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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aro_(juguete)" title="Aro (juguete) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aro (juguete)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulringo" title="Rulringo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rulringo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uztai_(tresna)" title="Uztai (tresna) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uztai (tresna)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerceau" title="Cerceau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cerceau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aro_(xogo)" title="Aro (xogo) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aro (xogo)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B4%EB%A0%81%EC%87%A0" title="굴렁쇠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="굴렁쇠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skoppa_gj%C3%B6r%C3%B0" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sport and a child's game</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg/260px-Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg/390px-Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg/520px-Boys_with_hoops_on_Chesnut_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Canadian boys bowling bicycle rim hoops in Toronto, 1922</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hoop rolling</b>, also called <b>hoop trundling</b>, is both a sport and a <a href="/wiki/Child%27s_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Child's game">child's game</a> in which a large <a href="/wiki/Hoop_(rhythmic_gymnastics)" title="Hoop (rhythmic gymnastics)">hoop</a> is <a href="/wiki/Rolling" title="Rolling">rolled</a> along the ground, generally by means of an object wielded by the player. The aim of the game is to keep the hoop upright for long periods of time, or to do various <a href="/wiki/Juggling_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Juggling trick">tricks</a>. </p><p>Hoop rolling has been documented since antiquity in Africa, Asia and Europe. Played as a <a href="/wiki/Target_practice" title="Target practice">target game</a>, it is an ancient tradition widely dispersed among different societies. In Asia, the earliest records date from Ancient China, and in Europe from Ancient Greece. </p><p>In the West, the most common materials for the equipment have been wood and metal. Wooden hoops, driven with a stick about one foot long, are struck with the centre of the stick in order to ensure good progress. Metal hoops, instead of being struck, can be guided by a metal hook.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A version of hoop rolling played as a target game is encountered as an ancient tradition among aboriginal peoples in many parts of the world. The game, known as hoop-and-pole, is ubiquitous throughout most of Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Americas, it has been played by a great number of unrelated <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American tribes</a>. The game has exhibited many variations of materials and size of implements and rules of play.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is postulated that its wide distribution is a factor of the rich symbolical possibilities of the game, rather than indicating radial diffusion from a single center of invention.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg/220px-Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg/330px-Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg/440px-Eromenos_hoop_Staatliche_Antikensammlungen_2674_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A Greek youth depicted playing with a hoop</figcaption></figure> <p>Ancient Greeks referred to the hoop as the "trochus". Hoop rolling was practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(ancient_Greece)" title="Gymnasium (ancient Greece)">gymnasium</a>, and the prop was also used for tumbling and dance with different techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a popular form of recreation, hoop rolling was not featured in competition at the <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Games" title="Panhellenic Games">major sports festivals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hoops, also called <i>krikoi</i>, were probably made of <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, and were driven with a stick called the "elater".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hoop was sized according to the player, as it had to come up to the level of the chest. Greek vases generally show the elater as a short, straight stick. The sport was regarded as healthful, and was recommended by <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a> for strengthening weak constitutions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even very young children would play with hoops.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hoop thus held symbolic meanings in Greek myth and culture. Hoop driving is an attribute of <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a>, often depicted on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> vase paintings from the 5th century BCE. Images of the hoop are sometimes presented in the context of <a href="/wiki/Pederasty_in_ancient_Greece" title="Pederasty in ancient Greece">ancient Greek pederastic tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Rome_and_Byzantium">Ancient Rome and Byzantium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient Rome and Byzantium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg/220px-Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg/330px-Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg/440px-Child_playing_with_hoops_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>A boy playing with hoops, depicted in the 6th-century mosaics of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Palace_of_Constantinople" title="Great Palace of Constantinople">Great Palace of Constantinople</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, circa 100-300 AD, the Romans learned hoop driving from the Greeks and generally held the sport in high regard.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> term for hoop is also "trochus", at times referred to as the "Greek hoop". The stick was known as a "clavis" <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "radius", had the shape of a key, and was made of metal with a wooden handle. Roman hoops were fitted with metal rings that slid freely along the rim. According to <a href="/wiki/Martial" title="Martial">Martial</a>, this was done so that the tinkling of the rings would warn passers by of the hoop's approach: "Why do these jingling rings move about upon the rolling wheel? In order that the passers-by may get out of the way of the hoop."(14. CLXIX) He also indicates that the metal tires of wooden cart wheels could be used as hoops: "A wheel must be protected. You make me a useful present. It will be a hoop to children, but to me a tyre for my wheel."(14. CLXVIII)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martial also mentions the sport was practised by <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> boys, who rolled their hoops on the frozen <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>, one of the popular Roman venues for practising the sport was the <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius" title="Campus Martius">Campus Martius</a>, which was large enough to accommodate a wide variety of activities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Roman game was to roll the hoop while throwing a spear or stick through it. For Romans, this was more an entertainment and military development, not a philosophical activity.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several ancient sources praise the sport. According to <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>, hoop driving was one of the manly sports.<sup id="cite_ref-p139_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p139-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Tristia" title="Tristia">Tristia</a> is more specific, putting the sport in the same category with horsemanship, javelin throwing and weapon practice: "Usus equi nunc est, levibus nunc luditur armis, Nunc pila, nunc celeri volvitur orbe trochus."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also presented as a virtue in the <a href="/wiki/Distichs_of_Cato" title="Distichs of Cato">Distichs of Cato</a>, which enjoin youth to "Trocho lude; aleam fuge" ("Play with the hoop, flee the dice").<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2nd-century medical text by <a href="/wiki/Antyllus" title="Antyllus">Antyllus</a>, preserved in an anthology of <a href="/wiki/Oribasius" title="Oribasius">Oribasius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_the_Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian the Apostate">Emperor Julian</a>'s physician, describes hoop rolling as a form of physical and mental therapy. Antyllus indicates that at first the player should roll the hoop maintaining an upright posture, but after warming up he can begin to jump and run through the hoop. Such exercises, he holds, are best done before a meal or a bath, as with any physical exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In China, the game may well go back to 1000 BC or further.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usage">Modern usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg/220px-Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg/330px-Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg/440px-Pieter_Bruegel_hoepels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Dutch children rolling hoops, depicted in <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder" title="Pieter Bruegel the Elder">Pieter Bruegel</a>'s 1560 painting <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Games_(Bruegel)" title="Children's Games (Bruegel)"><i>Children's Games</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afonso_01_1846.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Afonso_01_1846.png/220px-Afonso_01_1846.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Afonso_01_1846.png/330px-Afonso_01_1846.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Afonso_01_1846.png/440px-Afonso_01_1846.png 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Afonso,_Prince_Imperial_of_Brazil" title="Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil">Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil</a> holding a stick and hoop, 1846</figcaption></figure> <p>Early 19th-century travellers saw children playing with hoops over much of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game was a common pastime of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanian</a> village children of the African <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a> plateau circa the 1910s.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not long after, it is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a> settler community.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian missionaries encountered it there in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children in late <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> Japan also were known to play the game.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English the sport is known by several names, "hoop and stick", "bowling hoops",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "gird and cleek" in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, where the gird is the hoop and the cleek, the stick. </p><p>In the west, around the end of the 19th century, the game was played by boys up to about twelve years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoops would at times have pairs of tin squares nailed to the inside of the circle, to jingle as the hoop was rolled.<sup id="cite_ref-c28_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c28-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up to a dozen such pairs of rattles might be placed around the rim of the hoop. Some preferred the ashen hoops, round on the outside and flat on the inside, to the ones made of iron, as the latter could break windows and hurt the legs of the passers by and horses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Games">Games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among the games played with the hoops—besides simply trundling them, which is a matter of driving them forward while keeping them upright—are hoop races, as well as games of <a href="/wiki/Fine_motor_skill" title="Fine motor skill">dexterity</a>. Among these are "toll", in which the player has to drive his hoop between two stones placed two to three inches apart without touching either one.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another such game is "turnpike", in which one player drives the hoop between pairs of objects, such as bricks, at first placed so that the opening is about a foot wide, with each gate kept by a different player. After running all the gates, the openings are made smaller by one inch, and the player trundling the hoop runs the course again. The process repeats until he strikes the side of a gate, then he and the turnpike keeper switch places. </p><p>Conflict games such as "hoop battle" or "tournament" can also be played. For this game, boys organise into opposing teams that drive their hoops against each other with the aim of knocking down as many of the opponents' hoops as possible. Only those hoops which fall as a result of a strike by another hoop are counted out.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some parts of England, boys played a similar game called "encounters", where two boys would drive their hoops against each other, with the one whose hoop was left standing being declared the winner.<sup id="cite_ref-c28_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c28-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga,_RDC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg/220px-Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg/330px-Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg/440px-Boy_playing_with_a_hoop_in_the_streets_of_Pinga%2C_RDC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>Boy playing hoop rolling in <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The "hoop hunt" is yet another game, in which one or more hoops are allowed to roll down a hill, with the double aim of rolling as far as possible and then of locating the hoop wherever it may have ended up.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Empire">British Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In England, children are known to have played the game as early as the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 18th century, boys driving hoops in the London streets had become a nuisance, according to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strutt_(engraver_and_antiquary)" title="Joseph Strutt (engraver and antiquary)">Joseph Strutt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p139_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p139-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the 1840s, a barrage of denunciations appeared in the papers against "The Hoop Nuisance", in which their iron hoops were blamed for inflicting severe injuries to pedestrians' shins.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The London police attempted to eradicate the practice, confiscating the iron hoops of boys and girls trundling them through the streets and parks. That campaign, however, seems to have failed, as it was accompanied by renewed complaints about the increase of the nuisance.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other writers mocked the complainers as grumblers depriving the "juvenile community" of a healthy and harmless pastime that had been practised for hundreds of years "without any apparent inconvenience to the public at large".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The passion for passing laws was ridiculed: "Enact, say our modern philosophers, enact. Pass statute after statute. Regulate with exquisite minuteness the cries of the baby in the cradle, the laughter of the hoop-trundling boy, the murmurrings of the toothless old man."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1860s, the anti-trundling campaign was taken up by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, who blamed the boys for driving iron hoops under horses' legs, with the result that the rider is thrown and very often the horse breaks a leg.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babbage achieved a certain notoriety in this matter, being denounced in debate in Commons in 1864 for "commencing a crusade against the popular game of <a href="/wiki/Tip-cat" title="Tip-cat">tip-cat</a> and the trundling of hoops".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG/220px-Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG/330px-Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG/440px-Girl_with_a_Hoop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Girl with a Hoop</i> (1885) by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The fuss over boys playing with hoops reached around the globe—in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Tasmania" title="Colony of Tasmania">Colony of Tasmania</a>, boys trundling hoops were blamed for endangering men riding horses and women's silk dresses, and the <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> newspaper called for their banishment to the suburbs by law and police attention.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not only schoolboys, but even graduate students at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> enjoyed trundling hoops after their lectures. The practice, however, was brought to an end sometime before 1816, by means of a statute that forbade Masters of Arts to roll hoops or play marbles.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 19th century, the game was already part of the standard physical education of girls, together with <a href="/wiki/Jumping_rope" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumping rope">jumping rope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dumbbells" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumbbells">dumbbells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Girls from four to fourteen could be seen by the hundreds, trundling their hoops across the grass in the London parks.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though held to be common in the early years of the 19th century, the simplicity and innocence of those years was alleged to have been replaced by the 1850s with a precocious maturity, where "Instead of trundling hoops, urchins smoke cigars."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-19th century, bent <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a> was favoured as material for making wooden hoops.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 20th-century England, girls played with a wooden hoop driven with a wooden stick, while boys' hoops were made of metal and the sticks were key-shaped and also made of metal. In some locations, hoops with spokes and bells were available in stores, but they were often disdained by boys <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>Another alternate name for hoop rolling is Gird ‘N Cleek. The World Gird ‘N Cleek championships are held annually in New Galloway, Scotland. <sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winners include Andrew Firth (1983), Alexander McKenna (2009,2018), Arthur Harfield (2019). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A great number of widely separated Native American peoples play or played an ancient target-shooting version of hoop rolling currently known as <a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a>. Though the forms of the game exhibited great variation, generally certain elements were present, namely a prepared terrain over which a disc or hoop was rolled at high speed, at which implements similar to spears were thrown.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game, when played by adults, was often associated with gambling; and quite often, very valuable prizes, such as horses, exchanged hands.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game has been played by tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Omaha_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Omaha (tribe)">Omaha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many others. </p><p>Since hoop and stick involves spear throwing, it is thought to predate the introduction of the bow and arrow that took place around 500 AD. In the <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> region in the 18th century, it was widespread and known as "takersia".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> players divide into two groups. While the first group rolls the hoops—a large and a small one—the players in the other group attempt to throw spears through the hoops.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> named two months of the year after the game: January is known as <i>Ok sey' e shi his</i>, "Hoop-and-stick game moon", and February as <i>Mak ok sey' i shi</i>, "Big hoop-and-stick game moon".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackfoot">Blackfeet</a>, children would play the game by throwing a feathered stick through the rolling hoop.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bitterroot_Salish" title="Bitterroot Salish">Salish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pend_d%27Oreilles_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pend d'Oreilles people">Pend d'Oreilles</a> youth played hoop and arrow games "to become skillful at bringing down small game for the village" in early spring, when the men were gone in search of large game.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the European settlers, hoop-rolling was a seasonal sport, seeing the greatest activity in the winter.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children, besides rolling the hoops, also tossed them back and forth, catching them on their sticks.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1830s, hoop trundling was seen as an activity so characteristic of the young that it was adopted by a fanatic sect in <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> whose members mimicked children's activities in order to gain access to <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoop driving was also seen as a remedy for the sedentary and overprotected lives led by many American girls of the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game was popular with both girls and boys: in an 1898 survey of 1000 boys and 1000 girls in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, both the girls and the boys named hoop and stick their favorite toy.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, the wood of the <a href="/wiki/Ulmus_americana" title="Ulmus americana">American elm (<i>Ulmus americana</i>)</a> was particularly valued for making hoop-poles.<sup id="cite_ref-Werthner_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Werthner-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Massachusetts)" title="Wheaton College (Massachusetts)">Wheaton College</a>, the Hoop Rolling Contest is an annual spring tradition that dates back to 1895, and is only open to graduating seniors on that college's May Day celebration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooping" title="Hooping">Hooping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_hoop" title="Hula hoop">Hula hoop</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QvQ-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14"><i>The Boy's Treasury of Sports, Pastimes, and Recreations: With Nearly Four Hundred Engravings</i></a>. J.P. Hill. 1848. pp. 14–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Boy%27s+Treasury+of+Sports%2C+Pastimes%2C+and+Recreations%3A+With+Nearly+Four+Hundred+Engravings&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=J.P.+Hill&rft.date=1848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQvQ-AAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITN6wwPtBMM">"Streets & People of Abidjan. IVORY COAST (Côte d'Ivoire). West Africa"</a>. February 5, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/ITN6wwPtBMM">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-13 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Streets+%26+People+of+Abidjan.+IVORY+COAST+%28C%C3%B4te+d%27Ivoire%29.+West+Africa&rft.date=2012-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DITN6wwPtBMM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gO_p_IXRKjQ&t=202">"Central African Republic Vlog #018"</a>. November 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/gO_p_IXRKjQ">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-13 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+African+Republic+Vlog+%23018&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DgO_p_IXRKjQ%26t%3D202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_McFarland_Davis_p44-56_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew McFarland Davis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indiangamesanhis06857gut"><i>Indian Games</i></a>. pp. 44–56. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1595406042" title="Special:BookSources/1595406042">1595406042</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO._F._Raum1953" class="citation journal cs1">O. F. Raum (1953). "The rolling target (hoop-and-pole) game in Africa". <i>African Studies</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 104–121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00020185308706913">10.1080/00020185308706913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Studies&rft.atitle=The+rolling+target+%28hoop-and-pole%29+game+in+Africa&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=104-121&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00020185308706913&rft.au=O.+F.+Raum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Smith (1859) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/adictionarygree05smitgoog">A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities</a>. Little, Brown, and Co. p. 1168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_König2005" class="citation book cs1">Jason König (21 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WypKKCGev2wC"><i>Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83845-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83845-0"><bdi>978-0-521-83845-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athletics+and+Literature+in+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-04-21&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83845-0&rft.au=Jason+K%C3%B6nig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWypKKCGev2wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward M Plummer (1856) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/athleticsgamesof0203plum"><i>Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks</i></a>. Cambridge, Mass., Lombard & Caustic, Printers. p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Hippocrates recommended playing with a hoop as a cure for weak people" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Mathews_Gedo1985" class="citation book cs1">Mary Mathews Gedo (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbDpAAAAMAAJ"><i>Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Art: PPA</i></a>. Vol. 1. Analytic Press. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88163-030-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88163-030-5"><bdi>978-0-88163-030-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychoanalytic+Perspectives+on+Art%3A+PPA&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Analytic+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-88163-030-5&rft.au=Mary+Mathews+Gedo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnbDpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Augustus_St._John" title="James Augustus St. John">James Augustus St. John</a> (1878) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mannerscustomsof01wilk"><i>The history of the manners and customs of ancient Greece</i></a>. Volume 1. London, J. Murray. p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigel_Spivey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Spivey" title="Nigel Spivey">Nigel Spivey</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cgkzWTugSj0C"><i>The Ancient Olympics</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280604-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280604-8"><bdi>978-0-19-280604-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Olympics&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280604-8&rft.au=Nigel+Spivey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcgkzWTugSj0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Groos" title="Karl Groos">Karl Groos</a> (1901) "Playful Use of the Motor Apparatus". Chapter 2 in <i>The Play of Man</i>, translated by Elizabeth L. Baldwin. New York: Appleton: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Groos/Groos_1901/chapter2.html">pp. 74–121</a>. "Other rolling toys, such as wheels and hoops, whose motion is kept up by means of continuous striking, offer a very different kind of amusement. The violent running, combining as it does something of the zest of the chase with the pleasure of overcoming a difficulty, forms a delightful compound with the enjoyment of the rolling as such. The Greeks called the hoop trocoVor krikoV. They were rather large, and made of metal studded with tinkling bells and propelled by a metal rod. Ganymede is often represented with such a hoop. The Romans had an extraordinary fondness for this sport, and Ovid, who refers to a teacher of the art of hoop rolling, says in one of his enumerations of the spring games: "Usus equi nunc est, levibus nunc luditur armis, Nunc pila, nunc celeri volvitur orbe trochus." Fouquières cites a passage from Martial about youths rolling hoops on frozen streams.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley_Fosbroke" title="Thomas Dudley Fosbroke">Thomas Dudley Fosbroke</a> (1843) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofan02fosb"><i>Encyclopædia of antiquities: and elements of archaeology ...</i></a>. Vol. 2. N3. London : M. A. Nattali. p. 619</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris">Harris</a>, pp. 136–137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Dalby2002" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Dalby (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RXAq6YkI5XgC"><i>Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and Indulgence in the Roman World</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28073-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28073-0"><bdi>978-0-415-28073-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire+of+Pleasures%3A+Luxury+and+Indulgence+in+the+Roman+World&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28073-0&rft.au=Andrew+Dalby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRXAq6YkI5XgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGempf,_Conrad1994" class="citation book cs1">Gempf, Conrad (1 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W-L1DA1ptKQC"><i>The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 458, note 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4847-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-4847-5"><bdi>978-0-8028-4847-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Acts+in+Its+Graeco-Roman+Setting&rft.pages=458%2C+note+5&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1994-05-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-4847-5&rft.au=Gempf%2C+Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW-L1DA1ptKQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Delaney,_Tim_Madigan2009" class="citation book cs1">Tim Delaney, Tim Madigan (2009). <i>The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction</i>. McFarland. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4169-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4169-3"><bdi>978-0-7864-4169-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sociology+of+Sports%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-4169-3&rft.au=Tim+Delaney%2C+Tim+Madigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p139-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p139_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p139_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Pulleyn (1830) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/etymologicalcom00pullgoog">The etymological compendium, or, Portfolio of origins and inventions</a>. T. Tegg. p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris">Harris</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris">Harris</a>, p. 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Harris">Harris</a>, pp. 133 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin Corfield (2009) "Ancient China" in <i>Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society</i> By Rodney P. Carlisle; p. 24. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1412966701" title="Special:BookSources/1412966701">1412966701</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a> (1838) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyageenamriq00chat"><i>Voyage en Amérique</i></a>. Paris: Lefèvre et Ledentu. p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugust_Franz_L.M._HaxthausenAugust_Franz_L.M._Haxthausen1847" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">August Franz L.M. Haxthausen; August Franz L.M. Haxthausen (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6asOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA20"><i>Studien über die innern Zustände, das Volksleben und insbesondere die ländlichen Einrichtungen Russlands</i></a>. Vol. 1, Part 2. p. 20. <q>Es waren allerliebste kleine blonde Buben, die mit dem Reife spielten</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studien+%C3%BCber+die+innern+Zust%C3%A4nde%2C+das+Volksleben+und+insbesondere+die+l%C3%A4ndlichen+Einrichtungen+Russlands&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1847&rft.au=August+Franz+L.M.+Haxthausen&rft.au=August+Franz+L.M.+Haxthausen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6asOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullen Gouldsbury (1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatplateauofno00go">The Great Plateau of Northern Rhodesia, Being Some Impressions of the ...</a>. E. Arnold. p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benjamin_Ageh_Wellesley_Cole" title="Robert Benjamin Ageh Wellesley Cole">Robert Benjamin Ageh Wellesley Cole</a> (1960) <i>Kossoh Town Boy</i>. University Press. p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"They also delight in rolling the hoop", p. 69 in <i>The Gospel in all lands</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Rutherford Alcock (1863) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/capitaloftycoonn01alcoiala"><i>The capital of the tycoon: a narrative of a three years' residence in Japan</i></a>. New York: Bradley Co. p. 281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayne_Cameron1994" class="citation journal cs1">Layne Cameron (June 1994). "Bowling hoops". <i>Child Life</i>. <b>73</b> (4): 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Life&rft.atitle=Bowling+hoops&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1994-06&rft.au=Layne+Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellscomplet00longoog"><i>Cassell's Complete Book of Sports and Pastimes</i></a> (1896). Cassell. p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c28-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-c28_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-c28_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Clarke (1829) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/boysownbookacom01clargoog"><i>The Boy's Own Book: A Complete Encyclopedia of All the Diversions Athletic</i></a>. Vizetelly, Branston and Co. p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Corner cupboard, by the ed. of "Enquire within Upon Everything"</i>. p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Kendrick (1852) <i>Every boy's book of games, sports, and diversions, or The school-boy's manual of amusement, instruction and health</i>. London: Grieves. p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Chambers, Robert Chambers (1864) <i><a href="/wiki/Chambers%27s_Edinburgh_Journal" title="Chambers's Edinburgh Journal">Chamber's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Arts</a></i>. p. 503</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Pictorial History of England</i> vol. 2, by <a href="/wiki/George_Lillie_Craik" title="George Lillie Craik">George Lillie Craik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Knight_(publisher)" title="Charles Knight (publisher)">Charles Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_MacFarlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles MacFarlane">Charles MacFarlane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Martineau" title="Harriet Martineau">Harriet Martineau</a>; p. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Jackson2006" class="citation book cs1">Lee Jackson (1 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GEswrOisKB0C"><i>A Dictionary of Victorian London: An A-Z of the Great Metropolis</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85728-711-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85728-711-3"><bdi>978-0-85728-711-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Victorian+London%3A+An+A-Z+of+the+Great+Metropolis&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2006-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85728-711-3&rft.au=Lee+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGEswrOisKB0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Goodway2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Goodway" title="David Goodway">David Goodway</a> (10 October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g1BOgOAJLoIC"><i>London Chartism 1838–1848</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89364-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-89364-0"><bdi>978-0-521-89364-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London+Chartism+1838%E2%80%931848&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-10-10&rft.isbn=978-0-521-89364-0&rft.au=David+Goodway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg1BOgOAJLoIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9YRTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA353">"An Englishman's Privilege"</a>. <i>Chambers's Journal</i>. <b>49</b>: 353. 1844.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chambers%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Englishman%27s+Privilege&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=353&rft.date=1844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9YRTAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_ScottFrancis_GardenJames_Bowling_Mozley1821" class="citation book cs1">William Scott; Francis Garden; James Bowling Mozley (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1LURAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Christian Remembrancer</i></a>. Vol. 3. F.C. & J. Rivington. p. 200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Christian+Remembrancer&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=F.C.+%26+J.+Rivington&rft.date=1821&rft.au=William+Scott&rft.au=Francis+Garden&rft.au=James+Bowling+Mozley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1LURAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a> (1864) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/passagesfromlif01babbgoog">Passages from the life of a philosopher</a>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press; Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. p. 360</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hansard's parliamentary debates. THIRD SERIES COMMENCING WITH THE ACCESSION OF WILLIAM IV. 27° & 28° VICTORIA, 1864. VOL. CLXXVI. COMPRISING THE PERIOD FROM THE TWENTY-FIRST DAY OF JUNE 1864, TO THE TWENTY-NINTH DAY OF JULY 1864. Parliament, Thomas Curson Hansard "Street Music (Metropolis) Bill"; V4, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dugT3_K-1ZIC&pg=PA471">p. 471</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3249974?searchTerm=The%20Hoop%20Nuisance-The%20practice%20pursued%20by%20boys%20in%20trundling%20their%20hoops%20&searchLimits=exactPhrase">"General Intelligence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobart_Town_Daily_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hobart Town Daily Mercury">The Hobart Town Daily Mercury</a></i>. Vol. II, no. 197. August 18, 1858. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 27,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>. <q>The Hoop Nuisance—The practice pursued by boys in trundling their hoops on the streets and footpaths has become a dangerous nuisance. The other day a gentleman was riding a rather spirited horse in Macquarie-street when a careless urchin drove his hoop against the animal's legs, when it instantly reared and plunged, and would have thrown its rider had not his good horsemanship enabled him to keep his seat, and, eventually, to quiet the frightened horse. On another occasion an elderly lady was crossing Davey-street, where three boys were vigorously racing with their hoops, one of which came in contact with the lady's silk dress, and damaged it by a considerable rent. We are not adverse to boyish games or amusements, and as there are numerous quiet localities in the suburbs, but little frequented by passengers, either on horse or foot, the boys ought to be compelled to quiet the public thoroughfares, and to resort to places where no injury could arise from the pursuit of their pastimes. The Corporation could effect this by a bye-law, and the Police ought to receive strict directions rigidly to enforce it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hobart+Town+Daily+Mercury&rft.atitle=General+Intelligence&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=197&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1858-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F3249974%3FsearchTerm%3DThe%2520Hoop%2520Nuisance-The%2520practice%2520pursued%2520by%2520boys%2520in%2520trundling%2520their%2520hoops%2520%26searchLimits%3DexactPhrase&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValpyBarker2013" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_John_Valpy" title="Abraham John Valpy">Valpy, Abraham John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Henry_Barker" title="Edmund Henry Barker">Barker, Edmund Henry</a>, eds. (2013). "Essay on Triposes". <i>The Classical Journal</i>. <b>XXV</b>: 83–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139566100.010">10.1017/CBO9781139566100.010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139566100" title="Special:BookSources/9781139566100"><bdi>9781139566100</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Journal&rft.atitle=Essay+on+Triposes&rft.volume=XXV&rft.pages=83-90&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139566100.010&rft.isbn=9781139566100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">George Ripley</a> (1858) <i><a href="/wiki/New_American_Cyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New American Cyclopedia">New American Cyclopedia</a></i>, Vol. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newamericancycl08danagoog">p. 609</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant_Thorburn1834" class="citation book cs1">Grant Thorburn (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menandmannersin00thorgoog"><i>Men and manners in Britain: or, A bone to gnaw for the Trollopes, Fidlers, &c. being notes from a journal, on sea and on land, in 1833-4</i></a>. Wiley & Long. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menandmannersin00thorgoog/page/n63">37</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+and+manners+in+Britain%3A+or%2C+A+bone+to+gnaw+for+the+Trollopes%2C+Fidlers%2C+%26c.+being+notes+from+a+journal%2C+on+sea+and+on+land%2C+in+1833-4&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Wiley+%26+Long&rft.date=1834&rft.au=Grant+Thorburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenandmannersin00thorgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Romaunt1852" class="citation journal cs1">Christopher Romaunt (10 January 1852). "Boyhood as it Is". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Literary_World_(New_York_City)" title="The Literary World (New York City)">The Literary World</a></i>. <b>10</b> (257): 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Literary+World&rft.atitle=Boyhood+as+it+Is&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=257&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1852-01-10&rft.au=Christopher+Romaunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliakim_LittellRobert_S._Littell1856" class="citation book cs1">Eliakim Littell; Robert S. Littell (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GNW0N46G7XQC&pg=PA479">"Timber-Bending"</a>. <i>The Living Age ..</i>. Vol. 51. Littell, Son. p. 479. <q>The ash is familiar to us, bent into trundling hoops, and measures for dry commodities</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Timber-Bending&rft.btitle=The+Living+Age+...&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=Littell%2C+Son&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Eliakim+Littell&rft.au=Robert+S.+Littell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGNW0N46G7XQC%26pg%3DPA479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.facebook.com/The-Scottish-Alternative-Games-New-Galloway-275903176494927/posts/">"Scottish Alternative Games Facebook Page"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Scottish+Alternative+Games+Facebook+Page&rft.date=2020-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2FThe-Scottish-Alternative-Games-New-Galloway-275903176494927%2Fposts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynette_PerryManny_Skolnick1999" class="citation book cs1">Lynette Perry; Manny Skolnick (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keeperofdelaware0000perr"><i>Keeper of the Delaware Dolls</i></a></span>. University of Nebraska Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/keeperofdelaware0000perr/page/82">82</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-8759-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-8759-4"><bdi>978-0-8032-8759-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Keeper+of+the+Delaware+Dolls&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-8759-4&rft.au=Lynette+Perry&rft.au=Manny+Skolnick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkeeperofdelaware0000perr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Augustus Murray">Charles Augustus Murray</a> (1839) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travelsinnortham01murr">Travels in North America: including a summer residence with the ...</a> Vol. 2. London, R. Bentley. p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuben_Gold_Thwaites2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Gold_Thwaites" title="Reuben Gold Thwaites">Reuben Gold Thwaites</a> (7 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZjgivgAACAAJ"><i>Early Western Travels, 1748–1846, Vol. 14: A Series of Annotated Reprints of Some of the Best and Rarest Contemporary Volumes of Travel; Part I of James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819–1820 (Classic Reprint)</i></a>. Fb &C Limited. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-333-88063-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-333-88063-7"><bdi>978-1-333-88063-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Western+Travels%2C+1748%E2%80%931846%2C+Vol.+14%3A+A+Series+of+Annotated+Reprints+of+Some+of+the+Best+and+Rarest+Contemporary+Volumes+of+Travel%3B+Part+I+of+James%27s+Account+of+S.+H.+Long%27s+Expedition%2C+1819%E2%80%931820+%28Classic+Reprint%29&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Fb+%26C+Limited&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft.isbn=978-1-333-88063-7&rft.au=Reuben+Gold+Thwaites&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZjgivgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart_Culin1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Culin" title="Stewart Culin">Stewart Culin</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zYI6_uJ66jIC&pg=PA463"><i>Games of the North American Indians: Games of skill</i></a>. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 463–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-6356-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-6356-2"><bdi>0-8032-6356-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Games+of+the+North+American+Indians%3A+Games+of+skill&rft.pages=463-&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8032-6356-2&rft.au=Stewart+Culin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzYI6_uJ66jIC%26pg%3DPA463&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-François_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lapérouse1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytGNKkgnOl0C"><i>Monterey in 1786: The Journals of Jean François de la Pérouse</i></a>. Heyday. p. 96, note 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-930588-39-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-930588-39-7"><bdi>978-0-930588-39-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monterey+in+1786%3A+The+Journals+of+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois+de+la+P%C3%A9rouse&rft.pages=96%2C+note+24&rft.pub=Heyday&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-930588-39-7&rft.au=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+de+Galaup%2C+comte+de+Lap%C3%A9rouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DytGNKkgnOl0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteve_Craig2002" class="citation book cs1">Steve Craig (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KKlSSRq-P2QC"><i>Sports and Games of the Ancients</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31600-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-31600-5"><bdi>978-0-313-31600-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+and+Games+of+the+Ancients&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-31600-5&rft.au=Steve+Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKKlSSRq-P2QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_Bird_Grinnell1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bird_Grinnell" title="George Bird Grinnell">George Bird Grinnell</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ho7YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Pawnee, Blackfoot, and Cheyenne: History and Folklore of the Plains</i></a>. Scribner. p. 175.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pawnee%2C+Blackfoot%2C+and+Cheyenne%3A+History+and+Folklore+of+the+Plains&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1961&rft.au=George+Bird+Grinnell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dho7YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJason_HookMartin_Pegler2001" class="citation book cs1">Jason Hook; Martin Pegler (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oIdfr5fuGCAC"><i>To Live and Die in the West: The American Indian Wars, 1860–90</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-370-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-370-5"><bdi>978-1-57958-370-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Live+and+Die+in+the+West%3A+The+American+Indian+Wars%2C+1860%E2%80%9390&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-370-5&rft.au=Jason+Hook&rft.au=Martin+Pegler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoIdfr5fuGCAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Traditional_Games_Society" class="citation book cs1">International Traditional Games Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184155/http://www.opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/Search/Health%20Enhancement/All%20traditional%20games.pdf"><i>Indian Education for All – Traditional Games Unit</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Revised 2013 ed.). Montana Office of Public Instruction. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/Search/Health%20Enhancement/All%20traditional%20games.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Education+for+All+%E2%80%93+Traditional+Games+Unit&rft.edition=Revised+2013&rft.pub=Montana+Office+of+Public+Instruction&rft.au=International+Traditional+Games+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opi.mt.gov%2Fpdf%2FIndianEd%2FSearch%2FHealth%2520Enhancement%2FAll%2520traditional%2520games.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>American Education</i> (1910), Vols. 14–15. Nabu Press p. 350 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1179099036" title="Special:BookSources/1179099036">1179099036</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorothy_A._Mays2004" class="citation book cs1">Dorothy A. Mays (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UYWs-GQDiOkC"><i>Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, and Freedom in a New World</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-429-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-429-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-429-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Early+America%3A+Struggle%2C+Survival%2C+and+Freedom+in+a+New+World&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-429-5&rft.au=Dorothy+A.+Mays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUYWs-GQDiOkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Fanatics in New York" (1832). From <i>The North American Review</i>. March 26, 1899, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=950DEEDE153CE433A25755C2A9659C94689ED7CF">p. 23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wisconsin journal of education, Volume 1 By Wisconsin. Dept. of Public Instruction, Wisconsin Education Association Council, Wisconsin Teachers' Association, Wisconsin Education Association; p. 52; 1857</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulie_HusbandJim_O'Loughlin2004" class="citation book cs1">Julie Husband; Jim O'Loughlin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k5mWcnhVN08C"><i>Daily Life in the Industrial United States, 1870–1900</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32302-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32302-7"><bdi>978-0-313-32302-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+the+Industrial+United+States%2C+1870%E2%80%931900&rft.pages=126&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32302-7&rft.au=Julie+Husband&rft.au=Jim+O%27Loughlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk5mWcnhVN08C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Werthner-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Werthner_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerthner1935" class="citation book cs1">Werthner, William B. (1935). <i>Some American Trees: An intimate study of native Ohio trees</i>. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. xviii + 398.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+American+Trees%3A+An+intimate+study+of+native+Ohio+trees&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=xviii+%2B+398&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Werthner&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hoop_rolling" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hoop rolling">Hoop rolling</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Harris" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Arthur_Harris" title="Harold Arthur Harris">Harold Arthur Harris</a> (January 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IJytuwyqKgcC"><i>Sport in Greece and Rome</i></a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-0718-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-0718-4"><bdi>0-8014-0718-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+in+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1972-01&rft.isbn=0-8014-0718-4&rft.au=Harold+Arthur+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIJytuwyqKgcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHoop+rolling" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Juggling" title="Template:Juggling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Juggling" title="Template talk:Juggling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Juggling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Juggling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Juggling_and_object_manipulation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Juggling" title="Juggling">Juggling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Object_manipulation" title="Object manipulation">object manipulation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Juggling_pattern" title="Juggling pattern">Patterns</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Forms_of_juggling" title="Forms of juggling">forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_(juggling)" title="Box (juggling)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_(juggling)" title="Cascade (juggling)">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claw_(juggling)" title="Claw (juggling)">Claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columns_(juggling)" title="Columns (juggling)">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(juggling)" title="Flash (juggling)">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_(juggling)" title="Fountain (juggling)">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havana_(juggling)" title="Havana (juggling)">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joggling" title="Joggling">Joggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyball" title="Jollyball">Jollyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mills%27_Mess" title="Mills' Mess">Mills' Mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(juggling)" title="Multiplex (juggling)">Multiplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_notation" title="Juggling notation">Notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siteswap" title="Siteswap">Siteswap</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_siteswaps" title="List of siteswaps">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(juggling)" title="Passing (juggling)">Passing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubenstein%27s_Revenge" title="Rubenstein's Revenge">Rubenstein's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shower_(juggling)" title="Shower (juggling)">Shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toss_juggling" title="Toss juggling">Toss</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indian_club" title="Indian club"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/60px-Indian_clubs.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/90px-Indian_clubs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Indian_clubs.jpg/120px-Indian_clubs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1928" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_skill_toys" title="List of skill toys">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_ball" title="Juggling ball">Ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean_bag" title="Bean bag">Bean bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouncy_ball" title="Bouncy ball">Bouncy ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacky_sack" title="Hacky sack">Hacky sack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_box_(juggling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cigar box (juggling)">Cigar box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_club" title="Juggling club">Club</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_club" title="Indian club">Indian club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup-and-ball" title="Cup-and-ball">Cup-and-ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kendama" title="Kendama">Kendama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_dance" title="Fan dance">Fan dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard_(skateboard)" title="Fingerboard (skateboard)">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagging_dance" title="Flagging dance">Flagging dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_throwing" title="Flag throwing">Flag throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_manipulation" title="Hat manipulation">Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_juggling" title="Knife juggling">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_spinning" title="Plate spinning">Plate spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_ring" title="Juggling ring">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torch_(juggling)" title="Torch (juggling)">Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_roping" title="Trick roping">Trick roping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups<br />and <a href="/wiki/Juggling_convention" title="Juggling convention">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_convention" title="Juggling convention">Juggling Conventions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Circus_Arts_Festival" title="Bay Area Circus Arts Festival">BACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Juggling_Convention" title="British Juggling Convention">BJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Juggling_Convention" title="European Juggling Convention">EJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Juggling_Convention" title="Israeli Juggling Convention">IJC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_competition" title="Juggling competition">Competitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat juggling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Jugglers%27_Association" title="International Jugglers' Association">IJA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_Information_Service" title="Juggling Information Service">JIS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_world_records" title="Juggling world records">JISCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_show" title="Renegade show">Renegade show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Juggling_Federation" title="World Juggling Federation">WJF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Balance_(ability)" title="Balance (ability)">Balance</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Twirling" title="Twirling">twirling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrojax" title="Astrojax">Astrojax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_yo-yo" title="Eskimo yo-yo">Alaskan yo-yo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_twirling" title="Baton twirling">Baton twirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabolo" title="Diabolo">Chinese yo-yo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo-copter" title="Bamboo-copter">Chinese top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_manipulation" title="Coin manipulation">Coin manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_juggling" title="Contact juggling">Contact juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil_sticks" title="Devil sticks">Devil sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_fan" title="Fire fan">Fire fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_staff" title="Fire staff">Fire staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flair_bartending" title="Flair bartending">Flair bartending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooping" title="Hooping">Hooping</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hoop rolling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(juggling)" title="Meteor (juggling)">Meteor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepie_uppie" title="Keepie uppie">Keepie uppie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_spinning" title="Pen spinning">Pen spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">Poi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poi_definitions" title="Poi definitions">tricks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_top" title="Spinning top">Top</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rattleback" title="Rattleback">Rattleback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-yo" title="Yo-yo">Yo-yo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_juggling_culture" title="Modern juggling culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_juggling" title="History of juggling">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_in_ancient_China" title="Juggling in ancient China">Ancient China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jugglers" title="List of jugglers">Jugglers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_robot" title="Juggling robot">Robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Juggling terminology">Terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juggling_world_records" title="Juggling world records">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&oldid=1256280563">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoop_rolling&oldid=1256280563</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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