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<li id="toc-First_years_of_the_Republic_(1931–1936)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_years_of_the_Republic_(1931–1936)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First years of the Republic (1931–1936)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_years_of_the_Republic_(1931–1936)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Civil_War_(1936–1939)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Civil_War_(1936–1939)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The Civil War (1936–1939)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Civil_War_(1936–1939)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twilight_and_end_of_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twilight_and_end_of_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Twilight and end of the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twilight_and_end_of_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_Battles_of_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_Battles_of_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Naval Battles of the Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_Battles_of_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_units_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Navy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_units_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Navy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naval units of the Spanish Republican Navy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naval_units_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Navy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Naval units of the Spanish Republican Navy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naval_units_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Navy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-April_1931_-_July_1936" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_1931_-_July_1936"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>April 1931 - July 1936</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_1931_-_July_1936-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dreadnoughts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dreadnoughts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Dreadnoughts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dreadnoughts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruisers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruisers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Cruisers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruisers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destroyers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destroyers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Destroyers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destroyers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Other vessels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Submarines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_1936_-_Early_1939" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_1936_-_Early_1939"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>July 1936 - Early 1939</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_1936_-_Early_1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dreadnoughts_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dreadnoughts_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Dreadnoughts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dreadnoughts_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cruisers_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cruisers_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Cruisers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cruisers_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destroyers_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destroyers_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Destroyers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destroyers_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Submarines_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Submarines_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Submarines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Submarines_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aeronáutica_Naval" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aeronáutica_Naval"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Aeronáutica Naval</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aeronáutica_Naval-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Infantería_de_Marina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Infantería_de_Marina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>The <i>Infantería de Marina</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Infantería_de_Marina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Spanish Republican Navy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marina de Guerra de la República Española</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_(1931-1939).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png/220px-Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png/330px-Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png/440px-Insignia_del_Cuerpo_General_-_Marina_de_Guerra_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola_%281931-1939%29.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="782" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1931 – 1939</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Republican Armed Forces">Spanish Republican Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Maritime and coastal defence</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_in_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection in Asturias">Insurrection in Asturias</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><small><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Buiza_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Palacios" title="Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios">Miguel Buiza Fdez.-Palacios</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ubieta" title="Luis González de Ubieta">Luis González de Ubieta</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduardo_Armada_Sabau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduardo Armada Sabau (page does not exist)">Eduardo Armada Sabau</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_de_Azc%C3%A1rate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás de Azcárate (page does not exist)">Tomás de Azcárate</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Azarola_y_Gresill%C3%B3n" title="Antonio Azarola y Gresillón">Antonio Azarola y Gresillón</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camilo_Molins_Carreras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camilo Molins Carreras (page does not exist)">Camilo Molins Carreras</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Barreto_Palacios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Barreto Palacios (page does not exist)">Fernando Barreto Palacios</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaqu%C3%ADn_de_Egu%C3%ADa_y_Unzueta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquín de Eguía y Unzueta (page does not exist)">Joaquín de Eguía y Unzueta</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa_Barreiro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José García Barreiro (page does not exist)">José García Barreiro</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diego_de_Mar%C3%B3n_Jord%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diego de Marón Jordán (page does not exist)">Diego de Marón Jordán</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Navarro_Capdevila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Navarro Capdevila (page does not exist)">Fernando Navarro Capdevila</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Castro_M%C3%A1rquez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Núñez de Castro Márquez (page does not exist)">Luis Núñez de Castro Márquez</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Rodr%C3%ADguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Núñez Rodríguez (page does not exist)">José Núñez Rodríguez</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Rodr%C3%ADguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Núñez Rodríguez (page does not exist)">Manuel Núñez Rodríguez</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Prado_Mendiz%C3%A1bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Prado Mendizábal (page does not exist)">Pedro Prado Mendizábal</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_S%C3%A1nchez_Ferragut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José María Sánchez Ferragut (page does not exist)">José María Sánchez Ferragut</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Sandalio_S%C3%A1nchez_Ferragut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Sandalio Sánchez Ferragut (page does not exist)">Juan Sandalio Sánchez Ferragut</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_S%C3%A1nchez_Pinz%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis Sánchez Pinzón (page does not exist)">Luis Sánchez Pinzón</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Soto_Romero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Soto Romero (page does not exist)">Carlos Soto Romero</a></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">Naval ensign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag#Jacks" title="Maritime flag">Jack</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Spain_(1931%E2%80%931939).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/135px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/203px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag#Rank_flags" title="Maritime flag">Rank flag</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Captain_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain General">Captain General</a> of the Fleet</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931-1939).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Captain_General_of_the_Fleet_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Rank flag of the <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> of the Fleet</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/80px-Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/120px-Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/160px-Flag_of_Admiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_State.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_State.png/300px-Spanish_State.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_State.png/450px-Spanish_State.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Spanish_State.png/600px-Spanish_State.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Spain and its <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire#Territories_in_Africa_(1885–1975)" title="Spanish Empire">colonies</a> during the Spanish Republic (1931-1939)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro,_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro%2C_1937.jpg/300px-Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro%2C_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro%2C_1937.jpg/450px-Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro%2C_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Acorazado_Jaime_I_en_Almer%C3%ADa_by_Gerda_Taro%2C_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Republican sailors playing musical instruments on board battleship <i><a href="/wiki/Spanish_battleship_Jaime_I" title="Spanish battleship Jaime I">Jaime I</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>, February 1937.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo,_Cartagena_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg/220px-Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg/330px-Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg/440px-Seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo%2C_Cartagena_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Seaplane_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaplane carrier">seaplane carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo" title="Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo"><i>Dédalo</i></a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro,_Cartagena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg/220px-Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg/330px-Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg/440px-Submarine_C3_and_Kanguro%2C_Cartagena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Submarine rescue ship <i>Kanguro</i> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_submarine_C-3" title="Spanish submarine C-3">Spanish submarine <i>C-3</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a> naval base before the submarine was sunk by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-34_(1936)" title="German submarine U-34 (1936)">German submarine <i>U-34</i></a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_V.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Carlos_V.jpg/220px-Carlos_V.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Carlos_V.jpg/330px-Carlos_V.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Carlos_V.jpg/440px-Carlos_V.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Cruiser <i>Emperador Carlos V</i> was no longer in active service during the Republic. It was used as a pontoon for exercises</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Spanish Republican Navy</b> was the <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval arm</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Republican Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>, the legally established government of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> between 1931 and 1939. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the same manner as the other two branches of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, the Spanish Republican Navy went through two clear phases during its existence: </p> <ul><li>The pre-Civil War phase, before the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_coup_of_July_1936" title="Spanish coup of July 1936">coup of July 1936</a> that would fracture the Spanish military institution</li> <li>The situation after the pro-fascist coup, when most of the fleet remained loyal to the republican government after the crews had overrun their officers and formed committees. Faced with the coup, many officers joined it and others hesitated; only about 5% of the top officers stood steadfastly for the Spanish Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer corps was later partially reinstated with the aim of improving coordination in the course of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_years_of_the_Republic_(1931–1936)"><span id="First_years_of_the_Republic_.281931.E2.80.931936.29"></span>First years of the Republic (1931–1936)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First years of the Republic (1931–1936)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> had inherited a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy#The_Navy_in_the_19th_century" title="Spanish Navy">large Navy</a> from colonial times. A sizeable Military Fleet had been deemed necessary when the Spanish crown ruled over such far-flung places as the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, but by the early 1930s young military officers saw the institution as too large, old-fashioned and ineffective. They balked at the costs and at the lack of results of the Spanish military during the <a href="/wiki/Rif_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Rif Wars">Rif Wars</a> in Morocco and their vision was to have a smaller and more modern Spanish Navy that would meet the needs of the country. <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Franco" title="Ramón Franco">Ramón Franco</a>, who was in the Air Force at the time of the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, said: "Our little colonies —referring to the small outposts in the Moroccan shores, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>— don't need a strong navy made up of large and numerous units. The policing of our harbors, the implementing of fishery laws and the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a> are nowadays the only missions that our Navy has to do."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most top Navy officers, however, were comfortable with the old system, enjoying the perks and the prestige the Navy provided. Life in the high echelons of the Spanish Navy was more glamorous than among Army and Air Force officers, for it often included <a href="/wiki/Yacht_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Yacht Club">Yacht Club</a> membership, with <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regattas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">gala</a> dinners and <a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball (dance)">balls</a>. They cast a dim eye on the reforms of the armed forces introduced by newly nominated Republican <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of War">Minister of War</a> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Manuel Azaña</a> within the first few months of the new government. Azaña's aim was to modernize the Spanish Military and cut down the expenses of the state in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the naming of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Casares_Quiroga" title="Santiago Casares Quiroga">Santiago Casares Quiroga</a>, a civilian without a Navy background, as Minister of the Navy was unwelcome by the traditional Spanish Navy officers who despised Casares Quiroga and privately mocked him.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to ingratiate itself with key officers in the Navy, the Republican Government promoted to high posts men such as Lieutenant Commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%81ngel_Rizo_Bayona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ángel Rizo Bayona (page does not exist)">Ángel Rizo Bayona</a> who was given the post of representing the state in the <a href="/wiki/Trasmediterr%C3%A1nea" title="Trasmediterránea">Trasmediterránea</a> Shipping Company and Navy engineer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Cal_D%C3%ADaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Cal Díaz (page does not exist)">Alfredo Cal Díaz</a> who was promoted to the post of Navigation Director.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Azaña's lack of finesse in his dealings with the more conservative officers of the Spanish Navy established a deep mistrust between the majority of those having high posts in the Navy and the new government. Military reform measures were implemented already within the first month of the Republic, such as the <a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">repeal</a> of the 1906 "<a href="/wiki/Law_of_Jurisdictions" title="Law of Jurisdictions">Law of Jurisdictions</a>" (<i>Ley de Jurisdicciones</i>) on 17 April,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reform of the <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">military rank</a> rise system; reduction of the armed forces by scrapping ineffective units,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reduction of the number of high military officers<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the replacement of the War and Navy Military Tribunal (<i>Consejo Supremo de Guerra y de Marina</i>) whose functions were taken over by a Military department at the High Court,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among other measures.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Spanish Republic was proclaimed in the wake of the rise of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> in Europe and this ideology became very attractive for certain sectors of the Spanish military at the time. By 1935 the <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Militar_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Unión Militar Española">Unión Militar Española</a> (UME), a secret military organization of pro-fascist officers of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces extended its influence among Spanish officers and began displaying open hostility towards the Spanish Republic. In order to oppose and neutralize this movement, Eugenio Rodríguez Sierra, an officer of the Spanish Republican Navy was instrumental in the foundation of the Military Antifascist Union <i><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Militar_Antifascista" class="mw-redirect" title="Unión Militar Antifascista">Unión Militar Antifascista</a> (UMA)</i>. The <i>Unión Militar Antifascista</i> was later merged with the Republican Military Union, <i><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Militar_Republicana" class="mw-redirect" title="Unión Militar Republicana">Unión Militar Republicana</a> (UMR)</i>, another clandestine group of similar goals that had been founded in 1929 within the Army, in order to create the <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Militar_Republicana_Antifascista" class="mw-redirect" title="Unión Militar Republicana Antifascista">Unión Militar Republicana Antifascista</a> (UMRA). This organization would have a great influence among the ranks that were lower in command in the Spanish Republican Navy, opposing them to the conservative ideology of their top officers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Civil_War_(1936–1939)"><span id="The_Civil_War_.281936.E2.80.931939.29"></span>The Civil War (1936–1939)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Civil War (1936–1939)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_coup_of_July_1936" title="Spanish coup of July 1936">Spanish coup of July 1936</a> dealt a severe blow to the structure of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, which ended up fragmented on the basis of joining the rebels or remaining loyal to the established government. The failure of the coup, especially in the main cities, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, along with the collapse of authority and the lack of agreement in the first brief negotiations, were only some of the factors that made the conflict drift towards open war. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Giral" title="José Giral">José Giral</a>'s government tried to put together a Volunteer Army based on the units that had remained loyal, but the urgency of the moment played in favor of the formation of popular militias that were armed by parties and trade unions. </p><p>The main naval bases of the Spanish Republican Navy were <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a> (Northern Coast), <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> (Southern Coast) and <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a> (Eastern Coast). The takeover of the Navy by coup leaders failed mainly because the messages calling for a rebellion against the Spanish Republic were not sent in <a href="/wiki/Code_(cryptography)" title="Code (cryptography)">code</a>, as would have been the norm, from <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Lineal" title="Ciudad Lineal">Ciudad Lineal</a> to the senior officers commanding the ships. A young Navy <a href="/wiki/Wireless_telegraphy" title="Wireless telegraphy">radiotelegrapher</a>, Benjamín Balboa, later took credit for the <a href="/wiki/News_leak" title="News leak">news leak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, most crews in naval ships were alerted and took over the command, overwhelming their officers.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, most of the ships of the Spanish Navy remained loyal to the republic, but many of the experienced top officers had been imprisoned and some were killed during the countermutinies, a fact that hampered the efficiency of the loyalist navy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rebellion, however, was successful in wide areas of Northern and Southern Spain and the important bases of Ferrol and Cádiz would fall into rebel hands. Warships that were in the dockyard, including heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Canarias" title="Spanish cruiser Canarias"><i>Canarias</i></a> that was under construction at Ferrol, were seized and hastily put into use.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cádiz was taken for the rebels with the help of the first troops from the Army of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the fact that the greater part of the Spanish coast was on the republican side and despite the great number of naval units belonging to the Spanish Republican Navy, there was a lack of effective action in the first, decisive weeks of the war. Some of the most experienced commanders, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Bastarreche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Bastarreche (page does not exist)">Francisco Bastarreche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Nieto_Ant%C3%BAnez" title="Pedro Nieto Antúnez">Pedro Nieto Antúnez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Rodr%C3%ADguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Núñez Rodríguez (page does not exist)">Francisco Núñez Rodríguez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_Pita_da_Veiga_y_Sanz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel Pita da Veiga y Sanz (page does not exist)">Gabriel Pita da Veiga y Sanz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Regalado_Rodr%C3%ADguez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Regalado Rodríguez (page does not exist)">Francisco Regalado Rodríguez</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Vierna_Belando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Vierna Belando (page does not exist)">Manuel Vierna Belando</a> and the brothers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Moreno_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(vice_admiral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Moreno Fernández (vice admiral) (page does not exist)">Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Moreno_Fern%C3%A1ndez" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Moreno Fernández">Salvador Moreno Fernández</a>, had defected to the rebels. In addition the crew committees <i>(Comités de Buque)</i> that had taken over the command of the ships were not able to deal with the high coordination that was required at the time. Later in 1936, Republican Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Indalecio_Prieto" title="Indalecio Prieto">Indalecio Prieto</a> terminated the <i>Comités de Buque</i> as part of his sweeping reorganization of the Republican Armed Forces.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Fascist">Italian Fascist</a> military provided decisive support for <a href="/wiki/General_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="General Franco">General Franco</a>'s fraction of the army, so that the Spanish Republican Navy was unable to keep the <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">blockade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a>. Thus, on 5 August 1936, the so-called <a href="/wiki/Convoy_de_la_victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Convoy de la victoria">Convoy de la victoria</a> was able to bring at least 2,500 men of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a> to <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">Peninsular Spain</a> breaking the republican blockade.<sup id="cite_ref-Antony_Beevor_1982_revised_2006_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antony_Beevor_1982_revised_2006-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From August 6 rebel transport ships crossed the Strait of Gibraltar, with the cover of Italian bombers and republican <a href="/wiki/Churruca-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Churruca-class destroyer"><i>Churruca</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <i>Alcalá Galiano</i> was attacked and hit by Fascist aircraft while steaming back to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>. Pro-Franco sources claim that she suffered 18 seamen killed and 28 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BalfourPreston1999_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BalfourPreston1999-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 7, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_battleship_Jaime_I" title="Spanish battleship Jaime I"><i>Jaime I</i></a> and the cruiser <i><a href="/wiki/Almirante_Cervera-class_cruiser" title="Almirante Cervera-class cruiser">Libertad</a></i> shelled <a href="/wiki/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras</a> and severely damaged rebel <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a> <i>Eduardo Dato</i> and <a href="/wiki/Armed_trawler" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed trawler">armed trawler</a> <i>Uad Kert</i> (ex-<a href="/wiki/Castle-class_naval_trawler" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle-class naval trawler">Castle-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">naval trawler</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMT_Rother&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMT Rother (page does not exist)">HMT <i>Rother</i></a>; ex-<a href="/w/index.php?title=HMT_Anthony_Aslete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMT Anthony Aslete (page does not exist)">HMT <i>Anthony Aslete</i></a>) . Shortly thereafter a Nazi German <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52</a> struck the Republican battleship <i>Jaime I</i> and Italian bombers began to harass the Republican fleet so that it could not longer prevent the passage of transport ships. Furthermore, two German cruisers,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland"><i>Deutschland</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Scheer" title="German cruiser Admiral Scheer"><i>Admiral Scheer</i></a> patrolled the Strait on so-called <a href="/wiki/Non-intervention_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War">non-intervention missions</a>. </p><p>In addition, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> authorities in <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a> were openly hostile to the Spanish Republic. British oil companies at Gibraltar, refused to sell fuel to Republican ships and the Tangier International Commission denied the use of the harbor to the Spanish Republican Navy, claiming that "it was contrary to the city's neutrality". Nevertheless, the same British governing bodies authorized the passage of food, goods and gasoline for the Nazi German transport planes and their crews in Spanish Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of September, the Republic <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Espartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Espartel">had lost the control of the waters</a> between Morocco and the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thenceforward the Republican Armada was forced to operate from its bases in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartagena_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartagena (Spain)">Cartagena</a> without being allowed to use the harbor facilities at Gibraltar and Tangiers. Moreover, the Navy's <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i> planes were unable to hinder the massive <a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">airlift</a> of troops from Spanish Morocco undertaken by the rebel side. This was the world's first long-range combat airlift and it was achieved using mostly Ju 52 planes provided by <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> during the <a href="/wiki/German_re-armament" class="mw-redirect" title="German re-armament">German re-armament</a> phase.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <i>Expedición al Mar Cantábrico</i>, a naval operation that entered the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> in September and October 1936,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Republican Navy became mainly confined to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, its operations in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> were taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Auxiliary_Navy" title="Basque Auxiliary Navy">Basque Auxiliary Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By late 1937, however, the whole northern coast was lost following the fall of <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> and many ships were seized by the rebels, including destroyer <i>Císcar</i>, which after being refurbished was made part of the Nationalist Navy. </p><p>Following the defeat of the Spanish Republican fleet on 7 September 1937 at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Cherchell" title="Battle of Cape Cherchell">Battle of Cape Cherchell</a>, when a series of tactical errors on the part of the republican command allowed <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">rebel</a> cruiser <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Baleares" title="Spanish cruiser Baleares"><i>Baleares</i></a> to escape, <a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ubieta" title="Luis González de Ubieta">Luis González de Ubieta</a> became the Captain general of the fleet and hitherto commander <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Buiza_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Palacios" title="Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios">Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios</a> was relieved of his duties. President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Manuel Azaña</a> could not hide his disappointment, acknowledging in his memories the indecisiveness of the former commander of the Spanish Republican Navy despite having a greater number of ships.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact, however was that both commanders of the fleet were only in their thirties and had been hurriedly promoted by Defence Minister Indalecio Prieto owing to the lack of loyal top officers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destroyer_Furor,_ca.1896.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg/220px-Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg/330px-Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg/440px-Destroyer_Furor%2C_ca.1896.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Destroyer <i>Furor</i>, similar to <i>Proserpina</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Under Luis González de Ubieta's command the Republican Navy concentrated in the protection of maritime <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoys</a> that were supplying the <a href="/wiki/Internationally_isolated" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationally isolated">internationally isolated</a> Spanish Republic, as well as in the training of naval officers and their ships' crews.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1938, however, <i>Baleares</i>, accompanied by five rebel destroyers, was engaged again by the Republican Navy off in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Palos_(1938)" title="Battle of Cape Palos (1938)">Battle of Cape Palos</a>, off <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a>'s shores. During the gunnery duel, Republican destroyers <a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_S%C3%A1nchez_Barc%C3%A1iztegui" title="Spanish destroyer Sánchez Barcáiztegui"><i>Sánchez Barcáiztegui</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Lepanto" title="Spanish destroyer Lepanto"><i>Lepanto</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Antequera" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Antequera"><i>Almirante Antequera</i></a>, all fired their torpedoes. Two or three of <i>Lepanto</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s torpedoes hit <i>Baleares</i>, detonating her forward <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">magazine</a> and sinking her. Out of her crew of 1,206, she had 765 seamen killed or missing, among them rebel vice admiral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Vierna_Belando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Vierna Belando (page does not exist)">Manuel Vierna Belando</a>, commander of the Nationalist <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruiser squadron">cruiser division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Villamil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Villamil.jpg/220px-Villamil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Villamil.jpg/330px-Villamil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Villamil.jpg/440px-Villamil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Destroyer <i>Villaamil</i>, second unit of the <i>Bustamante</i> class, during maneuvers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blas_de.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blas_de.jpg/220px-Blas_de.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blas_de.jpg/330px-Blas_de.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Blas_de.jpg/440px-Blas_de.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Light cruiser <i>Blas de Lezo</i>, sunk in an accident in 1932</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_(AG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg/220px-Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg/330px-Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg/440px-Destructor_Alcala_Galiano_%28AG%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Churruca-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Churruca-class destroyer"><i>Churruca</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> <i>Alcalá Galiano</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The sinking of rebel heavy cruiser <i>Baleares</i> was hailed as a great victory by the republican government. Following this victory, commander of the republican fleet Luis González de Ubieta was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Laureate_Plate_of_Madrid" title="Laureate Plate of Madrid">Laureate Plate of Madrid</a> <i>(Placa Laureada de Madrid)</i>, the highest military award for gallantry of the Second Spanish Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Distintivo_de_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Distintivo de Madrid">Distintivo de Madrid</a></i>, which had been established by the Spanish Republic in order to reward courage,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was given to cruisers <i>Libertad</i> and <i>Méndez Núñez</i>, and destroyers <i>Lepanto</i>, <i>Almirante Antequera</i> and <i>Sánchez Barcáiztegui</i>, as well as to their crew members. This entitled these ships to fly a special <a href="/wiki/Pennon" title="Pennon">pennant</a> and their crews to wear a special badge on their uniforms with the old <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Madrid" title="Coat of arms of Madrid">Coat of arms of Madrid</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the propaganda value of this victory for the Republic it had little noticeable effect on the war as a whole. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Twilight_and_end_of_the_Civil_War">Twilight and end of the Civil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Twilight and end of the Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 March 1939, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Army" title="Spanish Republican Army">Spanish Republican Army</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Segismundo_Casado" title="Segismundo Casado">Segismundo Casado</a> made an anticommunist coup and proclaimed a (<i><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Nacional_de_Defensa" class="mw-redirect" title="Consejo Nacional de Defensa">Consejo Nacional de Defensa</a></i>). On the same day the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Air Force">Nationalist Air Force</a> bombed the harbour of Cartagena, the main base of the Republican Navy, sinking destroyer <i>Sanchez Barcaiztegui</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the bombing and the unrest in the city where <a href="/wiki/Cartagena_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartagena Uprising">a rebellion</a> was under way,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commander <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Buiza_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Palacios" title="Miguel Buiza Fernández-Palacios">Miguel Buiza</a>, who had shortly been reinstated as commander of the republican fleet, ultimately ordered the evacuation of the bulk of the seagoing Republican Armada. As soon as night fell cruisers <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Spanish cruiser Miguel de Cervantes"><i>Miguel de Cervantes</i></a>, <i>Libertad</i> and <i>Mendez Nuñez</i>, destroyers <i>Lepanto</i>, <i>Almirante Valdés</i>, <i>Almirante Antequera</i>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Miranda" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Miranda"><i>Almirante Miranda</i></a>, <i>Escaño</i>, <i>Gravina</i>, <i>Jorge Juan</i> and <i>Ulloa</i> as well as submarines C-2 and C-4, left Cartagena harbor speeding eastwards towards the <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algerian</a> coast. Off <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a> Miguel Buiza asked for permission to anchor, but the permission was denied by the naval authorities of <a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">French Algeria</a>. These directed him towards <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">French protectorate of Tunisia</a> where the fleet was impounded by the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French authorities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except for a few crewmen who were put on guard duty on the ships, the Spanish Republican seamen and their officers were interned in a <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a> at <a href="/wiki/Meknassy" title="Meknassy">Meheri Zabbens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the last months of the war some of the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamers</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Transatl%C3%A1ntica_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Compañía Transatlántica Española">Compañía Transatlántica Española</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trasmediterr%C3%A1nea" title="Trasmediterránea">Trasmediterránea</a> companies were requisitioned by the Republican Navy and were used for evacuating refugees from coastal cities besieged by the Francoist armies.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the conflict a total of 8 major republican warships, totaling 5,676 tons, had been sunk by the enemy; the surviving ships of the Republican fleet became part of the Navy of <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a>. Most of the documents relating to the Spanish Republican Navy are currently kept at the <i>Archivo General de la Marina "Álvaro de Bazán"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_Battles_of_the_Civil_War">Naval Battles of the Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Naval Battles of the Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majorca" title="Battle of Majorca">Battle of Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Espartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Espartel">Battle of Cape Espartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Cherchell" title="Battle of Cape Cherchell">Battle of Cape Cherchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Machichaco" title="Battle of Cape Machichaco">Battle of Cape Machichaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Palos_(1938)" title="Battle of Cape Palos (1938)">Battle of Cape Palos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Bombardment of Almería">Bombardment of Almería</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Convoy_de_la_victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Convoy de la victoria">Convoy de la victoria</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_units_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Navy">Naval units of the Spanish Republican Navy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Naval units of the Spanish Republican Navy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_1931_-_July_1936">April 1931 - July 1936</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: April 1931 - July 1936"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are the main naval units between 14 April 1931 and 16 July 1936. <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">Tankers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">troop transports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Guard">coast guard ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a> are not included. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dreadnoughts">Dreadnoughts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dreadnoughts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a-class_battleship" title="España-class battleship"><i>España</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> (16.400 t, 8 x 305 mm) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_battleship_Alfonso_XIII" title="Spanish battleship Alfonso XIII"><i>Alfonso XIII</i></a> (1915), second España class unit. Its name was changed to <i>España</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_battleship_Jaime_I" title="Spanish battleship Jaime I"><i>Jaime I</i></a> (1921), third España class unit.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cruisers">Cruisers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cruisers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canarias-class_cruiser" title="Canarias-class cruiser"><i>Canarias</i>-class</a> heavy cruisers (13.000 t, 8 x 203 mm) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Canarias" title="Spanish cruiser Canarias"><i>Canarias</i></a>, first ship of the <a href="/wiki/Canarias-class_cruiser" title="Canarias-class cruiser"><i>Canarias</i> class</a>; building began in 1928 at the <a href="/wiki/Ferrol,_Galicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrol, Galicia">Ferrol</a> shipyard of the <a href="/wiki/Sociedad_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Construcci%C3%B3n_Naval" title="Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval">Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval</a> (SECN).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Baleares" title="Spanish cruiser Baleares"><i>Baleares</i></a>. Second unit of the <i>Canarias</i> class, built at the same shipyard as <i>Canarias</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reina_Victoria_Eugenia-class_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Reina Victoria Eugenia-class cruiser"><i>Reina Victoria Eugenia</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a> (6.500 t, 9 x 152,4 mm) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Navarra_(1923)" title="Spanish cruiser Navarra (1923)"><i>Republica</i></a> (1923). Formerly <i>Reina Victoria Eugenia</i>, renamed <i>Republica</i> in 1931;<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the only vessel of its class.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo-class_cruiser" title="Blas de Lezo-class cruiser"><i>Blas de Lezo</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a> (6.000, 6 x 152,4 mm) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_cruiser_Blas_de_Lezo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish cruiser Blas de Lezo (page does not exist)"><i>Blas de Lezo</i></a> (1924), first vessel of its class. Wrecked in 1932 as a result of an accident.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_cruiser_M%C3%A9ndez_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish cruiser Méndez Núñez (page does not exist)"><i>Méndez Núñez</i></a> (1924), second unit of the <i>Blas de Lezo</i> class.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almirante_Cervera-class_cruiser" title="Almirante Cervera-class cruiser"><i>Almirante Cervera</i>-class</a> light cruisers (9.000 t 8 x 152,4 mm) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_cruiser_Galicia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish cruiser Galicia (page does not exist)"><i>Libertad</i></a> (1927). Formerly <i>Príncipe Alfonso</i>, renamed <i>Libertad</i> in 1931;<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first vessel of the <i>Cervera</i> class. <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">Flagship</a> of the Spanish Republican Navy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Almirante_Cervera" title="Spanish cruiser Almirante Cervera"><i>Almirante Cervera</i></a> (1928), second unit of the class.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Spanish cruiser Miguel de Cervantes"><i>Miguel de Cervantes</i></a> (1930), second unit of the <i>Príncipe Alfonso</i> class.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_cruiser_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish cruiser Río de la Plata (page does not exist)"><i>Río de la Plata</i></a> (1900), the only vessel of its class. Since 1921 it had been used to house and train <a href="/wiki/Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronáutica Naval">Aeronáutica Naval</a> personnel of the Barcelona seaplane base.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Emperador_Carlos_V" title="Spanish cruiser Emperador Carlos V"><i>Emperador Carlos V</i></a> (1898), the only vessel of its class. <a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruiser</a> used as a pontoon for exercises until it was scrapped in 1933.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Destroyers">Destroyers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Destroyers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furor-class_destroyer" title="Furor-class destroyer"><i>Furor</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> (380 t, 2 x 75 mm) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Proserpina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Proserpina (page does not exist)"><i>Proserpina</i></a> (P) (1898), sixth unit of the <i>Furor</i> class. Scrapped in 1931.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustamante-class_destroyer" title="Bustamante-class destroyer"><i>Bustamante</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> (370 t, 5 x 57 mm) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Villaamil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Villaamil (page does not exist)"><i>Villaamil</i></a> (V) (1916), second unit of the class.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Cadarso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Cadarso (page does not exist)"><i>Cadarso</i></a> (C) (1917), third unit of the <i>Bustamante</i> class.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alsedo-class_destroyer" title="Alsedo-class destroyer"><i>Alsedo</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> (1.160 t, 3 x 101,6 mm) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Alsedo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Alsedo (page does not exist)"><i>Alsedo</i></a> (A) (1924), first unit of its class</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Velasco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Velasco (page does not exist)"><i>Velasco</i></a> (V) (1925), second unit of the class.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Lazaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Lazaga (page does not exist)"><i>Lazaga</i></a> (L) (1924), third unit of the class.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churruca-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Churruca-class destroyer"><i>Churruca</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> (1600 t, 5 x 120 mm)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>First series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_S%C3%A1nchez_Barc%C3%A1iztegui" title="Spanish destroyer Sánchez Barcáiztegui"><i>Sánchez Barcáiztegui</i></a> (SB) (1928), third unit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Jos%C3%A9_Luis_D%C3%ADez" title="Spanish destroyer José Luis Díez"><i>José Luis Díez</i></a> (JD) (1929), fourth unit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Ferr%C3%A1ndiz_(1928)" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Ferrándiz (1928)"><i>Almirante Ferrándiz</i></a> (AF) (1929), fifth unit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Lepanto" title="Spanish destroyer Lepanto"><i>Lepanto</i></a> (L) (1930), sixth unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Churruca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Churruca (page does not exist)"><i>Churruca</i></a> (CH) (1931), seventh unit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Alcal%C3%A1_Galiano" title="Spanish destroyer Alcalá Galiano"><i>Alcalá Galiano</i></a> (AG) (1931), eight unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Vald%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Valdés (page does not exist)"><i>Almirante Valdés</i></a> (VS), ninth unit, under construction at the <a href="/wiki/Sociedad_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Construcci%C3%B3n_Naval" title="Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval">Sociedad Española de Construcción Naval</a> (SECN) in Cartagena.</li></ul></li> <li>Second series (All built at SECN Cartagena) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Antequera" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Antequera"><i>Almirante Antequera</i></a> (AA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_destroyer_Almirante_Miranda" title="Spanish destroyer Almirante Miranda"><i>Almirante Miranda</i></a> (AM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_C%C3%ADscar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Císcar (page does not exist)"><i>Císcar</i></a> (CR)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Esca%C3%B1o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Escaño (page does not exist)"><i>Escaño</i></a> (E)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Gravina_(1936)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Gravina (1936) (page does not exist)"><i>Gravina</i></a> (G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Jorge_Juan_(JJ)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Jorge Juan (JJ) (page does not exist)"><i>Jorge Juan</i></a> (JJ)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Ulloa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Ulloa (page does not exist)"><i>Ulloa</i></a> (UA)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_vessels">Other vessels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other vessels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane" title="Seaplane">Seaplane</a> carrier <a href="/wiki/Spanish_seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo" title="Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo"><i>Dédalo</i></a> (1922). Decommissioned in 1934 and struck in April 1936<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Submarine rescue ship <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_ship_Kanguro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish ship Kanguro (page does not exist)"><i>Kanguro</i></a> (1920)</li> <li>Training ship <a href="/wiki/Glenlee_(ship)" title="Glenlee (ship)"><i>Galatea</i></a>, (1922)</li> <li>Training ship <a href="/wiki/Spanish_training_ship_Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Elcano" title="Spanish training ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano"><i>Juan Sebastián Elcano</i></a>, (1927)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Submarines">Submarines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Submarines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_Isaac_Peral_(A-0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine Isaac Peral (A-0) (page does not exist)"><i>Isaac Peral</i></a> (1917), United States made similar to Holland Type M-1. Named after Captain and submarine pioneer <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Peral" title="Isaac Peral">Isaac Peral</a>. Decomisionated in 1932, scrapped.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurenti-class&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurenti-class (page does not exist)">A-class submarines</a>, Italian made <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_Narciso_Monturiol_(A-1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine Narciso Monturiol (A-1) (page does not exist)"><i>Narciso Monturiol</i> (A-1)</a> (1917), named after submarine pioneer <a href="/wiki/Narc%C3%ADs_Monturiol" title="Narcís Monturiol">Narcís Monturiol</a>. Decomisionated in 1934, scrapped.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_Cosme_Garc%C3%ADa_(A-2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine Cosme García (A-2) (page does not exist)"><i>Cosme García</i> (A-2)</a> (1917), named after submarine pioneer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosme_Garc%C3%ADa_Saez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosme García Saez (page does not exist)">Cosme García Saez</a>. Decomisionated in 1931, scrapped.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_A-3_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine A-3 (1917) (page does not exist)"><i>A-3</i></a> (1917), decomisionated in 1932, scrapped.</li></ul></li> <li>B-class submarines. Built in Spain similar to the <a href="/wiki/Cachalot-class_submarine" title="Cachalot-class submarine"><i>Cachalot</i> class</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-1 (page does not exist)"><i>B-1</i></a> (1922), class B first unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-2 (page does not exist)"><i>B-2</i></a> (1922), class B second unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-3 (page does not exist)"><i>B-3</i></a> (1922), class B third unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-4 (page does not exist)"><i>B-4</i></a> (1923), class B fourth unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-5 (page does not exist)"><i>B-5</i></a> (1925), class B fifth unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_B-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine B-6 (page does not exist)"><i>B-6</i></a> (1926), class B sixth unit.</li></ul></li> <li>C-class submarines <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_Isaac_Peral_(C-1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine Isaac Peral (C-1) (page does not exist)"><i>Isaac Peral</i> (C-1)</a> (1928), first submarine of its class, renamed after Captain and submarine pioneer <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Peral" title="Isaac Peral">Isaac Peral</a> in 1932.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_C-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine C-2 (page does not exist)"><i>C-2</i></a> (1928), class C second unit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_submarine_C-3" title="Spanish submarine C-3"><i>C-3</i></a> (1929), class C third unit. Sunk by Nazi German submarine <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-34_(1936)" title="German submarine U-34 (1936)">U-34</a> on 12 December 1936 near Malaga</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_C-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine C-4 (page does not exist)"><i>C-4</i></a> (1929), class C fourth unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_C-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine C-5 (page does not exist)"><i>C-5</i></a> (1930), class C fifth unit.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_C-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine C-6 (page does not exist)"><i>C-6</i></a> (1930), class C sixth unit.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_1936_-_Early_1939">July 1936 - Early 1939</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July 1936 - Early 1939"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acorazado_Jaime_I_(en_1937).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg/300px-Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg/450px-Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg/600px-Acorazado_Jaime_I_%28en_1937%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Profile of the <i>Jaime I</i> with its appearance in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>These are the main naval units of the Spanish Republican Navy between the July coup against the Spanish Republic and the defeat of the Republican Armed Forces in the Civil War. All surviving ships became part of the Navy of <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dreadnoughts_2">Dreadnoughts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Dreadnoughts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Jaime I</i> (1921–1937), sunk on 17 June 1937 after an explosion during repair works. Some authors believe the explosion was the result of <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> by <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth columnist</a> organization <i>Socorro Blanco</i> members in Cartagena.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cruisers_2">Cruisers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cruisers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Blas de Lezo</i> class <ul><li><i>Méndez Núñez</i>, (1924–1963), fled to <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a> after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li></ul></li> <li><i>Almirante Cervera</i> class <ul><li><i>Libertad</i>, (1927–1965), ex Príncipe Alfonso, fled to Bizerte after the <a href="/wiki/March_1939_events_in_Cartagena" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1939 events in Cartagena">March 1939 events in Cartagena</a></li> <li><i>Almirante Cervera</i>, (1928–1965)</li> <li><i>Miguel de Cervantes</i>, (1930–1964), damaged by a torpedo fired by a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Fascist Italian</a> submarine at the beginning of the Civil War. It was fully repaired almost at the end of the war and fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Destroyers_2">Destroyers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Destroyers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destructor_Lepanto_(LT).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg/300px-Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg/450px-Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg/600px-Destructor_Lepanto_%28LT%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Destroyer <i>Lepanto</i>, one of the Republican Navy ships that left Cartagena for Bizerte in March 1939.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Alsedo</i> class <ul><li><i>Alsedo</i> (A), (1924–1957), seized by the rebels at Cartagena harbor at the end of the Civil War</li> <li><i>Lazaga</i> (L), (1925–1961), at the dockyard in Cartagena at the end of the Civil War</li></ul></li> <li><i>Churruca</i> class <ul><li>First series <ul><li><i>Sánchez Barcáiztegui</i> (SB), (1928–1964), sunk during the March 1939 events in Cartagena, refloated and still at the dockyard in Cartagena by the end of the Civil War</li> <li><i>José Luis Díez</i> (JD), (1929–1965), became part of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Auxiliary_Navy" title="Basque Auxiliary Navy">Basque Auxiliary Navy</a> in 1936. Grounded in Gibraltar after a naval battle with the Nationalist fleet in late 1938.</li> <li><i>Almirante Ferrándiz</i> (AF), (1929–1936), sunk by cruiser <i>Canarias</i> on 21 September 1936 in the Battle of Cape Espartel<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Lepanto</i> (LE), (1930–1957), probably fired the torpedo that sank the Nattionalist <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cruiser_Baleares" title="Spanish cruiser Baleares">cruiser <i>Baleares</i></a>; fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena.</li> <li><i>Churruca</i> (CH) (1931–1963), seized by the rebels at Cartagena harbor at the end of the Civil War</li> <li><i>Alcalá Galiano</i> (AG), (1931–1957), at the dockyard in Cartagena by the end of the Civil War</li> <li><i>Almirante Valdés</i> (AV), (1933–1957), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li></ul></li> <li>Second series <ul><li><i>Almirante Antequera</i> (AA), (1935–1965), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>Almirante Miranda</i> (AM), (1936–1970), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>Císcar</i> (CR), (1936–1957), became part of the Basque Auxiliary Navy in 1936. She was bombed and sunk in 1937 at <a href="/wiki/El_Musel" title="El Musel">El Musel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>. Refloated and used by the rebel navy in 1938</li> <li><i>Escaño</i> (E), (1936–1963), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>Gravina</i> (G), (1936–1963), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>Jorge Juan</i> (JJ), (1937–1959), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>Ulloa</i> (UA), (1937–1963), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li></ul></li> <li>Third series <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_Liniers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer Liniers (page does not exist)"><i>Liniers</i></a>, under construction in Cartagena</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_destroyer_General_%C3%81lava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish destroyer General Álava (page does not exist)"><i>General Álava</i></a>, under construction in Cartagena</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Submarines_2">Submarines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Submarines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>B-class submarines <ul><li><i>B-1</i>, (1922–1940), wrecked in Cartagena in 1937</li> <li><i>B-2</i>, (1922–1952), beached in Cartagena</li> <li><i>B-3</i>, (1922–1940), beached in Cartagena</li> <li><i>B-4</i>, (1923–1941), beached in Cartagena</li> <li><i>B-5</i>, (1925–1936), sunk off <a href="/wiki/Estepona" title="Estepona">Estepona</a></li> <li><i>B-6</i>, (1926–1936), sunk by rebel destroyer <i>Velasco</i></li></ul></li> <li>C-class submarines <ul><li><i>Isaac Peral</i> (C-1), (1928–1950), sunk in 1938 and repaired after the Civil War</li> <li><i>C-2</i>, (1928–1951), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>C-3</i>, (1928–1936), sunk off Málaga by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-34_(1936)" title="German submarine U-34 (1936)">German submarine <i>U-34</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ursula" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ursula">Operation Ursula</a></li> <li><i>C-4</i>, (1928–1946), fled to Bizerte after the March 1939 events in Cartagena</li> <li><i>C-5</i>, (1928–1937), fate unknown</li> <li><i>C-6</i>, (1928–1937), sunk</li></ul></li> <li>D-class submarines <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_D-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine D-1 (page does not exist)"><i>D-1</i></a>, under construction in Cartagena</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_D-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine D-2 (page does not exist)"><i>D-2</i></a>, under construction in Cartagena</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_submarine_D-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish submarine D-3 (page does not exist)"><i>D-3</i></a>, under construction in Cartagena</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aeronáutica_Naval"><span id="Aeron.C3.A1utica_Naval"></span><i>Aeronáutica Naval</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aeronáutica Naval"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F4-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/F4-5.jpg/220px-F4-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/F4-5.jpg/330px-F4-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/F4-5.jpg/440px-F4-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>Aeronáutica Naval <a href="/wiki/Martinsyde_F.4_Buzzard" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard">Martinsyde F.4 Buzzard</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png/90px-Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png/135px-Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png/180px-Fin_flash_of_the_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Fin flash of the <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i> (1931-1936)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="Spanish Republican Air Force">Spanish Republican Air Force</a></div> <p>The <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i> was the <a href="/wiki/Naval_aviation" title="Naval aviation">naval aviation</a> of the Spanish Republican Navy. In 1920 the air arm of the navy, already established through a Royal decree four years earlier, became functional in <a href="/wiki/El_Prat_de_Llobregat" title="El Prat de Llobregat">El Prat</a>, in the same location as present-day <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona Airport">Barcelona Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was merged with the air arm of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Army" title="Spanish Republican Army">Spanish Republican Army</a> in September 1936, after the reorganization of the armed forces following the July 1936 coup, becoming part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="Spanish Republican Air Force">Spanish Republican Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg/220px-Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg/330px-Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg/440px-Autogiro%C3%B6Start_von_D%C3%A9dalo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>The first <a href="/wiki/Rotorcraft" title="Rotorcraft">rotorcraft</a> to take off and land on the deck of a ship, 7 March 1934</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_(14121304908).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg/220px-Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg/330px-Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg/440px-Hispano_E-30_-_Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval_-_3027May35_%2814121304908%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_E-30" title="Hispano-Suiza E-30">Hispano E-30s</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Aeron%C3%A1utica_Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeronáutica Naval">Aeronáutica Naval</a></i> in formation</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1931 the planes used by the Aeronáutica Naval were becoming obsolete. Commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Moreno_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(vice_admiral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Moreno Fernández (vice admiral) (page does not exist)">Francisco Moreno Fernández</a> made a survey between 1932 and 1933 and concluded that the old <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Flugzeugwerke" title="Dornier Flugzeugwerke">Dornier</a> and <a href="/wiki/SIAI-Marchetti" title="SIAI-Marchetti">Savoia</a> seaplanes were not fit to carry <a href="/wiki/Aerial_torpedo" title="Aerial torpedo">aerial torpedoes</a> or bombs and were only fit for <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> missions.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vildebeest" title="Vickers Vildebeest">Vickers Vildebeest</a> were being built under <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">license</a> by <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_Aeron%C3%A1uticas_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA">CASA</a> for the <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i>, but they had not been ordered with weapon-carrying systems, therefore many officers had doubts about their usefulness. Those officers concerned about the modernization of the Republican Armada also pointed out the fact that none of the newest vessels at that time were equipped to carry planes. The seaplane carrier <a href="/wiki/Spanish_seaplane_carrier_D%C3%A9dalo" title="Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo"><i>Dédalo</i></a>, although it had very useful and efficient aircraft-repair workshops on it, was a slow and old steamer that could not last much longer, in the words of Admiral Francisco Moreno.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 March 1934 aviation history was made when <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cierva" title="Juan de la Cierva">Juan de la Cierva</a>, the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Autogyro" title="Autogyro">autogyro</a>, performed a perfect landing onto <i>Dédalo</i> with a <a href="/wiki/Cierva_C.30" title="Cierva C.30">model C. 30</a> autogyro registered G-ACIO, near the port of <a href="/wiki/Valencia,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia, Spain">Valencia</a>; half an hour later it took off from her deck, after a short run of just 24 metres. This was the first <a href="/wiki/Rotorcraft" title="Rotorcraft">rotorcraft</a> to take off and land on the deck of a ship.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two <a href="/wiki/Canarias-class_cruiser" title="Canarias-class cruiser"><i>Canarias</i>-class</a> heavy cruisers that had been under construction since 1928 had been planned to carry at least a seaplane, but no decision had been yet made concerning the type of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_catapult" title="Aircraft catapult">aircraft catapult</a> or the model of plane that would be carried. Finally in 1934 the Spanish Republican Navy contacted <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Aircraft" title="Hawker Aircraft">Hawker Aircraft</a> regarding the purchase of four <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Osprey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawker Osprey">Hawker Osprey</a> seaplanes for the <i>Canarias</i>-class heavy cruisers under construction. In the end only one aircraft, known as 'Spanish Osprey' and fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza" title="Hispano-Suiza">Hispano-Suiza</a> 12Xbrs engine, would be delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1932 the old <a href="/wiki/Avro_504K" class="mw-redirect" title="Avro 504K">Avro 504K</a> <a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">trainers</a> were replaced by the more modern <a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_E-30" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano Aviación E-30">Hispano Aviación E-30</a>. Between 1934 and 1935 the Republican Navy tried to modernize its ageing seaplane fleet and contemplated replacing the <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal" title="Dornier Do J Wal">Dornier Do J Wal</a> seaplanes with <a href="/wiki/Breguet_521" class="mw-redirect" title="Breguet 521">Breguet 521</a> <i>Bizerte</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Macchi_M.18" title="Macchi M.18">Macchi M.18</a> with <a href="/wiki/Potez_452" title="Potez 452">Potez 452</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1936 the <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i> had an <a href="/wiki/Airship" title="Airship">airship</a> section as well.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, when the Seaplane carrier <i>Dédalo</i> was decommissioned the <i>Aeronáutica Naval</i> lost most of its officers, who were transferred to other branches of the Spanish Republican Navy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Infantería_de_Marina"><span id="The_Infanter.C3.ADa_de_Marina"></span>The <i>Infantería de Marina</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The Infantería de Marina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png/140px-Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png/210px-Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png/280px-Escudo_Infanter%C3%ADa_de_Marina_Republica_Espa%C3%B1ola.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="1015" /></a><figcaption>Insignia of the Spanish Republican Navy Marine Corps (1931-1939)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Spanish Navy Marines</a></div> <p>The Spanish Navy Marines <i>(Infantería de Marina)</i> was labelled as a "colonial force" in the early days of the Spanish Republic because of the high-profile role it had had in the unpopular 1920–1926 <a href="/wiki/Rif_War" title="Rif War">wars in North Africa</a>. Newly nominated Minister of War Manuel Azaña planned eventually to disband the marine corps as part of his hasty reforms of the Spanish armed forces. </p><p>However the Civil war began before the <i>Infantería de Marina</i> was officially disbanded and in October 1936 the War Ministry was replaced by the 'National Defence Ministry' <i>(Ministerio de la Defensa Nacional)</i>, led by the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Largo_Caballero" class="mw-redirect" title="Largo Caballero">Largo Caballero</a>. Thus the Spanish Republican Navy Marines of the areas of Spain that had remained loyal to the government were not disbanded and became part of the new military structure of the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the republican naval base of Cartagena the <i>Tercio de Levante</i> Marine corps was <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrisoned</a> and used mainly for guarding moored ships and naval facilities, as well as for manning <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft gun">anti-aircraft guns</a>. </p><p>Some republican <i>Infantería de Marina</i> units also saw frontline combat action; the <a href="/w/index.php?title=151_Brigada_Mixta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="151 Brigada Mixta (page does not exist)">151 Brigada Mixta</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_brigade" title="Mixed brigade">mixed brigade</a> composed of Spanish Republican Navy Marines led by Commander Pedro Muñoz Caro. Its <a href="/wiki/Landing_operation" title="Landing operation">landing operations</a> activity was limited, however, by the lack of offensive actions and the general ineffectiveness of the Spanish Republican Navy. Therefore, these Republican Marines saw action mostly inland supporting the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Army" title="Spanish Republican Army">Army</a> in such battles as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alfambra" title="Battle of Alfambra">Battle of Alfambra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunete" title="Battle of Brunete">Battle of Brunete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ebro" title="Battle of the Ebro">Battle of the Ebro</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Segre" title="Battle of the Segre">Battle of the Segre</a>, far away from the sea. Photographer <a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a> took pictures of the Spanish Republican Navy Marines in one of these inland battles.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Republican <i>Infantería de Marina</i> Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrosio_Ristori_de_la_Cuadra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrosio Ristori de la Cuadra (page does not exist)">Ambrosio Ristori de la Cuadra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Madrid" title="Siege of Madrid">Siege of Madrid</a>, was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Laureate_Plate_of_Madrid" title="Laureate Plate of Madrid">Laureate Plate of Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks">Ranks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spanish Republican Navy introduced a few changes in the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Flag of the Second Spanish Republic">flags, ensigns and pennants</a>, as well as in the Navy officer rank insignia.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Executive_curl" title="Executive curl">executive curl</a> <i>(La coca)</i> was replaced by a golden five-pointed star and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Crown">royal crown</a> of the brass buttons and of the officers' <a href="/wiki/Peaked_cap" title="Peaked cap">peaked caps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorget" title="Gorget">gorgets</a> <i>(golas)</i> became a <a href="/wiki/Mural_crown" title="Mural crown">mural crown</a>. The officer ranks of the Spanish Republican Navy were as follows below. </p> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General / flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1936)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicealmirante"><img alt="Vicealmirante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Republicmares1.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraalmirante"><img alt="Contraalmirante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Republicmares2.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares3.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Navío"><img alt="Capitán de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Republicmares3.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares4.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Fragata"><img alt="Capitán de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Republicmares4.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares5.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Corbeta"><img alt="Capitán de Corbeta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Republicmares5.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares6.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Teniente de Navío"><img alt="Teniente de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Republicmares6.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares7.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Navío"><img alt="Alférez de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Republicmares7.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Republicmares8.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Fragata"><img alt="Alférez de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Republicmares8.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vicealmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Contraalmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Capitán de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Capitán de fragata</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Capitán de corbeta</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Teniente de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de fragata</a></i></span> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Aeronáutica_Naval">Aeronáutica Naval</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–1936)</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(Naval,_1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Second Spanish Republic (Naval, 1931–1936)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(Naval,_1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Second Spanish Republic (Naval, 1931–1936)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Air_Forces/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(Naval,_1931%E2%80%931936)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Air Forces/OF/Second Spanish Republic (Naval, 1931–1936)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Navío"><img alt="Capitán de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Fragata"><img alt="Capitán de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Corbeta"><img alt="Capitán de Corbeta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teniente de Navío"><img alt="Teniente de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Navío"><img alt="Alférez de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Fragata"><img alt="Alférez de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Capitán de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Capitán de fragata</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Capitán de corbeta</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Teniente de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de fragata</a></i></span> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Republican Navy</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1939)</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1936–1939)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1936–1939)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OF/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OF/Second Spanish Republic (1936–1939)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicealmirante"><img alt="Vicealmirante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraalmirante"><img alt="Contraalmirante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/50px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/75px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Navío"><img alt="Capitán de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Fragata"><img alt="Capitán de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capitán de Corbeta"><img alt="Capitán de Corbeta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teniente de Navío"><img alt="Teniente de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Navío"><img alt="Alférez de Navío" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-(star)-O0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alférez de Fragata"><img alt="Alférez de Fragata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-%28star%29-O0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Capitán de navío</i></span><br />acting as<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vicealmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Capitán de navío</i></span><br />acting as<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Contraalmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">Capitán de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Capitán de fragata</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Capitán de corbeta</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Teniente de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alf%C3%A9rez_(rank)" title="Alférez (rank)">Alférez de fragata</a></i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks_of_Non-commissioned_officers_and_Enlisted">Ranks of Non-commissioned officers and Enlisted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ranks of Non-commissioned officers and Enlisted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spanish Republican Navy</a></b><br />(1931–1939)<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931939)" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931939)" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931%E2%80%931939)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="14"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/100px-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/150px-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Blank.svg/200px-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Sublieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublieutenant">Subteniente</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chief_petty_officer" title="Chief petty officer">Subayudante</a></i></span><br />(1931-1935) </td> <td colspan="1"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chief_petty_officer" title="Chief petty officer">Brigada</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="14"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Petty_officer" title="Petty officer">Sargento</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Able_Seaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Able Seaman">Cabo</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Seaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordinary Seaman">Marinero de primera</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Seaman_Apprentice" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaman Apprentice">Marinero</a></i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rank_flags_and_pennants">Rank flags and pennants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rank flags and pennants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rank flags and pennants of the Spanish Republican Navy followed the same pattern that had been established for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only changes were the stripes of equal width and the replacing of the red color of the lower stripe with the <i>morado</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Flag of the Second Spanish Republic">Republican Tricolor</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_(1931-1939).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rank flag of the Minister of the Navy (Ministro de Marina)"><img alt="Rank flag of the Minister of the Navy (Ministro de Marina)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Minister_of_the_Navy_Second_Spanish_Republic_%281931-1939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_flag#Rank_flags" title="Maritime flag">Rank flag</a> of the Minister of the Navy <i>(Ministro de Marina)</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viceadmiral rank flag"><img alt="Viceadmiral rank flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/120px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/180px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg/240px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Viceadmiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceadmiral">Viceadmiral</a> rank flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viceadmiral rank flag (subordinate)"><img alt="Viceadmiral rank flag (subordinate)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/120px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/180px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/240px-Flag_of_Viceadmiral_of_the_Fleet_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Viceadmiral rank flag (subordinate)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear Admiral rank flag"><img alt="Rear Admiral rank flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg/120px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg/180px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg/240px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> rank flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear Admiral rank flag (subordinate)"><img alt="Rear Admiral rank flag (subordinate)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/120px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/180px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg/240px-Flag_of_Rear_Admiral_of_the_Spanish_Republic_-_Subordinate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rear Admiral rank flag (subordinate)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval squadron)."><img alt="Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval squadron)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png/120px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png/180px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png/240px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy_-_Squadron.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gallardetón</i>. <a href="/wiki/Captain_at_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain at Sea">Captain at Sea</a> Pennant (in command of a <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(naval)" title="Squadron (naval)">naval squadron</a>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval division)."><img alt="Gallardetón. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a naval division)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png/120px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png/180px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png/240px-Captain_at_Sea_Pennant_Spanish_Republican_Navy.png 2x" data-file-width="977" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gallardetón</i>. Captain at Sea Pennant (in command of a <a href="/wiki/Division_(naval)" title="Division (naval)">naval division</a>).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallardete. Commissioning pennant"><img alt="Gallardete. Commissioning pennant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png/120px-Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png/180px-Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png/240px-Spanish-Republican-Navy-Commissioning_pennant.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Gallardete</i>. <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_pennant" title="Commissioning pennant">Commissioning pennant</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Grímpola. Senior Officer Pennant"><img alt="Grímpola. Senior Officer Pennant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG/120px-Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG/180px-Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG/240px-Senior_Officer_Pennant_-_Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Espa%C3%B1ola.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Grímpola</i>. <a href="/wiki/Military_rank#Field_or_senior_officers" title="Military rank">Senior Officer</a> Pennant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Distintivo de Madrid pennant awarded in 1938 to the vessels that took part in the Battle of Cape Palos"><img alt="Distintivo de Madrid pennant awarded in 1938 to the vessels that took part in the Battle of Cape Palos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png/120px-Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png/180px-Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png/240px-Distintivo_de_Madrid-1938.png 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="867" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Distinction" title="Madrid Distinction">Distintivo de Madrid</a></i> pennant awarded in 1938 to the vessels that took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Palos_(1938)" title="Battle of Cape Palos (1938)">Battle of Cape Palos</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Auxiliary_Navy" title="Basque Auxiliary Navy">Basque Auxiliary Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_involvement_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="German involvement in the Spanish Civil War">German involvement in the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_ships_wrecked_or_lost_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="List of foreign ships wrecked or lost in the Spanish Civil War">List of foreign ships wrecked or lost in the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Spanish_Navy_ships" title="List of retired Spanish Navy ships">List of retired Spanish Navy ships</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bruno Alonso González, <i>La flota republicana y la guerra civil de España</i>, Ed. Renacimiento, México 1944 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-96133-75-3" title="Special:BookSources/84-96133-75-3">84-96133-75-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Alpert" title="Michael Alpert">Michael Alpert</a>, <i>La Guerra Civil española en el mar</i>, Editorial Critica, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8432-975-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8432-975-6">978-84-8432-975-6</a></li> <li>José Cervera, <i>Avatares de la guerra española en el mar</i>, Editorial Noray, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7486-237-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7486-237-9">978-84-7486-237-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703221401/http://www.elcorreogallego.es/portada/ecg-h/idEdicion-2011-08-28/idMenu-opinion/idEdicion-2011_08_28/idNoticia-696247/titulo-Tenente%20de%20nav%C3%ADo%20S%C3%A1nchez%20Pinz%C3%B3n">"El Correo Gallego - Tenente de navío Sánchez Pinzón"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcorreogallego.es/portada/ecg-h/idEdicion-2011-08-28/idMenu-opinion/idEdicion-2011_08_28/idNoticia-696247/titulo-Tenente%20de%20nav%C3%ADo%20S%C3%A1nchez%20Pinz%C3%B3n">the original</a> on 2018-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Correo+Gallego+-+Tenente+de+nav%C3%ADo+S%C3%A1nchez+Pinz%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcorreogallego.es%2Fportada%2Fecg-h%2FidEdicion-2011-08-28%2FidMenu-opinion%2FidEdicion-2011_08_28%2FidNoticia-696247%2Ftitulo-Tenente%2520de%2520nav%25C3%25ADo%2520S%25C3%25A1nchez%2520Pinz%25C3%25B3n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"Nuestras pequeñas colonias no necesitan una fuerte marina, dotada de grandes y numerosas unidades. El servicio de policía de nuestros puertos, la vigilancia de las leyes de pesca y la persecución del contrabando son hoy las únicas misiones que tienen que llevar nuestras fuerzas de mar."</i>; in Joaquín Leguina & Asunción Núñez, <i>Ramón Franco, el hermano olvidado del dictador.</i> Ed. temas de Hoy, Madrid 2002, pg. 172-173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros, <i>Cambio de Rumbo</i>, Ed. Ikusager, Vitoria 2001, pg. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Española (AGGCE); Legajo 3, Expediente 11, Documento 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hermenegildo Franco Castañón, <i>Por el camino de la revolución: La Marina española, Alfonso XIII y la República</i>, Editorial Neptuno, Valladolid 2004, pg. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlos Seco Serrano, <i>Militarismo y Civilismo en la España contemporánea</i>, Instituto de Estudios Económicos, Madrid 1984, pg. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Spanish Republic 22 April 1931 Decree</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Spanish Republic 25 April 1931 Decree</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Spanish Republic 11 May 1931 Decree</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julio Busquets & Juan Carlos Losada, <i>Ruido de Sables</i>, p. 63-64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Sueiro, <i>La Flota Es Roja. Papel Clave Del Radiotelegrafista Benjamin Balboa en Julio de 1936</i>, Ed. Silente, Guadalajara 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788496862098" title="Special:BookSources/9788496862098">9788496862098</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fernando Moreno de Alborán y de Reyna & Salvador Moreno de Alborán y de Reyna, <i>La guerra silenciosa y silenciada: Historia de la campaña naval durante la guerra de 1936-1939</i>, Gráfica Lormo, Madrid 1998, vol 1, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Howson, Gerald (1998). <i>Arms for Spain.</i> New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-24177-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-24177-1">0-312-24177-1</a>. OCLC 231874197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbismarck.com/mgl/spanishcivwar.htm">The "Armada Española" 1936-39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Antony Beevor</a>, <i>The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939.</i> London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-84832-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-84832-1">0-297-84832-1</a>. pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz_Manjón-Cabeza,_Octavio1986" class="citation book cs1">Ruiz Manjón-Cabeza, Octavio (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LsZwzNcjyrUC&pg=PA597"><i>Historia general de España & América. T. XVII, La segunda república & la guerra civil</i></a>. Ediciones Rialp. p. 597. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-321-2115-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-321-2115-0"><bdi>84-321-2115-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+Espa%C3%B1a+%26+Am%C3%A9rica.+T.+XVII%2C+La+segunda+rep%C3%BAblica+%26+la+guerra+civil&rft.pages=597&rft.pub=Ediciones+Rialp&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=84-321-2115-0&rft.au=Ruiz+Manj%C3%B3n-Cabeza%2C+Octavio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLsZwzNcjyrUC%26pg%3DPA597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Antony_Beevor_1982_revised_2006-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Antony_Beevor_1982_revised_2006_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntony_Beevor2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Beevor" title="Antony Beevor">Antony Beevor</a> (2006) [1982]. <i>The Battle for Spain</i>. Orion. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2165-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7538-2165-7"><bdi>978-0-7538-2165-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain&rft.pub=Orion&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7538-2165-7&rft.au=Antony+Beevor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alpert, Michael (2008). <i>La guerra civil española en el mar</i>. pp. 99-100. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-8432-975-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-8432-975-5">84-8432-975-5</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BalfourPreston1999-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BalfourPreston1999_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalfourPreston1999" class="citation book cs1">Balfour, Sebastian; Preston, Paul (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WcpDYhAteAgC&pg=RA1-PA171"><i>Spain and the great powers in the twentieth century</i></a>. Routledge. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18078-8"><bdi>978-0-415-18078-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spain+and+the+great+powers+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18078-8&rft.aulast=Balfour&rft.aufirst=Sebastian&rft.au=Preston%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWcpDYhAteAgC%26pg%3DRA1-PA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Deutschland class cruiser</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Gabriel. (1967). <i>The Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1936-1939.</i> Princeton University Press. Princeton. pp. 249-250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kbismarck.org/canarias2.html">KBismarck.org: "The Turning point at sea, 29 November 1936"</a>. From "Canarias, Adiós", by Willard C. Frank, Jr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per photograph caption pg.146 and also text pg.201, <i>Air Power</i>, Budiansky, Stephen, Penguin Group, London England 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE/1936/364/B01143-01143.pdf">Gaceta de la República nº364, 29 de diciembre de 1936</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinavasca.eu/es/">La Marina de Guerra Auxiliar de Euzkadi (1936-1937)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Manuel Azaña</a>, Diarios de Azaña, Vol. IV, p. 620</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Thomas_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Thomas (writer)">Thomas, Hugh</a>, <i>The Spanish Civil War.</i> Penguin Books. 2001. London. p.733</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Alpert, <i>La Guerra Civil española en el mar</i>, Editorial Critica , <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-8432-975-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-8432-975-6">978-84-8432-975-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuel Rubio Cabeza, <i>Diccionario de la Guerra Civil Española 1</i>, Pág. 95. Editorial Planeta, Barcelona, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Spanish Republic 23 January 1938 Decree</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portalcultura.mde.es/Galerias/revistas/ficheros/RHN_059.pdf">Enrique García Domingo, <i>Recompensas republicanas por el hundimiento del Baleares,</i> Revista de Historia Naval 1997, Año XV no. 59, pg. 70</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215173250/http://www.portalcultura.mde.es/Galerias/revistas/ficheros/RHN_059.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-12-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juliá, Santos; Casanova, Julían; Solé i Sabaté, Josep Maria, Villarroya, Joan; and Moreno, Francisco. <i>Víctimas de la guerra civil.</i> 2006. Ediciones Temas de Hoy. Madrid. p.266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beevor, Antony. <i>The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939.</i> Penguin Books. 2006. London. p.391</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, Hugh. <i>The Spanish Civil War.</i> Penguin Books. 2001. London. p.877</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marinarepublicana.blogspot.com/2011/08/almirante-valdes-vs-o-av.html">Almirante Valdés (VS o AV)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museodeanclas.es/alfonso_xiii.html">Museo de Anclas - Ancla del "Alfonso XIII"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130106162519/http://www.museodeanclas.es/alfonso_xiii.html">Archived</a> 2013-01-06 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portalcultura.mde.es/cultural/archivos/castillaLaMancha/archivo_1095.html">Archivo General de la Marina "Álvaro de Bazán"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628194705/http://www.portalcultura.mde.es/cultural/archivos/castillaLaMancha/archivo_1095.html">Archived</a> 2012-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Spanish Republic 17 April 1931 Decree</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buquesdelaarmada.blogspot.com/">Armada Ships - Destructores. Churruca (1931-1963)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1936/04/29/039.html">Hemeroteca ABC: <i>El portaeronaves Dédalo, ha sido dado de baja</i></a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricardo Hernández & Santiago Ibáñez, <i>El acorazado Jaime I</i>. Cartagena Histórica (4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricardo Hernández & Santiago Ibáñez, <i>Vida y tragedia de los últimos acorazados españoles</i>. Cartagena Histórica (24).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/ownerBuilderView.aspx?15251">Wrecksite, Spanish Republican Navy (1936-39)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=84CAEDC87CA0F520C1257448004736C2">Ejército del Aire - 1920</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141215153220/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=84CAEDC87CA0F520C1257448004736C2">Archived</a> 2014-12-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921210159/http://www.adar.es/aviacion%20republica.htm">"ADAR, La Gloriosa en Combate"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adar.es/aviacion%20republica.htm">the original</a> on 2007-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADAR%2C+La+Gloriosa+en+Combate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adar.es%2Faviacion%2520republica.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marinadeguerra.wordpress.com/aviacion-naval/">Aviación Naval</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121211044201/http://marinadeguerra.wordpress.com/aviacion-naval/">Archived</a> 2012-12-11 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafael de la Guardia y Pascual de Pobil, <i>Crónica de la aeronáutica naval española</i> (2 vols), Ed. Nacional 1977, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788427603943" title="Special:BookSources/9788427603943">9788427603943</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The first <i>Dedalo</i> was an aircraft transportation ship and the first in the world from which an autogyro took off and landed." Naval Ship Systems Command, US: <i>Naval Ship Systems Command technical news.</i>1966, v. 15-16, page 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/buquesgce/">La guerra naval española (1910-1977)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafael de la Guardia y Pascual de Pobil, <i>El Servicio de Aerostación de la Aeronáutica Naval: 1921-1936</i>, Edit. Naval, 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE/1936/290/B00354-00355.pdf"><i>Orden, circular, declarando que el Ministro de la Guerra asume el mando de todas las fuerzas armadas & organizadas como Jefe superior de las mismas</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. Año CCLXXV Tomo IV, Núm. 290. Gaceta de Madrid: diario oficial de la República. 16 October 1936. pp. 354–355.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orden%2C+circular%2C+declarando+que+el+Ministro+de+la+Guerra+asume+el+mando+de+todas+las+fuerzas+armadas+%26+organizadas+como+Jefe+superior+de+las+mismas.&rft.pages=354-355&rft.pub=Gaceta+de+Madrid%3A+diario+oficial+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica&rft.date=1936-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fdatos%2Fpdfs%2FBOE%2F1936%2F290%2FB00354-00355.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121209002718/mediastore.magnumphotos.com/CoreXDoc/MAG/Media/TR3/f/8/1/6/PAR115600.jpg">"Robert Capa picture of the 151 Brigada Mixta at the Battle of the Segre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediastore.magnumphotos.com/CoreXDoc/MAG/Media/TR3/f/8/1/6/PAR115600.jpg">the original</a> on 2012-12-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Capa+picture+of+the+151+Brigada+Mixta+at+the+Battle+of+the+Segre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediastore.magnumphotos.com%2FCoreXDoc%2FMAG%2FMedia%2FTR3%2Ff%2F8%2F1%2F6%2FPAR115600.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpanish+Republican+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE/1938/047/B00868-00869.pdf"><i>Diario Oficial de la República, nº 47</i> (16 February 1938)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armada.mde.es/ArmadaPortal/page/Portal/ArmadaEspannola/conocenos_historia/03_bandera_armada--10_republica_ii">Armada Española - Segunda República (1931 - 1939)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tmg110.tripod.com/spain2.htm">Archive of the Colors - Kingdom of Spain, Naval ensigns, flags & pennants 1914-1931</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630152919/http://www.crucerobaleares.es/capitulos/Cap.%205%20-%20Flota%20republicana.pdf">Situacion de la Flota Republicana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mgar.net/var/guerraciv2.htm">Navegación: El 18 de Julio en la marina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/15813419/El-crucero-Baleares">El Crucero Baleares</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guerracivil.sabanet.es/pagina3.htm">Las fases de la guerra</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011150754/http://www.proyectoanibal.com/el%20canton/guerra-civil.html">La Guerra Civil Española en Cartagena</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grijalvo.com/Jar/Nabara.htm">Los bacaladeros vascos y el combate del Cabo Machichaco</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/357282/1/barco/hundido/franquismo/">Localizan un barco que puede ser el bou 'Nabarra', hundido durante la Guerra Civil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistanaval.com/armada/flotaero/aeronav.htm">Revista Naval - Aeronáutica Naval, Breve Historia y Antecedentes del Arma Aérea de la Armada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labprop.dmt.upm.es/ljuste/aviacionnaval2.pdf">La Aviación Naval Española (1917 - 2005)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621211403/http://labprop.dmt.upm.es/ljuste/aviacionnaval2.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-06-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deia.com/2012/02/25/sociedad/historias-de-los-vascos/la-marina-de-guerra-auxiliar-de-euzkadi">La Marina de Guerra Auxiliar de Euzkadi (1936.1937)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130102125112/http://www.deia.com/2012/02/25/sociedad/historias-de-los-vascos/la-marina-de-guerra-auxiliar-de-euzkadi">Archived</a> 2013-01-02 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbhac.net/Republica/Fuerzas/Marina/PardoSanGil/BuquesEuzkadi.htm">La Marina de Guerra Republicana. Marina Auxiliar de Guerra de Euzkadi. Lista de buques</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://benitosacalugarodriguez.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.html">Destructor Churruca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laestanteriadearriba.blogspot.com/2009/07/ii-republica-espanola-la-republica.html">II República Española: La república cotidiana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210213736/http://marinadeguerra.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/divisas2.png">Rank insignia of the Spanish Republican Navy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IxZRyJq15Sw/TJ-ZhgGiDpI/AAAAAAAAC2o/nXqkimqN8aM/s1600/img643.jpg">Rank insignia of the Spanish Republican Navy and Air Force</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130126080001/http://www.intariamilitaria.com/Copia%20de%20CatEne11.218.JPG">Infanteria de Marina de la República Española</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121202115107/http://marinadeguerra.wordpress.com/category/buques/">Marina de Guerra - Buques</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121130112322/http://marinadeguerra.wordpress.com/miscelanea/organizacion-2/16-de-julio-de-1936/">Marina de Guerra - Organización del 16 de julio de 1936</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.militar.org.ua/foro/armas-de-la-guerra-civil-espanola-t18267-180.html">Armas de la guerra civil española</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perso.wanadoo.es/pfcurto/serie_c.html">Series "C" submarines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109131928/http://perso.wanadoo.es/pfcurto/serie_c.html">Archived</a> 2007-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&oldid=1238781877">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Republican_Navy&oldid=1238781877</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Republican_Navy" title="Category:Spanish Republican Navy">Spanish Republican Navy</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links" title="Category:Webarchive template archiveis links">Webarchive template archiveis links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 August 2024, at 17:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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