CINXE.COM

Learn About Multiphysics Modeling and Simulation | COMSOL Blog

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="z5hDfT_E7CX17oo2FoMdd5iDrIa5uO2zGiCVzApxl3w" /> <meta name='yandex-verification' content='6172511f3cfa98fc' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/cm-onetrust.js""></script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/b607d1f6-07e9-4c9e-ac76-aaa4f63e55c3/OtAutoBlock.js" ></script> <script nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="b607d1f6-07e9-4c9e-ac76-aaa4f63e55c3" ></script> <script type="text/javascript" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end --> <script type="text/plain" class='optanon-category-C0001' src="/js/onetrust/cat1.js"></script> <script type="text/plain" class='optanon-category-C0002' src="/js/onetrust/cat2.js"></script> <script type="text/plain" class='optanon-category-C0003' src="/js/onetrust/cat3.js"></script> <script type="text/plain" class='optanon-category-C0004' src="/js/onetrust/cat4.js"></script> <title>Learn About Multiphysics Modeling and Simulation | COMSOL Blog</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width&#x3D;device-width,&#x20;initial-scale&#x3D;1.0"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://cn.comsol.com/blogs" hreflang="zh" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs" hreflang="en" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.de/blogs" hreflang="de" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.fr/blogs" hreflang="fr-FR" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.it/blogs" hreflang="it" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.jp/blogs" hreflang="ja" /> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.comsol.ru/blogs" hreflang="ru" /> <script nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> var consoleOverride = window.console; window.console.log = function() { return }; window.innerOnError = function(msg, url, lineNo, columnNo, error) { var message = { message: msg, scriptUrl: url, line: lineNo, column: columnNo, error: error, documentUrl: window.location.href, }; var msgString = JSON.stringify(message); httpRequest = new XMLHttpRequest(); if (!httpRequest) { return false; } httpRequest.open('POST', '/js/onerror'); httpRequest.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); httpRequest.send('msg=' + encodeURIComponent(msgString)); }; window.onerror = function(msg, url, lineNo, columnNo, error) { try { var string = msg.toLowerCase(); var substring = "script error"; //dont log script errors console.log(string.indexOf(substring)); if (string.indexOf(substring) == -1){ window.innerOnError(msg, url, lineNo, columnNo, error); } } catch(error) { //do nothing for now } return false; }; </script> <script nonce='LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=='>window.cmCssVersion = 'bootstrap3';</script> <link href="&#x2F;images&#x2F;favicon.ico" rel="shortcut&#x20;icon" type="image&#x2F;vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link href="&#x2F;css&#x2F;bootstrap3-external-9818118080.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text&#x2F;css"> <link href="&#x2F;css&#x2F;jquery-ui&#x2F;css&#x2F;ui-lightness&#x2F;jquery-ui-1.10.3.custom.css,&#x2F;css&#x2F;navigation.css,&#x2F;css&#x2F;navigation-bs3-9818118080.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text&#x2F;css"> <link href="&#x2F;css&#x2F;print-9818118080.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet" type="text&#x2F;css"><script type="text&#x2F;javascript" src="&#x2F;js&#x2F;jquery.min.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;blog&#x2F;index.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;blog&#x2F;table-of-contents.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;bootstrap3&#x2F;bootstrap.min.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;bootstrap-modal.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;jquery-cookie&#x2F;cookie.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;jquery-ui&#x2F;js&#x2F;jquery-ui.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;topnav.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;general.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;jquery.lazyload.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;newsfeed.js,&#x2F;js&#x2F;modernizr&#x2F;webp-27547645200.js"></script> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script type="text&#x2F;javascript" src="&#x2F;js&#x2F;html5-27547645200.js"></script><![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" src="//use.typekit.net/zhi5ori.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==">try{Typekit.load();}catch(e){}</script> <script nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==">var jsTrans = {"read-more":"Read More","read-less":"Read Less","next-btn":"Next","prev-btn":"Prev","close-btn":"Close"};</script> <script script type='text/plain' class='cm-category-C0002' nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> var isComsolVisitor = document.cookie.match('isComsolVisitor=true'); var _gaq = {push: function() {}}; if (!isComsolVisitor) { var _gaq = { push: function (p) { try {console.log('faux gaq: ', p);} catch (e) {} } } var ga = function () {}; //stop contact page from sending info to GA } else { (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g; let n=s.querySelector('[nonce]');n&&a.setAttribute('nonce',n.nonce||n.getAttribute('nonce')); m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-828192-1', 'auto'); ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); ga('send', 'pageview'); } </script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0002" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-NKQQRF79PK"></script> <script type="text/plain" class="cm-category-C0002" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-NKQQRF79PK'); const event = new Event("ga4_loaded"); window.dispatchEvent(event); </script><script type="text/plain" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" class="optanon-category-C0004"> !function(w, d) { if (!w.rdt) { var p = w.rdt = function() { p.sendEvent ? p.sendEvent.apply(p, arguments) : p.callQueue.push(arguments); }; p.callQueue = []; var t = d.createElement("script"); t.src = "https://www.redditstatic.com/ads/pixel.js"; t.async = true; var s = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s); } }(window, document); rdt('init', 'a2_g8leh335h9kp'); rdt('track', 'PageVisit'); </script> <!-- End Reddit Pixel --><script type="text/plain" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" class="optanon-category-C0004"> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://analytics.comsol.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); window.matomoEvent = function (params) { //params = ['trackEvent', 'event category', 'event action', 'event name', 'event value'] _paq.push(params); } </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.1.1 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <meta name="description" content="Learn how to use multiphysics modeling and simulation to innovate and optimize your engineering designs. Get inspired by the COMSOL Blog today." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/page/2/" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/#website","url":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/","name":"COMSOL Blog","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/#webpage","url":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/","name":"COMSOL Blog -","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.comsol.com/blogs/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/","url":"https://www.comsol.com/blogs/","name":"Home"}}]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.comsol.com\/blogs\/\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.7"}}; !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([55357,56424,8205,55356,57212],[55357,56424,8203,55356,57212])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.comsol.com/blogs//wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs//wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.7" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/responsiveslides/responsiveslides.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/comsol.js"></script><link href="/css/responsiveslides/responsiveslides.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><script type="text/javascript" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> var ajaxurl = "https://www.comsol.com/blogs/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; var site = "com"; </script><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.comsol.com/blogs//wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.7' id='wp-embed-js'></script> <meta property="twitter:card" value="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="twitter:site" value="@COMSOL_Inc" /> <meta property="twitter:title" value="Read the COMSOL Blog for the Latest in Multiphysics Simulation" /> <meta property="twitter:description" value="You will find step-by-step modeling instructions, discussions of a variety of physics, product news, and more on the COMSOL Blog. Read now and subscribe!" /> <meta property="twitter:image" value="https://cdn.comsol.com/blog/COMSOL_Blog_OG_Home.png" /> <meta property='og:title' content='Read the COMSOL Blog for the Latest in Multiphysics Simulation' /> <meta property='og:type' content='article' /> <meta property='og:url' content='https://www.comsol.com/blogs' /> <meta property='og:description' content='You will find step-by-step modeling instructions, discussions of a variety of physics, product news, and more on the COMSOL Blog. Read now and subscribe!' /> <meta property='og:site_name' content='COMSOL' /> <meta property='og:image' content='https://cdn.comsol.com/blog/COMSOL_Blog_OG_Home.png' /> <script type="application/ld+json" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "WebSite", "url": "http://www.comsol.com", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "target": "http://www.comsol.com/search/?s={search_term_string}", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string" } } </script> </head> <body class="site-com "> <!--googleoff: index--> <div class="nav-toolbar"> <a class="topnav-brand active" href="/"><img class="img-responsive center-block conf-comsol-logo logo-mTop" src="https://cdn.comsol.com/company/logo/comsol-logo-130x20.png" alt="COMSOL"></a> <!-- toggele search bar --> <div class="pull-right float-end nav-toolbar-links" style="display: none" data-cm-search-bar="search"> <div class="topnav-searchbar"> <form class="" role="search" action="/search/"> <input type="text" class="hidden-search-input" data-cm-hidden-search data-hj-whitelist gaq-name="topNavDesktop" value="" name="s" placeholder="Search"><button class="search-submit" type="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button><span class="search-close" data-cm-search-toggle><i class="fa fa-times fa" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </form> </div> </div> <!-- toolbar --> <ul class="pull-right float-end nav-toolbar-links" data-cm-search-bar="nav"> <li class="tn-link" ><a href="/support">Support</a></li> <li class="tn-link" ><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="tn-link location-select"> <div> <div class="location-btn" data-cm-lang-toggle> English<span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<i class="fa fa-map-marker fa-solid fa-location-dot"></i></span> </div> <ul style="display: none;" data-cm-lang-list> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.de/blogs?setlang=1" >Deutsch</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.com/blogs?setlang=1" >English</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.fr/blogs?setlang=1" >Français</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.it/blogs?setlang=1" >Italiano</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.jp/blogs?setlang=1" >日本語</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://cn.comsol.com/blogs?setlang=1" >中文</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li><li class="tn-link tn-login-username" data-cm-logged-in style="display:none"> <em><a href="/access/" data-cm-access-full-name data-hj-suppress></a></em><span class="footerDivider">|</span> </li><li class="tn-link tn-logout-btn" data-cm-logged-in style="display:none"> <a href="/access/logout/">Log Out</a> </li><li class="tn-link" data-cm-logged-out> <a href="/access/login">Log In</a> </li><li class="tn-link topnav-search" data-cm-search-toggle><i class="fa fa-search" for="focus-input" aria-hidden="true" ></i></li> </ul> </div><!-- nav-toolbar--> <!-- navbar --> <div class="nav-primary-links"> <ul class="pull-right float-end bottom-nav-links"> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/products" class="nav-link" >Products</a></li> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/industries" class="nav-link">Industries</a></li> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/videos" class="nav-link">Videos</a></li> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/events" class="nav-link">Events</a></li> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/blogs" class="nav-link">Blog</a></li> <li class="bn-link"><a href="/support/learning-center" class="nav-link">Learning Center</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- nav-prim --> <!-- mobile --> <div class="top-tool mobile-nav-toolbar"> <!-- toggle search --> <div class="topnav-searchbar pull-right float-end" style="display: none" data-cm-search-bar="search"> <form class="" role="search" action="/search/"> <input type="search" gaq-name="topNavDesktop" value="" name="s" placeholder="Search"><button class="search-submit" type="submit" ><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button><span class="search-close" data-cm-search-toggle><i class="fa fa-times" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </form> </div> <div class="mobile-top" data-cm-search-bar="nav"> <a class="topnav-brand active" href="/"><img class="img-responsive center-block conf-comsol-logo" src="https://cdn.comsol.com/company/logo/comsol-logo-130x20.png" alt="COMSOL"></a> <!-- menu and drop down --> <div class="menu-btn pull-right float-end" data-cm-menu-toggle> Menu </div> <div class="mobile-nav-primary-links" style="display: none;" data-cm-menu-list> <ul class="mobile-bottom-nav-links"> <li><a href="/products" class="nav-link">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/industries" class="nav-link">Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/videos" class="nav-link">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/events" class="nav-link">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/blogs" class="nav-link">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/support/learning-center" class="nav-link">Learning Center</a></li> <li><a href="/support" class="nav-link">Support</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- --> <!-- search --> <div class="tn-link topnav-search pull-right float-end" data-cm-search-toggle><i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i></div> </div> </div><!-- mobile --> <div class="bottom-tool mobile-nav-toolbar"> <ul class="pull-right float-end nav-toolbar-links"> <li class="tn-link tn-login-username" data-cm-logged-in style="display:none"> <em><a href="/access/" data-cm-access-full-name data-hj-suppress></a></em><span class="footerDivider">|</span> </li><li class="tn-link tn-logout-btn" data-cm-logged-in style="display:none"> <a href="/access/logout/">Log Out</a> </li> <li class="tn-link" data-cm-logged-out> <a href="/access/login">Log In</a> </li> <li class="bn-link" ><a href="/contact" class="nav-link">Contact</a></li> <li class="bn-link"> <div class="location-select"> <div class="location-btn mobile-btn-location" data-cm-lang-toggle> <span><i class="fa fa-map-marker fa-solid fa-location-dot"></i></span> </div> <ul style="display: none;" data-cm-lang-list><!-- continents --> <!-- --> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.de/blogs?setlang=1" >Deutsch</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.com/blogs?setlang=1" >English</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.fr/blogs?setlang=1" >Français</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.it/blogs?setlang=1" >Italiano</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://www.comsol.jp/blogs?setlang=1" >日本語</a> </li> <li> <a tabindex="-1" href="http://cn.comsol.com/blogs?setlang=1" >中文</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <!--</nav> --> <!--googleon: index--> <div class="content"> <div class="contentWindow"> <div class="grayBg comsolblog" data-cm-comsolblog> <div class="bloghero"></div> <div class="container container--lift"> <!-- page header --> <!--hero--> <div class="card card--center-on-hero"> <div class="blog-header no-border"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs"><h1 class="heading-card-title__h1 heading-card-title__h1--index">COMSOL Blog</h1></a> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"> <div class="get-posts-email"> <button class="btn--get-posts-email" id="btn-posts-email" > <!-- hidden after clicked --> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> <span> Get New Posts by Email </span> </button> <!-- show when btn--getposts-email is triggered --> <!-- success message --> <div class="subscribed-success-msg pull-right hidden" id="subscribed-success-msg"> <i class="fa fa-check"></i> <span cm-sub-success-container></span> </div> <!-- end success message --> <form id="posts-email-form" class="subform-enteremail hidden" method="post" action=""> <input class="" type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email to subscribe" value="" required><button type="submit" class="btn--enteremail"> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i></button> <span class="sub-email__close" id="btn-search-close"><i class="fa fa-times fa" aria-hidden="true"></i></span> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"><!-- show when getposts-email is triggered, hide when form submit --> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="enteremail__legal hidden" id="posts-email-legal-text"> <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"> <p>By providing your email address, you consent to receive emails from COMSOL AB and its affiliates about the COMSOL Blog, and agree that COMSOL may process your information according to its <a href="/privacy-policy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a>. This consent may be withdrawn.</p> </div> </div> <!-- error message --> <div class="enteremail__error"> <div class="alert alert-warning hidden" role="alert" cm-sub-error-container></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="heading-card-subtitle--gray"> <div class="row"> <form method="GET" action="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/"> <!-- filters pulled from the press release page --> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-12"> <div class="input-group per-block blg-filter"> <span class="input-group-addon" id="perpage">Per page:</span> <div class="input-group " role="group"> <select class="form-control" name="np" id="blog-np-selector"> <option value="8" selected>8</option> <option value="12" >12</option> <option value="24" >24</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> <!--search--> <div class="col-lg-4 col-md-5 col-sm-6 col-xs-12 pull-right"> <div class="input-group blg-filter pull-right"> <input type="text" name="s" value="" class="form-control" placeholder="Search Blog" aria-describedby="Search Blog" cm-search> <span class="input-group-addon btn blog-search__submit" type="submit" id="search" cm-search-button>Search</span> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="spacer"></div> <!--end hero--> <!--main container--> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="card-box--previews blogs__content"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <!--filter label--> <h4 class="blogfltrlabel"> Latest Posts </h4> </div> </div> <!--Blog previews--> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/exploiting-symmetries-in-rf-and-wave-optics-modeling"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2025/04/Blog_Header_Imgs_SymmetriesinRFandWO_ThumbnailImg.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Exploiting Symmetries in RF and Wave Optics Modeling</h4> <div class="date">April 9, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>We can simplify and reduce the size and computational complexity of a wave electromagnetics model by taking advantage of any symmetries it may have. Learn how to do so here.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/happy-birthday-harold-edgerton"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2023/10/COMSOL_Blog_OG_TodayInScience-245x195.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Happy Birthday, Harold Edgerton</h4> <div class="date">April 6, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>Learn about the life, work, and legacy of Harold Edgerton, an engineer and photographer best known for revolutionizing strobe light and action photography.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/5-inventions-inspired-by-nature"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2023/10/COMSOL_Blog_OG_TodayInScience-245x195.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>5 Inventions Inspired by Nature</h4> <div class="date">April 3, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>Birdwatching helped make Japan’s bullet trains quieter. Read more about this fascinating story and four other inventions inspired by nature here.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/modeling-non-newtonian-flow-in-porous-media"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2025/03/Blog_Header_Imgs_Non-NewtonianFlow_ThumbnailImg.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Modeling Non-Newtonian Flow in Porous Media</h4> <div class="date">March 27, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>Learn how to use simulations to develop a homogenized approach for modeling non-Newtonian flow in porous structures.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/happy-birthday-hermann-staudinger"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2023/10/COMSOL_Blog_OG_TodayInScience-245x195.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Happy Birthday, Hermann Staudinger</h4> <div class="date">March 23, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>Hermann Staudinger developed a macromolecular theory that laid the groundwork for the development of polymer chemistry. Explore his life, discoveries, and legacy here.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/how-to-import-images-and-loft-a-solid"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2017/09/Blog_Header_Imgs_CurveDataandLoftSolid_ThumbnailImg.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>How to Import Images and Loft a Solid</h4> <div class="date">March 21, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>Say you want to model an irregular shape, like a human head. How do you set up the geometry? Here, we go over how to do just that by importing images and lofting a solid.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/thermal-analysis-of-a-czochralski-crystal-growth-furnace"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2025/03/Blog_Header_Imgs_CrystalGrowthFurnace_ThumbnailImg.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Thermal Analysis of a Czochralski Crystal Growth Furnace</h4> <div class="date">March 12, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>The Czochralski method is the most common approach for the preparation of monocrystalline silicon crystal ingots. Learn the history behind this method and how to model it here. </p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/modeling-a-pencil-beam-scanning-nozzle-used-for-proton-therapy"> <div class="card preview__details"> <div class="blog-preview-img"> <img src="//cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2025/03/Blog_Header_Imgs_PencilBeam_ThumbnailImg.png"> </div> <div class="preview__text-container"> <div class="preview__text"> <h4>Modeling a Pencil Beam Scanning Nozzle Used for Proton Therapy</h4> <div class="date">March 6, 2025</div> <p class="preview__description"><p>In proton therapy, an energetic beam of protons is used to deliver ionizing radiation to the treatment area. Learn how particle tracing simulation can be used to help advance this treatment.</p> </p> <div class="text-fade--vertical"></div> </div> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <hr> <!--Pagination--> <div class="paginationControl clearfix"> <!-- First page link --> <div class="pageFirst"> <span class="disabled"><i class="fa fa-angle-double-left"></i> First</span> </div> <!-- Previous page link --> <div class="pagePrev"> <span class="disabled"><i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> Previous</span> </div> <div class="pageCount"> <span class="pageCount_current">1–8</span> of <span class="pageCount_total">1833</span> </div> <!-- Next page link --> <div class="pageNext"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/page/2/"> Next <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> </div> <!-- Last page link --> <div class="pageLast"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/page/230/"> Last <i class="fa fa-angle-double-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div data-cm-blog-scrollTrigger></div> <div class="toc__wrapper"> <!-- Table of Contents --> <div class="toc toc--stuck" data-cm-toc> <!--toggle--> <div class="toc__explore-bar" data-cm-toc-button> <div class="toc__explore" data-cm-toc-explore>EXPLORE COMSOL BLOG</div><i class="fa fa-arrow-up toc__arrow" data-cm-toc__arrow></i> </div> <!--end toggle--> <div class="row toc__row--no-margin"> <!-- TOC Close Button --> <div class="col-xs-12 toc__close-bar toc__close-bar--top"> <div class="toc__close pull-right" data-cm-toc-button data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#toc"><i class="fa fa-close"></i></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="toc__body"> <!-- TOC Categories --> <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h5 class="toc__section-heading">CATEGORIES</h5> <div class="toc__category-list"> <ul class="nested-list nested-list--flex nested-list--left-align" style="margin-bottom: 0"> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Chemical</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/battery-design">Battery Design</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/chemical-reaction-engineering">Chemical Reaction Engineering</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/corrosion-and-corrosion-protection">Corrosion &amp; Corrosion Protection</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/electrochemistry">Electrochemistry</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/electrodeposition">Electrodeposition</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/chemical/fuel-cells-and-electrolyzers">Fuel Cells &amp; Electrolyzers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/comsol-now" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">COMSOL Now</a> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Electromagnetics</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/charged-particle-tracing">Charged Particle Tracing</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/low-frequency-electromagnetics">Low-Frequency Electromagnetics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/plasma-physics">Plasma Physics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/ray-optics">Ray Optics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/rf-and-microwave-engineering">RF &amp; Microwave Engineering</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/semiconductor-devices">Semiconductor Devices</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/electromagnetics/wave-optics">Wave Optics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Fluid &amp; Heat</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/computational-fluid-dynamics-cfd">Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/heat-transfer">Heat Transfer</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/microfluidics">Microfluidics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/molecular-flow">Molecular Flow</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/particle-tracing-for-fluid-flow">Particle Tracing for Fluid Flow</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/fluid-and-heat/porous-media-flow">Porous Media Flow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">General</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/api">API</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/cluster-and-cloud-computing-general">Cluster &amp; Cloud Computing</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/equation-based-modeling">Equation-Based Modeling</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/geometry">Geometry</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/installation-and-license-management">Installation &amp; License Management</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/materials">Materials</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/modeling-tools-and-definitions">Modeling Tools &amp; Definitions</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/optimization">Optimization</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/physics-interfaces">Physics Interfaces</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/results-and-visualization">Results &amp; Visualization</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/simulation-apps">Simulation Apps</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/solvers-and-studies">Studies &amp; Solvers</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/surrogate-models">Surrogate Models</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/general/user-interface">User Interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/interfacing" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Interfacing</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/interfacing/cad-import-and-livelink-products-for-cad">CAD Import &amp; LiveLink Products for CAD</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/interfacing/livelink-for-excel">LiveLink for Excel</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/interfacing/livelink-for-matlab">LiveLink for MATLAB</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Structural &amp; Acoustics</a> <ul class="nested-list__child-list nested-list__child-list--left-align"> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/acoustics-and-vibrations">Acoustics &amp; Vibrations</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/geomechanics">Geomechanics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/material-models">Material Models</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/mems-and-piezoelectric-devices">MEMS &amp; Piezoelectric Devices</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/structural-dynamics">Structural Dynamics</a></li> <li class="nested-list__child-element"><a class="nested-list__child-link" href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/structural-and-acoustics/structural-mechanics">Structural Mechanics</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nested-list__parent-element nested-list__parent-element--flex-nobreak"> <a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/category/today-in-science" class="nested-list__parent-link text-uppercase">Today in Science</a> </li> </ul> <div style="display:none" data-cm-author-list-container></div> </div> </div><!-- end toc categories --> <!-- TOC Tags --> <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <h5 class="toc__section-heading">TAGS</h5> <input type="text" id="blog-search-tags" class="hidden-search-input tag-search" gaq-name="tagNavDesktop" value="" placeholder="Search Tags"> <div class="toc__tag-list" style=""> <ul class="toc__tags"> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/3d-printing">3D Printing</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/acdc-module">AC/DC Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/acoustics-module">Acoustics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/battery-design-module">Battery Design Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/bioengineering">Bioengineering</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/cad-import-module">CAD Import Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/certified-consultants">Certified Consultants</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/cfd-module">CFD Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/chemical-reaction-engineering-module">Chemical Reaction Engineering Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/composite-materials-module">Composite Materials Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/conference">Conference</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/corrosion-module">Corrosion Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/electrochemistry-module">Electrochemistry Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/electrodeposition-module">Electrodeposition Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/electromagnetic-device-series">Electromagnetic Device series</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/evaporative-cooling">Evaporative Cooling</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/fatigue-module">Fatigue Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/featured-scientists">Featured Scientists</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/food-science">Food Science</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/fuel-cell-and-electrolyzer-module">Fuel Cell &amp; Electrolyzer Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/gear-modeling-series">Gear Modeling series</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/geomechanics-module">Geomechanics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/heat-transfer-module">Heat Transfer Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/hybrid-modeling-series">Hybrid Modeling series</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/iot">IoT</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/mems-module">MEMS Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/metal-processing-module">Metal Processing Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/microfluidics-module">Microfluidics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/mixer-module">Mixer Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/modeling-irregular-shapes">Modeling Irregular Shapes</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/molecular-flow-module">Molecular Flow Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/multibody-dynamics-module">Multibody Dynamics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/multiscale-modeling-in-high-frequency-electromagnetics">Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/nonlinear-structural-materials-module">Nonlinear Structural Materials Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/optimization-module">Optimization Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/parallel-computing">Parallel Computing</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/particle-tracing-module">Particle Tracing Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/physics-of-sports">Physics of Sports</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/pipe-flow-module">Pipe Flow Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/plasma-module">Plasma Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/polymer-flow-module">Polymer Flow Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/porous-media-flow-module">Porous Media Flow Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/ray-optics-module">Ray Optics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/rf-module">RF Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/rotordynamics-module">Rotordynamics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/semiconductor-module">Semiconductor Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/silicon-photonics">Silicon Photonics</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/solver-series">Solver series</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/structural-materials-series">Structural Materials series</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/structural-mechanics-module">Structural Mechanics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/subsurface-flow-module">Subsurface Flow Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/technical-content">Technical Content</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/users">User Perspectives</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/video">Video</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/wave-electromagnetics">Wave Electromagnetics</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/wave-optics-module">Wave Optics Module</a></li> <li class="blog-tag-item"><a href="https://www.comsol.com/blogs/tag/weak-form">Weak Form</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- end toc tags --> </div><!--end toc__body--> </div> <!-- TOC Close Button --> <div class="col-xs-12 toc__close-bar toc__close-bar--bottom"> <div class="toc__close pull-right" data-cm-toc-button data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".tocc"><i class="fa fa-close"></i></div> </div> </div><!--end row--> </div><!--end row--> </div><!-- toc_wrapper --> </div> <!--googleoff: index--> <!--googleon: index--> </div> </div> <!--googleoff: index--> <div class="footer-sitemap" role="footer"> <div class="ftr-main"> <div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class=" ftr-link-header">Product Information</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/products" class=" nav-link " >Products</a></li> <!-- <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/features-benefits/" class=" nav-link " >Features and Benefits</a></li> --> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/products/specifications/" class=" nav-link " >Specification Chart</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/products/licensing/" class=" nav-link " >License Options</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/system-requirements/" class=" nav-link " >System Requirements</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/release-history" class=" nav-link " >Release History</a></li> </ul> </div ><div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class="ftr-link-header">Use Cases</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/models/" class=" nav-link " >Model and Application Files</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/videos?type%5B%5D=videotype-product&type%5B%5D=videotype-modeldemo&s=" class=" nav-link " >Product Demo Videos</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/stories" class=" nav-link " >User Stories</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/papers-presentations" class=" nav-link " >Papers and Research</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/books" class=" nav-link " >Books</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/benefits/simulation-apps" class=" nav-link " >Introducing Simulation Apps</a></li> </ul> </div ><div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class="ftr-link-header">Learn</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/support/learning-center" class=" nav-link " >Learning Center</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/events/training-courses" class=" nav-link " >Instructor-Led Training</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/forum/" class=" nav-link " >Discussion Forum</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/community/exchange/" class=" nav-link " >Application Exchange</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/blogs" class=" nav-link " >COMSOL Blog</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/multiphysics" class=" nav-link " >Multiphysics Cyclopedia</a></li> </ul> </div ><div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class="ftr-link-header">Events</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/events/webinars" class=" nav-link " >Webinars</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/events/comsol-days/" class=" nav-link " >COMSOL Days</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/events" class=" nav-link " >Events Calendar</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/conference/" class=" nav-link " >COMSOL Conference</a></li> </ul> </div ><div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class="ftr-link-header">Support and Services</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/support" class=" nav-link " >Support Center</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/support/cases/" class=" nav-link " >My Support Cases</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/support/knowledgebase/browse/900/" class=" nav-link " >Knowledge Base</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/partners-consultants" class=" nav-link " >Partners and Consultants</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/documentation/" class=" nav-link " >Documentation</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/product-download/" class=" nav-link " >Product Download</a></li> </ul> </div ><div class="ftr-sections"> <ul> <li class="ftr-link-header">Company</li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/company/" class=" nav-link " >About</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/company/careers/" class=" nav-link " >Careers</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/press-releases" class=" nav-link " >Press</a></li> <li class="ftr-link"><a href="/contact" class=" nav-link " >Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- <div class="ftr-social"> <div class="footerSocialIcon"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/comsol-inc-" target="_blank"><img src="//cdn.comsol.com/social/In-White-14px.png"></a></div> <div class="footerSocialIcon"><a href="https://plus.google.com/115989417062257642064?prsrc=3" rel="publisher" target="_top" style="text-decoration:none;"> <img src="//ssl.gstatic.com/images/icons/gplus-16.png" alt="Google+" style="border:0;width:16px;height:16px;"/></a></div> <div class="footerSocialIcon"><a href="https://twitter.com/COMSOL_Inc" target="_blank"><img src="//cdn.comsol.com/social/Twitter_Social_Icon_Rounded_Square_White.png" width="32px"></a></div> <div class="footerSocialIcon"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/multiphysics" target="_blank"><img src="//cdn.comsol.com/social/FB-f-Logo__white_29.png"></a></div> <div class="footerSocialIcon"><a href="//www.comsol.com/blogs/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-rss-square fa-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></div> </div> --> <hr class="footerhr"> <div class="ftr-legal"> <ul> <li class="footerAcess"> <div data-cm-logged-in style="display:none"> <em><a href="/access/" data-cm-access-full-name data-hj-suppress></a></em> <span class="footerDivider">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span> <a href="/access/logout/">Log Out</a> </div> <div data-cm-logged-out> <a href="/access/">Log In</a> </div> </li> <li class="footerDivider">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</li> <li><a href="/company/privacy/" class=" nav-link " >Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="footerDivider">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</li> <li><a href="/trademarks/" class=" nav-link " >Trademarks</a></li> <li class="footerDivider">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</li> <li> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button start --> <span id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings" style="background-color:inherit"> Cookie Settings</span> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Settings button end --> </li> <li class="footerCopyright">&copy; 2025 by COMSOL. All rights reserved</li> </ul> </div> </div> <!--googleon: index--> <script type="text/plain" class="cm-category-C0004" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="> /* <![CDATA[ */ var google_conversion_id = 1068323926; var google_custom_params = window.google_tag_params; var google_remarketing_only = true; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0004" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" src="//www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion.js"> </script> <noscript> <div style="display:inline;"> <img height="1" width="1" style="border-style:none;" alt="" src="//googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/1068323926/?value=0&amp;guid=ON&amp;script=0"/> </div> </noscript> <script type="text/plain" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" class="optanon-category-C0004"> _linkedin_partner_id = "1950202"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script> <script type="text/plain" nonce="LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA==" class="cm-category-C0004"> (function(l) { if (!l){window.lintrk = function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])}; window.lintrk.q=[]} var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.nonce = "LbmVwcNCWmT5t5e0Z1uMgA=="; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(window.lintrk); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=1950202&fmt=gif" /> </noscript> </body> </html> <!-- generated: Fri, 11 Apr 2025 13:17:47 +0000 ++ '1744377467' ++ E ++ gentime: 0.1515 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10