use: 57,700 (2006)</li> <li>Telephones - mobile cellular: 60,100 (2006)</li> <li>Telephone system: <ul><li>general assessment: good</li> <li>domestic: fully automatic telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines</li> <li>international: country code - 1 (441); landing point for the Atlantica-1 telecommunications submarine cable that extends from the US to Brazil; satellite earth stations - 3 (2007)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio">Radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a> broadcast stations: <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> 0, <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> 7, shortwave 1 (2021)</li></ul> <p>There are three main broadcasting companies in Bermuda: LTT Broadcasting Co. Ltd. (Irie), The <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Broadcasting Company">Bermuda Broadcasting Company</a> Ltd. (ZFB/ZBM) (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>), and Inter-Island Communications Ltd. (Hott/Magic). </p><p>The BBC owns four with the call signs of 2 with ZFB and two with the call signs ZBM. One of BBC's popular stations include Power 95 (94.9). It plays mostly hip hop, R&B, and reggae. It has been popular over the years, until competition from Hott 107.5 began. </p><p>The recent change of LTT Broadcasting's Jazz format and frequency from 98.1 to 98.3 in November 2010 to Roots and Classic Reggae (www.irie.bm) has shifted audience from Power 94.9 and Hott 107.5 to place overall second in the market in the broad 18-54 demographic based on research from Research Innovations Ltd in February 2011. </p><p>In April 2004 2 FM licenses were assigned to each Inter-Island Communications and LTT Broadcasting Co. Ltd. Inter-Island Communications operates Hott 107.5 FM, which plays a mixture of R&B, hip hop, reggae and some gospel. Overnight Hott 107.5 FM became the number one radio station in Bermuda. The Programme Director and part owner for the station was Elroy RC Smith, formerly of <a href="/wiki/WGCI-FM" title="WGCI-FM">WGCI-FM</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>, who is widely respected as one of the top PD in America. He has since departed from the station. Inter-Island Communications Ltd. launched its Adult Contemporary station, Magic 102.7 FM in February 2007. Reggae star Collie Buddz (real name: Collin Harper) & his brother Matthew Harper started "Vibe 103" on March 30, 2012, under the corporate name of Harper Digital. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bermuda">Government of Bermuda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Maritime_Operations_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Maritime Operations Centre">Maritime Operations Centre</a> has also set up a shortwave radio station in 2007 (call-sign: ZBR), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.marops.bm">[1]</a> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bermuda">Government of Bermuda</a> also operates a radio station at 100.1 FM to broadcast emergency information, such as hurricane watches and warnings. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bermuda">Government of Bermuda</a> also operates a DGPS beacon for Maritime 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.navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bermuda_Radio" title="Template:Bermuda Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bermuda_Radio" title="Template talk:Bermuda Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bermuda_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bermuda Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Hamilton,_Bermuda584" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1490</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZBB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZBB-FM (page does not exist)">ZBB 1610</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">SW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Radio">ZBR/ZBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZBM-FM 89.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZFB-FM 94.9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VRBF-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VRBF-FM (page does not exist)">VRBF-FM 98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZBB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZBB-FM (page does not exist)">ZBB-FM 100.1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFM-FM_(Bermuda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFM-FM (Bermuda) (page does not exist)">ZFM-FM 102.7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFV-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFV-FM (page does not exist)">ZFV-FM 103.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZFB-1 105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFH-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFH-FM (page does not exist)">ZFH-FM 107.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Weather_radio" title="Weather radio">Weather</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Radio">ZBR 162.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Radio">ZBR 162.55</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By branding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">BBC World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Radio">Bermuda Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">Bermuda Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZBB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZBB-FM (page does not exist)">Emergency Measures Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFH-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFH-FM (page does not exist)">Hott 107.5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VRBF-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VRBF-FM (page does not exist)">Irie 98.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFM-FM_(Bermuda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFM-FM (Bermuda) (page does not exist)">Magic 102.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBM-FM" class="mw-redirect" title="ZBM-FM">Ocean 89</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFB-FM (page does not exist)">Power 95</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFV-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFV-FM (page does not exist)">Vibe 103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dark_(broadcasting)" title="Dark (broadcasting)">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZFB 960/1230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-3 (page does not exist)">VSB-3 1160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZBM-1 1230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-2 (page does not exist)">VSB-2 1280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZBM-2 1340</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-1 (page does not exist)">VSB-1 1450</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-FM (page does not exist)">VSB-FM 106.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other islands</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Bahamas_Radio" title="Template:Bahamas Radio">Bahamas</a></dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:UK_Virgin_Islands_Radio" title="Template:UK Virgin Islands Radio">British Virgin Islands</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Bermuda">Communications in Bermuda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bermuda_TV" title="Template:Bermuda TV">Bermuda TV</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Organised by frequency, the stations are listed below: </p> <ul><li>89.1 FM <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZBM-FM</a> "Ocean 89" / Bermuda Broadcasting</li> <li>94.9 FM <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">ZFB-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127034943/http://power95.bm/">ZFB-FM</a> "Power 95" / Bermuda Broadcasting</li> <li>98.3 FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=VRBF-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VRBF-FM (page does not exist)">VRBF-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irie.bm/">"Irie 98.3" VRBF</a> / LTT</li> <li>100.1 FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZBB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZBB-FM (page does not exist)">ZBB-FM</a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bermuda">Government of Bermuda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.bm/department/emergency-measures-organisation">Emergency Measures Organisation Information</a></li> <li>102.7 FM <a href="/wiki/ZFM-FM" title="ZFM-FM">ZFM-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magic1027bermuda.com/">"Magic 102.7" WMJ-FM</a> / Inter-Island</li> <li>103.3 FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFV-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFV-FM (page does not exist)">ZFV-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vibe103.com/">"Vibe 103"</a> / Harper Digital</li> <li>107.5 FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=ZFH-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZFH-FM (page does not exist)">ZFH-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hott1075.com/">"Hott 107.5" WHT-FM</a> / Inter-Island</li> <li>162.4 and 162.55 <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Radio">ZBR</a> <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Maritime_Operations_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Maritime Operations Centre">Bermuda Maritime Operations Centre</a></li></ul> <p>Defunct: </p> <ul><li>960 AM <a href="/wiki/ZFB" class="mw-redirect" title="ZFB">ZFB</a></li> <li>1230 ZBM-1</li> <li>1340 ZBM-2</li> <li>1160 AM <a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-3 (page does not exist)">VSB-3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vsbbermuda.com/">http://www.vsbbermuda.com/</a> (BBC UK) / DeFontes</li> <li>1280 AM <a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-2 (page does not exist)">VSB-2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vsbbermuda.com/">http://www.vsbbermuda.com/</a> (Bible Broadcasting Network) / DeFontes</li> <li>1450 AM <a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-1 (page does not exist)">VSB-1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vsbbermuda.com/">http://www.vsbbermuda.com/</a> "Gold AM" / DeFontes</li> <li>106.1 FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-FM (page does not exist)">VSB-FM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vsbbermuda.com">http://www.vsbbermuda.com</a> "Mix 106" VSB-FM / DeFontes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">Television</a> broadcast stations: 2 (2014) ZFB Channel 7, ZBM Channel 9</li></ul> <p>Since 2014, the Bermuda Broadcasting Company (BBC, not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in the mainland UK) is the sole company operating television stations on Bermuda. It operates <a href="/wiki/ZBM-TV" title="ZBM-TV">ZBM-TV</a> channel 9, a <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> affiliate, and <a href="/wiki/ZFB-TV" title="ZFB-TV">ZFB-TV</a> channel 7, an <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> affiliate. Until 2014, there was a third station on the island, <a href="/wiki/VSB-TV" title="VSB-TV">VSB-TV</a> channel 11, an <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> affiliate, owned by the locally based DeFontes Group. All of these television stations are commercial - there is no equivalent to the US's <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>, and the UK's <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> in Bermuda. Another TV station, Fresh Creations, is a community TV station. Another channel, called Look TV, is primarily a rolling calendar of events. There is also a Government information service channel, which highlights history and current event programmes produced by the Government's information department. </p><p>All five TV channels are transmitted over the air, however most residents use cable for reception. </p><p>In recent years, there had been talk <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060323/NEWS/103230127&SearchID=73240951740102">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060310/MIDOCEAN/103100145&SearchID=73240951740102">[3]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060302/NEWS/103020108&SearchID=73240951740102">[4]</a> in the Bermudian government of creating its own TV station, saying that it is needed "to speak directly to the public 'in an unmediated and unedited fashion'"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060302/NEWS/103020108&SearchID=73240951740102">[5]</a>, while critics state that it will be no more than a propaganda exercise. </p><p>Satellite television is also used, but was unreliable when the only satellites available are those mainly servicing the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and placed on the edge of the reception area. In 2013, Bermuda started their own telecommunication industry when it obtained the <a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VI" title="EchoStar VI">Bermudasat 1 (former private American EchoStar VI)</a> satellite that was moved to Bermuda's owned geostationary point at 96.2° West. </p><p>Digital TV cable is available, as is wireless. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet">Internet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Providers" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Service Providers">Internet Service Providers</a> (ISPs): 4 (2002)</li> <li>Internet hosts: 1,628 (2008)</li> <li>Internet users: 48,000 (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="Country codes">Country codes</a>: .bm</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/.bm" title=".bm">.bm</a> code is controlled by the Bermuda Government's Department of Intellectual Property, a part of the Registry General and administered by CSSD, the government's IT support group. The .bm domains are primarily granted to Licensed Businesses. Private accounts do exist, however. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <p><i>Much of the material in this article is adapted from the <a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a> 2009.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bermuda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt?space=Opener&control=OpenObject&cached=true&parentname=CommunityPage&parentid=4&in_hi_ClassID=512&in_hi_userid=2&in_hi_ObjectID=330&in_hi_OpenerMode=2&">[6]</a> Bermuda Government's Telecommunications home page.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://pirate-jim.weebly.com/bermuda-radio.html">[7]</a> List of Bermuda radio stations w/ streaming links</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.submarinecablemap.com/#/submarine-cable/challenger-bermuda-1-cb-1">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bermuda" title="Television in Bermuda">Television in Bermuda</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bermuda_articles583" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bermuda_topics" title="Template:Bermuda topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bermuda_topics" title="Template talk:Bermuda topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bermuda_topics" 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href="/wiki/Bermuda_sloop" title="Bermuda sloop">Sloop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">Colonisation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">London Company</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_Venture" title="Sea Venture">Sea Venture</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Somers" title="George Somers">George Somers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles_Company" title="Somers Isles Company">Somers Isles Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Butler" title="Nathaniel Butler">Nathaniel Butler</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bermuda" title="Military of Bermuda">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Base_Command" title="Bermuda Base Command">Bermuda Base Command (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militias_1612%E2%80%931815" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militias 1612–1815">Militias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1612%E2%80%931687" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1612–1687">1612–1687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1687%E2%80%931813" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1687–1813">1687–1813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_1813" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Militia 1813">1813</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_and_West_Indies_Station" title="North America and West Indies Station">North American Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force,_Bermuda_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Royal Air Force, Bermuda (1939–1945)">RAF in Bermuda during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USN_Submarine_Base,_Ordnance_Island,_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island, Bermuda">USN Submarine Base, Ordnance Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_Volunteer/Territorial_Army_Units_1895%E2%80%931965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bermuda Volunteer/Territorial Army Units 1895–1965 (page does not exist)">Volunteer/Territorial Army Units 1895–1965</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda" title="Coat of arms of Bermuda"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="925" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bermuda" title="Geography of Bermuda">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Triangle" title="Bermuda Triangle">Bermuda Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Institute_of_Ocean_Sciences" title="Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences">Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Bermuda" title="List of islands of Bermuda">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_National_Trust" title="Bermuda National Trust">National Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spittal_Pond_Nature_Reserve" title="Spittal Pond Nature Reserve">Spittal Pond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_Bermuda" title="Category:Environment of Bermuda">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife of Bermuda">Flora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_onion#Bermuda_onions" title="Sweet onion">Bermuda onion</a> (cultivated)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casuarina" title="Casuarina">Casuarina</a></i> (invasive)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaeodendron_laneanum" title="Elaeodendron laneanum">Elaeodendron laneanum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_bermudiana" title="Juniperus bermudiana">Juniperus bermudiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum">Lilium longiflorum</a></i> (cultivated)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabal_bermudana" title="Sabal bermudana">Sabal bermudana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sisyrinchium_bermudiana" title="Sisyrinchium bermudiana">Sisyrinchium bermudiana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife of Bermuda">Fauna</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_land_snail" title="Bermuda land snail">Bermuda land snail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_petrel" title="Bermuda petrel">Bermuda petrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_rock_skink" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda rock skink">Bermuda rock skink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ground_dove" title="Common ground dove">Common ground dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_bluebird" title="Eastern bluebird">Eastern bluebird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_catbird" title="Gray catbird">Gray catbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_kiskadee" title="Great kiskadee">Great kiskadee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">Humpback whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">Mourning dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_cardinal" title="Northern cardinal">Northern cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-eyed_vireo" title="White-eyed vireo">White-eyed vireo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_tropicbird" title="White-tailed tropicbird">White-tailed tropicbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-crowned_night_heron" title="Yellow-crowned night heron">Yellow-crowned night heron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bermuda" title="List of schools in Bermuda">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Berkeley_Institute" title="The Berkeley Institute">Berkeley Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbridge_Academy" title="Cedarbridge Academy">Cedarbridge Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_High_School" title="Bermuda High School">Bermuda HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Institute" title="Bermuda Institute">Bermuda Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltus_Grammar_School" title="Saltus Grammar School">Saltus Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_Academy" title="Warwick Academy">Warwick Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_College" title="Bermuda College">Bermuda College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bermuda" title="Politics of Bermuda">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bermuda" title="Elections in Bermuda">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Police_Service" title="Bermuda Police Service">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bermuda">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Bermuda" title="Parliament of Bermuda">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bermuda" title="List of political parties in Bermuda">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Premiers_of_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Premiers of Bermuda">Premiers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda" title="Economy of Bermuda">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACE_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE Limited">ACE Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar <span style="font-size: 85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Bank" title="Butterfield Bank">Butterfield Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity in Bermuda">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC_Bank_Bermuda" title="HSBC Bank Bermuda">HSBC Bank Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Industrial_Union" title="Bermuda Industrial Union">Industrial Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Monetary_Authority" title="Bermuda Monetary Authority">Monetary Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Public_Services_Association" title="Bermuda Public Services Association">Public Services Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Stock_Exchange" title="Bermuda Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bermuda" title="Transport in Bermuda">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XL_Capital" class="mw-redirect" title="XL Capital">XL Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bermuda" title="Category:Society of Bermuda">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Bermuda" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Bermuda">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Places_of_interest_in_Bermuda" title="Places of interest in Bermuda">Places of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Causeway,_Bermuda" title="The Causeway, Bermuda">The Causeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fairmont_Hamilton_Princess" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fairmont Hamilton Princess">The Fairmont Hamilton Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Bermuda" title="Government House, Bermuda">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton, Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Bermuda" title="List of lighthouses in Bermuda">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Bermuda" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda">Royal Naval Dockyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Bridge,_Bermuda" title="Somerset Bridge, Bermuda">Somerset Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Victoria Park, Hamilton, Bermuda">Victoria Park, Hamilton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Bermuda">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Broadcasting" title="Bermuda Broadcasting">Bermuda Broadcasting Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Bermuda" title="List of newspapers in Bermuda">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Bermuda" title="Postal codes in Bermuda">Postal codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bermuda" title="Television in Bermuda">TV stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bermuda" title="Culture of Bermuda">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bermuda" title="Architecture of Bermuda">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_English" title="Bermudian English">Bermudian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Bermuda" title="Coat of arms of Bermuda">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_cuisine" title="Bermudian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gombey" title="Gombey">Gombey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_kite" title="Bermuda kite">Kites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bermuda" title="Music of Bermuda">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bermuda" title="Public holidays in Bermuda">Public holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Day" title="Bermuda Day">Bermuda Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_and_recreation_in_Bermuda" title="Sports and recreation in Bermuda">Sports and recreation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bermuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Bermuda">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Bermuda" title="Anglican Church of Bermuda">Anglican Church of Bermuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity,_Bermuda" title="Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, Bermuda">Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Hamilton_in_Bermuda" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda">Roman Catholic Diocese of Hamilton in Bermuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Theresa_of_Lisieux" title="Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux">Cathedral of Saint Theresa of Lisieux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bermuda" title="Outline of Bermuda">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Bermuda-related_articles" title="Index of Bermuda-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bermuda" title="Category:Bermuda">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications_in_the_Americas413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications_in_the_Americas413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Telecommunications in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Telecommunications in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Dominica" title="Telecommunications in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Grenada" title="Telecommunications in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Telecommunications in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Telecommunications in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Venezuela" title="Telecommunications in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Telecommunications in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Guiana" title="Telecommunications in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom636" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom636" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Infrastructure<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_International" title="Babcock International">Babcock International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Wholesale_and_Ventures" title="BT Wholesale and Ventures">BT Wholesale and Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityFibre" title="CityFibre">CityFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexfibre" title="Nexfibre">Nexfibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openreach" title="Openreach">Openreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interxion" title="Interxion">Interxion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TelecityGroup" title="TelecityGroup">TelecityGroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telehouse_Europe" title="Telehouse Europe">Telehouse Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Service<br />providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_%26_Arnold" title="Andrews & Arnold">Andrews & Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asda_Mobile" title="Asda Mobile">Asda Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Consumer" class="mw-redirect" title="BT Consumer">BT Consumer</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Business_and_Public_Sector" title="BT Business and Public Sector">BT Business and Public Sector</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/BT_Global_Services" title="BT Global Services">BT Global Services</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Plusnet" title="Plusnet">Plusnet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/China_Mobile#United_Kingdom" title="China Mobile">CMLink</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claranet" title="Claranet">Claranet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Technology_Services" title="Colt Technology Services">Colt Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phone_Co-op" title="The Phone Co-op">The Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanet" title="Entanet">Entanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmarsat" title="Inmarsat">Inmarsat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Internet" title="Eclipse Internet">Eclipse Internet</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebara" title="Lebara">Lebara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycamobile" title="Lycamobile">Lycamobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sky_Broadband" title="Sky Broadband">Sky Broadband</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spusu" title="Spusu">spusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Business" title="TalkTalk Business">Business</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group#Mobile_telephony" title="TalkTalk Group">Mobile</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TV</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Plus" title="Telecom Plus">Telecom Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco_Mobile" title="Tesco Mobile">Tesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_(company)" title="3 (company)">Three</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Three_UK" title="Three UK">Three UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/SMARTY" title="SMARTY">SMARTY</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truphone" title="Truphone">Tru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/O2_(UK)" title="O2 (UK)">O2</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Giffgaff" title="Giffgaff">Giffgaff</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_Business" title="Virgin Media Business">Virgin Media Business</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Vodafone_UK" title="Vodafone UK">Vodafone UK</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Talkmobile" title="Talkmobile">Talkmobile</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voipfone" title="Voipfone">Voipfone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WightFibre" title="WightFibre">WightFibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zen_Internet" title="Zen Internet">Zen Internet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOL_Broadband" title="AOL Broadband">AOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Telegraph_Company" title="Atlantic Telegraph Company">Atlantic Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be_Un_Limited" title="Be Un Limited">Be Un Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonelli%27s_Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company">Bonelli's Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Magnetic_Telegraph_Company" title="British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph Company">British and Irish Magnetic Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_plc" title="Cable & Wireless plc">Cable & Wireless plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Worldwide" title="Cable & Wireless Worldwide">Cable & Wireless Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_Telegraph_Company" title="Electric Telegraph Company">Electric Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energis" title="Energis">Energis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Mobile" title="Family Mobile">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">General Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta_Percha_Company" title="Gutta Percha Company">Gutta Percha Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionica_(company)" title="Ionica (company)">Ionica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_District_Telegraph_Company" title="London District Telegraph Company">London & Provincial District Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Communications" title="Mercury Communications">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telephone_Company" title="National Telephone Company">National Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_UK" title="Orange UK">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovivo_Mobile" title="Ovivo Mobile">Ovivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_Office_Limited" title="Post Office Limited">Post Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipex" title="Pipex">Pipex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(telecommunications)" title="Rabbit (telecommunications)">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_by_Sainsbury%27s" title="Mobile by Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_Telegraph_Company" title="Submarine Telegraph Company">Submarine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiscali_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiscali UK">Tiscali UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_UK" title="T-Mobile UK">T-Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunk_Networks" title="Trunk Networks">Trunk Networks</a> <ul><li><small>Leetline</small></li> <li><small>No One</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Private_Telegraph_Company" title="Universal Private Telegraph Company">Universal Private Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mobile_(UK)" title="Virgin Mobile (UK)">Virgin Mobile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Suppliers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icera" title="Icera">Icera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaswitch" title="Metaswitch">Metaswitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarantel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarantel">Sarantel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirent" title="Spirent">Spirent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telent" title="Telent">Telent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSR_plc" title="CSR plc">CSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEC_Plessey_Telecommunications" title="GEC Plessey Telecommunications">GEC Plessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Communications" title="Marconi Communications">Marconi Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pace_plc" title="Pace plc">Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PicoChip" title="PicoChip">PicoChip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Telephones_and_Cables" title="Standard Telephones and Cables">Standard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; background-color:#eee">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carphone_Warehouse" title="Carphone Warehouse">Carphone Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibu" title="Hibu">Hibu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadband_Stakeholder_Group" title="Broadband Stakeholder Group">Broadband Stakeholder Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Laboratory" title="Defence Science and Technology Laboratory">Defence Science and Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations" title="European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations">European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone-paid_Services_Authority" title="Phone-paid Services Authority">Phone-paid Services Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">Industry bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="GSM Association">GSM Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Service_Providers_Association_(United_Kingdom)" title="Internet Service Providers Association (United Kingdom)">Internet Service Providers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Telephony_Services_Providers%27_Association" title="Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association">Internet Telephony Services Providers' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LONAP" title="LONAP">LONAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Internet_Exchange" title="London Internet Exchange">London Internet Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Network_Access_Point" title="Manchester Network Access Point">MaNAP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">In <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia#Communications" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antarctica" title="Telecommunications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a> (including <a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guernsey" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha#Communications" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left">History,<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adastral_Park" title="Adastral Park">Adastral Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Approvals_Board_for_Telecommunications" title="British Approvals Board for Telecommunications">British Approvals Board for Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Telecommunications_Act_1981" title="British Telecommunications Act 1981">British Telecommunications Act 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_telephone_socket" title="British telephone socket">British telephone socket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Research" title="BT Research">BT Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_site_engineering_code" title="BT site engineering code">BT site engineering code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzby" title="Buzby">Buzby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Act_2003" title="Communications Act 2003">Communications Act 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Earth_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Earth stations in the United Kingdom">Earth stations in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Colour_Pages" title="Hull Colour Pages">Hull Colour Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interception_of_Communications_Act_1985" title="Interception of Communications Act 1985">Interception of Communications Act 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet in the United Kingdom">Internet in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act" title="Telegraph Act">Telegraph Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1868" title="Telegraph Act 1868">Telegraph Act 1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_Act_1885" title="Telegraph Act 1885">Telegraph Act 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Telephone numbers in UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_telephone_code_misconceptions" title="UK telephone code misconceptions">UK telephone code misconceptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_blocking_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Web blocking in the United Kingdom">Web blocking in UK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications802" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications802" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/15px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/23px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/30px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" 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