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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Teoria del flogisto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 31 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_floxistu" title="Teoría del floxistu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teoría del floxistu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_del_flogist" title="Teoria del flogist - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teoria del flogist" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistonov%C3%A1_teorie" title="Flogistonová teorie - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Flogistonová teorie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogiston-teorien" title="Flogiston-teorien - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flogiston-teorien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogistontheorie" title="Phlogistontheorie - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phlogistontheorie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogiston_theory" title="Phlogiston theory - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phlogiston theory" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_del_flogisto" title="Teoría del flogisto - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teoría del flogisto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistoaren_teoria" title="Flogistoaren teoria - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Flogistoaren teoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نظریه فلوژیستون - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نظریه فلوژیستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogiston-teoria" title="Flogiston-teoria - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Flogiston-teoria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teor%C3%ADa_do_floxisto" title="Teoría do floxisto - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teoría do floxisto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פלוגיסטון - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלוגיסטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistonska_kemija" title="Flogistonska kemija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Flogistonska kemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogisztonelm%C3%A9let" title="Flogisztonelmélet - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Flogisztonelmélet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teori_flogiston" title="Teori flogiston - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teori flogiston" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AD%E3%82%AE%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%AC" title="フロギストン説 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フロギストン説" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფლოგისტონის თეორია - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფლოგისტონის თეორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%8C%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%80%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A4%EC%84%A4" title="플로지스톤설 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="플로지스톤설" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teori_phlogiston" title="Teori phlogiston - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teori phlogiston" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_flogistonu" title="Teoria flogistonu - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teoria flogistonu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_do_flogisto" title="Teoria do flogisto - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teoria do flogisto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_flogisticului" title="Teoria flogisticului - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teoria flogisticului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogiston_theory" title="Phlogiston theory - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phlogiston theory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogist%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_te%C3%B3ria" title="Flogistónová teória - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Flogistónová teória" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistonska_teorija" title="Flogistonska teorija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Flogistonska teorija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistonska_teorija" title="Flogistonska teorija - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Flogistonska teorija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flogistonteorin" title="Flogistonteorin - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flogistonteorin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filojiston_teorisi" title="Filojiston teorisi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Filojiston teorisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuy%E1%BA%BFt_phlogiston" title="Thuyết phlogiston - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuyết phlogiston" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%B4" title="燃素说 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燃素说" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AA%AA" title="燃素說 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="燃素說" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q120999319#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> 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Se stai cercando il personaggio delle <span style="font-style:normal; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Cronache_del_Mondo_Emerso" title="Cronache del Mondo Emerso">Cronache del Mondo Emerso</a></span>, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Flogisto_(personaggio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flogisto (personaggio)">Flogisto (personaggio)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata plainlinks avviso avviso-contenuto"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Niente fonti!"><img alt="Niente fonti!" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/45px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/68px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/90px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce o sezione  sull'argomento concetti fondamentali di chimica <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">non cita le fonti necessarie</a> o quelle presenti sono insufficienti</b>. <div class="hide-when-compact"> <div class="noprint"><hr />Puoi <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit">migliorare questa voce</a> aggiungendo citazioni da <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fonti_attendibili" title="Wikipedia:Fonti attendibili">fonti attendibili</a> secondo le <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uso_delle_fonti" title="Wikipedia:Uso delle fonti">linee guida sull'uso delle fonti</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_bonfire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/220px-Large_bonfire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/330px-Large_bonfire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Large_bonfire.jpg/440px-Large_bonfire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>La teoria del flogisto fu uno dei primi tentativi, nel XVII secolo, di spiegare i processi di ossidazione e combustione</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>teoria del flogisto</b> sulla <a href="/wiki/Combustione" title="Combustione">combustione</a> dei materiali è una teoria elaborata nel <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a> con l'intento di spiegare i processi di <a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidazione</a> e combustione, successivamente smentita e abbandonata dopo che fu resa pubblica la <a href="/wiki/Legge_della_conservazione_della_massa_(chimica)" title="Legge della conservazione della massa (chimica)">legge della conservazione della massa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>. </p><p>La teoria in sostanza sostiene che i materiali combustibili e metalli arroventati si trasformavano in "<a href="/wiki/Calce" title="Calce">calci</a>" (oggi diremmo semplicemente che si ossidano) producendo durante il processo di combustione o di <a href="/wiki/Calcinazione" title="Calcinazione">calcinazione</a>, il "flogisto", un misterioso <i>principio di infiammabilità</i> o <i>principio solforoso</i>. </p><p>Tale teoria di un <i>principio di infiammabilità</i> fu elaborata inizialmente dal chimico tedesco <a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Becher" title="Johann Joachim Becher">Johann Joachim Becher</a> (1635-1682) e successivamente sviluppata e formulata dal connazionale <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ernst_Stahl" title="Georg Ernst Stahl">Georg Ernst Stahl</a> (1660-1734), grande medico appassionato di <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">chimica</a>, che nel 1697 la propose nel suo libro <i>Zymotechnia fundamentalis sive fermentationis theoria generalis</i> (trad.: <i>Zimotecnia fondamentale ovvero teoria generale della fermentazione</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teoria">Teoria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Teoria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Teoria"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/220px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/330px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/440px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georg_Ernst_Stahl" title="Georg Ernst Stahl">Georg Ernst Stahl</a> (1660 - 1734), padre della teoria del flogisto</figcaption></figure> <p>Secondo la <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">chimica</a> moderna la combustione può essere schematizzata come segue: </p> <dl><dd><code><a href="/wiki/Combustibile" title="Combustibile">combustibile</a> + <a href="/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente">comburente</a> → prodotti + <b><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a></b></code></dd></dl> <p>Nella teoria del flogisto invece si proponeva: </p> <dl><dd><code><a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a> → <a href="/wiki/Cenere" title="Cenere">ceneri</a> + <b>flogisto</b></code></dd></dl> <p>Secondo Stahl tutte le sostanze che bruciano sono ricche di <b>flogisto</b> (dal termine greco <i>φλόξ, -ογός</i> indicante <b><a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">fiamma</a></b>). Riteneva che i metalli fossero ricchi di flogisto mentre le calci, gli attuali ossidi, ne fossero privi. Le fasi salienti della sua teoria erano le seguenti: </p> <ol><li>ogni materiale infiammabile contiene flogisto;</li> <li>quando una di tali sostanze brucia, perde la sua componente flogistica;</li> <li>il <a href="/wiki/Fuoco" title="Fuoco">fuoco</a> individua il rapido passaggio del flogisto all'esterno della sostanza.</li></ol> <p>Questa teoria ebbe molto successo perché permetteva di spiegare l'ottenimento dei metalli dalle calci. Il carbone, ricco di flogisto, ne donava durante la combustione alla calce, l'ossido, che si trasformava in metallo. L'aria aveva un'utilità indiretta in quanto serviva da mediatore, catturava il flogisto in uscita dalla legna per passarlo alla calce. In pratica, tra il metallo e il flogisto s'affermava la seguente relazione: </p> <dl><dd><code><a href="/wiki/Calce" title="Calce">calce</a> + flogisto → <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">metallo</a></code></dd></dl> <p>La relazione che Stahl individuò, tra <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> e flogisto, è la seguente: </p> <ul><li>aggiungere ossigeno = togliere flogisto</li> <li>togliere ossigeno = aggiungere flogisto</li></ul> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/XVII_secolo" title="XVII secolo">XVII secolo</a> la transizione tra <a href="/wiki/Alchimia" title="Alchimia">alchimia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">scienze chimiche</a> vere e proprie era ancora in corso; moltissimi concetti che oggi daremmo per scontati, quali <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> o <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">fasi della materia</a>, non erano ancora affatto compresi. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-David_-_Portrait_of_Monsieur_Lavoisier_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> confutò la teoria del flogisto in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9flexions_sur_la_Phlogistique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Réflexions sur la Phlogistique (la pagina non esiste)">Réflexions sur la Phlogistique</a></i>, 1783</figcaption></figure> <p>Nonostante sia oggi riconosciuta come completamente sbagliata, la teoria del flogisto per un certo tempo provvide un'ipotesi di lavoro che in apparenza spiegava molti fenomeni naturali. </p><p>Non stupisce quindi che la teoria del flogisto apparisse allora così chiara e perfetta da essere catalogata come una delle più grandi scoperte dell'epoca, rimanendo nella mente e nelle teorie dei chimici per quasi un secolo, nonostante vi fossero comunque alcune autorevoli opinioni decisamente critiche come quelle del medico olandese <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Boerhaave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Boerhaave">Hermann Boerhaave</a> (1668-1738). Egli giustamente rilevava che la teoria del flogisto era in contraddizione con l'aumento di peso delle calci (se il metallo perdeva flogisto la calce avrebbe dovuto essere più leggera): per salvare la teoria da queste osservazioni vi fu persino chi ipotizzò un "peso negativo" del flogisto. </p><p>Già nel 1753 <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lomonosov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Lomonosov">Mikhail Lomonosov</a> dimostrò l'infondatezza di tali idee, ma fu solo nel 1789 che <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier</a> con l'enunciazione della <a href="/wiki/Legge_della_conservazione_della_massa_(chimica)" title="Legge della conservazione della massa (chimica)">legge della conservazione della massa</a>, all'interno del "Traité élémentaire de Chimie", fu in grado di confutare in maniera chiara questa teoria.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Andreina Post Baracchi, Alma Tagliabue, <i>Chimica</i>, Lattes, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8880420836" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-8042-083-6</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sebastiano Liberali, <i>Sulla condizione flogistica della mania pellagrosa e della pellagra in generale</i>, Milano: Società tipografica de' classici italiani, 1831.</li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) Antoine Lavoisier, <i>Réflexions sur le phlogistique, pour servir de suite à la théorie de la combustion et de la calcination, publiée en 1777</i>, Académie royale des sciences, 1786; trad. it. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulla_combustione_de%27_corpi_nell%27aria_atmosferica_e_nella_deflogisticata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulla combustione de' corpi nell'aria atmosferica e nella deflogisticata (la pagina non esiste)">Sulla combustione de' corpi nell'aria atmosferica e nella deflogisticata</a></i>, Milano: Marelli, 1881.</li> <li>Sandra Tugnoli Pattaro, <i>La teoria del flogisto: alle origini della rivoluzione chimica</i>, CLUEB, 1983.</li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Laurent_de_Lavoisier" title="Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier">Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Simon_Laplace" title="Pierre Simon Laplace">Pierre-Simon de La Place</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Memoria sul calore</span>, a cura di Antonio Di Meo, Roma, Edizioni Teknos, 1995.</cite></li> <li>Francesco Lamendola, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo.php?id_articolo=37793"><i>L'epoca del flogisto è una tappa centrale nella storia della chimica</i></a>, www.ariannaeditrice.it, 15 marzo 2011</li> <li>Giorgio Jules Mastrobisi, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1035769/KANT_E_IL_FLOGISTO">Kant e il flogisto</a></i>, www.academia.edu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Storia_della_chimica" title="Storia della chimica">Storia della chimica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_del_flogisto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/flogisto/">Lemma "Flogisto"</a>, Enciclopedia on line di Treccani.it</li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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