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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Svojstva_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svojstva_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Svojstva zvuka</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svojstva_zvuka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Svojstva zvuka</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svojstva_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Izvori_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Izvori zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Širenje_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Širenje_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Širenje zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Širenje_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jakost_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakost_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jakost zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakost_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decibel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decibel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Decibel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decibel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Bel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>Neper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osjet_zvuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osjet_zvuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Osjet zvuka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osjet_zvuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osnovni_pojmovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnovni_pojmovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Osnovni pojmovi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Osnovni_pojmovi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Osnovni pojmovi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Osnovni_pojmovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titraj" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titraj"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Titraj</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titraj-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zvuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zvuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Zvuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zvuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Šum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Šum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Šum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Šum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Glas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atmosferska_akustika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atmosferska_akustika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atmosferska akustika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atmosferska_akustika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Građevna_akustika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Građevna_akustika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Građevna akustika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Građevna_akustika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Građevna akustika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Građevna_akustika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zvučna_izolacija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zvučna_izolacija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Zvučna izolacija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zvučna_izolacija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prostorna_akustika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prostorna_akustika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prostorna akustika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prostorna_akustika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vanjske poveznice</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sestrinski_projekti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sestrinski_projekti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sestrinski projekti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sestrinski_projekti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mrežna_mjesta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mrežna_mjesta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Mrežna mjesta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mrežna_mjesta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akustika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 84 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="صوتيات (فيزياء) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوتيات (فيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустыка – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акустыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="শব্দবিজ্ঞান – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শব্দবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="སྒྲ་རླབས་རིག་པ། – tibetski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒྲ་རླབས་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="دەنگناسی (فیزیک) – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەنگناسی (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acwsteg" title="Acwsteg – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Acwsteg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ακουστική – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακουστική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučeni članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acoustics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiko" title="Akustiko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akustiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="صوت‌شناسی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صوت‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiikka" title="Akustiikka – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akustiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusunivosa" title="Gusunivosa – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Gusunivosa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustique" title="Acoustique – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acoustique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuaimeola%C3%ADocht" title="Fuaimeolaíocht – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuaimeolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אקוסטיקה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקוסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="ध्वनिकी – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ध्वनिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoustik" title="Akoustik – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akoustik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akusztika" title="Akusztika – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Akusztika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ձայնագիտություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձայնագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustiko" title="Akustiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Akustiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BF%E5%AD%A6" title="音響学 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="音響学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%8C%ED%96%A5%ED%95%99" title="음향학 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="음향학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Acustica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Aкустика – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Aкустика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ശബ്ദശാസ്ത്രം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശബ്ദശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoestiek" title="Akoestiek – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Akoestiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustikk" title="Akustikk – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Akustikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustikk" title="Akustikk – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Akustikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustyka" title="Akustyka – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akustyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%B9stica" title="Acùstica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Acùstica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%BAstica" title="Acústica – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acústica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acustic%C4%83" title="Acustică – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acustică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%B9stica" title="Acùstica – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acùstica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ධ්‍වනි විද්‍යාව – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ධ්‍වනි විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics" title="Acoustics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Acoustics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒலியியல் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒலியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="ధ్వనితరంగశాస్త్రం – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ధ్వనితరంగశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สวนศาสตร์ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวนศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustik" title="Akustik – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akustik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – tuvinski" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустика – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Акустика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="صدائیات – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صدائیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82m_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Âm học – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Âm học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akustika" title="Akustika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Akustika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="声学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="声学 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="声学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="聲學 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="聲學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="聲學 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82811#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Akustika" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Akustika" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Akustika"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Akustika"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Akustika" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Akustika" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&oldid=6908435" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Akustika&id=6908435&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAkustika%26section%3D13%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAkustika%26section%3D13%26veaction%3Dedit"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Akustika"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Akustika&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acoustics" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q82811" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/250px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/375px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spherical_pressure_waves.gif/500px-Spherical_pressure_waves.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">Zvuk</a> se <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrakom</a> širi u obliku prostornih <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnih valova</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Anechoic_chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Anechoic_chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_izolacija" title="Zvučna izolacija">Zvučna izolacija</a>: gluha komora prigušuje zvukove s pločama za prigušenje.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/250px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/375px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg/500px-Carl_Schweninger_sen_Das_Echo_vom_Traunstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeka" title="Jeka">Jeka</a> je vraćanje emitiranih valova zbog odbijanja od neke površine, tako da reflektirani val dolazi promatraču sa zakašnjenjem u odnosu na izvorni val.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_(7_July_1999).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/250px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/375px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg/500px-FA-18_Hornet_breaking_sound_barrier_%287_July_1999%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><i>Northrop F/A-18</i> probija <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_zid" title="Zvučni zid">zvučni zid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Akustika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grč</a>. <i>ἀϰουστıϰός</i>: slušni) je grana <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizike</a> koja se bavi proučavanjem nastajanja, širenja i osjetom <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zvuk je <a href="/wiki/Osjeti" title="Osjeti">osjet</a> što ga prima ušni <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivac" title="Živac">živac</a> našeg <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uha</a>. Da se ušni živac podraži na osjet zvuka, potreban je izvor zvučne energije i sredstvo (<a href="/wiki/Medij" class="mw-disambig" title="Medij">medij</a>) koje tu <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> prenosi od izvora do našeg uha. Izvor zvuka je uvijek mehaničko <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a> nekog <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijela</a>. Kad udarimo o neki predmet, na primjer trgnemo napetu <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žicu</a>, čujemo zvuk, a taj osjet zvuka prestaje čim spriječimo da tijelo titra. Energija zvuka širi se nekim sredstvom (medijem) u obliku <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehaničkog vala</a>. To sredstvo je obično <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a>, a može biti i <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ine" title="Tekućine">tekuće</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastično</a> <a href="/wiki/Krutine" title="Krutine">čvrsto tijelo</a>. Bez sredstva u kojem se šire mehanički valovi ne možemo čuti zvuk. Prema pravilnosti titranja razlikujemo <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">šum</a> i <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buku</a>. Ton je zvuk koji se sastoji od <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmoničkih titraja</a>, dok su šum i buka smjesa titraja različitih <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a>. </p><p>Čovječje uho ne zamjećuje sve mehaničke titraje već samo one kojima <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> leži u granicama od 16 do 20 000 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a>. Titraje niske frekvencije zamjećuje uho kao dubok, a titraje visoke frekvencije kao visok ton, dok su titraji frekvencije niže od 16 a više od 20 000 Hz za naše uho nečujni. Te su granice osjetljivosti uha za frekvencije mehaničkih titraja pojedinačne, to jest različite za pojedine <a href="/wiki/Ljudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljudi">ljude</a>. Neki čuju vrlo visoke titraje, a drugi ne.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zvuk se širi u <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnim valovima</a>, ali zvuk nije dio <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Elektromagnetsko zračenje">elektromagnetskog spektra</a> kao što su to <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosni</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Radio_valovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio valovi">radio valovi</a>. Zvuk nastaje kada neka <a href="/wiki/Materija" title="Materija">materija</a> <a href="/wiki/Vibracije" title="Vibracije">vibrira</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">Frekvencija</a> tih vibracija mjeri se jedinicama koje se nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Herc" title="Herc">herci</a> (prema njemačkom fizičaru <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rudolf_Hertz" title="Heinrich Rudolf Hertz">Heinrichu Rudolfu Hertzu</a> koji je dao veliki fizikalni doprinos u <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">elektromagnetizmu</a>). Herci se označavaju oznakom Hz. Pojam <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> odnosi se na broj titraja u sekundi, a varijacije u frekvenciji zvuka proizvode njegovu visinu, odnosno zvuk visokog ili niskog tonaliteta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svojstva_zvuka">Svojstva zvuka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Svojstva zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Svojstva zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izvori_zvuka">Izvori zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izvori zvuka su <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">fizikalna tijela</a> koja <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titraju</a> <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijom</a> od 16 do 20 000 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> u nekom elastičnom sredstvu, na primjer napeta struna ili glazbena vilica u <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraku</a>. Najjednostavniji je oblik titranja izvora zvuka <a href="/wiki/Harmoni%C4%8Dko_titranje" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmoničko titranje">harmoničko titranje</a>. Harmoničko titranje stvara harmoničke <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valove</a>. Čisti <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a> nastaje ako se frekvencija titranja ne mijenja. Složeni tonovi sadrže više <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a>. Po <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fourier" title="Joseph Fourier">Fourierovu</a> teoremu složeni ton može se prikazati kao zbroj <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinusnih</a> titranja osnovnom frekvencijom <i>ν<sub>0</sub></i> i višim harmonicima frekvencije <i>n · ν<sub>0</sub></i>, (n = 1, 2, 3, ...). <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">Šum</a> je posljedica potpuno nepravilna titranja. Valovi nastali titranjem izvora frekvencijom većom od 20 kHz opisuju se kao <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvuk</a> (mogu ih čuti neke životinje, na primjer psi i šišmiši), a frekvencijom manjom od 16 Hz kao <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvuk</a> (mogu ih čuti na primjer patke i slonovi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Širenje_zvuka"><span id=".C5.A0irenje_zvuka"></span>Širenje zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Širenje zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Širenje zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a></div></i></div> <p>Brzina zvučnih valova ovisi o sredstvu kroz koje se ti valovi šire. Tako je brzina zvuka u zraku (<a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> 101,3 k<a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperature</a> 0 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a>) 331 m/s, u <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vodi</a> 1 485 m/s, a u <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklu</a> 5 500 m/s. Ako se izvor ili prijamnik zvučnih valova gibaju u odnosu na sredstvo kroz koje se valovi šire, prijamnik bilježi promjenu frekvencije (<a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_u%C4%8Dinak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopplerov učinak">Dopplerov učinak</a>). Zvučni valovi prenose energiju (<a href="/wiki/Jakost_zvuka" title="Jakost zvuka">jakost zvuka</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jakost_zvuka">Jakost zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Jakost zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jakost zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Jakost_zvuka" title="Jakost zvuka">Jakost zvuka</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Jakost zvuka</b> (oznaka <i>I</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Mjerna veličina">fizikalna mjerna veličina</a> koja opisuje <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> zvučnoga vala u vremenskom razdoblju (intervalu) kroz površinu okomitu na smjer širenja <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">vala</a>. Mjerna je jedinica <a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">vat</a> po <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cetvorni_metar" title="Četvorni metar">kvadratnom metru</a> (W/m²). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prag_%C4%8Dujnosti" title="Prag čujnosti">Prag čujnosti</a> je najmanja jakost zvuka koju ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a> može čuti: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>000</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>001</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e724479116400e08f3140f1a39b648d19a300189" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:42.927ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle I_{0}=1~\mathrm {pW/m^{2}} =0,000\,000\,000\,001~\mathrm {W/m^{2}} .}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Razina_jakosti_zvuka" title="Razina jakosti zvuka">Razina jakosti zvuka</a> (oznaka <i>L</i>) je <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Mjerna veličina">mjerna veličina</a> prilagođena osjetljivosti ljudskoga uha, deseterostruki <a href="/wiki/Logaritam" title="Logaritam">logaritam</a> omjera jakosti nekoga zvuka i praga čujnosti, odnosno: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>I</mi> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6877dc6fd32c41f2a41a39442d4b0433c59579b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:58.56ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln \!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {Np} =\log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {B} =10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {I}{I_{0}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: </p> <ul><li><i>I</i> - razina jakosti zvuka;</li> <li><i>I</i><sub>0</sub> - prag čujnosti;</li> <li>Np - <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a>;</li> <li>B - <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">bel</a>;</li> <li>dB - <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">decibel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decibel">Decibel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Decibel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Decibel"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Decibel</b> (oznaka dB) je decimalna jedinica brojčane jedinice <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">bel</a> iznimno dopuštene izvan SI (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica</a>). Decibel je jedinica razine neke fizikalne veličine (razine snage, napona, struje, jakosti zvuka i drugog). Poseban je naziv za broj jedan kada je razina (na primjer snage <i>P<sub>2</sub></i> prema snazi <i>P<sub>1</sub></i>) izračunana jednadžbom:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dcbed12d387284cb119b51ebfa8b2da4454ccf68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.856ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>10</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f8aaabe45968399c0e4c151667843c5837425624" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.78ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1\,\mathrm {dB} ={\frac {1}{10}}\,\mathrm {B} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bel">Bel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Bel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bel"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Bel_(jedinica)" title="Bel (jedinica)">Bel (jedinica)</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Bel</b> (prema <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">A. G. Bellu</a>; oznaka B) je brojčana jedinica razine određene fizikalne veličine prema odabranoj usporedbenoj vrijednosti, kada je ta razina određena dekadskim logaritmom omjera vrijednosti tih veličina. Bel je iznimno dopuštena jedinica izvan SI (<a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica</a>), povezana s jedinicom <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">neper</a> (Np) jednadžbom: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03f390d614221294cfbae098a0be1251aec0e97e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:18.242ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot \ln 10\,(\mathrm {Np} )}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Većinom se upotrebljava decimalna jedinica decibel (dB = 0,1 B). Na primjer ako je <a href="/wiki/Snaga" title="Snaga">snaga</a> nekog signala 1 <a href="/wiki/Vat" title="Vat">W</a>, a dogovorena usporedbena snaga 1 mW, tada je razina signala:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>001</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>30</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6fb463341d0ca1c3cd3bb52f57b092a4cc089781" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:54.977ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=10\cdot \log _{10}\!\left({\frac {1}{0,001}}\right)\!~\mathrm {dB} =10\cdot \log _{10}\,10^{3}\!~\mathrm {dB} =30\,\mathrm {dB} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neper">Neper</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Neper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Neper"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Neper" title="Neper">Neper</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Neper</b> (po <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">J. Napieru ili Neperu</a>; oznaka Np) je brojčana jedinica razine određene fizikalne veličine prema odabranoj usporedbenoj vrijednosti, kada je ta razina određena prirodnim logaritmom omjera vrijednosti tih veličina, pa je poseban naziv broja jedan (Np = 1). Neper je iznimno dopuštena jedinica izvan <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>. Rabi se uglavnom u <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacija" title="Telekomunikacija">elektrokomunikacijama</a> za izražavanje gušenja <a href="/wiki/Signal" class="mw-disambig" title="Signal">signala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osjet_zvuka">Osjet zvuka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Osjet zvuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osjet zvuka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/300px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/450px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/thumb/e/e3/Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png/600px-Razina_glasno%C4%87e_1.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Usporedba razine jakosti zvuka (dB) i glasnoće ili jakosti zvuka (fon) prema <a href="/wiki/Standard" title="Standard">standardu</a> ISO 226 iz 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ljudsko uho osjeća zvukom izazvanu promjenu tlaka zraka (<a href="/wiki/Akusti%C4%8Dki_tlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Akustički tlak">akustički tlak</a>). Za zvučni val frekvencije 1 k<a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> i jakosti koja odgovara <a href="/wiki/Prag_%C4%8Dujnosti" title="Prag čujnosti">pragu čujnosti</a> (<i>I<sub>0</sub></i> = 10<sup>–12</sup> W/m²), <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a> pomaka čestice iznosi oko 10<sup>–11</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">m</a>, dok je amplituda akustičkoga tlaka oko 2 · 10<sup>–5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa">Pa</a>. Za zvuk na <a href="/wiki/Granica_bola" title="Granica bola">granici bola</a> pomak je čestice 10<sup>–5</sup> m, a akustički tlak 30 Pa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">Glasnoća</a> zvuka jest osjet jakosti zvuka u ljudskom uhu. Ovisi o jakosti i frekvenciji zvuka. Razina glasnoće izražena u fonima jest, dogovorno, jednaka razini jakosti u decibelima za zvuk frekvencije 1 000 Hz u cijelom području od granice čujnosti do granice bola. Primjeri razine glasnoće različitih složenih zvukova dani su u sljedećoj tablici: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vrsta zvuka</th> <th>Razina glasnoće (<a href="/wiki/Fon_(jedinica)" title="Fon (jedinica)">fon</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>prag <a href="/wiki/Osjeti" title="Osjeti">osjeta</a></td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>šaptanje</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>tiha <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazba</a></td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>bučan govor</td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">prometna</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulica" title="Ulica">ulica</a></td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>prolazak brzog <a href="/wiki/Vlak" title="Vlak">vlaka</a></td> <td>100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Motor" title="Motor">motor</a> <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplova</a></td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <td>prag <a href="/wiki/Bol_(osje%C4%87aj)" title="Bol (osjećaj)">bola</a></td> <td>130 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osnovni_pojmovi">Osnovni pojmovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Osnovni pojmovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnovni pojmovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titraj">Titraj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Titraj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Titraj"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">Titranje</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Titraj</b> je najjednostavnije mehaničko <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanje</a> elastičnog <a href="/wiki/Tijelo" class="mw-disambig" title="Tijelo">tijela</a> od <a href="/wiki/To%C4%8Dka" class="mw-disambig" title="Točka">točke</a> mirovanja do lijeve i desne strane. Raspon od krajnje lijeve do krajnje desne točke tog gibanja zove se <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a>. Pričvrstimo li malu olovnu kuglicu na tanku nit i otklonimo je za izvjestan <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">kut</a> od njenog ravnotežnog položaja, onda ta kuglica na niti vrlo male težine predstavlja matematičko <a href="/wiki/Njihalo" title="Njihalo">njihalo</a>. Kuglica se neće zaustaviti u svom ravnotežnom položaju već će oko njega titrati ili <a href="/wiki/Oscilacije" title="Oscilacije">oscilirati</a>. Put njihala između krajnjih točaka zove se jedan titraj, a vrijeme koje je potrebno da njihalo učini jedan titraj zove se period ili vrijeme titraja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ton">Ton</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Ton" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ton"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Ton</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Grčki jezik">grčki</a> <i>τόνος</i>: napetost; glas; boja) je složeni zvuk koji nastaje pravilnim i periodičnim <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zraka</a>, a parcijalni su mu tonovi u maksimalno <a href="/wiki/Harmonijsko_titranje" title="Harmonijsko titranje">harmoničnom odnosu</a>, te mu se stoga precizno može odrediti takozvana tonska visina. Ton se, za razliku od zvuka u užem smislu riječi (čiji su parcijalni tonovi u manje harmoničnom odnosu, a visina manje jednoznačna), tradicionalno drži osnovnim elementom <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazbe</a>. Ton ima četiri bitna obilježja: visinu, trajanje, intenzitet i boju: </p> <ul><li>visinu određuje <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> titranja izvora tona, što se u europskoj umjetničkoj glazbi smatra primarnim obilježjem tona. Naznačuje ju se položajem <a href="/wiki/Note" title="Note">note</a>, kao znaka za ton u notnom crtovlju;</li> <li>trajanje tona ovisi o vremenu titranja, a u notaciji ga se regulira sustavom notnih vrijednosti;</li> <li>intenzitet ili glasnoća tona ovisi o <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplitudi</a> titranja te ga se označuje ponešto neodređenim oznakama za dinamiku;</li> <li>boja je rezultat međudjelovanja različitih obilježja tona (ponajviše odnosa parcijalnih tonova), a uvelike ovisi i o konkretnim okolnostima proizvodnje tona. Budući da je usko vezana za <a href="/wiki/Materijal" title="Materijal">materijal</a> i građu <a href="/wiki/Glazbala" title="Glazbala">glazbenog instrumenta</a>, boja tona ovisi o raznolikosti načina njegove proizvodnje na pojedinom instrumentu, uporabi velikoga broja različitih instrumenata te vještini njihova kombiniranja u veće sastave (takozvana instrumentacija).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zvuk">Zvuk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Zvuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zvuk"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">Zvuk</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Zvuk</b> je <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_valovi" title="Mehanički valovi">mehanički val</a> <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencija</a> od 16 <a href="/wiki/Hz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hz">Hz</a> do 20 kHz, to jest u rasponu u kojem ga čuje ljudsko <a href="/wiki/Uho" title="Uho">uho</a>. Zvuk frekvencije niže od 16 Hz naziva se <a href="/wiki/Infrazvuk" title="Infrazvuk">infrazvukom</a>, zvuk frekvencije više od 20 kHz <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvuk" title="Ultrazvuk">ultrazvukom</a>, a ako je frekvencija viša od 1 GHz, <a href="/wiki/Hiperzvuk" title="Hiperzvuk">hiperzvukom</a>. Zvuk nastaje više ili manje <a href="/wiki/Period" title="Period">periodičnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranjem</a> izvora zvuka koji u neposrednoj okolici mijenja <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlak</a> sredstva (<a href="/wiki/Medij" class="mw-disambig" title="Medij">medija</a>), poremećaj tlaka prenosi se na susjedne <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestice</a> medija i tako se širi u obliku uglavnom <a href="/wiki/Longitudinalan_val" title="Longitudinalan val">longitudinalnih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kapljevina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapljevina">kapljevinama</a> i longitudinalnih i <a href="/wiki/Transverzalni_val" title="Transverzalni val">transverzalnih valova</a> u <a href="/wiki/Krutina" class="mw-redirect" title="Krutina">krutinama</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brzina_zvuka" title="Brzina zvuka">Brzina zvuka</a> uglavnom ovisi o <a href="/wiki/Gusto%C4%87a" title="Gustoća">gustoći</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elasti%C4%8Dnost" title="Elastičnost">elastičnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">silama</a> u krutinama i kapljevinama a u plinovima o gustoći, <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperaturi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaku</a>. Osim u uobičajenim <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_jedinica" title="Mjerna jedinica">mjernim jedinicama</a> <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metar_u_sekundi" title="Metar u sekundi">m/s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilometar_na_sat" title="Kilometar na sat">km/h</a>), mjeri se i nenormiranom jedinicom <a href="/wiki/Mach" title="Mach">mah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Machov_broj" class="mw-redirect" title="Machov broj">machov broj</a>). Kada <a href="/wiki/Zrakoplov" title="Zrakoplov">zrakoplov</a> dosegne brzinu zvuka (oko 343 m/s), tlak se neposredno pred zrakoplovom poremeti, <a href="/wiki/Otpor_sredstva" title="Otpor sredstva">otpor</a> znatno poraste, pa nastaju udarni valovi, koje promatrači na tlu doživljavaju kao prasak (takozvano probijanje <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dni_zid" title="Zvučni zid">zvučnoga zida</a>). </p><p>Zvuk se širi bez prijenosa <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">mase</a>, ali se zvukom prenose <a href="/wiki/Impuls_sile" title="Impuls sile">impuls sile</a> i <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a>. U svezi s tim, definiraju se <a href="/wiki/Jakost_zvuka" title="Jakost zvuka">jakost</a>, razina jakosti, <a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">glasnoća</a> i razina glasnoće zvuka (akustika). Kao i u ostalim vrstama valova, i u širenju zvuka očituju se pojave svojstvene svakom <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valnom</a> gibanju, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Apsorpcija_(razdvojba)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Apsorpcija (razdvojba)">apsorpcija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dopplerov_u%C4%8Dinak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopplerov učinak">Dopplerov učinak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interferencija_valova" title="Interferencija valova">interferencija valova</a>, lom (<a href="/wiki/Refrakcija" title="Refrakcija">refrakcija</a>), odbijanje (<a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">refleksija</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ogib" title="Ogib">ogib</a> (<a href="/wiki/Difrakcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Difrakcija">difrakcija</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Šum"><span id=".C5.A0um"></span>Šum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Šum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Šum"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0um" title="Šum">Šum</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Šum</b> je skup različitih zvučnih i nadzvučnih <a href="/wiki/Val" title="Val">valova</a> izazvanih <a href="/wiki/Vibracije" title="Vibracije">vibracijama</a> u nekom sredstvu (na primjer zraku) s kontinuiranim, vremenski nestalnim spektrom. Amplitude, faze i frekvencije tih vibracija ne stoje ni u kakvu pravilnom (harmoničnom) međusobnom odnosu. Šum je svugdje prisutan, a stvaraju ga <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strojevi" title="Strojevi">strojevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promet" title="Promet">promet</a> i slično. Jak šum naziva se <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">bukom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glas">Glas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Glas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glas"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">Glas</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Glas</b> je zvuk proizveden ljudskim ili životinjskim <a href="/wiki/Grlo" title="Grlo">grlom</a>, to jest glasovnim, fonacijskim organom (<a href="/wiki/Grkljan" title="Grkljan">grkljan</a>). Katkad je glas sinonim za šum, topot, prasak, tutanj i slično (glas topa, grmljavine). U ljudskom glasanju sudjeluju, osim grkljana, organi <a href="/wiki/Di%C5%A1ni_sustav" title="Dišni sustav">dišnog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ljudska_probava" title="Ljudska probava">probavnog sustava</a>. Prema načinu kako proizvodi glas, ljudsko je grlo srodno <a href="/wiki/Puha%C4%8Dka_glazbala" title="Puhačka glazbala">puhaćim instrumentima</a>: struja zraka istisnuta iz <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> uzrokuje treperenje (<a href="/wiki/Titranje" title="Titranje">titranje</a>) glasnica, a <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDdrijelo" title="Ždrijelo">ždrijelo</a> i <a href="/wiki/Usna_%C5%A1upljina" class="mw-redirect" title="Usna šupljina">usna šupljina</a> imaju funkciju <a href="/wiki/Rezonator" class="mw-disambig" title="Rezonator">rezonatora</a>. Osnovne su značajke glasa: jačina, visina i boja. Ovisno o brzini titranja glasnica, nastaju jači ili tiši zvukovi, a ovisno o njihovoj napetosti i duljini, viši ili niži tonovi.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atmosferska_akustika">Atmosferska akustika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Atmosferska akustika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Atmosferska akustika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:SDIM0241b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SDIM0241b.jpg/250px-SDIM0241b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SDIM0241b.jpg/375px-SDIM0241b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/SDIM0241b.jpg/500px-SDIM0241b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rayleighovo_raspr%C5%A1enje" title="Rayleighovo raspršenje">Rayleighovo raspršenje</a> uzrokuje plavu nijansu neba u toku dana, i crvenu boju Sunca kod zalaska.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Atmosferska akustika</b> je grana <a href="/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija">meteorologije</a> koja se bavi proučavanjem širenja valova zvuka ovisno o stanju <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfere</a> te utvrđuje apsorpciju, raspršivanje i refleksiju zvuka, a to se osobito očituje kod jakih <a href="/wiki/Temperaturna_inverzija" title="Temperaturna inverzija">inverzija temperature</a>. Istraživanjem putanje valova zvuka u višim slojevima atmosfere izvode se zaključci o okomitom rasporedu i fizikalnim svojstvima atmosfere, osobito o temperaturi i molekularnom sastavu atmosfere (akustička sondaža). U atmosfersku akustiku ubraja se i proučavanje zvuka meteorološkog podrijetla, na primjer grmljenje (ne grmljavina) i različitih zvukova što ih proizvodi <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Građevna_akustika"><span id="Gra.C4.91evna_akustika"></span>Građevna akustika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Građevna akustika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Građevna akustika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/250px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/375px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg/500px-Rockwool_4lbs_per_ft3_fibrex5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mineralna_vuna" title="Mineralna vuna">Mineralna vuna</a> je dobar zvučni izolator.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Građevna akustika</b> bavi se zaštitom od <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buke</a> i sprječavanjem <a href="/wiki/Vibracije" title="Vibracije">vibracija</a> koje uzrokuju zvukove. Neka je pregrada to bolji izolator od buke što joj je gustoća veća. Rupe i otvori u pregradi smanjuju njezinu sposobnost gušenja zvuka. Višestrukom pregradom povećava se zvučno gušenje na višim <a href="/wiki/Frekvencija" title="Frekvencija">frekvencijama</a>. U pogledu <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_izolacija" title="Zvučna izolacija">zvučne izolacije</a> najslabija su mjesta vrata i prozori, i to zbog njihove lagane konstrukcije. Zaštita od zvukova uzrokovanih vibracijama ili potresanjem postiže se stavljanjem objekta koji je izvor vibracija, ili koji bi mogao prenositi vibracije, na elastične podloške od pluta, gume ili na opruge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zvučna_izolacija"><span id="Zvu.C4.8Dna_izolacija"></span>Zvučna izolacija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Zvučna izolacija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zvučna izolacija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_izolacija" title="Zvučna izolacija">Zvučna izolacija</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Zvučna izolacija</b> je svojstvo <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%91evine" title="Građevine">građevinske</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstrukcije" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstrukcije">konstrukcije</a> da u što većoj mjeri spriječi prenošenje <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvučne energije</a> iz jednog <a href="/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor">prostora</a> u drugi. Zvučna izolacija se dijeli na: </p> <ul><li>zvučnu izolaciju od udarne <a href="/wiki/Buka" title="Buka">buke</a> (prenosi se konstrukcijom ili krutim medijem) i</li> <li>zvučnu izolaciju od prostorne buke (prenosi se <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrakom</a> putem zračnih valova).</li></ul> <p>S obzirom na to da nije moguće izolirati sve izvore buke, a nije prirodno da se zaštitimo od primanja svih <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvukova</a>, moramo pronaći način da spriječimo dolazak samo neusklađenih i složenih zvučnih valova. Metoda koja se najčešće rabi za određivanje zvučne izolacije je <b>zvučna izolacijska moć</b> <i>R<sub>w</sub></i>, a brojčano se izražava u <a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">decibelima</a> (dB). Pri tome je važno upamtiti da zvučna izolacijska moć <i>R<sub>w</sub></i> za neki <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%91evinski_materijal" title="Građevinski materijal">materijal</a> iskazan u dB ne pokazuje koliko buke taj materijal propušta, već iskazuje za koliko dB on smanjuje njezinu razinu. To znači da vanjsku ulaznu buku od 110 dB jednostruko <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklo</a> d = 4 <a href="/wiki/Metar" title="Metar">mm</a> (R<sub>w</sub> = 30 dB) smanjuje za 30 dB i u prostor nam ulazi buka od 80 dB.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prostorna_akustika">Prostorna akustika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Prostorna akustika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Prostorna akustika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Prostorna_akustika" title="Prostorna akustika">Prostorna akustika</a></div></i></div> <p><b>Prostorna akustika</b> bavi se problemom <i>dobra i ugodna slušanja</i> u <a href="/wiki/Prostorija" title="Prostorija">prostorijama</a>. Bitan čimbenik koji određuje akustička svojstva neke prostorije jest trajanje odjeka. Odjek je rezultanta mnogobrojnih odbijanja (<a href="/wiki/Refleksija" title="Refleksija">refleksija</a>) zvučnih valova od ploha u prostoriji, pri čemu se nakon svakog odbijanja <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energija</a> zvučnih valova smanjuje. U predavaonicama odjek je koristan zato što povećava <a href="/wiki/Glasno%C4%87a" title="Glasnoća">glasnoću</a> na udaljenijim mjestima i time pridonosi većoj razumljivosti <a href="/wiki/Govor" title="Govor">govora</a>. Predug odjek smeta razumljivosti govora, jer uzrokuje preklapanje izgovorenih slogova, onoga sloga koji se upravo sluša s prethodnim, koji zbog preduga odjeka još uvijek traje. U dvoranama za glazbene priredbe trajanje odjeka treba biti prilagođeno vrsti glazbe. Općenito, za <a href="/wiki/Glazba" title="Glazba">glazbu</a> bržega ritma trajanje odjeka treba biti kraće, a slušanje simfonijske i crkvene glazbe ugodnije je u dvoranama s duljim odjekom. Trajanje odjeka smanjuje se uporabom apsorpcijskih materijala (na primjer <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstila</a>, mineralne vune) i s pomoću apsorpcijskih konstrukcija (<a href="/wiki/Rezonator" class="mw-disambig" title="Rezonator">rezonatora</a>). Na razdiobu jačine (intenziteta) zvuka po prostoriji djeluje osim odjeka još i oblik prostorije. Treba izbjegavati nepovoljno smještene konkavne plohe, koje usredotočuju zvuk u <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDari%C5%A1te" title="Žarište">žarištu</a> i time posebno povećavaju glasnoću na tim mjestima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=1265">akustika</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=akustika&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D1265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=69160">jakost zvuka</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=jakost+zvuka&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D69160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=14135">decibel</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=decibel&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D14135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=6672">bel</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. 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Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=ton&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D61734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=59999">šum</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=%C5%A1um&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D59999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=22176">glas</a>. <i>Hrvatska enciklopedija</i>. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hrvatska+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=glas&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enciklopedija.hr%2FNatuknica.aspx%3FID%3D22176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3AAkustika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.novolit.si/hr/apsorpcija-zvuka/razlika-izmedu-zvucne-izolacije-izolacije-od-udarnog-zvuka.html">[1]</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111225084733/http://www.novolit.si/hr/apsorpcija-zvuka/razlika-izmedu-zvucne-izolacije-izolacije-od-udarnog-zvuka.html">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 25. prosinca 2011. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) "Razlika između zvučne izolacije, izolacije od udarnog zvuka ", www.novolit.si, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="padding:3px"><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:2em; font-family:serif; font-size:180%; padding-right:3px; letter-spacing:-0.1em; background:#f0e0b0">HE</div><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; font-size:82%; padding-left:3px">Dio sadržaja ove stranice preuzet je iz mrežnog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija_(LZMK)" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija (LZMK)">Hrvatske enciklopedije</a> i nije slobodan za daljnju upotrebu pod uvjetima Wikipedijine licencije o sadržaju. Uvjete upotrebe uz <a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Dopu%C5%A1tenja_za_kori%C5%A1tenje_sadr%C5%BEaja/Ustanove#Leksikografski_zavod_"Miroslav_Krleža"" title="Wikipedija:Dopuštenja za korištenje sadržaja/Ustanove">dano nam pojašnjenje</a> pogledajte na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Upute/">stranici Leksikografskog zavoda</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sestrinski_projekti">Sestrinski projekti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odlomak: Sestrinski projekti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sestrinski projekti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:100%; margin-left:calc(0.8em - 5px);"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td><td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica">Zajednički poslužitelj</a> ima još gradiva o temi <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Acoustics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Acoustics">akustika</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mrežna_mjesta"><span id="Mre.C5.BEna_mjesta"></span>Mrežna mjesta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odlomak: Mrežna mjesta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akustika&action=edit&section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mrežna mjesta"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kolegij.fizika.unios.hr/of3/files/2011/11/02-Akustika.pdf">www.kolegij.fizika.unios.hr – Akustika</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912134240/http://kolegij.fizika.unios.hr/of3/files/2011/11/02-Akustika.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 12. rujna 2014. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrbi.hr/index.php/akustika">www.hrbi.hr Brodarski institut – Akustika</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160912115658/http://www.hrbi.hr/index.php/akustika">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 12. rujna 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/AP_D5_Simulacija_akustickih_svojstava_prostora.pdf">www.fer.unizg.hr – Akustika prostora</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911021526/https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/AP_D5_Simulacija_akustickih_svojstava_prostora.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 11. rujna 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/VJEZBA_5_-_Akustika_prostorija.pdf">www.fer.unizg.hr – Akustika prostorija</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911021521/https://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/VJEZBA_5_-_Akustika_prostorija.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 11. rujna 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiologs.com/ozrenbilan/akustic.htm">www.audiologs.com – Akustika prostorija</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-gfos.gfos.hr/index.php/arhiva/broj-1/poboljsanje-akustike-prostorija-apsorpcijskim-materijalima-i-elementima">Elektronički časopis Građevinskog fakulteta Osijek: Poboljšanje akustike prostorija apsorpcijskim materijalima i elementima</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Op%C4%87e_grane_u_fizici" title="Predložak:Opće grane u fizici"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Op%C4%87e_grane_u_fizici&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">opće grane u <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizici</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">akustika</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrofizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrofizika (stranica ne postoji)">agrofizika</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizika_tla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizika tla (stranica ne postoji)">fizika tla</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Astrofizika" title="Astrofizika">astrofizika</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atmosferska_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atmosferska fizika (stranica ne postoji)">atmosferska fizika</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomska,_nuklearna_i_opti%C4%8Dka_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomska, nuklearna i optička fizika (stranica ne postoji)">atomska, nuklearna i optička fizika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Biofizika" title="Biofizika">biofizika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Medicinska_fizika" title="Medicinska fizika">medicinska fizika</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurofizika (stranica ne postoji)">neurofizika</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemijska_fizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemijska fizika (stranica ne postoji)">kemijska fizika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fizika_kondenzirane_tvari" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizika kondenzirane tvari">fizika kondenzirane tvari</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonofizika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonofizika (stranica ne postoji)">ekonofizika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetizam" title="Elektromagnetizam">elektromagnetizam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mehanika" title="Mehanika">mehanika</a> (<a href="/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika">klasična</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_mehanika" title="Kvantna mehanika">kvantna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mehanika_fluida" title="Mehanika fluida">mehanika fluida</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optomehanika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optomehanika (stranica ne postoji)">optomehanika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fizika" title="Nuklearna fizika">nuklearna fizika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fizika_elementarnih_%C4%8Destica" title="Fizika elementarnih čestica">fizika elementarnih čestica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kvantna_teorija_polja" title="Kvantna teorija polja">kvantna teorija polja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Teorija_relativnosti" title="Teorija relativnosti">teorija relativnosti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Posebna_teorija_relativnosti" title="Posebna teorija relativnosti">posebna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Op%C4%87a_teorija_relativnosti" title="Opća teorija relativnosti">opća</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akustika&oldid=6908435">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akustika&oldid=6908435</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Sadr%C5%BEaj_preuzet_iz_Hrvatske_enciklopedije" title="Kategorija:Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije">Sadržaj preuzet iz Hrvatske enciklopedije</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Akustika" title="Kategorija:Akustika">Akustika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Glazbena_teorija" title="Kategorija:Glazbena teorija">Glazbena teorija</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 11. travnja 2024. u 03:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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