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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Provincial deputation (Spain)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diputaci%C3%B3n_provincial" title="Diputación provincial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diputación provincial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probintziako_diputazio" title="Probintziako diputazio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Probintziako diputazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9putation_provinciale_(Espagne)" title="Députation provinciale (Espagne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Députation provinciale (Espagne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Institution charged with local government and administration in Spain</div> <p>A <b>provincial council</b> (also sometimes translated literally as <b>provincial deputation</b>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">diputación provincial</i>) is the administrator<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_31(3)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_31(3)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and governing body of a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. It is one of the entities that make up <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Spain" title="Local government in Spain">local government in Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_141(2)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_141(2)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council is made up of a president, vice presidents, an executive committee and the plenary assembly of deputies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_32(1)_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_32(1)-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The role of a provincial council is limited to:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_36(1)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_36(1)-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanel199452_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanel199452-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>providing legal, economic and technical assistance and co-operation to municipalities, particularly those with more limited economic and managerial resources;</li> <li>coordinating municipal services in order to ensure the provision of compulsory minimum services;</li> <li>providing public services extending to several municipalities and municipal associations (Spanish: <i><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">comarcas</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mancomunidad" title="Mancomunidad">mancomunidades</a></i>);</li> <li>promoting provincial interests.</li></ul> <p>Similar functions are exercised by the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_insular" title="Cabildo insular">cabildos</a></i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_141(4)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_141(4)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous communities">autonomous communities</a>, provincial councils have lost much of their power, and have a very limited scope of actions, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)" title="Basque Country (autonomous community)">Basque Country</a>, where provinces are known as <i>historical territories</i> and their government bodies retain more powers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiscal_arrangements">Fiscal arrangements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fiscal arrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Central grants represent 84% of the income of provincial councils; other sources of funds are insignificant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanel199452_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanel199452-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They include small portions of the income tax, value-added tax, payments from municipalities, some other minor taxes such as a levy surcharge on the municipal business tax, and a motor vehicle tax. They can borrow if authorised by the state or their autonomous community and then only for investment purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoogheMarksSchakel2016500–501_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoogheMarksSchakel2016500–501-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_autonomous_community">By autonomous community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By autonomous community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nine of the 50 provinces have no provincial councils for the reasons explained below. </p><p>There are provincial councils in the 41 provinces that make up the autonomous communities of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencian_Community" title="Valencian Community">Valencian Community</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n" title="Castile and León">Castile and León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>. The Basque Country has what are known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">diputaciones forales</i></span> (English: chartered councils). </p><p>Autonomous communities with only one province (<a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_Rioja" title="La Rioja">La Rioja</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>) do not have provincial councils as the government of the region handles all of their functions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_40_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_40-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the two provinces of the Canary Islands instead of a provincial council each island has a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">cabildo insular</i></span> (island council). Similarly, in the province of the Balearic Islands, instead of a provincial council each island has a <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">consejo insular</i></span> (island council). These island councils perform functions similar to those of provincial councils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_41_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_41-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_process">Electoral process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electoral process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The deputies are elected from the general public by the municipal councillors (Spanish: <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">concejales</i></span>) that make up the province, not directly by the populace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013paragraph_24_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013paragraph_24-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of deputies is determined in proportion to the number of inhabitants in each of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Spain" title="Judicial districts of Spain">judicial districts</a> using the <a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a>. Each judicial district covers a number of municipalities. </p><p>The number of deputies per province depends on population and is given as follows: </p> <div align="center"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><b>Population</b> </td> <td align="center"><b>Deputies</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Up to 500,000</td> <td>25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>500,001–1,000,000</td> <td>27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1,000,001–3,500,000</td> <td>31 </td></tr> <tr> <td>More than 3,500,000</td> <td>51 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>The only exception to this is the chartered councils of the three Basque provinces, where the deputies are elected directly by the people via proportional representation. The president is elected in the inaugural session of the council from amongst their number. The president selects the vice presidents and the executive committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_34(3)_and_Article_35(1)_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_34(3)_and_Article_35(1)-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to one academic, provincial councils have been, since their creation, the most controversial of Spain's public institutions. According to this criticism, they were neither conceived to serve the interests of the public nor for promoting provincial development. Their only concrete function in law is to support smaller municipalities. Purportedly they only serve the interests of political parties, by distributing paid positions to party members or their associates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESánchez_Morón2017fifth_last_paragraph_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESánchez_Morón2017fifth_last_paragraph-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because, indirectly elected, the deputies and office holders are in practice decided by the top officials in the larger political parties, the author says. Spain has declared itself not bound to the full extent by the requirement for direct elections of all local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013Recommendation_336_(2013)_paragraph_2(b)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013Recommendation_336_(2013)_paragraph_2(b)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another academic says provinces are the realm of <a href="/wiki/Clientelism" title="Clientelism">clientelism</a> and "parking" of politicians that is scarcely justifiable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodríguez_Álvarez201088_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERodríguez_Álvarez201088-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A senior bureaucrat has claimed that provincial councils are a superfluous and unnecessary layer of government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZafra_Víctor2004103_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZafra_Víctor2004103-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2013 European report criticised the overlap in responsibilities between various government levels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek20131_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek20131-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018 a number of political parties called for the abolition of provincial councils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABC_CValenciana2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEABC_CValenciana2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinde_Paniagua2018113_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinde_Paniagua2018113-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_31(3)-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_31(3)_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 31(3).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_141(2)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpanish_Constitution1978Article_141(2)_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978">Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 141(2).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_32(1)-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_32(1)_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 32(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_36(1)-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_36(1)_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 36(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanel199452-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanel199452_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanel199452_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanel1994">Canel 1994</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_141(4)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Spanish_Constitution1978Article_141(4)_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Spanish_Constitution1978">The Spanish Constitution 1978</a>, Article 141(4).<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFThe_Spanish_Constitution1978 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoogheMarksSchakel2016500–501-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoogheMarksSchakel2016500–501_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoogheMarksSchakel2016">Hooghe, Marks & Schakel 2016</a>, pp. 500–501.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFHoogheMarksSchakel2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_40-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_40_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before the establishment of autonomous communities in the 1980s, the provinces of Logroño (currently La Rioja), Madrid and Murcia, Oviedo (currently Asturias) and Santander (currently Cantabria) had a provincial deputation. Before the establishment of Navarra as Chartered Community, it had a <i>diputación foral</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_41-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_41_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013paragraph_24-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013paragraph_24_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoolsVerbeek2013">Cools & Verbeek 2013</a>, paragraph 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_34(3)_and_Article_35(1)-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELocal_Government_Act1985Article_34(3)_and_Article_35(1)_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985">Local Government Act 1985</a>, Article 34(3) and Article 35(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESánchez_Morón2017fifth_last_paragraph-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESánchez_Morón2017fifth_last_paragraph_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSánchez_Morón2017">Sánchez Morón 2017</a>, fifth last paragraph.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013Recommendation_336_(2013)_paragraph_2(b)-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek2013Recommendation_336_(2013)_paragraph_2(b)_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoolsVerbeek2013">Cools & Verbeek 2013</a>, Recommendation 336 (2013) paragraph 2(b).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERodríguez_Álvarez201088-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERodríguez_Álvarez201088_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRodríguez_Álvarez2010">Rodríguez Álvarez 2010</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZafra_Víctor2004103-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZafra_Víctor2004103_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZafra_Víctor2004">Zafra Víctor 2004</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek20131-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoolsVerbeek20131_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoolsVerbeek2013">Cools & Verbeek 2013</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEABC_CValenciana2018-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABC_CValenciana2018_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFABC_CValenciana2018">ABC_CValenciana 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinde_Paniagua2018113-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinde_Paniagua2018113_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinde_Paniagua2018">Linde Paniagua 2018</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFABC_CValenciana2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ABC_CValenciana (28 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/abci-podemos-pide-suprimir-diputaciones-tras-caso-corrupcion-psoe-y-compromis-201806281604_noticia.html">"Podemos pide suprimir las diputaciones tras el caso de corrupción del PSOE y Compromís"</a> [Podemos wants to abolish the provincial councils following the corruption cases of PSOE and Compromís] (in Spanish). ABC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Podemos+pide+suprimir+las+diputaciones+tras+el+caso+de+corrupci%C3%B3n+del+PSOE+y+Comprom%C3%ADs&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft.au=ABC_CValenciana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fespana%2Fcomunidad-valenciana%2Fabci-podemos-pide-suprimir-diputaciones-tras-caso-corrupcion-psoe-y-compromis-201806281604_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Canel, Maria Jose (1994). "Local government in the Spanish autonomic state". <i>Local Government Studies</i>. <b>20</b> (1). London: Frank Cass: 44–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03003939408433710">10.1080/03003939408433710</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Local+Government+Studies&rft.atitle=Local+government+in+the+Spanish+autonomic+state&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-59&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03003939408433710&rft.aulast=Canel&rft.aufirst=Maria+Jose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoolsVerbeek2013" class="citation book cs1">Cools, Marc; <a href="/wiki/Leen_Verbeek" title="Leen Verbeek">Verbeek, Leen</a> (19–21 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rm.coe.int/168071969f"><i>Local and regional democracy in Spain</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Local+and+regional+democracy+in+Spain&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2013-03-19%2F2013-03-21&rft.aulast=Cools&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.au=Verbeek%2C+Leen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frm.coe.int%2F168071969f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoogheMarksSchakelOsterkatz2016" class="citation book cs1">Hooghe, Liesbet; Marks, Gary; Schakel, Arjan; Osterkatz, Sandra Chapman; Niedzwiecki, Sara; Shair-Rosenfield, Sarah (2016). <i>Measuring Regional Authority: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance: Volume I</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Measuring+Regional+Authority%3A+A+Postfunctionalist+Theory+of+Governance%3A+Volume+I&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hooghe&rft.aufirst=Liesbet&rft.au=Marks%2C+Gary&rft.au=Schakel%2C+Arjan&rft.au=Osterkatz%2C+Sandra+Chapman&rft.au=Niedzwiecki%2C+Sara&rft.au=Shair-Rosenfield%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinde_Paniagua2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Linde Paniagua, Enrique (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6438501.pdf">"Las Diputaciones Provinciales y su Futuro Incierto"</a> [The Provincial Councils and their uncertain future] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Teoría y Realidad Constitucional</i> (in Spanish). <b>41</b> (41): 113–135. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5944%2Ftrc.41.2018.22119">10.5944/trc.41.2018.22119</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teor%C3%ADa+y+Realidad+Constitucional&rft.atitle=Las+Diputaciones+Provinciales+y+su+Futuro+Incierto&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=113-135&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5944%2Ftrc.41.2018.22119&rft.aulast=Linde+Paniagua&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F6438501.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez_Álvarez2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodríguez Álvarez, José Manuel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/POSO/article/view/POSO1010330067A/21521">"Estructura institucional y organización territorial local en España: fragmentación municipal, asociacionismo confuso, grandes ciudades y provincias supervivientes"</a> [Institutional structure and local territorial organisation in Spain: municipal fragmentation, confusing associations, large cities and surviving provinces]. <i>Política y Sociedad</i> (in Spanish). <b>47</b> (3). Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a>: 67–91. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1130-8001">1130-8001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pol%C3%ADtica+y+Sociedad&rft.atitle=Estructura+institucional+y+organizaci%C3%B3n+territorial+local+en+Espa%C3%B1a%3A+fragmentaci%C3%B3n+municipal%2C+asociacionismo+confuso%2C+grandes+ciudades+y+provincias+supervivientes&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=67-91&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=1130-8001&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez+%C3%81lvarez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FPOSO%2Farticle%2Fview%2FPOSO1010330067A%2F21521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Morón2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sánchez Morón, Miguel (January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laadministracionaldia.inap.es/noticia.asp?id=1507162">"¿Deben suprimirse las diputaciones provinciales?"</a> [Should provincial councils be abolished?]. <i>El Cronista del Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho</i> (in Spanish). <b>65</b>. Iustel. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1889-0016">1889-0016</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Cronista+del+Estado+Social+y+Democr%C3%A1tico+de+Derecho&rft.atitle=%C2%BFDeben+suprimirse+las+diputaciones+provinciales%3F&rft.volume=65&rft.date=2017-01&rft.issn=1889-0016&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Mor%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaadministracionaldia.inap.es%2Fnoticia.asp%3Fid%3D1507162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZafra_Víctor2004" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zafra Víctor, Manuel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809071942/http://repositorio.gobiernolocal.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10873/519/097-114%20Zafra.pdf">"Reflexiones sobre el gobierno local"</a> [Reflections on local government] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Anuario del Gobierno Local</i> (in Spanish) (1). Barcelona: Institut de Dret Públic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-609-5895-7" title="Special:BookSources/84-609-5895-7"><bdi>84-609-5895-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2013-4924">2013-4924</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repositorio.gobiernolocal.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10873/519/097-114%20Zafra.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> on 2016-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 Oct</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anuario+del+Gobierno+Local&rft.atitle=Reflexiones+sobre+el+gobierno+local&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004&rft.issn=2013-4924&rft.isbn=84-609-5895-7&rft.aulast=Zafra+V%C3%ADctor&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepositorio.gobiernolocal.es%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10873%2F519%2F097-114%2520Zafra.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanish_Constitution1978" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/legislacion/documentos/ConstitucionINGLES.pdf">"The Spanish Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1978<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Constitution&rft.pub=Agencia+Estatal+Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Flegislacion%2Fdocumentos%2FConstitucionINGLES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocal_Government_Act1985" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/1985/04/02/7/con">"Local Government Act (Organic Law 7/1985), Basic Principles of Local Government"</a> (in Spanish). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. 1985. pp. 8945–8964<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Government+Act+%28Organic+Law+7%2F1985%29%2C+Basic+Principles+of+Local+Government&rft.pages=8945-8964&rft.pub=Agencia+Estatal+Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Feli%2Fes%2Fl%2F1985%2F04%2F02%2F7%2Fcon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvincial+deputation+%28Spain%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_Deputations_and_Island_Councils_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Provincial Deputations and Island Councils of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_Deputations_and_Island_Councils_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial Deputations and Island Councils of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_Deputations_and_Island_Councils_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Provincial Deputations</a> and Island Councils of Spain</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diputaciones Provinciales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>A Coruña</li> <li>Albacete</li> <li>Alicante</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Provincial Deputation of Almería">Almería</a></li> <li>Ávila</li> <li>Badajoz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Barcelona" title="Provincial Deputation of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li>Burgos</li> <li>Cáceres</li> <li>Cádiz</li> <li>Castellón</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Ciudad_Real" title="Provincial Deputation of Ciudad Real">Ciudad Real</a></li> <li>Córdoba</li> <li>Cuenca</li> <li>Girona</li> <li>Granada</li> <li>Guadalajara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Huelva" title="Provincial Deputation of Huelva">Huelva</a></li> <li>Huesca</li> <li>Jaén</li> <li>León</li> <li>Lleida</li> <li>Lugo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Provincial Deputation of Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li>Ourense</li> <li>Palencia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Pontevedra" title="Provincial Deputation of Pontevedra">Pontevedra</a></li> <li>Salamanca</li> <li>Segovia</li> <li>Seville</li> <li>Soria</li> <li>Tarragona</li> <li>Teruel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Deputation_of_Toledo" title="Provincial Deputation of Toledo">Toledo</a></li> <li>Valencia</li> <li>Valladolid</li> <li>Zamora</li> <li>Zaragoza</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diputaciones Forales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Álava</li> <li>Biscay</li> <li>Gipuzkoa</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consejos Insulares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Formentera</li> <li>Ibiza</li> <li>Mallorca</li> <li>Menorca</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_insular" title="Cabildo insular">Cabildos Insulares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>El Hierro</li> <li>Fuerteventura</li> <li>Gran Canaria</li> <li>Lanzarote and Graciosa</li> <li>La Gomera</li> <li>La Palma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_Insular_de_Tenerife" title="Cabildo Insular de Tenerife">Tenerife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The regional governments of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Government_of_the_Principality_of_Asturias" title="Council of Government of the Principality of Asturias">Asturias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cantabria" title="Government of Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="Government of the Community of Madrid">Madrid</a>, Murcia, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Navarre" title="Government of Navarre">Navarre</a> and La Rioja assume the functions of a deputation in these uniprovincial regions</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&oldid=1253320370">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provincial_deputation_(Spain)&oldid=1253320370</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_deputations_of_Spain" title="Category:Provincial deputations of Spain">Provincial deputations of Spain</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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