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<span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occurrence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dental_or_denti-alveolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dental_or_denti-alveolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dental or denti-alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dental_or_denti-alveolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alveolar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alveolar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alveolar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alveolar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alveolar_approximant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alveolar_approximant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Alveolar approximant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alveolar_approximant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Velarized_dental_or_alveolar_approximant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Velarized_dental_or_alveolar_approximant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Velarized dental or alveolar approximant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Velarized_dental_or_alveolar_approximant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semitic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semitic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Semitic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semitic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Voiceless lateral-median fricative</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Voiceless lateral-median fricative subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Features_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occurrence_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_letter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_letter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Capital letter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_letter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmloser_alveolarer_lateraler_Frikativ" title="Stimmloser alveolarer lateraler Frikativ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmloser alveolarer lateraler Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheng_kh%C3%AD-g%C3%BBn_pian_chhat-im" title="Chheng khí-gûn pian chhat-im – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheng khí-gûn pian chhat-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Беззвучна венечна странична проходна съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Беззвучна венечна странична проходна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzenn_gostez_logigo%C3%B9_divouezh" title="Ruzenn gostez logigoù divouezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruzenn gostez logigoù divouezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_lateral_alveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa lateral alveolar sorda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fricativa lateral alveolar sorda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_alveol%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_later%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_frikativa" title="Neznělá alveolární laterální frikativa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neznělá alveolární laterální frikativa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmloser_lateraler_alveolarer_Frikativ" title="Stimmloser lateraler alveolarer Frikativ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmloser lateraler alveolarer Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_lateral_alveolar_sorda" title="Fricativa lateral alveolar sorda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fricativa lateral alveolar sorda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igurzkari_albokari_hobikari_ahoskabe" title="Igurzkari albokari hobikari ahoskabe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Igurzkari albokari hobikari ahoskabe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_fricative_lat%C3%A9rale_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne fricative latérale alvéolaire sourde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne fricative latérale alvéolaire sourde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%B1_%EC%B9%98%EA%B2%BD_%EC%84%A4%EC%B8%A1_%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="무성 치경 설측 마찰음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무성 치경 설측 마찰음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_geser-sisi_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan geser-sisi rongga-gigi nirsuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laterale_fricativa_alveolare_sorda" title="Laterale fricativa alveolare sorda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Laterale fricativa alveolare sorda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9A_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99,_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="עיצור מכתשי, חוכך צידי, אטום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור מכתשי, חוכך צידי, אטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumloeazen_alveolaire_laterale_fricatief" title="Stumloeazen alveolaire laterale fricatief – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumloeazen alveolaire laterale fricatief" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Безвучна венечна странична струјна согласка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Безвучна венечна странична струјна согласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geseran_sisian_gusi_tak_bersuara" title="Geseran sisian gusi tak bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geseran sisian gusi tak bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemloze_alveolaire_laterale_fricatief" title="Stemloze alveolaire laterale fricatief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemloze alveolaire laterale fricatief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%A3%B0%E6%AD%AF%E8%8C%8E%E5%81%B4%E9%9D%A2%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="無声歯茎側面摩擦音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無声歯茎側面摩擦音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_boczna_szczelinowa_dzi%C4%85s%C5%82owa_bezd%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska boczna szczelinowa dziąsłowa bezdźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska boczna szczelinowa dziąsłowa bezdźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_lateral_alveolar_surda" title="Fricativa lateral alveolar surda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fricativa lateral alveolar surda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83_lateral%C4%83_alveolar%C4%83_surd%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă laterală alveolară surdă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană fricativă laterală alveolară surdă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Глухой альвеолярный латеральный спирант – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глухой альвеолярный латеральный спирант" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonl%C3%B6s_alveolar_lateral_frikativa" title="Tonlös alveolar lateral frikativa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonlös alveolar lateral frikativa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCms%C3%BCz_di%C5%9Fyuvas%C4%B1l_yans%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmeli_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümsüz dişyuvasıl yansürtünmeli ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümsüz dişyuvasıl yansürtünmeli ünsüz" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɬ⟩ in IPA</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">148</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#620;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+026C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>K</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_QuoteOpen.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) U+2826"><img alt="⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/25px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/38px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Braille_QuoteOpen.svg/50px-Braille_QuoteOpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123) U+2807"><img alt="⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/25px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/38px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/50px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x026C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l̥</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">155 402A</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>l_0</code></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless velarized alveolar lateral approximant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɫ̥</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound, used in some <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents voiceless <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar</a> lateral <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a> is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span>, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>K</code>. </p><p>The symbol <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> is called "belted l" and is distinct from "l with tilde", <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span>, which transcribes a different sound – the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant#Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral approximant">velarized (or pharynɡealized) alveolar lateral approximant</a>, often called "dark L".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars also posit the <b>voiceless alveolar lateral approximant</b> distinct from the fricative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPike194371,_138–9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPike194371,_138–9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent research distinguishes between "turbulent" and "laminar" airflow in the vocal tract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadle200037–8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadle200037–8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ball & Rahilly (1999) state that "the airflow for voiced approximants remains laminar (smooth), and does not become turbulent".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">l̥</span>⟩. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan">Sino-Tibetan</a> language group, <a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a> argue that <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Standard Tibetan</a> have voiceless lateral approximants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Li_Fang-Kuei" title="Li Fang-Kuei">Li Fang-Kuei</a> & <a href="/wiki/William_H._Baxter" title="William H. Baxter">William Baxter</a> contrast apophonically the voiceless alveolar lateral approximant from its voiced counterpart in the <a href="/wiki/Reconstructions_of_Old_Chinese" title="Reconstructions of Old Chinese">reconstruction of Old Chinese</a>. <a href="#CITEREFScholten2000">Scholten (2000)</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFScholten2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span> includes the voiceless velarized alveolar lateral approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ̥</a>]</span>. </p><p>However, the voiceless dental & alveolar lateral approximant is constantly found as an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">voiced counterpart</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia English</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009168_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009168-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after voiceless coronal and labial stops, who is velarized before back vowels, the allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> after voiceless dorsal and laryngeal stops is most realized as a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">voiceless velar lateral approximant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Features of the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, termed respectively <i><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a></i>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sound is fairly common among <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">indigenous languages of the Americas</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_languages" title="North Caucasian languages">North Caucasian languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also found in <a href="/wiki/African_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="African languages">African languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian languages">Asian languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Yue_Chinese" title="Yue Chinese">Yue</a> dialects like <a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a> languages of Hainan, and several <a href="/wiki/Formosan_languages" title="Formosan languages">Formosan languages</a> and dialects in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sound is rare in <a href="/wiki/European_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="European languages">European languages</a> outside the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, but it is found notably in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> in which it is written <span class="nowrap">⟨<a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">ll</a>⟩</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996203_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996203-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several Welsh names beginning with this sound (<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_(name)" title="Lloyd (name)">Llwyd</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɬʊɨd]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_(name)" title="Llywelyn (name)">Llywelyn</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cy-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">[ɬəˈwɛlɨn]</a></span>) have been borrowed into English and then retain the Welsh <span class="nowrap">⟨ll⟩</span> spelling but are pronounced with an <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>/</span> (Lloyd, Llewellyn), or they are substituted with <span class="nowrap">⟨fl⟩</span> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fl/</span>) (Floyd, Fluellen). It was also <a href="/wiki/Sabesdiker_losn" title="Sabesdiker losn">found</a> in certain dialects of <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern Yiddish">Lithuanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>. </p><p>The phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> was also found in the most ancient <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> speech of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Israelites">Ancient Israelites</a>. The orthography of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>, however, did not directly indicate the phoneme since it and several other phonemes of Ancient Hebrew did not have a grapheme of their own. The phoneme, however, is clearly attested by later developments: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> was written with <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ש</span></span>⟩</span>, but the letter was also used for the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>. Later, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> merged with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>, a sound that had been written only with <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ס</span></span>⟩</span>. As a result, three etymologically distinct modern Hebrew phonemes can be distinguished: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> written <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ס</span></span>⟩</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span> written <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ש</span></span>⟩</span> (with later <a href="/wiki/Niqqud" title="Niqqud">niqqud</a> pointing שׁ), and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> evolving from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> and written <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ש</span></span>⟩</span> (with later <a href="/wiki/Niqqud" title="Niqqud">niqqud</a> pointing שׂ). The specific pronunciation of <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ש</span></span>⟩</span> evolving to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> from <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> is known based on comparative evidence since <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> is the corresponding <a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Semitic">Proto-Semitic</a> phoneme and is still attested in <a href="/wiki/Modern_South_Arabian" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern South Arabian">Modern South Arabian</a> languages,<sup id="cite_ref-b77_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b77-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and early borrowings indicate it from Ancient Hebrew (e.g. <span title="English-language text"><span lang="en">balsam</span></span> < Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">balsamon</i></span> < Hebrew <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">baśam</i></span>). The phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> began to merge with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> in Late Biblical Hebrew, as is indicated by interchange of orthographic <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ש</span></span>⟩</span> and <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">ס</span></span>⟩</span>, possibly under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>, and became the rule in <a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic Hebrew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-b69_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b69-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r73_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In all Jewish reading traditions, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> have merged completely, but in <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan Hebrew</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span> has instead merged into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʃ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-b69_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b69-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> sound is also found in two of the <a href="/wiki/Constructed_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed languages">constructed languages</a> invented by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a> (inspired by Welsh) and <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> (inspired by Finnish, Ancient Greek, and Latin).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sindarin, it is written as <span class="nowrap">⟨lh⟩</span> initially and <span class="nowrap">⟨ll⟩</span> medially and finally, and in Quenya, it appears only initially and is written <span class="nowrap">⟨hl⟩</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dental_or_denti-alveolar">Dental or denti-alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dental or denti-alveolar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language </th> <th>Word </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amis_language" title="Amis language">Amis</a> </td> <td>Kangko dialect </td> <td><span title="Amis-language text"><i lang="ami">tipi<b>d</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tipiɬ̪]</span> </td> <td>'bowl' </td> <td>Allophonic variation of word-final and sometimes word-initial <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɮ̪/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonWright199547_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonWright199547-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Mapudungun-language text"><i lang="arn"><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">kagü<b>ḻ</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kɜˈɣɘɬ̪]</span> </td> <td>'phlegm that is spit' </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interdental_consonant" title="Interdental consonant">Interdental</a>; possible utterance-final allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l̪/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trondheimsk" title="Trondheimsk">Trondheim dialect</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200079_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200079-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">sæ<b>l</b>t</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s̪aɬ̪t̪]</span> </td> <td>'sold' </td> <td>Laminal denti-alveolar; allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>. Also described as an approximant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVanvik197936_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVanvik197936-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> </td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_orthography" title="Scottish Gaelic orthography">fa<b>l</b>t</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[fɑɬ̪ˠt̪]</span> </td> <td>'hair' </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l̪ˠ/</span> before a pre-aspirated plosive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOftedal195699_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOftedal195699-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sahaptin_language" title="Sahaptin language">Sahaptin</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬḵʼɑm]</span> </td> <td>'moccasins' </td> <td>Contrasts approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJansen201038_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJansen201038-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alveolar">Alveolar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alveolar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language </th> <th>Word </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a> </td> <td><span title="Adyghe-language text"><span lang="ady-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">плъыжь</a></span></span> / <span title="Adyghe-language text"><span lang="ady-Arab" dir="rtl">پ<b>ݪ</b>‍ہ‍ژ</span></span> / <span title="Adyghe-language text"><i lang="ady-Latn">p<b>ł</b>əžʼ</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pɬəʑ]</span> </td> <td>'red' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ahtna_language" title="Ahtna language">Ahtna</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETuttle2008464_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETuttle2008464-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Ahtena-language text"><i lang="aht">dze<b>ł</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsɛɬ]</span> </td> <td>'mountain' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGippert2000_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGippert2000-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Avar-language text"><span lang="av-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>лъ</b>абго</a></span></span> / <span title="Avar-language text"><span lang="av-Arab" dir="rtl"><b>ڸ</b>ابگۈ</span></span> / <span title="Avar-language text"><i lang="av-Latn"><b>ļ</b>abgo</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɬabɡo]</span> </td> <td>'three'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDellertDaneykoMünchLadygina2020_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDellertDaneykoMünchLadygina2020-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Basay_language" title="Basay language">Basay</a> </td> <td><span title="Basay-language text"><i lang="byq-Latn"><b>l</b>anum</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬanum]</span> </td> <td>'water' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ait_Seghrouchen_Berber" title="Ait Seghrouchen Berber">Ait Seghrouchen</a> </td> <td><span title="Berber languages collective text"><i lang="ber">a<b>lt</b>u</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[æˈɬʊw]</span> </td> <td>'not yet' </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lt/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbdel-Massih201120_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbdel-Massih201120-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a> </td> <td><span title="Brahui-language text"><span lang="brh" dir="rtl"><b>تی</b>ڷ</span></span> / te<b>ļ</b> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪e:ɬ]</span> </td> <td>'scorpion' </td> <td>Contrasts <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l<span class="wrap"> </span>ɬ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200377_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200377-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bunun_language" title="Bunun language">Bunun</a> </td> <td>Isbukun dialect </td> <td><span title="Bunun-language text"><i lang="bnn-Latn"><b>l</b>udun</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬuɗun]</span> </td> <td>'mountain' </td> <td>Voiceless allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> among some speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELin2018128_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELin2018128-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bura_language" title="Bura language">Bura</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154–155_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154–155-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>bat<b>l</b>i</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[batɬi]</span> </td> <td>'early forenoon (7-9pm)'<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Contrasts with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝̊</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154–155_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154–155-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Central Alaskan Yup'ik</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiyaoka201252_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiyaoka201252-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Central Yupik-language text"><i lang="esu">ta<b>ll</b>iq</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taɬeq]</span> </td> <td>'arm' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a> </td> <td>Oklahoma Cherokee </td> <td><span title="Cherokee-language text"><i lang="chr">tlha</i></span>, <span title="Cherokee-language text"><i lang="chr">kiihli</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɬá]~[ɬá]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡiːl̥í]~[ɡiːɬí]</span> </td> <td>'not', 'dog' </td> <td>In free variation with affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɬ/</span> among some speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchihara201642_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchihara201642-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also an alternative pronunciation of voiceless lateral approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥]</span>, a realization of cluster <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hl/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUchihara201645_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUchihara201645-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_language" title="Chickasaw language">Chickasaw</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordonMunroLadefoged2002287_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordonMunroLadefoged2002287-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chickasaw-language text"><i lang="cic-Latn"><b>lh</b>ipa</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬipa]</span> </td> <td>'it is dry' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taishanese" title="Taishanese">Taishanese</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">三</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬäm˧]</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">'three' </td> <td>Corresponds to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span> in Standard <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinghua" title="Pinghua">Pinghua</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pu-Xian_Min" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu-Xian Min">Pu-Xian Min</a> </td> <td><span title="Pu-Xian Chinese-language text"><span lang="cpx"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">沙</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬua˥˧˧]</span> </td> <td>'sand' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chipewyan_language" title="Chipewyan language">Chipewyan</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELi1946398_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELi1946398-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chipewyan-language text"><i lang="chp"><b>ł</b>ue</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬue]</span> </td> <td>'fish' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunn199943_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunn199943-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[p(ə)ɬekət]</span> </td> <td>'shoes' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonSpajićSandsLadefoged199327_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonSpajićSandsLadefoged199327-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬunno]</span> </td> <td>'stew' </td> <td>Contrasts palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʎ̝̊/</span> and <a href="/wiki/Labialized" class="mw-redirect" title="Labialized">labialized</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬʷ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonSpajićSandsLadefoged199341_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonSpajićSandsLadefoged199341-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Deg_Xinag_language" title="Deg Xinag language">Deg Xinag</a> </td> <td><span title="Degexit'an-language text"><i lang="ing">xindigixidini<b>ł</b>an'</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[xintikixitiniɬʔanʔ]</span> </td> <td>'she is teaching them' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dogrib_language" title="Dogrib language">Dogrib</a> </td> <td><span title="Tlicho-language text"><i lang="dgr"><b>ł</b>o</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬo]</span> </td> <td>'smoke' </td> <td>Contrasts voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɮ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColeman19768_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColeman19768-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eyak_language" title="Eyak language">Eyak</a> </td> <td><span title="Eyak-language text"><i lang="eya-Latn">qe<b>ł</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[qʰɛʔɬ]</span> </td> <td>'woman' </td> <td>Contrasts approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrauss2016167_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrauss2016167-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fali_languages_(Cameroon)" title="Fali languages (Cameroon)">Fali</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[paɬkan]</span> </td> <td>'shoulder' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Nenets_language" title="Forest Nenets language">Forest Nenets</a> </td> <td><span title="Nenets-language text"><span lang="yrk"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">ха<b>р</b>у</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[xaɬʲu]</span> </td> <td>'rain' </td> <td>Contrasts <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalized</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬʲ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalminen2007365_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalminen2007365-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_language" title="Greenlandic language">Greenlandic</a> </td> <td><span title="Greenlandic-language text"><i lang="kl">i<b>ll</b>u</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iɬɬu]</span> </td> <td>'house' </td> <td>Realization of underlying geminate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStefanelli201930_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStefanelli201930-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_phonology" title="Greenlandic phonology">Greenlandic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESandsMaddiesonLadefoged199368_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESandsMaddiesonLadefoged199368-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Hadza-language text"><i lang="hts"><b>sl</b>eme</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬeme]</span> </td> <td>'man' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnrico200310_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnrico200310-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Haida-language text"><i lang="hai-Latn">tla'ún<b>hl</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɬʰʌʔʊ́nɬ]</span> </td> <td>'six' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Halkomelem" title="Halkomelem">Halkomelem</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalloway19772–3_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalloway19772–3-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2024)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td><span title="Halkomelem-language text"><i lang="hur"><b>ɬ<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></b>eqw</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬeqw]</span> </td> <td>'wet' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saaroa_language" title="Saaroa language">Hla'alua</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPan201222–23_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPan201222–23-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Saaroa-language text"><i lang="sxr"><b>lh</b>atenge</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPan2012169_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPan2012169-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬɑtɨŋɨ]</span> </td> <td>'vegetable' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hlai_languages" title="Hlai languages">Hlai</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬa⁵³~ɬa³³]</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOstapirat2008625_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOstapirat2008625-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>'fish' </td> <td>Contrasts voiced approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYuan19941–2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYuan19941–2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a> </td> <td><span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn"><a href="/wiki/Romanized_Popular_Alphabet" title="Romanized Popular Alphabet"><b>hl</b>i</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/Lhi.ogg\/Lhi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u026ci]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Lhi.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Lhi.ogg/Lhi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬi]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Lhi.ogg" title="File:Lhi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td> <td>'moon' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut" title="Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a> </td> <td><span title="Inuktitut-language text"><span lang="iu"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">ᐊᒃ<b>ᖤ</b>ᒃ</a></span></span> <span title="Inuktitut-language romanization"><i lang="iu-Latn">ak<b>ł</b>ak</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[akɬak]</span> </td> <td>'grizzly bear' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Inuit_phonology" title="Inuit phonology">Inuit phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a> </td> <td><span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>лъ</b>ы</a></span></span> / <span title="Kabardian-language text"><span lang="kbd-Arab" dir="rtl"><b>ݪ</b>‍ہ‍</span></span> / <span title="Kabardian-language text"><i lang="kbd-Latn"><b>ĺ</b>ı</i></span> </td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3c\/Circassian_%D0%9B%D1%8A.ogg\/Circassian_%D0%9B%D1%8A.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u026c\u0259]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Circassian \u041b\u044a.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Circassian_%D0%9B%D1%8A.ogg/Circassian_%D0%9B%D1%8A.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬə]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Circassian_%D0%9B%D1%8A.ogg" title="File:Circassian Лъ.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td> <td>'blood' </td> <td>Contrasts voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɮ/</span> and <a href="/wiki/Glottalic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glottalic">glottalic</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬʼ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuipers196018_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuipers196018-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kaska_language" title="Kaska language">Kaska</a> </td> <td><i>tsį̄<b>ł</b></i> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tsʰĩːɬ]</span> </td> <td>'axe' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Gamale Kham</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Gamale Kham-language text"><span lang="kgj"><a href="/wiki/Devan%C4%81gar%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanāgarī">ह्ला</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬɐ]</span> </td> <td>'leaf' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Khroskyabs_language" title="Khroskyabs language">Khroskyabs</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>? </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ-sá]</span> </td> <td>'kill' (<a href="/wiki/Causative" title="Causative">causative</a>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lillooet_language" title="Lillooet language">Lillooet</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Eijk19972_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Eijk19972-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Lillooet-language text"><i lang="lil"><b>lh</b>ésp</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬə́sp]</span> </td> <td>'rash'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Eijk199764_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Eijk199764-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lushootseed_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lushootseed language">Lushootseed</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeck19992_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeck19992-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Lushootseed-language text"><i lang="lut"><b>ł</b>ukʷa<b>ł</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬukʷaɬ]</span> </td> <td>'sun' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_language" title="Mapuche language">Mapudungun</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Mapudungun-language text"><i lang="arn"><a href="/wiki/Mapudungun_alphabet" title="Mapudungun alphabet">kaü<b>l</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kɜˈɘɬ]</span> </td> <td>'a different song' </td> <td>Possible utterance-final allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mochica_language" title="Mochica language">Mochica</a> </td> <td><span title="Mochica-language text"><i lang="omc">pa<b>xll</b>ær</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[paɬøɾ]</span> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_lunatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaseolus lunatus">Phaseolus lunatus</a></i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Moloko_language" title="Moloko language">Moloko</a> </td> <td><span title="Moloko-language text"><i lang="mlw"><b>sl</b>a</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬa]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cow</a>' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a> </td> <td><span title="Mongolian-language text"><span lang="mn-Cyrl"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>лх</b>агва</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈɬaw̜ɐk]</span> </td> <td>'Wednesday' </td> <td>Only in loanwords from Tibetan;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaMukhanova_KarlssonFranzen200530–33_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaMukhanova_KarlssonFranzen200530–33-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> here from <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ལྷག་པ (page does not exist)">ལྷག་པ</a> <i>(lhag-pa)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Muscogee_language" title="Muscogee language">Muscogee</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin201147_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin201147-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Creek-language text"><i lang="mus">pá<b>ɬ</b>ko</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pəɬko]</span> </td> <td>'grape' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> </td> <td><span title="Nahuatl languages collective text"><i lang="nah"><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl_orthography" title="Nahuatl orthography">ā<b>l</b>tepētl</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aːɬˈtɛpɛːt͡ɬ]</span> </td> <td>'city' </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> </td> <td><span title="Navajo-language text"><i lang="nv"><b>ł</b>aʼ</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬaʔ]</span> </td> <td>'some' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Navajo_phonology" title="Navajo phonology">Navajo phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a_language" title="Nisga'a language">Nisga'a</a> </td> <td><span title="Nisga'a-language text"><i lang="ncg"><b>hl</b>oks</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬoks]</span> </td> <td>'sun' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B8ndersk" title="Trøndersk">Trøndersk</a> </td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">ta<b>tl</b>ete</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɑɬɑt]</span> </td> <td>'weak', 'small' </td> <td>Contrasts alveolar approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>, apical postalveolar approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɭ/</span>, and laminal postalveolar approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l̠/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEndresenSimonsen2000246_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEndresenSimonsen2000246-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬu³³]</span> </td> <td>'to fry' </td> <td>Contrasts approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmondsonEslingLama201788_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmondsonEslingLama201788-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nuxalk_language" title="Nuxalk language">Nuxalk</a> </td> <td><span title="Nuxalk-language text"><i lang="blc">p<b>ł</b>t</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pɬt]</span> </td> <td>'thick' </td> <td>Contrasts with affricates <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ɬʰ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ɬʼ/</span>, and approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewman1947129_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewman1947129-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Saanich_dialect" title="Saanich dialect">Saanich</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMontler1986_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMontler1986-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Straits Salish-language text"><i lang="str"><b>Ƚ</b>el</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬəl]</span> </td> <td>'splash' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a> </td> <td><span title="Sandawe-language text"><i lang="sad"><b>lh</b>aa</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬáː]</span> </td> <td>'goat' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sassarese_language" title="Sassarese language">Sassarese</a> </td> <td><span title="Sassarese-language text"><i lang="sdc">mo<b>r</b>thu</i></span> </td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Sdc-Moltu.wav\/Sdc-Moltu.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u02c8mo\u026ctu]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Sdc-Moltu.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Sdc-Moltu.wav/Sdc-Moltu.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmoɬtu]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdc-Moltu.wav" title="File:Sdc-Moltu.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td> <td>'dead' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sawi_language_(Dardic)" title="Sawi language (Dardic)">Sawi</a> </td> <td><span title="Savi-language text"><span lang="sdg" dir="rtl"><b>ڷ</b>و</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬo]</span> </td> <td>'three'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiljegren200934_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiljegren200934-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Contrasts approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiljegren200931_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiljegren200931-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed from earlier <i>*tr-</i> consonant cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiljegren200936_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiljegren200936-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shuswap_language" title="Shuswap language">Shuswap</a> </td> <td><span title="Shuswap-language text"><i lang="shs"><b>ɬ</b>ept</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬept]</span> </td> <td>'fire is out'<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sotho_language" title="Sotho language">Sotho</a> </td> <td><span title="Sotho-language text"><i lang="st">ho <b>hl</b>a<b>hl</b>oba</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ho<span class="wrap"> </span>ɬɑɬɔbɑ]</span> </td> <td>'to examine' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Sotho_phonology" title="Sotho phonology">Sotho phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4mtland_dialects" title="Jämtland dialects">Jämtlandic</a> </td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">ka<b>ll</b>t</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaɬt]</span> </td> <td>'cold' </td> <td>Also occurs in dialects in <a href="/wiki/Dalarna" title="Dalarna">Dalarna</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4rjedalen" title="Härjedalen">Härjedalen</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Swedish_phonology" title="Swedish phonology">Swedish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Västerbotten dialect </td> <td><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">behl</i></span> </td> <td>[beɬ:] </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">bridle</a>' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Taos_language" title="Taos language">Taos</a> </td> <td><span title="Northern Tiwa-language text"><i lang="twf"><b>ł</b>iwéna</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬìˈwēnæ]</span> </td> <td>'wife' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Taos_phonology" title="Taos phonology">Taos phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tera_language" title="Tera language">Tera</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETench2007228_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETench2007228-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Tera-language text"><i lang="ttr"><b>tl</b>eebi</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬè̞ːbi]</span> </td> <td>'side' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thao_language" title="Thao language">Thao</a> </td> <td><span title="Thao-language text"><i lang="ssf">ki<b>lh</b>pul</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kiɬpul]</span> </td> <td>'star' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a> </td> <td><span title="Tlingit-language text"><i lang="tli"><b>l</b>ingít</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬɪ̀nkɪ́tʰ]</span> </td> <td>'Tlingit' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Toda_language" title="Toda language">Toda</a> </td> <td><span title="Toda-language text"><i lang="tcx-Latn">ka<b>ł</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kaɬ]</span> </td> <td>'to learn' </td> <td>Contrasts <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l<span class="wrap"> </span>ɬ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɭ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɭ̊˔<span class="wrap"> </span>(ꞎ)/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200366_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnamurti200366-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_dialects" title="Ukrainian dialects">Poltava subdialect</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">мо<b>л</b>око</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɔɬɔˈkɔ]</span> </td> <td>'milk' </td> <td>Occurs only in Poltava subdialect of Central Dniprovian dialect. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tsez_language" title="Tsez language">Tsez</a> </td> <td><span title="Dido-language text"><span lang="ddo"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script"><b>лъ</b>и</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/Lhi.ogg\/Lhi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u026ci]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Lhi.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Lhi.ogg/Lhi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬi]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Lhi.ogg" title="File:Lhi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> </td> <td>'water' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gin_people#Language" title="Gin people">Gin dialect</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWei200614_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWei200614-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><span lang="vi-Hani">小</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬiu˧]</span> </td> <td>'small' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHannahs201318_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHannahs201318-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">tege<b>ll</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɛɡɛɬ]</span> </td> <td>'kettle' </td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELe_Doeuff20206_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELe_Doeuff20206-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Xhosa-language text"><i lang="xh">si<b>hl</b>ala</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[síˈɬaːla]</span> </td> <td>'we stay' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Xumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Xumi language">Xumi</a> </td> <td>Lower<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChen2013365,_367–368_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChen2013365,_367–368-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʁul̥o˦]</span> </td> <td>'head' </td> <td rowspan="2">Described as an approximant. Contrasts with the voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChen2013365,_367–368_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChen2013365,_367–368-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChenKocjančič_Antolík2013382–383_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChenKocjančič_Antolík2013382–383-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Upper<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChenKocjančič_Antolík2013382–383_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChirkovaChenKocjančič_Antolík2013382–383-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bə˦l̥ä̝˦]</span> </td> <td>'to open a lock' </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Yurok_language" title="Yurok language">Yurok</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Yurok-language text"><i lang="yur">ker<b>hl</b></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kɚɬ]</span> </td> <td>'earring' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> </td> <td><span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu"><a href="/wiki/Zulu_language#Orthography" title="Zulu language">i<b>hl</b>a<b>hl</b>a</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[iɬaɬa]</span> </td> <td>'twig' </td> <td>Contrasts voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɮ/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPoulosMsimang1998480_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPoulosMsimang1998480-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zuni_language" title="Zuni language">Zuni</a> </td> <td><span title="Zuni-language text"><i lang="zun-Latn">asdem<b>ł</b>a</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʔastemɬan]</span> </td> <td>'ten' </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alveolar_approximant">Alveolar approximant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Alveolar approximant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language </th> <th>Word </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a> </td> <td>Western Aleut </td> <td><span title="Aleut-language text"><i lang="ale"><b>hl</b>ax̂</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥aχ]</span> </td> <td>'boy' </td> <td>Contrasts with voiced /l/. Merged in Eastern Aleut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffRozelleChoLadefoged2001234_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffRozelleChoLadefoged2001234-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a> </td> <td><span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">လှ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥a̰]</span> </td> <td>'beautiful' </td> <td>Contrasts with voiced /l/. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> </td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">p<b>l</b>ads</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpl̥æs]</span> </td> <td>'square' </td> <td>Before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>, aspiration of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span> is realized as devoicing of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Danish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiff dialect">Cardiff</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet"><i>p<b>l</b>us</i></a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pl̥ʌ̝s]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'plus'</td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk dialect">Norfolk</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009168_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009168-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian alphabet">mah<b>l</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɑ̝hːl̥]</span> </td> <td>'juice' </td> <td>Word-final allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> after <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t,<span class="wrap"> </span>s,<span class="wrap"> </span>h/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Estonian_phonology" title="Estonian phonology">Estonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> </td> <td><span title="Faroese-language text"><i lang="fo"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_orthography" title="Faroese orthography">hjá<b>l</b>pa</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[jɔl̥pa]</span> </td> <td>'to help' </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> before <a href="/wiki/Fortis_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortis (linguistics)">fortis</a> plosives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011124_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011124-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Iaai_language" title="Iaai language">Iaai</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥iʈ]</span> </td> <td>'black' </td> <td>Contrasts with voiced /l/. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a> </td> <td><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><b>hl</b>aða</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥aːða]</span> </td> <td>'barn' </td> <td>Contrasts with voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>. Allophonic variation of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> before fortis plosives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011110_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011110-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Icelandic phonology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern Sámi</a> </td> <td>Eastern Inland </td> <td><span title="Northern Sami-language text"><i lang="se">bá<b>l</b>kká</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pæl̥kæ]</span> </td> <td>'salary' </td> <td>Allophone of underlying cluster <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/lh/</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022154_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022154-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pipil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipil language">Pipil</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="3"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (October 2021)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td>Contrasted voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> in some now-extinct dialects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Nambikwara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Nambikwara language">Southern Nambikwara</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetto2018127-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[haˈlawl̥u]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Cane_toad" title="Cane toad">cane toad</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetto2018127-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Allophonic variation of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENetto2018127-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_Tibetan" title="Lhasa Tibetan">Tibetan</a> </td> <td><span title="Standard Tibetan-language text"><i lang="bo-Latn"><b>Lh</b>asa</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥asa]</span> </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Lhasa" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>' </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Standard</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">смис<b>л</b></a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s̪mɪs̪l̥]</span> </td> <td>'sense' </td> <td>Word-final allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> after voiceless consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Velarized_dental_or_alveolar_approximant">Velarized dental or alveolar approximant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Velarized dental or alveolar approximant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="clear: both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td>Some <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a> speakers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_alphabet" title="English alphabet"><i>p<b>l</b>us</i></a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pɫ̥ɯs]</span></td> <td>'plus'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">yo<b>l</b></a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈjo̞ɫ̟̊]</span> </td> <td>'way' </td> <td>Devoiced allophone of velarized dental <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɫ/</span>, frequent finally and before voiceless consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semitic_languages">Semitic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Semitic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sound is conjectured as a phoneme for <a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language" title="Proto-Semitic language">Proto-Semitic language</a>, usually transcribed as <span title="Semitic languages romanization"><i lang="sem-Latn">ś</i></span>; it has evolved into Arabic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s]</span>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="14%">Proto-Semitic </th> <th width="14%"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> </th> <th width="14%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </th> <th width="14%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician</a> </th> <th width="14%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Hebrew</a> </th> <th width="14%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> </th> <th width="14%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>ś </th> <td>s̠ </td> <td>ش</td> <td>š </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="š"><img alt="š" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/16px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/24px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/32px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span></td> <td>š </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שׂ</span>‎</td> <td>s </td> <td>ܫ</td> <td>s </td> <td>ሠ</td> <td>ś </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a>, the sound still exists in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Soqotri_language" title="Soqotri language">Soqotri</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mehri_language" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Ge'ez, it is written with the letter <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aawt" title="Śawt">Śawt</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative">Voiceless lateral-median fricative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Voiceless lateral-median fricative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʪ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">θ̠ˡ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ͡θ̠</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ͡s</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless dental lateral–median fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʪ̪</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">θˡ</span></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɬ̪͡θ</span></span></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative</b> (also known as a "lisp" fricative) is a consonantal sound. Consonants is pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Features_2">Features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>. However, it does not have the grooved tongue and directed airflow, or the high frequencies, of a sibilant.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar</a>, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ridge">alveolar ridge</a>, termed respectively <i><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">apical</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">laminal</a></i>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">lateral consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Occurrence_2">Occurrence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic dialects">Arabic</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%CA%BDAsir_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="ʽAsir Province">Al-Rubūʽah</a> dialect </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الضيم</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[aθˡˁːajm]</span> </td> <td>'anguish'<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Classical Arabic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">*ɮˁ</span> and Modern Standard Arabic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dˤ]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>[dialect missing] </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><b>ظ</b>امئ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʪæːmiː]</span> </td> <td>'thirsty' </td> <td>Classical and Modern Standard Arabic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ðˤ]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capital_letter">Capital letter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Capital letter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unicode_0xA7AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA7AD.svg/110px-Unicode_0xA7AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA7AD.svg/165px-Unicode_0xA7AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Unicode_0xA7AD.svg/220px-Unicode_0xA7AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>Capital letter L with belt</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the IPA letter "ɬ" has been adopted into the standard orthographies for many native North American languages, a capital letter L with belt "Ɬ" was requested by academics and added to the <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode Standard">Unicode Standard</a> version 7.0 in 2014 at U+A7AD.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives" title="Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives">Voiced dental and alveolar lateral fricatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~krussll/phonetics/narrower/dark-l.html">"Dark L"</a>. <i>home.cc.umanitoba.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=home.cc.umanitoba.ca&rft.atitle=Dark+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.cc.umanitoba.ca%2F~krussll%2Fphonetics%2Fnarrower%2Fdark-l.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPike194371,_138–9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPike194371,_138–9_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPike1943">Pike (1943)</a>, pp. 71, 138–9.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPike1943 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShadle200037–8-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShadle200037–8_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShadle2000">Shadle (2000)</a>, pp. 37–8.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFShadle2000 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallRahilly1999" class="citation book cs1">Ball, Martin J.; Rahilly, Joan (1999). <i>Phonetics: the science of speech</i>. London: Arnold. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-70009-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-70009-9"><bdi>978-0-340-70009-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Phonetics%3A+the+science+of+speech&rft.place=London&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-340-70009-9&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=Rahilly%2C+Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon2004290_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordon2004">Gordon (2004)</a>, p. 290.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFGordon2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELodge2009168-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009168_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELodge2009168_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLodge2009">Lodge (2009)</a>, p. 168.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLodge2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollinsMees1990">Collins & Mees (1990)</a>, p. 93.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFCollinsMees1990 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005154_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrønnum2005">Grønnum (2005)</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedJohnson2014" class="citation book cs1">Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (3 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4XaAgAAQBAJ"><i>A Course in Phonetics</i></a>. Cengage Learning. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-305-17718-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-305-17718-5"><bdi>978-1-305-17718-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+in+Phonetics&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2014-01-03&rft.isbn=978-1-305-17718-5&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4XaAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonough2003" class="citation book cs1">McDonough, Joyce (2003). <i>The Navajo Sound System</i>. Cambridge: Kluwer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4020-1351-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4020-1351-5"><bdi>1-4020-1351-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Navajo+Sound+System&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-4020-1351-5&rft.aulast=McDonough&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaver1994" class="citation book cs1">Laver, John (1994). <i>Principles of Phonetics</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 257–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-45655-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-45655-X"><bdi>0-521-45655-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Phonetics&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=257-258&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-45655-X&rft.aulast=Laver&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Y.2000" class="citation book cs1">Henry Y., Chang (2000). <i>噶瑪蘭語參考語法</i> [<i>Kavalan Grammar</i>]. Taipei: 遠流 (Yuan-Liou). pp. 43–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9573238985" title="Special:BookSources/9573238985"><bdi>9573238985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%99%B6%E7%91%AA%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95&rft.place=Taipei&rft.pages=43-45&rft.pub=%E9%81%A0%E6%B5%81+%28Yuan-Liou%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9573238985&rft.aulast=Henry+Y.&rft.aufirst=Chang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996203-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996203_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a>, p. 203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b77-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b77_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlau2010">Blau (2010</a>:77)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b69-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b69_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b69_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlau2010">Blau (2010</a>:69)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r73-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r73_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRendsburg1997">Rendsburg (1997</a>:73)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelge" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helge_Fauskanger" title="Helge Fauskanger">Helge, Fauskanger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm">"Sindarin – the Noble Tongue"</a>. <i>Ardalambion</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ardalambion&rft.atitle=Sindarin+%E2%80%93+the+Noble+Tongue&rft.aulast=Helge&rft.aufirst=Fauskanger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolk.uib.no%2Fhnohf%2Fsindarin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelge" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helge_Fauskanger" title="Helge Fauskanger">Helge, Fauskanger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folk.uib.no/hnohf/qcourse.htm">"Quenya Course"</a>. <i>Ardalambion</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ardalambion&rft.atitle=Quenya+Course&rft.aulast=Helge&rft.aufirst=Fauskanger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolk.uib.no%2Fhnohf%2Fqcourse.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonWright199547-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddiesonWright199547_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaddiesonWright1995">Maddieson & Wright (1995)</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino201388,_91_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadowskyPainequeoSalamancaAvelino2013">Sadowsky et al. 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(2001)</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBasbøll2005">Basbøll (2005)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAsuTeras2009368_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAsuTeras2009">Asu & Teras (2009)</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011124-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011124_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÁrnason2011">Árnason (2011)</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011110-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011110_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÁrnason2011">Árnason (2011)</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022154-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAikioYlikoski2022154_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAikioYlikoski2022">Aikio & Ylikoski (2022)</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAquino2019228_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAquino2019">Aquino (2019)</a>, p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENetto2018127-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENetto2018127_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNetto2018">Netto (2018)</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko199510_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDanyenkoVakulenko1995">Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995)</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999154–155_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimmerOrgun1999">Zimmer & Orgun (1999)</a>, pp. 154–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe2003" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Darin (2003). <i>Segmental Phonology</i>. 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FileFormat.Info<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fileformat.info&rft.atitle=Unicode+Character+%27LATIN+CAPITAL+LETTER+L+WITH+BELT%27+%28U%2BA7AD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fileformat.info%2Finfo%2Funicode%2Fchar%2Fa7ad%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsuTeras2009" class="citation journal cs1">Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs002510030999017x">"Estonian"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>39</b> (3): 367–372. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs002510030999017x">10.1017/s002510030999017x</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Estonian&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367-372&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs002510030999017x&rft.aulast=Asu&rft.aufirst=Eva+Liina&rft.au=Teras%2C+Pire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fs002510030999017x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Basb%C3%B8ll" title="Hans Basbøll">Basbøll, Hans</a> (2005). <i>The Phonology of Danish</i>. 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Daneyko, Thora; Münch, Alla; Ladygina, Alina; Buch, Armin; Clarius, Natalie; Grigorjew, Ilja; Balabel, Mohamed; Moga, Hizniye Isabella; Baysarova, Zalina; Mühlenbern, Roland; Wahle, Johannes; Jäger, Gerhard (2020) [30 November 2019]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067722">"NorthEuraLex: a wide-coverage lexical database of Northern Eurasia"</a>. <i>Language Resources and Evaluation</i>. <b>54</b> (1): 273–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10579-019-09480-6">10.1007/s10579-019-09480-6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7067722">7067722</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32214931">32214931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Resources+and+Evaluation&rft.atitle=NorthEuraLex%3A+a+wide-coverage+lexical+database+of+Northern+Eurasia&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=273-301&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7067722%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32214931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10579-019-09480-6&rft.aulast=Dellert&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft.au=Daneyko%2C+Thora&rft.au=M%C3%BCnch%2C+Alla&rft.au=Ladygina%2C+Alina&rft.au=Buch%2C+Armin&rft.au=Clarius%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Grigorjew%2C+Ilja&rft.au=Balabel%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=Moga%2C+Hizniye+Isabella&rft.au=Baysarova%2C+Zalina&rft.au=M%C3%BChlenbern%2C+Roland&rft.au=Wahle%2C+Johannes&rft.au=J%C3%A4ger%2C+Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7067722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Official database: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northeuralex.org/languages/ava">"Language Avar"</a>. <i>NorthEuraLax</i>. <q>[Table:] Concept: THREE | Orthographic form: лъабго | Automatically generated IPA: ɬabɡo</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NorthEuraLax&rft.atitle=Language+Avar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeuralex.org%2Flanguages%2Fava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdel-Massih2011" class="citation book cs1">Abdel-Massih, Ernest T. (2011) [1971]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/94551/39015087418631.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"><i>A Reference Grammar of Tamazight</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F94551">2027.42/94551</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60785-222-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60785-222-3"><bdi>978-1-60785-222-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Reference+Grammar+of+Tamazight&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F94551&rft.isbn=978-1-60785-222-3&rft.aulast=Abdel-Massih&rft.aufirst=Ernest+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2027.42%2F94551%2F39015087418631.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lin, Hui-shan (1 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twlls.org.tw/jtll/documents/13.1-4.pdf">"郡社布農語的「三疊式」"</a> [Triplication in Isbukun Bunun] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>臺灣語文研究</i> [<i>Journal of Taiwanese Languages and Literature</i>] (in Chinese). <b>13</b> (1). Taiwan Languages & Literature Society: 125–153. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6710%2FJTLL.201804_13%281%29.0004">10.6710/JTLL.201804_13(1).0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1726-5185">1726-5185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.atitle=%E9%83%A1%E7%A4%BE%E5%B8%83%E8%BE%B2%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%89%E7%96%8A%E5%BC%8F%E3%80%8D&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=125-153&rft.date=2018-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6710%2FJTLL.201804_13%281%29.0004&rft.issn=1726-5185&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Hui-shan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twlls.org.tw%2Fjtll%2Fdocuments%2F13.1-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWei2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wei, Shu-guan (March 2006) [25 October 2005]. "中国京语的变异" [The Variations of Chinese Jing Dialect]. <i>广西民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版）</i> [<i>Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Editition)</i>]. <b>28</b> (2): 13–18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%EF%BC%88%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%AC%E8%AF%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13-18&rft.date=2006-03&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Shu-guan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefanelli2019" class="citation thesis cs1">Stefanelli, Alex Matthew (August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1866/23739/Stefanelli_Alex_2019_memoire.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y"><i>Consonant gemination in West Greenlandic</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Master's). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Montreal">University of Montreal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1866%2F23739">1866/23739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Consonant+gemination+in+West+Greenlandic&rft.inst=University+of+Montreal&rft.date=2019-08&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1866%2F23739&rft.aulast=Stefanelli&rft.aufirst=Alex+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapyrus.bib.umontreal.ca%2Fxmlui%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1866%2F23739%2FStefanelli_Alex_2019_memoire.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPan2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Pan, Chia-jung (1 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/32386/1/32386_Pan_2012_thesis.pdf"><i>A grammar of Lha'alua, an Austronesian language of Taiwan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/James_Cook_University" title="James Cook University">James Cook University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+grammar+of+Lha%27alua%2C+an+Austronesian+language+of+Taiwan&rft.inst=James+Cook+University&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=Chia-jung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchonline.jcu.edu.au%2F32386%2F1%2F32386_Pan_2012_thesis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannahs2013" class="citation book cs1">Hannahs, S. J. (31 October 2013). "A Survey of Welsh Phonetics: Phonetics and Segment Inventories". <i>The Phonology of Welsh</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 13–27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199601233.003.0002">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601233.003.0002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199601233" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199601233"><bdi>978-0199601233</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Survey+of+Welsh+Phonetics%3A+Phonetics+and+Segment+Inventories&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Welsh&rft.pages=13-27&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199601233.003.0002&rft.isbn=978-0199601233&rft.aulast=Hannahs&rft.aufirst=S.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyaoka2012" class="citation book cs1">Miyaoka, Osahito (2012). "Phonological preliminaries". In Bossong, Georg; Comrie, Bernard; Dryer, Matthew (eds.). <i>A Grammar of Central Alaskan Yupik (CAY)</i>. Vol. 58. <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter_Mouton" class="mw-redirect" title="De Gruyter Mouton">De Gruyter Mouton</a>. pp. 36–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110278576">10.1515/9783110278576</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-027820-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-027820-0"><bdi>978-3-11-027820-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0933-7636">0933-7636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phonological+preliminaries&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Central+Alaskan+Yupik+%28CAY%29&rft.pages=36-82&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0933-7636&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110278576&rft.isbn=978-3-11-027820-0&rft.aulast=Miyaoka&rft.aufirst=Osahito&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUchihara2016" class="citation book cs1">Uchihara, Hiroto (March 2016). "Segmental inventory". <i>Tone and Accent in Oklahoma Cherokee</i>. Oxford Studies of Endangered Languages. 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Helsinki. pp. 349–372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789525150957" title="Special:BookSources/9789525150957"><bdi>9789525150957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Notes+on+forest+Nenets+phonology&rft.btitle=S%C3%A1mit%2C+s%C3%A1nit%2C+s%C3%A1tneh%C3%A1mit%3A+Riepmo%C4%8D%C3%A1la+Pekka+Sammallahtii+miessem%C3%A1nu+21.+beaivve+2007&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.series=Suomalais-Ugrilaisen+Seuran+Toimituksia&rft.pages=349-372&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789525150957&rft.aulast=Salminen&rft.aufirst=Tapani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgr.fi%2Fsust%2Fsust253%2Fsust253_salminen.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck1999" class="citation book cs1">Beck, David (January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242760291">"Words and Prosodic Phrasing in Lushootseed Narrative"</a>. 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Paris: <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_Nouvelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorbonne Nouvelle">Sorbonne Nouvelle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13140%2FRG.2.2.21510.19520">10.13140/RG.2.2.21510.19520</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+sociolinguistic%2C+phonetic+and+phonological+overview+of+isiXhosa+clicks&rft.inst=Sorbonne+Nouvelle&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13140%2FRG.2.2.21510.19520&rft.aulast=Le+Doeuff&rft.aufirst=Hermelind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoulosMsimang1998" class="citation book cs1">Poulos, George; Msimang, Christian T. (1998). "Aspects of the sound system of Zulu". <i>A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu</i> (1 ed.). Pretoria: Via Afrika. pp. 443–570. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7994-1526-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7994-1526-X"><bdi>0-7994-1526-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aspects+of+the+sound+system+of+Zulu&rft.btitle=A+Linguistic+Analysis+of+Zulu&rft.place=Pretoria&rft.pages=443-570&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Via+Afrika&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7994-1526-X&rft.aulast=Poulos&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Msimang%2C+Christian+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuipers1960" class="citation book cs1">Kuipers, Aert H. (1960). "Phonology". <i>Phoneme and Morpheme in Kabardian</i>. Janua linguarum: Studia memoriae Nicolai van Wijk dedicata. 's-Gravenhage: Mouton & Co. pp. 17–24. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.122.7521">10.1.1.122.7521</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phonology&rft.btitle=Phoneme+and+Morpheme+in+Kabardian&rft.place=%27s-Gravenhage&rft.series=Janua+linguarum%3A+Studia+memoriae+Nicolai+van+Wijk+dedicata&rft.pages=17-24&rft.pub=Mouton+%26+Co&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.122.7521%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft.aulast=Kuipers&rft.aufirst=Aert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandsMaddiesonLadefoged1993" class="citation journal cs1">Sands, Bonny; Maddieson, Ian; Ladefoged, Peter (June 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8k45g432">"The Phonetic Structures of Hadza"</a>. <i>UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics: Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages</i>. <b>84</b>. UCLA: 67–88 – via eScholarship.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Working+Papers+in+Phonetics%3A+Fieldwork+Studies+of+Targeted+Languages&rft.atitle=The+Phonetic+Structures+of+Hadza&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=67-88&rft.date=1993-06&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Bonny&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rft.au=Ladefoged%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F8k45g432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnrico2003" class="citation book cs1">Enrico, John (2003). "Introduction". <i>Haida Syntax</i>. Vol. 1. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 1–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780803218222" title="Special:BookSources/9780803218222"><bdi>9780803218222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Haida+Syntax&rft.pages=1-73&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780803218222&rft.aulast=Enrico&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGalloway1977" class="citation thesis cs1">Galloway, Brent Douglas (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08q2g527">"Phonetics and Phonemics"</a>. <i>A Grammar of Chilliwack Halkomelem</i> (PhD). University of California, Berkeley. pp. 1–35 – via eScholarship.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Grammar+of+Chilliwack+Halkomelem&rft.inst=University+of+California%2C+Berkeley&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Galloway&rft.aufirst=Brent+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F08q2g527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstapirat2008" class="citation book cs1">Ostapirat, Weera (2008). "The Hlai Language". In Diller, Anthony V. N.; Edmonsdon, Jerold A.; Luo, Yongxian (eds.). <i>The Tai-Kadai Languages</i>. Routledge Language Family Series. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 623–652. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F978020364187">10.4324/978020364187</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1457-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1457-5"><bdi>978-0-7007-1457-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hlai+Language&rft.btitle=The+Tai-Kadai+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Series&rft.pages=623-652&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F978020364187&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1457-5&rft.aulast=Ostapirat&rft.aufirst=Weera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYuan1994" class="citation book cs1">Yuan, Zhong-Shu (12 February 1994). "緒論" [Introduction]. <i>黎语语法纲要</i> [<i>An outline of Hlai grammar</i>] (1 ed.). Beijing: Minzu University Press. pp. 1–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7810018922" title="Special:BookSources/7810018922"><bdi>7810018922</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33976573">33976573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E7%B7%92%E8%AB%96&rft.btitle=%E9%BB%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pages=1-22&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Minzu+University+Press&rft.date=1994-02-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33976573&rft.isbn=7810018922&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Zhong-Shu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Eijk1997" class="citation book cs1">Van Eijk, Jan (1 September 1997). <i>The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax</i>. <a href="/wiki/UBC_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="UBC Press">UBC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780774806251" title="Special:BookSources/9780774806251"><bdi>9780774806251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lillooet+Language%3A+Phonology%2C+Morphology%2C+Syntax&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft.isbn=9780774806251&rft.aulast=Van+Eijk&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1947" class="citation journal cs1">Newman, Stanley (July 1947). "Bella Coola I: Phonology". <i>International Journal of American Linguistics</i>. <b>13</b> (3). University of Chicago Press: 129–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F463942">10.1086/463942</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1262907">1262907</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144523894">144523894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+American+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Bella+Coola+I%3A+Phonology&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=129-134&rft.date=1947-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144523894%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1262907%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F463942&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiljegren2009" class="citation journal cs1">Liljegren, Henrik (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-36825">"The Dangari Tongue of Choke and Machoke: Tracing the proto-language of Shina enclaves in the Hindu Kush"</a>. <i>Acta Orientalia</i> (70): 7–62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Orientalia&rft.atitle=The+Dangari+Tongue+of+Choke+and+Machoke%3A+Tracing+the+proto-language+of+Shina+enclaves+in+the+Hindu+Kush&rft.issue=70&rft.pages=7-62&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Liljegren&rft.aufirst=Henrik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.kb.se%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Asu%3Adiva-36825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmondsonEslingLama2017" class="citation journal cs1">Edmondson, Jerold A.; Esling, John H.; Lama, Ziwo (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100315000444">"Nuosu Yi"</a>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>47</b> (1): 87–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100315000444">10.1017/S0025100315000444</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Nuosu+Yi&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-97&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100315000444&rft.aulast=Edmondson&rft.aufirst=Jerold+A.&rft.au=Esling%2C+John+H.&rft.au=Lama%2C+Ziwo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0025100315000444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAikioYlikoski2022" class="citation book cs1">Aikio, Ante; Ylikoski, Jussi (24 June 2022). Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.). <i>North Saami</i>. Oxford Guides to the World's Languages. Oxford University Press. pp. 147–177. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198767664.003.0010">10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198767664" title="Special:BookSources/9780198767664"><bdi>9780198767664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=North+Saami&rft.series=Oxford+Guides+to+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pages=147-177&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022-06-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foso%2F9780198767664.003.0010&rft.isbn=9780198767664&rft.aulast=Aikio&rft.aufirst=Ante&rft.au=Ylikoski%2C+Jussi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+dental+and+alveolar+lateral+fricatives" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.com/2009/07/beth-am-y-llall.html">Beth am y llall?</a> <i>John Wells's phonetic blog</i>, 1 July 2009. (How the British phonetician <a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">John Wells</a> would teach the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span>.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/cardiff/2012/05/03/a-chance-to-share-more-than-just-some-sounds-of-languages-91466-30888494/">A chance to share more than just some sounds of languages</a> <i>walesonline.co.uk</i>, 3 May 2012 (Article by Dr Paul Tench including information on transcribing <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic languages</a>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C9%AC">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=l%CC%A5">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̥]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br />(top: velar;<br />bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels" title="Template:IPA vowels">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Legend: <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded <span style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);">•</span> rounded</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&oldid=1259507523">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives&oldid=1259507523</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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