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decoding=\"async\" width=\"26\" height=\"26\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Treffpunkt.svg/60px-Treffpunkt.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOtvoren je \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Zahtjev_za_komentare/Nazivi_%C4%8Dlanaka\" title=\"Wikipedija:Zahtjev za komentare/Nazivi članaka\"\u003E\u003Cb\u003EZahtjev za komentare o nazivima članaka\u003C/b\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pojam_topline_i_temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pojam_topline_i_temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pojam topline i temperature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pojam_topline_i_temperature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Pojam topline i temperature</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pojam_topline_i_temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definicija_temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definicija_temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Definicija temperature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definicija_temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apsolutna_termodinamička_temperatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apsolutna_termodinamička_temperatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Apsolutna termodinamička temperatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apsolutna_termodinamička_temperatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerne_jedinice_temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerne_jedinice_temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mjerne jedinice temperature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerne_jedinice_temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerni_instrumenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mjerni instrumenti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Mjerni instrumenti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mjerni_instrumenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mjerenje_temperature_pojedinačnim_očitavanjem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerenje_temperature_pojedinačnim_očitavanjem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mjerenje temperature pojedinačnim očitavanjem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerenje_temperature_pojedinačnim_očitavanjem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerenje_neprekidnim_bilježenjem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerenje_neprekidnim_bilježenjem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mjerenje neprekidnim bilježenjem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerenje_neprekidnim_bilježenjem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperatura_tijela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperatura_tijela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Temperatura tijela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperatura_tijela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperatura_zraka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperatura_zraka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Temperatura zraka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperatura_zraka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Sadržaj" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Temperatura</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 149 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="درجة حرارة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درجة حرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83)" title="حرارة (طيرموديناميك) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حرارة (طيرموديناميك)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="উষ্ণতা – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উষ্ণতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="حرارت درجه‌سی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حرارت درجه‌سی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatua" title="Temperatua – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Temperatua" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тэмпература – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэмпература" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тэмпэратура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэмпэратура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="তাপমাত্রা – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপমাত্রা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B" title="དྲོད་ཚད་ – tibetski" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དྲོད་ཚད་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwrezverk" title="Gwrezverk – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwrezverk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="پلەی گەرمی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلەی گەرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teplota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymheredd" title="Tymheredd – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tymheredd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θερμοκρασία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμοκρασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperatura" title="Tenperatura – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tenperatura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="دما – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tila" title="Lämpötila – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämpötila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mmid%C3%BCs" title="Lämmidüs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lämmidüs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakata_(vakayago_iwiliwili)" title="Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili) – fidžijski" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Katakata (vakayago iwiliwili)" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidžijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature" title="Température – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Température" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempratuur" title="Tempratuur – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tempratuur" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuer" title="Temperatuer – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Temperatuer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teocht" title="Teocht – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanp%C3%A9ratir" title="Tanpératir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tanpératir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%C3%B2thachd" title="Teòthachd – škotski gaelski" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Teòthachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotski gaelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27epytu" title="Mba'epytu – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'epytu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તાપમાન – gudžaratski" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાપમાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="טמפרטורה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טמפרטורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmi" title="Garmi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Garmi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanperati" title="Tanperati – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tanperati" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91m%C3%A9rs%C3%A9klet" title="Hőmérséklet – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hőmérséklet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ջերմաստիճան – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմաստիճան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturo" title="Temperaturo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiti" title="Hiti – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hiti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="温度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempicha" title="Tempicha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Tempicha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტემპერატურა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტემპერატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93%C9%A3elt" title="Taẓɣelt – kabilski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓɣelt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ತಾಪಮಾನ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಪಮಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="온도 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="حَرارَتھ – kašmirski" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="حَرارَتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germah%C3%AE_(fiz%C3%AEk)" title="Germahî (fizîk) – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Germahî (fizîk)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_thermodynamica" title="Temperatura thermodynamica – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Temperatura thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperat%C5%ABra" title="Temperatūra – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari-pana" title="Mari-pana – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mari-pana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8A%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഊഷ്മാവ് – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഊഷ്മാവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Температур – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Температур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तापमान – marathski" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तापमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အပူချိန် – burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပူချိန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperetuur" title="Temperetuur – donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Temperetuur" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="तापक्रम – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तापक्रम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuur" title="Temperatuur – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoo%27iyyaa" title="Hoo'iyyaa – oromski" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Hoo'iyyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਾਪਮਾਨ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਪਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%B1" title="ٹمپریچر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹمپریچر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%90_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87" title="د تودوخې درجه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د تودوخې درجه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27u%C3%B1i_kay" title="Q'uñi kay – kečuanski" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'uñi kay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Temperatură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushyuhe" title="Ubushyuhe – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushyuhe" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperadura" title="Temperadura – sardski" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Temperadura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpiratura" title="Timpiratura – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Timpiratura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%AA%D8%B3)" title="گرمي پد (فزڪس) – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گرمي پد (فزڪس)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tir%C9%A3i" title="Tirɣi – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tirɣi" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA" title="උෂ්ණත්වය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උෂ්ණත්වය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Temperature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teplota" title="Teplota – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teplota" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujoto" title="Hujoto – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Hujoto" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heerkul" title="Heerkul – somalski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Heerkul" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu – sundanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Suhu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halijoto" title="Halijoto – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Halijoto" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="வெப்பநிலை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4" title="ఉష్ణోగ్రత – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణోగ్రత" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="อุณหภูมิ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหภูมิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Sıcaklık – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıcaklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%81_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="درجہ حرارت – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="درجہ حرارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harorat" title="Harorat – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harorat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperadura" title="Tenperadura – venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tenperadura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4muz" title="Lämuz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lämuz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99" title="Nhiệt độ – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fif" title="Fif – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fif" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timperateure" title="Timperateure – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Timperateure" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Temperatura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="温度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура – kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Температура" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="טעמפעראטור – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעמפעראטור" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dohraeuj" title="Dohraeuj – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dohraeuj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="温度 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="温度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="溫度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Un-tō͘ – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Un-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="溫度 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="溫度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11466#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Temperatura" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Temperatura"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Temperatura"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Temperatura" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Temperatura" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&oldid=7032906" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Temperatura&id=7032906&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTemperatura"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTemperatura"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Temperatura"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Temperatura&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Temperature" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11466" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Translational_motion.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Translational_motion.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="263" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Temperatura <a href="/wiki/Idealni_plin" title="Idealni plin">idealnog plina</a> je mjera prosječne <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičke energije</a> <a href="/wiki/Molekula" title="Molekula">molekula</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Thermally_Agitated_Molecule.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Thermally_Agitated_Molecule.gif" decoding="async" width="280" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Toplinske <a href="/wiki/Vibracije" title="Vibracije">vibracije</a> dijelova <a href="/wiki/Bjelan%C4%8Devine" title="Bjelančevine">bjelančevine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amplituda" title="Amplituda">amplituda</a> vibracija raste s temperaturom.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg/300px-Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg/450px-Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg/600px-Annual_Average_Temperature_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="849" /></a><figcaption>Prosječne godišnje temperature na <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/300px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/450px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/600px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a><figcaption>Prosječna temperatura površine <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> je oko 288 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (14 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg/300px-Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg/450px-Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg/600px-Solar_eclips_1999_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="3600" /></a><figcaption>Temperatura Sunčeve površine (<a href="/wiki/Fotosfera" title="Fotosfera">fotosfera</a>) je 5 778 K (5 505 <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">°C</a>).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Galileo_Thermometer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Galileo_Thermometer.jpg/90px-Galileo_Thermometer.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Galileo_Thermometer.jpg/135px-Galileo_Thermometer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Galileo_Thermometer.jpg/180px-Galileo_Thermometer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="2296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilejev</a> <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Temperatura</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>.: zagrijanost, toplina; oznaka <i>t,</i> <i>T</i>, <i>τ</i> ili <i>θ</i>) je jedna od osnovnih <a href="/wiki/Fizikalna_veli%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizikalna veličina">fizikalnih veličina</a> u <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodni_sustav_mjernih_jedinica" title="Međunarodni sustav mjernih jedinica">Međunarodnom sustavu jedinica</a>, koja opisuje toplinsko stanje i sposobnost <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijela</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Tvar" title="Tvar">tvari</a> da <a href="/wiki/Prijenos_topline" title="Prijenos topline">izmjenjuju toplinu</a> s <a href="/wiki/Okolina" class="mw-disambig" title="Okolina">okolinom</a>. Ona ovisi o tome koliko <a href="/wiki/Unutarnja_energija" title="Unutarnja energija">unutarnje energije</a> sadrži neko tijelo određene <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">mase</a> i <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a>. Temperatura ne može prelaziti s tijela na tijelo, nego prelazi <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">toplina</a>, a temperature se izjednačavaju. </p><p>Temperatura je mjera zagrijanosti tijela, a proporcionalna je <b>unutarnjoj kinetičkoj energiji.</b> </p><p><b>Empirijska temperatura</b> (oznaka <i>t</i>) određuje se promjenom nekih svojstava (na primjer duljine <a href="/wiki/Milimetar_%C5%BEivina_stupca" title="Milimetar živina stupca">stupca žive</a> u <a href="/wiki/Staklo" title="Staklo">staklenoj</a> <a href="/wiki/Cijev" title="Cijev">cijevi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volumen" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumen">volumena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_vodljivost" title="Električna vodljivost">električne vodljivosti</a>) <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometrijskoga</a> tijela. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%8Dka_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamička temperatura">Termodinamička temperatura</a> (oznaka <i>T</i>) određuje se osnovnim zakonima <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamike</a>. Mjerna jedinica termodinamičke temperature jest <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> (K). Za mjerenje temperaturnih intervala (<i>T<sub>2</sub></i> – <i>T<sub>1</sub></i>) može se koristiti mjerna jedinica Celzijev stupanj (°C) pri čem je <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">Celsiusova temperatura</a>: <i>t</i> = (<i>T</i> – 273,15 K). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsolutna temperatura">Apsolutna temperatura</a> određuje se polazeći od najniže moguće temperature u prirodi, takozvane <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_nula" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsolutna nula">apsolutne nule</a> temperature, tako da se nekoj referentnoj temperaturi, koja se može točno određivati, dogovorom propiše određena vrijednost.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pojam_topline_i_temperature">Pojam topline i temperature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Pojam topline i temperature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pojam topline i temperature"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ako stavimo ruku u posudu s vrućom vodom i držimo je nekoliko sekundi, a zatim je stavimo u posudu s toplom vodom, učinit će nam se kao da je ta <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">voda</a> hladna. Stavimo li ruku u hladnu vodu i držimo li je nekoliko sekundi, a onda je uronimo u onu toplu vodu, imat ćemo osjet kao da smo je stavili u vruću vodu. Odatle vidimo da <a href="/wiki/Osjeti" title="Osjeti">čovječji osjet</a> nije mjerodavan za prosuđivanje stanja nekoga <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">fizikalnog tijela</a>, to jest njegove temperature. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">Toplina</a> i temperatura nisu jedno te isto. To najbolje možemo uočiti iz jednog primjera. U dvije po veličini različite prostorije ložimo <a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%87" title="Peć">peć</a> iste veličine tako da trošimo istu količinu <a href="/wiki/Goriva" title="Goriva">goriva</a> na sat; vidjet ćemo da će temperature <a href="/wiki/Prostorija" title="Prostorija">prostorija</a> biti različite. Veća prostorija imat će manju temperaturu, a manja veću, iako je svaka prostorija, to jest <a href="/wiki/Zrak" title="Zrak">zrak</a> u prostoriji, primio istu količinu topline <a href="/wiki/Gorenje" title="Gorenje">izgaranjem</a> jednake količine goriva. Dva fizikalna tijela mogu imati istu količinu topline, a različitu temperaturu. Da bi veća prostorija imala istu temperaturu kao manja, morali bismo većoj dati veću količinu topline, to jest morali bismo potrošiti veću količinu goriva. Odatle vidimo da dva fizikalna tijela mogu imati istu temperaturu, ali različitu količinu topline. </p><p>Međutim, što je toplina? Na to pitanje odgovara <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_teorija_plinova" title="Kinetička teorija plinova">molekularno-kinetička teorija topline</a>. <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">Molekule</a> u tijelima ne miruju, nego se nalaze u stalnom <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanju</a>, čija <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzina</a> može biti veća ili manja. <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%A1enje" title="Bušenje">Bušenjem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glodalica" title="Glodalica">glodanjem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokarenje" title="Tokarenje">tokarenjem</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rezanje" title="Rezanje">rezanjem</a> pomoću <a href="/wiki/Alatni_stroj" title="Alatni stroj">alatnih strojeva</a>, kao i kod svake <a href="/wiki/Strojna_obrada" title="Strojna obrada">obrade materijala</a> <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alatom</a>, stvara se toplina. Toplina nastaje na osnovu utrošenog <a href="/wiki/Rad_(fizika)" title="Rad (fizika)">mehaničkog rada</a>, a i na račun <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičke energije</a>. Udarom <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ceki%C4%87" title="Čekić">čekića</a>, koji ima kinetičku energiju, o <a href="/wiki/Nakovanj_(razdvojba)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nakovanj (razdvojba)">nakovanj</a> stvara se toplina. Tu se kinetička energija ne pretvara samo u toplinu nego i u <a href="/wiki/Energija_zvuka" title="Energija zvuka">energiju zvuka</a> i u mehanički rad potreban za <a href="/wiki/Deformacija" title="Deformacija">deformaciju</a> tijela. Pri <a href="/wiki/Sraz" title="Sraz">sudaru</a> dvaju tijela prenosi se gibanje, to jest kinetička energija s jednog tijela na drugo. To ne vrijedi samo za velika tijela nego i za sitne čestice, to jest molekule. Kinetička energija čekića pretvara se u kinetičku energiju molekula, to jest u njihovo nevidljivo <a href="/wiki/Gibanje" title="Gibanje">gibanje</a>. Toplina je, dakle, kinetička energija molekularnog gibanja. </p><p>Što tijelo više <a href="/wiki/Grijanje" title="Grijanje">grijemo</a>, molekule se sve brže gibaju i imaju sve veću kinetičku energiju. Zbog toga se molekule međusobno udaljavaju, pa kruto tijelo taljenjem prelazi u tekuće <a href="/wiki/Agregatna_stanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Agregatna stanja">agregatno stanje</a>. <a href="/wiki/Teku%C4%87ine" title="Tekućine">Tekuće tijelo</a> zagrijavanjem prelazi u <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plinovito</a> agregatno stanje. Molekule vode daljim zagrijavanjem kod <a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">vrelišta</a> odlaze u zrak. <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">Voda</a> prelazi u <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodenu paru</a>. <a href="/wiki/Para" title="Para">Para</a> ima toliku kinetičku energiju da tjera <a href="/wiki/Parni_stroj" title="Parni stroj">parni stroj</a>. Koliki je stupanj toga molekularnog gibanja, kazuje temperatura. Temperatura je, dakle, stupanj toplinskog stanja tijela i o njoj ovisi agregatno stanje tijela. </p><p>Onaj dio nauke o toplini koji se bavi toplinom kao jednim oblikom energije i proučava pretvaranje toplinske energije u mehaničku radnju zove se <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a>. Budući da je to pretvaranje naročito važno kod plinova, to se termodinamika bavi u prvom redu toplinskim promjenama kod plinova.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definicija_temperature">Definicija temperature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Definicija temperature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Definicija temperature"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pojam temperature može se odrediti na više načina. Osjećamo kada je neko tijelo toplije ili hladnije od našeg tijela, a uočavamo i fizikalne promjene <a href="/wiki/Obujam" title="Obujam">obujma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlak" title="Tlak">tlaka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Agregatno_stanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Agregatno stanje">agregatnog stanja</a> koje pri tome nastaju. Na temelju toga određene su iskustvene <a href="/wiki/Temperaturna_ljestvica" title="Temperaturna ljestvica">temperaturne ljestvice</a> kao što su <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">Celzijeva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheitova</a> koje se i danas koriste u većini primjena. Za njih je svojstveno postojanje negativnih vrijednosti temperatura, jer je ishodište ljestvice utvrđeno proizvoljno. U <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizici</a>, a posebno <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamici</a>, temperatura se određuje tako da je ishodište temperaturne ljestvice utvrđeno na temelju fizikalnih načela (<a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_nula" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsolutna nula">apsolutna nula</a>). Tako određena temperatura se formalno naziva <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsolutna temperatura">apsolutna temperatura</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%8Dka_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamička temperatura">termodinamička temperatura</a>. </p><p>U okviru <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_teorija_plinova" title="Kinetička teorija plinova">kinetičke teorija plinova</a> apsolutna se temperatura određuje pri razmatranju monoatomnog <a href="/wiki/Idealni_plin" title="Idealni plin">idealnog plina</a>. U takvom plinu, koji se nalazi u |termodinamičkoj ravnoteži, srednja <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetička energija</a> <i><E<sub>k</sub>></i> čestica u sustavu <a href="/wiki/Centar_mase" class="mw-redirect" title="Centar mase">centra mase</a> ne ovisi o vrsti plina i iznosi: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {3}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>3</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {3}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bf867c3914c723fd2b448e0fd48ab0cc6795f750" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.848ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {3}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/70f38f7b73e53fd7b5d9ca64bec3a1438cc0eade" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.691ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k_{B}}" /></span> - <a href="/wiki/Boltzmannova_konstanta" title="Boltzmannova konstanta">Boltzmannova konstanta</a>, a <i>T</i> - <a href="/wiki/Apsolutna_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Apsolutna temperatura">apsolutna temperatura</a>. Ovaj izraz odnosi se sustav s tri prostorne dimenzije (tri <a href="/wiki/Stupanj_slobode" class="mw-disambig" title="Stupanj slobode">stupnja slobode</a>), pa je srednja <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetička energija</a> za svaki pojedini smjer: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo><</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c5ba437be1f8c46f0f7dd1fae453864d8f3bbd9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:19.848ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle <E_{k}>={\frac {1}{2}}\cdot k_{B}\cdot T}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Dakle, ovako određena temperatura je mjera za srednju <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> mnoštva <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cestica" class="mw-redirect" title="Čestica">čestica</a> koje se nalaze u termodinamičkoj ravnoteži i ne može poprimiti negativne vrijednosti. Gore navedeni izraz ima općenitije značenje i naziva se teorem ekviparticije energije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Apsolutna_termodinamička_temperatura"><span id="Apsolutna_termodinami.C4.8Dka_temperatura"></span>Apsolutna termodinamička temperatura</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Apsolutna termodinamička temperatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Apsolutna termodinamička temperatura"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovo određivanje temperature polazi od rada povratnog (reverzibilnog) <a href="/wiki/Toplinski_stroj" title="Toplinski stroj">toplinskog stroja</a>, za koji je omjer temperatura toplog i hladnog spremnika jednak omjeru količine topline predane iz toplog i primljene u hladni spremnik: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{A}}{T_{B}}}={\frac {Q_{A}}{Q_{B}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>Q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{A}}{T_{B}}}={\frac {Q_{A}}{Q_{B}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8f3ffa66e7e9d05fdd1af349a79e94267c564ada" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:10.926ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {T_{A}}{T_{B}}}={\frac {Q_{A}}{Q_{B}}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Ovo je univerzalna definicija temperature, stoga što je neovisna o materijalu (supstanci) i načinu rada toplinskog stroja, dokle god je toplinski stroj reverzibilan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prvi korak u proučavanju topline bio je izum <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometra</a> koji je omogućivao <a href="/wiki/Mjerenje" title="Mjerenje">mjerenja</a> i uspoređivanje toplinskoga stanja različitih tijela. Taj <a href="/wiki/Mjerni_instrument" title="Mjerni instrument">mjerni instrument</a> morao je biti reverzibilan, to jest vratiti se nakon prestanka djelovanja topline u početno stanje, te pokazivati isti učinak za jednaka toplinska stanja različitih tijela. Prvi instrument za mjerenje temperature, <i>termoskop</i>, izradio je <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> početkom 17. stoljeća, a osnivao se na <a href="/wiki/Toplinsko_istezanje" title="Toplinsko istezanje">toplinskom širenju</a> <a href="/wiki/Plin" title="Plin">plina</a>. Prvi termometar, koji je omogućivao preciznija mjerenja temperature, izumio je <a href="/wiki/Medici" title="Medici">Ferdinando II. Medici</a> 1654. Uskoro se, kako bi se mogla usporediti dva mjerenja, pojavila potreba za <a href="/wiki/Temperaturna_ljestvica" title="Temperaturna ljestvica">temperaturnom ljestvicom</a>. Pokazalo se najkorisnije da se temperaturni razmak između dvaju određenih toplinskih stanja nekoga tijela uzme kao osnovica temperaturne ljestvice, koja se onda može podijeliti na povoljan broj dijelova (stupnjeva). Uzimajući dvije određene točke umjesto jedne, jednoznačno se određuje mjerna jedinica iskustvene (empirijske) temperature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerne_jedinice_temperature">Mjerne jedinice temperature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjerne jedinice temperature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerne jedinice temperature"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postoji više <a href="/wiki/Mjerna_jedinica" title="Mjerna jedinica">mjernih jedinica</a> za temperaturu. U <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a> temperaturu mjerimo u <a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">Celzijevim stupnjevima</a> (°C), a u <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-u su uvriježeni <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheitov_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheitov stupanj">Fahrenheitovi stupnjevi</a> (°F). Jedinica <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> za <a href="/wiki/Termodinami%C4%8Dka_temperatura" class="mw-redirect" title="Termodinamička temperatura">termodinamičku temperaturu</a> je <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> (K), dok se u SAD-u još koristi i <a href="/wiki/Rankineov_stupanj" title="Rankineov stupanj">Rankineov stupanj</a>. </p><p>Jednadžbe za pretvaranje brojevnih vrijednosti uobičajenih <a href="/wiki/Temperaturna_ljestvica" title="Temperaturna ljestvica">temperaturnih ljestvica</a>: </p> <dl><dd><b>K = °C + 273,15</b></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>°C = 5/9 · (°F - 32)</b></dd></dl> <dl><dd><b>°F = °C/0,55 + 32 </b> ili preciznije :<b>°F = °C/(5/9) + 32 </b></dd></dl> <p>Tablica koja prikazuje neke često korištene temperature s vrijednostima izraženim na raznim temperaturnim ljestvicama: </p> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <th>Opis </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvinova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Celzijev_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Celzijev stupanj">Celzijeva</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheitov_stupanj" class="mw-redirect" title="Fahrenheitov stupanj">Fahrenheitova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rankineov_stupanj" title="Rankineov stupanj">Rankineova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Delisleova_ljestvica" title="Delisleova ljestvica">Delisleova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Newtonova_ljestvica" title="Newtonova ljestvica">Newtonova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9aumurova_ljestvica" title="Réaumurova ljestvica">Réaumurova</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8merova_ljestvica" title="Rømerova ljestvica">Rømerova</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Apsolutna nula </td> <td>0 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-273,15 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-459,67 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>559,725 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-90,14 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-218,52 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-135,90 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fahrenheitova mješavina leda i soli </td> <td>255,37 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-17,78 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>459,67 </td> <td>176,67 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-5,87 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-14,22 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-1,83 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tali%C5%A1te" title="Talište">Talište</a> leda/ledište vode (pri normalnom tlaku) </td> <td>273,15 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>491,67 </td> <td>150 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>7,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Temperatura ljudskoga tijela </td> <td>310,15 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>98,6 </td> <td>558,27 </td> <td>94,5 </td> <td>12,21 </td> <td>29,6 </td> <td>26,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">Vrelište</a> vode </td> <td>373,15 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>212 </td> <td>671,67 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>80 </td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Talište <a href="/wiki/Titanij" title="Titanij">titanija</a> </td> <td>1941 </td> <td>1668 </td> <td>3034 </td> <td>3494 </td> <td style="color:#800000;">-2352 </td> <td>550 </td> <td>1334 </td> <td>883 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_rdg2t50z9n7utfslovjlri5eroxbwiw"></map><img usemap="#timeline_rdg2t50z9n7utfslovjlri5eroxbwiw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/rdg2t50z9n7utfslovjlri5eroxbwiw.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_lgo5x0i50uvwpg9o0lctlhlk3wgza3n"></map><img usemap="#timeline_lgo5x0i50uvwpg9o0lctlhlk3wgza3n" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/lgo5x0i50uvwpg9o0lctlhlk3wgza3n.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_86nd7gp9l8p8nrzxox9iolhjvgr4hna"></map><img usemap="#timeline_86nd7gp9l8p8nrzxox9iolhjvgr4hna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/86nd7gp9l8p8nrzxox9iolhjvgr4hna.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_badhv1lbt9cwsx2ar6hi07w8gbuxuy9"></map><img usemap="#timeline_badhv1lbt9cwsx2ar6hi07w8gbuxuy9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/badhv1lbt9cwsx2ar6hi07w8gbuxuy9.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_miqutfennpn6xdw607do7yljdonnlq3"></map><img usemap="#timeline_miqutfennpn6xdw607do7yljdonnlq3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/miqutfennpn6xdw607do7yljdonnlq3.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_13d4takdjcaltv6nol30bwle9j485k4"></map><img usemap="#timeline_13d4takdjcaltv6nol30bwle9j485k4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/13d4takdjcaltv6nol30bwle9j485k4.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_ldoxxax7fd5j7sf6lwrmvqcdr57fu83"></map><img usemap="#timeline_ldoxxax7fd5j7sf6lwrmvqcdr57fu83" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/ldoxxax7fd5j7sf6lwrmvqcdr57fu83.png" /></div><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_67hhv67iybaw5d4p24wfoyumrsu79iv"></map><img usemap="#timeline_67hhv67iybaw5d4p24wfoyumrsu79iv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/hr/timeline/67hhv67iybaw5d4p24wfoyumrsu79iv.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerni_instrumenti">Mjerni instrumenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjerni instrumenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerni instrumenti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg/250px-Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg/375px-Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg/500px-Gluehfadenpyrometer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Optički <a href="/wiki/Pirometar" title="Pirometar">pirometar</a> za mjerenje temperature u <a href="/wiki/Visoka_pe%C4%87" title="Visoka peć">visokoj peći</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/250px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/375px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG/500px-Clinical_thermometer_38.7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="1927" /></a><figcaption>Medicinski stakleni <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometar</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg/250px-NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg/375px-NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/NOAA-NDBC-discus-buoy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Automatska <a href="/wiki/Meteorolo%C5%A1ka_postaja" title="Meteorološka postaja">meteorološka postaja</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Za mjerenje temperature služi <a href="/wiki/Mjerni_instrument" title="Mjerni instrument">mjerni instrument</a> koji se zove <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometar</a>. On se osniva na pojavama da se <a href="/wiki/Fizikalno_tijelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizikalno tijelo">fizikalna tijela</a> <a href="/wiki/Toplinsko_istezanje" title="Toplinsko istezanje">zagrijavanjem rastežu, a ohlađivanjem stežu</a>, i da <a href="/wiki/Toplina" title="Toplina">toplina</a> prelazi s tijela više temperature na tijelo s nižom temperaturom. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">Živa</a> se upotrebljava za punjenje termometra zbog njezinog svojstva da se zagrijavanjem jako i pravilno rasteže i brzo poprima temperaturu okoline. Termometar se sastoji od uske staklene cijevi (<a href="/wiki/Kapilarnost" title="Kapilarnost">kapilare</a>) koja je svuda istog <a href="/wiki/Promjer" title="Promjer">promjera</a>, dok se na donjem kraju proširuje u valjkastu ili kuglastu posudicu. Kod određivanja termometarske skale uzete su kao osnovne točke <a href="/wiki/Ledi%C5%A1te" title="Ledište">ledište</a> <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vode</a>, to jest ona temperatura kod koje se voda smrzava, a <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">led</a> <a href="/wiki/Taljenje" title="Taljenje">tali</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">vrelište</a> vode, to jest ona temperatura kod koje voda kod normalnog <a href="/wiki/Tlak_zraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlak zraka">tlaka zraka</a> vrije (<a href="/wiki/Vreli%C5%A1te" title="Vrelište">vrelište</a>). Razmak između ove dvije osnovne točke razdijeli se na sto jednakih dijelova i dobije se <a href="/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij">Celzijusova skala temperature</a>. Ledište vode označuje se s 0 °C, za vrelište + 100 °C. Za mjerenje nižih temperatura od ledišta vode produžuje se skala ispod nule, a za više temperature od vrelišta vode produžuje se iznad + 100 °C. Temperatura ispod ledišta označuje se s minus, a iznad ledišta vode s plus. U <a href="/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija">meteorologiji</a>, mjerni instrumenti za mjerenje temperature su smješteni u <a href="/wiki/Meteorolo%C5%A1ka_postaja" title="Meteorološka postaja">meteorološkim zaklonima</a> na 2 metra iznad zemlje radi uklanjanja nepovoljnih utjecaja <a href="/wiki/Insolacija" title="Insolacija">osunčavanja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetrova</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oborine" class="mw-redirect" title="Oborine">oborina</a>, a omogućuje stalnu izmjenu zraka izvana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mjerenje_temperature_pojedinačnim_očitavanjem"><span id="Mjerenje_temperature_pojedina.C4.8Dnim_o.C4.8Ditavanjem"></span>Mjerenje temperature pojedinačnim očitavanjem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjerenje temperature pojedinačnim očitavanjem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerenje temperature pojedinačnim očitavanjem"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>običan <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDiva" title="Živa">živin</a> <a href="/wiki/Termometar" title="Termometar">termometar</a> (mokri i suhi),</li> <li>maksimalni živin termometar,</li> <li>minimalni alkoholni termometar,</li> <li>tlačni termometar,</li> <li>bimetalni termometar,</li> <li>otporni termometar,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirometar" title="Pirometar">pirometar</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psihrometar" title="Psihrometar">psihrometar</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mjerenje_neprekidnim_bilježenjem"><span id="Mjerenje_neprekidnim_bilje.C5.BEenjem"></span>Mjerenje neprekidnim bilježenjem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Mjerenje neprekidnim bilježenjem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerenje neprekidnim bilježenjem"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termograf" title="Termograf">termograf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperatura_tijela">Temperatura tijela</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Temperatura tijela" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Temperatura tijela"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Temperatura tijela</b> mjerilo je toplinskoga stanja <a href="/wiki/Organizam" title="Organizam">organizma</a>; posljedica je ravnoteže između stvaranja i izdavanja topline (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Termoregulacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termoregulacija (stranica ne postoji)">termoregulacija</a>). U <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">čovjeka</a>, kao i u toplokrvnih (homeotermnih) životinja, temperatura u unutrašnjosti organizma održava se razmjerno stalnom, bez obzira na temperaturu <a href="/wiki/Okoli%C5%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="Okoliš">okoliša</a>, što je u prvome redu nužno za pravilnu funkciju <a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">enzima</a>. Temperatura hladnokrvnih (poikilotermnih) životinja ovisi o temperaturi okoliša. Temperatura se obično mjeri u ustima (oralna ili sublingvalna temperatura), pod pazuhom (aksilarna temperatura) ili u debelome crijevu (rektalna temperatura). Među zdravim pojedincima temperatura pokazuje razmjerno veliku varijabilnost: oralna temperatura iznosi između 36,4 i 37,6 °C, aksilarna temperatura približno je 0,5 °C niža od oralne, a rektalna temperatura približno 0,5 °C viša od oralne. Temperatura je obično niža u jutarnjim satima, a viša u večernjima. Tijekom vrlo napornoga mišićnog rada temperatura se privremeno može povisiti i do 40 °C. U žena temperatura ovisi o fazi menstruacijskoga ciklusa: u drugoj polovici ciklusa ona je približno 0,3 °C viša nego u prvoj polovici. Povišena temperatura (vrućica ili <a href="/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica">groznica</a>) može imati različite uzroke, a najčešće je posljedica upalnih procesa i <a href="/wiki/Zaraza" title="Zaraza">zaraza</a>. U male djece termoregulacija još nije dobro razvijena, pa temperatura može biti povišena i bez patoloških razloga. Umjereno povišenje tjelesne temperature naziva se subfebrilnom temperaturom. Ako se temperatura povisi na 40,0 do 42,0 °C, može nastati <a href="/wiki/Toplinski_udar" title="Toplinski udar">toplinski udar</a>, a ako se snizi na približno 25,0 °C (na primjer pri boravku u ledenoj vodi), čovjek obično umire zbog srčanoga zastoja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperatura_zraka">Temperatura zraka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Temperatura zraka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Temperatura zraka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Temperatura zraka</b>, u <a href="/wiki/Meteorologija" title="Meteorologija">meteorologiji</a>, je temperatura u prizemnom sloju <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfere</a> koja nije uvjetovana <a href="/wiki/Toplinsko_zra%C4%8Denje" title="Toplinsko zračenje">toplinskim zračenjem</a> <a href="/wiki/Tlo" title="Tlo">tla</a> i okoline ili <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Deva_svjetlost" title="Sunčeva svjetlost">Sunčevim zračenjem</a>. Mjeri se na <a href="/wiki/Visina" title="Visina">visini</a> od 2 metra iznad tla. Temperatura zraka mijenja se tijekom dana i tijekom godine. Dnevni hod ovisi o dobu dana i veličini i vrsti naoblake i može se znatno promijeniti pri naglim prodorima toploga ili hladnoga zraka ili pri termički jako izraženim <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetrovima</a>, na primjer <a href="/wiki/Fen" title="Fen">fenu</a>, činuku ili <a href="/wiki/Bura" title="Bura">buri</a>. Godišnji hod ovisi o položaju <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> prema <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Suncu</a>, zemljopisnom položaju mjesta, te o <a href="/wiki/Klimatske_promjene" title="Klimatske promjene">klimatskim promjenama</a>. U našim <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_%C5%A1irina" title="Zemljopisna širina">zemljopisnim širinama</a> u prosjeku je najhladniji mjesec siječanj, a najtopliji srpanj. Zbog utjecaja topline tla, uz samo tlo temperatura zraka naglo se mijenja, pa razlika između temperature zraka na 2 metra visine i one pri tlu može iznositi i do 10 stupnjeva. Temperatura zraka pri tlu mjeri se termometrima postavljenima 5 <a href="/wiki/Centimetar" class="mw-redirect" title="Centimetar">centimetara</a> iznad tla. Najniža je do sada izmjerena temperatura zraka – 89,2 °C na stanici Vostok (<a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a>, 1983.), a najviša 57,3 °C u mjestu Asisija (Libija, 1923.).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>temperatura</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=60785">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Velimir Kruz: "Tehnička fizika za tehničke škole", "Školska knjiga" Zagreb, 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>temperatura zraka</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=60787">[2]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Termografija" title="Termografija">Termografija</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temperatura&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:100%; 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class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pretraži projekt Wikipedija"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Traži"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Traži</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>149 jezika</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Dodaj temu</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-6c8459b844-8drcw","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.103","walltime":"0.688","ppvisitednodes":{"value":385,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":926,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":33,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4426,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 520.289 1 -total"," 96.16% 500.311 1 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