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Combustione - Wikipedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Il_triangolo_del_fuoco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_triangolo_del_fuoco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Il triangolo del fuoco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_triangolo_del_fuoco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catena_di_combustione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catena_di_combustione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Catena di combustione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catena_di_combustione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prodotti_della_combustione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prodotti_della_combustione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prodotti della combustione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prodotti_della_combustione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combustione_del_metano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combustione_del_metano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Combustione del metano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combustione_del_metano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Combustione</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 89 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraf" title="Coraf - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Coraf" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Гарэнне - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гарэнне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penambusan_(kimia)" title="Penambusan (kimia) - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Penambusan (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Горене - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Горене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="দহন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3" title="Combustió - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combustió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سووتان - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سووتان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C5%99en%C3%AD" title="Hoření - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hoření" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Çуну - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуну" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylosgiad" title="Hylosgiad - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hylosgiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbr%C3%A6nding" title="Forbrænding - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forbrænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrennung_(Chemie)" title="Verbrennung (Chemie) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verbrennung (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Καύση - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καύση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brulo" title="Brulo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5lemine" title="Põlemine - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põlemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errekuntza" title="Errekuntza - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errekuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaminen" title="Palaminen - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3_(imoibri%C3%BA)" title="Dó (imoibriú) - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dó (imoibriú)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combusti%C3%B3n" title="Combustión - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Combustión" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94" title="בעירה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעירה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8" title="दहन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दहन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyaksyon_konbistyon" title="Reyaksyon konbistyon - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Reyaksyon konbistyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89g%C3%A9s_(t%C5%B1zv%C3%A9delem)" title="Égés (tűzvédelem) - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Égés (tűzvédelem)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9)" title="Այրում (երևույթ) - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Այրում (երևույթ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran_(kimia)" title="Pembakaran (kimia) - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembakaran (kimia)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81)" title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс) - ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дагар (физика-химе процесс)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombusto" title="Kombusto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kombusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruni" title="Bruni - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bruni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%84%BC" title="燃焼 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="燃焼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აალება - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აალება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%E1%B9%9B%C9%A3iwt" title="Timeṛɣiwt - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timeṛɣiwt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Жану - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%A8" title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಷ್ಣ ವಿಕಸನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EC%86%8C" title="연소 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%B9%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Күйүү - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Күйүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbrenning" title="Verbrenning - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Verbrenning" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degimo_reakcija" title="Degimo reakcija - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Degimo reakcija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deg%C5%A1ana" title="Degšana - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembakaran" title="Pembakaran - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembakaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ज्वलति - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्वलति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbranding" title="Verbranding - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verbranding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbrenning" title="Forbrenning - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forbrenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਹਿਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਹਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalanie" title="Spalanie - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spalanie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combustão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawray" title="Rawray - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rawray" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardere" title="Ardere - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ardere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Горение - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%8B" title="Умайыы - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Умайыы" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummustioni" title="Cummustioni - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cummustioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaldin" title="Boaldin - sami del nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Boaldin" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami del nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sagorijevanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Combustion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horenie" title="Horenie - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Horenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorenje_(kemija)" title="Gorenje (kemija) - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gorenje (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djegia" title="Djegia - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Djegia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagorevanje" title="Sagorevanje - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sagorevanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6rbr%C3%A4nning" title="Förbränning - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Förbränning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எரிதல் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/pcyana_puniq" title="pcyana puniq - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="pcyana puniq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="การเผาไหม้ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเผาไหม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kombustiyon" title="Kombustiyon - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kombustiyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma" title="Yanma - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yanma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Горіння - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Горіння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="احتراق - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احتراق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A1y" title="Cháy - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cháy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglarab" title="Paglarab - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paglarab" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawara" title="Sawara - wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Sawara" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פארברענונג - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארברענונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cgban%C3%A1" title="Ìgbaná - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìgbaná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7" title="燃烧 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="燃烧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C3%A2n-sio" title="Jiân-sio - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jiân-sio" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" title="燃燒 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="燃燒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukushisa" title="Ukushisa - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukushisa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Segui i suggerimenti del <a href="/wiki/Progetto:Chimica" title="Progetto:Chimica">progetto di riferimento</a>.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg/220px-Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg/330px-Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg/440px-Midsummer_bonfire_closeup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Combustione di <a href="/wiki/Legna" class="mw-redirect" title="Legna">legna</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>combustione</b> (dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latino</a> <i>combustio</i>, <i>-ōnis</i>, bruciamento)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> è una <a href="/wiki/Reazione_chimica" title="Reazione chimica">reazione chimica</a> che comporta l'<a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidazione</a> di un <a href="/wiki/Combustibile" title="Combustibile">combustibile</a> da parte di un <a href="/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente">comburente</a> (che in genere è rappresentato dall'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> presente nell'<a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a>), con sviluppo di <a href="/wiki/Calore" title="Calore">calore</a> e <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Radiazione elettromagnetica">radiazioni elettromagnetiche</a>, tra cui spesso anche <a href="/wiki/Luce" title="Luce">radiazioni luminose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gran1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Spesso la combustione è accompagnata anche dalla presenza di una <a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">fiamma</a> e gas ad alta temperatura prodotti dalla combustione, che disperdendo al loro interno polveri ottenute dalla combustione (in genere particelle carboniose), danno origine al <a href="/wiki/Fumo" title="Fumo">fumo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gran1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La combustione in assenza di fiamma è detta "combustione con brace".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In altri termini, la combustione è un'<a href="/wiki/Ossidoriduzione" title="Ossidoriduzione">ossidoriduzione</a> esotermica, in quanto un composto si ossida mentre un altro si riduce (ad esempio nel caso della combustione degli idrocarburi, il carbonio si ossida mentre l'ossigeno si riduce), con rilascio di energia e formazione di nuovi composti (generalmente anidride carbonica e acqua). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_triangolo_del_fuoco">Il triangolo del fuoco</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Il triangolo del fuoco" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Il triangolo del fuoco"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Triangolo_del_fuoco" title="Triangolo del fuoco">Triangolo del fuoco</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg/220px-Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg/330px-Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg/440px-Triangolo_del_fuoco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3614" data-file-height="3142" /></a><figcaption>Il triangolo del fuoco</figcaption></figure> <p>Il "<a href="/wiki/Triangolo_del_fuoco" title="Triangolo del fuoco">triangolo del fuoco</a>" consiste nei tre elementi che sono necessari allo svolgersi della reazione di combustione. Questi tre elementi sono:<sup id="cite_ref-gran1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combustibile" title="Combustibile">combustibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente">comburente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innesco" title="Innesco">innesco</a></li></ul> <p>Il combustibile può essere di vario tipo (solido, liquido o gassoso<sup id="cite_ref-gran1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>), per esempio: <a href="/wiki/Idrocarburi" title="Idrocarburi">idrocarburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legname" title="Legname">legname</a> o <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>.<br /> Il comburente per eccellenza è l'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> presente nell'aria.<sup id="cite_ref-gran1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /> Il combustibile e il comburente devono essere in <a href="/wiki/Campo_d%27infiammabilit%C3%A0" title="Campo d&#39;infiammabilità">proporzioni adeguate</a> perché la combustione abbia luogo, delimitate dal cosiddetto "<a href="/wiki/Campo_d%27infiammabilit%C3%A0" title="Campo d&#39;infiammabilità">campo d'infiammabilità</a>". </p><p>La reazione tra il combustibile e il comburente non è spontanea, ma avviene a opera del livello energetico della sostanza combustibile che degrada emettendo atomi di carbonio, idrogeno e altro capace di combinarsi con l'ossigeno emettendo ulteriore calore capace di mantenere il livello termico grazie al quale avviene la piroscissione del combustibile. L'innesco può essere rappresentato per esempio da una fonte di calore o da una scintilla. L'innesco rappresenta l'<a href="/wiki/Energia_di_attivazione" title="Energia di attivazione">energia di attivazione</a> necessaria alle molecole di reagenti per iniziare la reazione e deve essere fornita dall'esterno. In seguito l'energia rilasciata dalla reazione stessa ne rende possibile l'autosostentamento, senza ulteriori apporti energetici esterni. </p><p>Per poter accelerare la combustione si può adoperare una turbolenza, la quale aumenta il mescolamento tra combustibile e comburente, velocizzando la combustione. </p><p>Mancando uno degli elementi del triangolo la combustione non si sviluppa o si estingue. Spegnere un incendio è infatti possibile per sottrazione (esaurimento o allontanamento) del combustibile, per soffocamento (separazione dell'ossigeno/comburente per mezzo di una sostanza coprente) o per raffreddamento (fermando la reazione a catena di autosostentamento dell'innesco). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catena_di_combustione">Catena di combustione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Catena di combustione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Catena di combustione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La reazione di combustione è un processo complesso, composto da più <a href="/wiki/Reazione_a_catena" title="Reazione a catena">reazioni a catena</a>: </p> <ul><li>Inizio - reazioni fortemente <a href="/wiki/Processo_endotermico" title="Processo endotermico">endotermiche</a> (cioè che assorbono calore) spaiano un elettrone di valenza formando <a href="/wiki/Radicali_liberi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicali liberi">radicali liberi</a>, ovvero delle specie attive.</li> <li>Propagazione - specie attive e altre molecolari interagiscono a formare nuove specie attive.</li> <li>Ramificazione - le specie attive iniziali si diramano creandone di secondarie.</li> <li>Terminazione - l'interazione delle specie crea disattivazione o annichilimento delle specie attive, formando specie stabili.</li></ul> <p>Se le specie attive che si vanno a formare con le prime fasi della reazione a catena sono numericamente pari a quelle disattivate nella fase di terminazione, la combustione risulterà lenta e controllata; se al contrario le formazione di radicali sono superiori alle ricombinazioni si ottiene una combustione incontrollata: un'<a href="/wiki/Esplosione" title="Esplosione">esplosione</a>. Si può notare nella fase iniziale la necessità di energia per far attivare la reazione che è endotermica, chiarendo la necessità di un'energia di innesco rappresentata sopra nel triangolo del fuoco. </p><p>L'accensione di una miscela combustibile comburente può avvenire in due modi: </p> <ul><li>Autoaccensione: è l'accensione simultanea dell'intera massa di miscela. Se la temperatura di questa è elevata, il calore evacuato all'ambiente risulta minore di quello prodotto, la reazione è autocatalizzata e la pressione sale velocemente: si ha un'esplosione.</li></ul> <ul><li>Accensione provocata: si ha quando una sorgente entro la miscela cede energia, e dà luogo a un'accensione locale che può propagarsi nell'intera miscela. Questo si verifica se: <ul><li>localmente il calore della sorgente sviluppa una temperatura superiore a quella di autoaccensione.</li> <li>la quantità di miscela accesa abbia un'energia sufficiente a sostenere e propagare la combustione nell'intero volume.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prodotti_della_combustione">Prodotti della combustione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Prodotti della combustione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Prodotti della combustione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I prodotti della combustione dipendono dalla natura del combustibile e dalle condizioni di reazione. Per esempio, nella combustione del <a href="/wiki/Carbone_(energia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbone (energia)">carbone</a> (esente da impurità e quindi contenente solo <a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">carbonio</a>) si produce esclusivamente <a href="/wiki/Diossido_di_carbonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Diossido di carbonio">anidride carbonica</a> se vi è ossigeno in eccesso; in questo caso si parla di <b>combustione completa</b>. In difetto di ossigeno è invece favorita la produzione di <a href="/wiki/Monossido_di_carbonio" title="Monossido di carbonio">monossido di carbonio</a> accompagnata da fumi, <a href="/wiki/Particolato_carbonioso" title="Particolato carbonioso">nerofumo</a>, in caso di forte carenza di ossigeno. </p><p>L'azoto è un inerte, e pertanto non reagisce con nessun elemento o sostanza durante la combustione. Tuttavia, sotto determinate condizioni (alte temperature, grande eccesso d'aria, presenza di azoto nel combustibile), può reagire e creare gli <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a>. Alcune reazioni di ossidazione dell'<a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">azoto</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">carbonio</a> sono le seguenti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2(g) + O2(g) -&gt; 2NO(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2(g) + O2(g) -&gt; 2NO(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45ea9337a93fa566d697c7decca6ae0f089e73d9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:27.612ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2(g) + O2(g) -&gt; 2NO(g)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {NO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) -&gt; NO2(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mstyle> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {NO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) -&gt; NO2(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbdc6f1023336ed3fdc80de143007c4ffc624821" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:29.529ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {NO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) -&gt; NO2(g)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C(g) + O2(g) -&gt; CO2(g)}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C(g) + O2(g) -&gt; CO2(g)}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71f3bce25e49455f682a7709ac13035df9a4e8f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:25.932ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C(g) + O2(g) -&gt; CO2(g)}}}"></span></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg/75px-CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg/113px-CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg/150px-CNX_Chem_18_01_NaFlame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saggio_alla_fiamma" title="Saggio alla fiamma">Saggio alla fiamma</a> con sali di <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Anche il tipo di <a href="/wiki/Radiazione" title="Radiazione">radiazione</a> emessa dipende fortemente dalle specie chimiche in gioco nelle reazioni e in particolare dagli intermedi presenti nella <a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">fiamma</a> in stati eccitati. Per esempio, la combustione dell'<a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a>, che produce acqua, presenta una fievole luce azzurrina a causa delle transizioni dell'idrogeno monoatomico, mentre la combustione di composti che contengono importanti quantità di carbonio comporta una fiamma spesso di colorazione giallo-arancio per via della specie C<sub>2</sub>. Il fatto sperimentale che composti diversi siano associati a una diversa colorazione della fiamma viene sfruttato nell'ambito della <a href="/wiki/Chimica_analitica" title="Chimica analitica">chimica analitica</a> per effettuare un particolare tipo di analisi qualitativa, chiamata <a href="/wiki/Saggio_alla_fiamma" title="Saggio alla fiamma">saggio alla fiamma</a>. </p><p>Le reazioni di combustione hanno una dinamica molecolare estremamente complessa, ma in genere si può dire che si tratta di reazioni radicaliche a catena. </p><p>Per estensione ci si può riferire a reazioni di combustione anche quando l'ossidante non è l'ossigeno, per esempio si può dire che l'idrogeno brucia in presenza di <a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">cloro</a>. O addirittura si parla di combustione anche quando non sono in gioco reazioni chimiche ma reazioni nucleari, vedi <a href="/wiki/Combustibile_nucleare" title="Combustibile nucleare">combustibile nucleare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combustione_del_metano">Combustione del metano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Combustione del metano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Combustione del metano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La combustione completa del <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a>, CH<sub>4</sub>, produce <a href="/wiki/Anidride_carbonica" title="Anidride carbonica">anidride carbonica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>, mentre in difetto di ossigeno possono avvenire numerose reazioni conducendo a diversi prodotti, tra i quali, oltre al monossido di carbonio, anche <a href="/wiki/Metanolo" title="Metanolo">metanolo</a>. Volendo analizzare nel particolare la combustione del metano si ha che la reazione stechiometrica di combustione è: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15ab4eaec6907cc1b1f1a8d0cede5ef9087e5438" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:30.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>ciò vuol dire che per bruciare 1 <a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mole</a> (o, in modo equivalente 22,414L) di metano servono 2 moli di ossigeno. In uscita si avranno 1 mole di anidride carbonica e 2 di acqua allo stato di vapore o, in alcuni casi, liquido (quest'ultimo caso si ha se si utilizza il calore latente di vaporizzazione che condensa l'acqua, come avviene nelle caldaie a condensazione). </p><p>Questo processo ha un <a href="/wiki/Potere_calorifico" title="Potere calorifico">potere calorifico</a> che può raggiungere i 9520<a href="/wiki/Kcal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kcal">Kcal</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metro_cubo_normale" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro cubo normale">Nm³</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nella combustione del metano, lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">stato di ossidazione</a> del carbonio passa da -4 a +4, mentre per l'ossigeno la variazione è da 0 (ossigeno molecolare) a -2 (nell'acqua e nell'anidride carbonica). </p><p>Dato che spesso si utilizza l'aria anziché l'ossigeno puro, bisogna tenere conto anche della presenza dell'azoto. L'aria è approssimativamente formata (in volume) da 21% di ossigeno e da 79% da azoto; ciò vuol dire che il rapporto ossigeno/azoto è di 1:3,76. Pertanto la reazione di combustione diventa: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 + 7,52N2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O + 7,52N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mn>52</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">&#x27F6;<!-- ⟶ --></mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>,</mo> <mn>52</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 + 7,52N2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O + 7,52N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9456bf1671b527b01fcbde09882f3b198d05b438" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:52.226ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CH4 + 2O2 + 7,52N2 -&gt; CO2 + 2H2O + 7,52N2}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Nella pratica non si brucia mai secondo la reazione stechiometrica. Questo perché rispettando le giuste quantità si rischia di avere incombusti; ecco perché generalmente si cerca sempre di bruciare in eccesso d'aria (o di ossigeno). Dato che stechiometricamente per 1 volume di metano servono 9,52 volumi di aria, nella realtà si ha che il rapporto metano/aria è di circa 1:10. </p><p>Quanto anzidetto è utile per calcolare quanta aria serva per la combustione completa di metano usando aria come comburente, ma non per i rapporti stechiometrici di reazione tra metano ed ossigeno, che sono i rapporti di reazione in moli (o volumi molari, per i gas) tra reagenti e prodotti di una reazione chimica: l'azoto infatti non è un reagente (diverso sarebbe se si considerasse anche una sua trasformazione a ossidi di azoto NOx), bensì si comporta da gas inerte, ovvero come "diluente" per l'ossigeno, non reagendo nella reazione su riportata. Se invece di ossigeno puro si usa aria o altra miscela in cui sia presente ossigeno, durante la combustione è necessario dosarla in maniera che l'ossigeno sia almeno in quantità stechiometrica rispetto al combustibile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/combustione_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)"><span style="font-style:italic;">COMBUSTIONE in "Enciclopedia Italiana"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">www.treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 21 gennaio 2023</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gran1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gran1_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gran1_2-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gran1_2-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gran1_2-3">d</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-gran1_2-4">e</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGrandi">Grandi</a>,&#160;p. 1.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFGrandi">Grandi</a>,&#160;p. 2.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chimica-online.it/download/combustione-del-metano.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Combustione del Metano</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica Online</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFGrandi" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Marco Grandi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.it/books?id=qPxiBAAAQBAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Manuale per addetti antincendio nei cantieri</span></a>, IPSOA, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8821736156" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 8821736156</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignifugazione" title="Ignifugazione">Ignifugazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuoco" title="Fuoco">Fuoco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendio" title="Incendio">Incendio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_teorica_di_combustione" title="Aria teorica di combustione">Aria teorica di combustione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potenziale_termico" class="mw-redirect" title="Potenziale termico">Potenziale termico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustore" title="Combustore">Combustore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_d%27ignizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura d&#39;ignizione">Temperatura d'ignizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">Fiamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustione_dolce" title="Combustione dolce">Combustione dolce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrestatore_di_fiamma" title="Arrestatore di fiamma">Arrestatore di fiamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fattore_di_ventilazione" title="Fattore di ventilazione">Fattore di ventilazione</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/combustione" class="extiw" title="wikt:combustione">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Combustion"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Combustion?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/combustione" class="extiw" title="wikt:combustione">combustione</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file sulla <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Combustion?uselang=it">combustione</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/combustione"><span style="font-style:italic;">combustione</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Giorgio Roberti, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/combustione_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">COMBUSTIONE</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1931.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_della_scienza_e_della_tecnica" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Sergio Carrà, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/combustione_(Enciclopedia-della-Scienza-e-della-Tecnica)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Combustione</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Enciclopedia della scienza e della tecnica</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2007-2008.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P10037" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVocabolario_Treccani" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/combustione"><span style="font-style:italic;">combustióne</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P5844" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/combustióne.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">combustióne</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Victor Nikolaevich Kondratiev, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/combustion"><span style="font-style:italic;">combustion</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thermopedia.com/content/643">Thermopedia, "Combustion"</a></li></ul> <style 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