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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Empire_(1700–1914)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 British Empire (1700–1914) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Empire_(1700–1914)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Wars_(1914–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Wars_(1914–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 World Wars (1914–1945) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Wars_(1914–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postcolonial_era_(1945–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postcolonial_era_(1945–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Postcolonial era (1945–2000) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postcolonial_era_(1945–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Persian_Gulf_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_Gulf_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Persian Gulf War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_Gulf_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balkan_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balkan_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 Balkan conflicts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balkan_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Troubles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Troubles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 The Troubles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Troubles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history_(2000–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history_(2000–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Recent history (2000–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history_(2000–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 War in Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Iraq War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_military_aid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_military_aid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Recent military aid </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_military_aid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baltic_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baltic_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4 Baltic States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baltic_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.5 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Modern army </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_army-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Modern army subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Personnel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Equipment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Equipment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Infantry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Armour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Artillery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protected_mobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_mobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Protected mobility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_mobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineers,_utility_and_signals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineers,_utility_and_signals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Engineers, utility and signals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineers,_utility_and_signals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Aviation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_deployments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_deployments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Current deployments </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_deployments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current deployments subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_deployments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low-intensity_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-intensity_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Low-intensity operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-intensity_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Permanent_overseas_postings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Permanent_overseas_postings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Permanent overseas postings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Permanent_overseas_postings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Allied Rapid Reaction Corps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Field Army </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Home Command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_Forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Special Forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Colonial units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Levels_of_Command" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Levels_of_Command"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Levels of Command </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levels_of_Command-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recruitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recruitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Recruitment </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recruitment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Recruitment subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Recruitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oath_of_allegiance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oath_of_allegiance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Oath of allegiance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oath_of_allegiance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Training </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags_and_ensigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_and_ensigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Flags and ensigns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_and_ensigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Ranks and insignia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Reserve forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Uniforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">British Army</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" > 53 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britse_Le%C3%ABr" title="Britse Leër – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Britse Leër" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الجيش البريطاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجيش البريطاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британска армия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британска армия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_brit%C3%A0nic" title="Exèrcit britànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Exèrcit britànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_arm%C3%A1da" title="Britská armáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Britská armáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Fyddin_Brydeinig" title="Y Fyddin Brydeinig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Fyddin Brydeinig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurbritannia_maav%C3%A4gi" title="Suurbritannia maavägi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurbritannia maavägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9E%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Βρετανικός Στρατός Ξηράς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βρετανικός Στρατός Ξηράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Brit%C3%A1nico" title="Ejército Británico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ejército Británico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brita_Armeo" title="Brita Armeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brita Armeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainiar_Armada" title="Britainiar Armada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainiar Armada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نیروی زمینی بریتانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی زمینی بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_na_Breataine" title="Arm na Breataine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Arm na Breataine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_na_Breatainne" title="Arm na Breatainne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Arm na Breatainne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EC%9C%A1%EA%B5%B0" title="영국 육군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국 육군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Բրիտանական բանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիտանական բանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Britania_Raya" title="Angkatan Darat Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Angkatan Darat Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%90_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="הצבא הבריטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הצבא הבריטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრიტანეთის არმია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიტანეთის არმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Британ әскері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Британ әскері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britu_armija" title="Britu armija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Britu armija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C5%B3_armija" title="Britų armija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Britų armija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80" title="ब्रिटिश आर्मी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रिटिश आर्मी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentera_Darat_British" title="Tentera Darat British – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tentera Darat British" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="イギリス陸軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス陸軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="برطانوی فوج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برطانوی فوج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%88%DA%81" title="د برتانيا فوځ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د برتانيا فوځ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_Brit%C3%A2nico" title="Exército Britânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Exército Britânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armata_Britanic%C4%83" title="Armata Britanică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armata Britanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Британская армия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Британская армия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breetish_Airmy" title="Breetish Airmy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Breetish Airmy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0_%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යුද්ධ හමුදාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය යුද්ධ හමුදාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britsk%C3%A1_arm%C3%A1da" title="Britská armáda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Britská armáda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanska_kopenska_vojska" title="Britanska kopenska vojska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Britanska kopenska vojska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سوپای بەریتانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سوپای بەریتانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="British Army" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannian_armeija" title="Britannian armeija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Britannian armeija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritanniens_arm%C3%A9" title="Storbritanniens armé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storbritanniens armé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="กองทัพบกสหราชอาณาจักร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กองทัพบกสหราชอาณาจักร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanya_Ordusu" title="Britanya Ordusu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Britanya Ordusu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Британська армія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Британська армія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC" title="برطانوی فوج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برطانوی فوج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%A5c_qu%C3%A2n_Anh" title="Lục quân Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lục quân Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Land warfare force of the United Kingdom</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/English_Army" title="English Army">English Army</a> or <a href="/wiki/Scots_Army" title="Scots Army">Scots Army</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">British Army</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/British_Army_Logo.svg/150px-British_Army_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/British_Army_Logo.svg/225px-British_Army_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/British_Army_Logo.svg/300px-British_Army_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="274" /></a> Badge of the British Army<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/British_Army_logo.svg/100px-British_Army_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/British_Army_logo.svg/150px-British_Army_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/British_Army_logo.svg/200px-British_Army_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="297" /></a> Logo since 2018<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1707; 317 years ago (1707-04-01)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[note 1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> (1707–1800)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> (1801–1922)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> (1922–present)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land warfare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>74,296 regular forces personnel (July 2024)<a href="#cite_note-stats-7">[6]</a></li> <li>4,244 <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Gurkhas</a> (July 2024)<a href="#cite_note-stats-7">[6]</a></li> <li>25,394 <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">volunteer reserve</a> personnel (July 2024)<a href="#cite_note-stats-7">[6]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_marches_of_the_British_Armed_Forces#British_Army" title="List of marches of the British Armed Forces">List of marches of the British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_British_Army" title="List of equipment of the British Army">List of equipment of the British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://army.mod.uk">army.mod.uk</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222595#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Head of the Armed Forces">Head of the Armed Forces</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Roland_Walker" title="Roland Walker">Sir Roland Walker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Deputy Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Deputy Chief of the General Staff</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Eastman_(British_Army_officer)" title="David Eastman (British Army officer)">David Eastman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Army_Sergeant_Major" title="Army Sergeant Major">Army Sergeant Major</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_Kingdom)#British_Army" title="Warrant officer (United Kingdom)">Warrant Officer Class 1</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Carney_(British_Army_officer)" title="Paul Carney (British Army officer)">Paul Carney</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/War_flag" title="War flag">War flag</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Non-ceremonial flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <style 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selflink">British Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Army</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_British_Army" title="Structure of the British Army">units and formations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_regiments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British Army regiments">current regiments</a>)</li></ul></div> </div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Administration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Headquarters_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Headquarters (United Kingdom)">Army Headquarters</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Overseas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Germany" title="British Army Germany">British Army Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Cyprus" title="British Forces Cyprus">British Forces Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Military of the Falkland Islands">British Forces South Atlantic Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Brunei" title="British Forces Brunei">British Forces Brunei</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Personnel</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_senior_officers_of_the_British_Army" title="List of senior officers of the British Army">Senior officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">Officer insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Other_Ranks_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army Other Ranks rank insignia">Other ranks insignia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Equipment</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_British_Army" title="List of equipment of the British Army">Current equipment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_British_Army" title="Timeline of the British Army">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_in_the_British_Army" title="Recruitment in the British Army">Recruitment</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#efefef"> Location</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_installations" title="List of British Army installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Army" title="Template:British Army"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Army" title="Template talk:British Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Army"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The British Army is the principal <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">land warfare force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a>, a part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">Naval Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a>. As of 1 July 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit">[update]</a> the British Army comprises 74,296 regular full-time personnel, 4,244 <a href="/wiki/Brigade_of_Gurkhas" title="Brigade of Gurkhas">Gurkhas</a>, 25,934 <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">volunteer reserve</a> personnel and 4,612 "other personnel", for a total of 109,086.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> The British Army traces back to 1707 and the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">formation</a> of the united <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> which joined the Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">single state</a> and, with that, united the <a href="/wiki/English_Army" title="English Army">English Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scots_Army" title="Scots Army">Scots Army</a> as the British Army.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> Members of the British Army swear allegiance to the <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">monarch</a> as their <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[10]</a> since both the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights of 1689</a> and <a href="/wiki/Convention_of_the_Estates" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention of the Estates">Scottish</a> <a href="/wiki/Claim_of_Right_Act_1689" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim of Right Act 1689">Claim of Right Act 1689</a> require parliamentary consent for <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">the Crown</a> to maintain a peacetime <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">standing army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> The army is administered by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> and commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[12]</a> At its inception, being composed primarily of cavalry and infantry, the British Army was one of two Regular Forces (there were also separate Reserve Forces) within the British military (those parts of the British Armed Forces tasked with land warfare, as opposed to the naval forces),<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> with the other having been the Ordnance Military Corps (made up of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sappers_and_Miners" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Sappers and Miners">Royal Sappers and Miners</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a>, which along with the originally civilian <a href="/wiki/Commissariat#19th_century" title="Commissariat">Commissariat Department</a>, stores and supply departments, as well as barracks and other departments, were absorbed into the British Army when the Board of Ordnance was abolished in 1855. Various other civilian departments of the board were absorbed into the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The British Army has seen action in major wars between the world's <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great powers</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World Wars</a>. Britain's victories in most of these decisive wars allowed it to influence world events and establish itself as one of the world's leading <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economic</a> powers.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the British Army has been deployed to a number of conflict zones, often as part of an <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">expeditionary force</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a> force or part of a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a> operation.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">History of the British Army</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/220px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/330px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg/440px-Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Thomas_Fairfax_(1612-1671)_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg/220px-General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg/330px-General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg/440px-General_Thomas_Fairfax_%281612-1671%29_by_Robert_Walker_and_studio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Lord General Thomas Fairfax, the first commander of the New Model Army</figcaption></figure> Until the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a>, neither England or Scotland had had a <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">standing army</a> with professional officers and career corporals and sergeants. England relied on <a href="/wiki/Militia_(English)" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia (English)">militia</a> organised by local officials or private forces mobilised by the nobility, or on hired mercenaries from Europe.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Later_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Later Middle Ages">later Middle Ages</a> until the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, when a foreign expeditionary force was needed, such as the one that <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a> took to France and that fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agincourt" title="Battle of Agincourt">Battle of Agincourt</a> (1415), the army, a professional one, was raised for the duration of the expedition.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the members of the English <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> realised that the use of county militia organised into regional associations (such as the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Association" title="Eastern Association">Eastern Association</a>), often commanded by local members of Parliament (both from the House of Commons and the House of Lords), while more than able to hold their own in the regions which <a href="/wiki/Parliamentarians_(English_Civil_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentarians (English Civil War)">Parliamentarians ('Roundheads")</a> controlled, were unlikely to win the war. So Parliament initiated two actions. The <a href="/wiki/Self-denying_Ordinance" title="Self-denying Ordinance">Self-denying Ordinance</a> forbade members of Parliament (with the notable exception of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, then a member of parliament and future Lord Protector) from serving as officers in the Parliamentary armies. This created a distinction between the civilians in Parliament, who tended to be <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> and conciliatory to the Royalists ("Cavaliers") in nature, and a corps of professional officers, who tended to be Independent (<a href="/wiki/Congregational" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational">Congregational</a>) in theology. The second action was legislation for the creation of a Parliamentary-funded army, commanded by Lord General <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax" title="Thomas Fairfax">Thomas Fairfax</a>, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> (originally phrased "new-modelled Army").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers1968207–211-23">[22]</a> While this proved to be a war-winning formula, the New Model Army, being organised and politically active, went on to dominate the politics of the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">Interregnum</a> and by 1660 was widely disliked. The New Model Army was paid off and disbanded at the later <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(1660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (1660)">Restoration</a> of the monarchy in 1660 with the accession of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>. For many decades the alleged excesses of the New Model Army under <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a> / Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell were used as propaganda (and still feature in Irish folklore) and the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whig Party (England)">Whig Party</a> element recoiled from allowing a standing army to continue with the agreed-upon rights and privileges under the return of a king.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> The militia acts of 1661 and 1662 prevented local authorities from calling up militia and oppressing their own local opponents. Calling up the militia was possible only if the king and local elites agreed to do so.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a> and his "<a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavalier</a>" / Royalist supporters favoured a new army under royal control, and immediately after the Restoration of 1660 to 1661 began working on its establishment.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> The first <a href="/wiki/English_Army#Restoration" title="English Army">English Army</a> regiments, including elements of the disbanded <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a>, were formed between November 1660 and January 1661<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> and became a standing military force for England (financed by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament</a>).<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Clayton2014-29">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Scots Army">Royal Scots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Army_(Kingdom_of_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Army (Kingdom of Ireland)">Irish Armies</a> were financed by the parliaments of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Scotland" title="Parliament of Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Ireland" title="Parliament of Ireland">Ireland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glozier2007-30">[29]</a> Parliamentary control was established by the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689" title="Bill of Rights 1689">Bill of Rights 1689</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claim_of_Right_Act_1689" class="mw-redirect" title="Claim of Right Act 1689">Claim of Right Act 1689</a>, although the monarch continued to influence aspects of army administration until at least the end of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> After the Restoration, King Charles II pulled together four regiments of infantry and cavalry, calling them his guards, at a cost of £122,000 from his general budget. This became the foundation of the permanent English Army. By 1685, it had grown to number 7,500 soldiers in marching regiments, and 1,400 men permanently stationed in garrisons. A <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Rebellion" title="Monmouth Rebellion">Monmouth Rebellion</a> in 1685 allowed successor King <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a> to raise the forces to 20,000 men. There were 37,000 in 1678, when England played a role in the closing stage of the cross-channel <a href="/wiki/Franco-Dutch_War" title="Franco-Dutch War">Franco-Dutch War</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> dual Monarchs <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III</a>, formerly William of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Orange">House of Orange</a>, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Mary_II_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary II of England">Mary II's</a> joint accession to the throne after a short constitutional crisis with Parliament sending Mary's father, predecessor King James II, (who remained a Catholic) during his brief controversial reign, off the throne and into exile. England then involved itself in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Grand_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Grand Alliance">War of the Grand Alliance</a> on the Continent, primarily to prevent a possible French Catholic monarch organizing invasion restoring the exiled James II (Queen Mary's father and still a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>).<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> Later in 1689, William III to solidify his and Mary's hold on the monarchy, expanded the new English army to 74,000, and then a few years later to 94,000 in 1694. Parliament was very nervous and reduced the cadre to 7000 in 1697. Scotland and Ireland had theoretically separate military establishments, but they were unofficially merged with the English Crown force.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_(1659-1722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Oil-on-canvas portrait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg/220px-John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg/330px-John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough</a>, was one of the first generals in the new British Army and fought in the War of the Spanish Succession. He was a noted ancestor of Sir <a href="/wiki/Winston_S._Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Winston S. Churchill">Winston S. Churchill</a>, later famous <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.</figcaption></figure> By the time of the 1707 <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union</a>, many regiments of the English and Scottish armies were combined under one operational command and stationed in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> for the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>. Although all the regiments were now part of the new British military establishment,<a href="#cite_note-Chandler2003-5">[5]</a> they remained under the old operational-command structure and retained much of the institutional ethos, customs and traditions of the standing armies created shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration of the Monarchy</a> 47 years earlier. The order of seniority of the most-senior British Army line regiments is based on that of the earlier English army. Although technically the Scots <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Regiment of Foot">Royal Regiment of Foot</a> was raised in 1633 and is the oldest Regiment of the Line,<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Scottish and Irish regiments were only allowed to take a rank in the English army on the date of their arrival in England (or the date when they were first placed on the English establishment). In 1694, a board of general officers was convened to decide the rank of English, Irish and Scots regiments serving in the Netherlands; the regiment which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Scots_Greys" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots Greys">Scots Greys</a> were designated the 4th Dragoons because there were three English regiments raised prior to 1688 when the Scots Greys were first placed in the English establishment. In 1713, when a new board of general officers was convened to decide the rank of several regiments, the seniority of the Scots Greys was reassessed and based on their June 1685 entry into England. At that time there was only one English regiment of dragoons, and the Scots Greys eventually received the British Army rank of 2nd Dragoons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyal_Scots_Greys184056–57-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Empire_(1700–1914)">British Empire (1700–1914)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British Empire (1700–1914)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="British Army during the American Revolutionary War">British Army during the American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army during the Napoleonic Wars">British Army during the Napoleonic Wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Victorian_Era" title="British Army during the Victorian Era">British Army during the Victorian Era</a></div> After 1700, British continental policy was to contain expansion by competing powers such as France and Spain. Although Spain was the dominant global power during the previous two centuries and the chief threat to England's early trans-Atlantic colonial ambitions, its influence was now waning. The territorial ambitions of the French, however, led to the War of the Spanish Succession<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> and the later <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ma165-38">[37]</a> Although the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> is widely regarded as vital to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, the British Army played an important role in the formation of colonies, <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> British soldiers captured strategically important sites and territories, with the army involved in wars to secure the empire's borders, internal safety and support friendly governments and princes. Among these actions were the French and Indian War / Seven Years' War,<a href="#cite_note-ma106-40">[39]</a> the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma165-38">[37]</a> the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium Wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma102-42">[41]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-boxer-43">[42]</a> the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">New Zealand Wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[43]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Australian_frontier_wars" title="Australian frontier wars">Australian frontier wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion of 1857</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma210-46">[45]</a> the <a href="/wiki/First_Boer_War" title="First Boer War">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">second Boer Wars</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma257-47">[46]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fenian-48">[47]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma282-49">[48]</a> interventions in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (intended to maintain a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a> between <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>)<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (to keep the Russian Empire to the north on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> at a safe distance by aiding the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>).<a href="#cite_note-ma195-51">[50]</a> Like the <a href="/wiki/English_Army" title="English Army">English Army</a>, the British Army fought the kingdoms of Spain, France (including the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>) and the Netherlands (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>) for supremacy in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. With native and provincial and colonial assistance, the Army conquered <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (North American theatre) of the parallel <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a><a href="#cite_note-ma106-40">[39]</a> and suppressed a <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native / Indian North Americans</a> uprising in <a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> The British Army was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, losing the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> but retaining <a href="/wiki/The_Canadas" title="The Canadas">The Canadas</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a> as in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> (originally part of the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a>, and which had been originally strongly sympathetic to the American colonial rebels early in the war).<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax, Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> were to become <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortresses</a> (although Bermuda, being safer from attack over water and impervious to attack overland, quickly became the most important in British North America), along with <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, providing bases in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> for <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> squadrons to control the oceans and trade routes, and heavily garrisoned by the British Army both for defence of the bases and to provide mobile military forces to work with the Navy in amphibious operations throughout their regions.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Panoramic painting of the Battle of Waterloo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG/250px-Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG/375px-Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG/500px-Battle_of_Waterloo_1815.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal von Blücher">Field Marshal von Blücher</a>'s triumph over <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> at the <a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Waterloo_(painting,_Sadler_II)" title="The Battle of Waterloo (painting, Sadler II)">Battle of Waterloo</a></figcaption></figure> The British Army was heavily involved in the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, participating in a number of campaigns in Europe (including continuous deployment in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, North Africa and <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">North America</a>. The war between the British and the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> stretched around the world; at its peak in 1813, the regular army contained over 250,000 men. A coalition of Anglo-Dutch and Prussian armies under the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Wellington">Duke of Wellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal von Blücher">Field Marshal von Blücher</a> finally defeated Napoleon at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Waterloo</a> in 1815.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> The English were involved politically and militarily in Ireland. The campaign of English republican Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> involved uncompromising treatment of the Irish towns (most notably <a href="/wiki/Drogheda" title="Drogheda">Drogheda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a>) which supported the Royalists during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. The English Army (and the subsequent British Army) remained in Ireland primarily to suppress Irish revolts or disorder. In addition to its conflict with Irish nationalists, it was faced with the prospect of battling Anglo-Irish and <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster Scots</a> in Ireland who were angered by unfavourable taxation of Irish produce imported into Britain. With other Irish groups, they raised a volunteer army and threatened to emulate the American colonists if their conditions were not met. Learning from their experience in America, the British government sought a political solution. The British Army fought Irish rebels—Protestant and Catholic—primarily in <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> (<a href="/wiki/Theobald_Wolfe_Tone" class="mw-redirect" title="Theobald Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone's</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Irishmen" class="mw-redirect" title="United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 rebellion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painting of the Battle of Rorke's Drift, with a building burning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5001" data-file-height="2967" /></a><figcaption>In the 1879 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke%27s_Drift" title="Battle of Rorke's Drift">Battle of Rorke's Drift</a>, a small British force repelled an attack by overwhelming Zulu forces; eleven <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Crosses</a> were awarded for its defence.</figcaption></figure> In addition to battling the armies of other European empires (and its former colonies, the United States, in the <a href="/wiki/American_War_of_1812" class="mw-redirect" title="American War of 1812">American War of 1812</a>),<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second <a href="/wiki/Opium_Wars" title="Opium Wars">Opium Wars</a><a href="#cite_note-ma102-42">[41]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a>,<a href="#cite_note-boxer-43">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars,<a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's</a> forces and <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> mutineers in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion of 1857</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma257-47">[46]</a> the Boers in the first and second Boer Wars,<a href="#cite_note-ma257-47">[46]</a> Irish <a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenians</a> in Canada during the <a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a><a href="#cite_note-fenian-48">[47]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish separatists</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish War">Anglo-Irish War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ma102-42">[41]</a> The increasing demands of imperial expansion and the inadequacy and inefficiency of the underfunded British Army, <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_Kingdom)" title="Militia (United Kingdom)">Militia</a>, Ordnance Military Corps, <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">Yeomanry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Force_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volunteer Force (Great Britain)">Volunteer Force</a> after the Napoleonic Wars led to series of reforms following the failures of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> Inspired by the successes of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian Army</a> (which relied on short-term conscription of all eligible young men to maintain a large reserve of recently discharged soldiers, ready to be recalled on the outbreak of war to immediately bring the small peacetime regular army up to strength), the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)#Army_Reserve_(Regular)" title="Regular Reserve (United Kingdom)">Regular Reserve</a> of the British Army was originally created in 1859 by <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Lea" title="Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea">Sidney Herbert</a>, and re-organised under the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Force_Act_1867" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Force Act 1867">Reserve Force Act 1867</a>. Prior to this, a soldier was generally enlisted into the British Army for a 21-year engagement, following which (should he survive so long) he was discharged as a Pensioner. Pensioners were sometimes still employed on garrison duties, as were younger soldiers no longer deemed fit for expeditionary service who were generally organised in invalid units or returned to the regimental depot for home service. The cost of paying pensioners, and the obligation the government was under to continue to employ invalids as well as soldiers deemed by their commanding officers as detriments to their units were motivations to change this system. The long period of engagement also discouraged many potential recruits. The long service enlistments were consequently replaced with short service enlistments, with undesirable soldiers not permitted to re-engage on the completion of their first engagement. The size of the army also fluctuated greatly, increasing in war time, and drastically shrinking with peace. Battalions posted on garrison duty overseas were allowed an increase on their normal peacetime establishment, which resulted in their having surplus men on their return to a Home station. Consequently, soldiers engaging on short term enlistments were enabled to serve several years with the colours and the remainder in the Regular Reserve, remaining liable for recall to the colours if required. Among the other benefits, this thereby enabled the British Army to have a ready pool of recently trained men to draw upon in an emergency. The name of the Regular Reserve (which for a time was divided into a First Class and a Second Class) has resulted in confusion with the Reserve Forces, which were the pre-existing part-time, local-service home-defence <a href="/wiki/Units_of_the_British_Army#British_Army_units_in_other_areas_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of the British Army">forces</a> that were auxiliary to the British Army (or Regular Force), but not originally part of it: the <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">Yeomanry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militia_(United_Kingdom)" title="Militia (United Kingdom)">Militia</a> (or Constitutional Force) and <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Force" title="Volunteer Force">Volunteer Force</a>. These were consequently also referred to as Auxiliary Forces or Local Forces.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> The late-19th-century <a href="/wiki/Cardwell_Reforms" title="Cardwell Reforms">Cardwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Childers_Reforms" title="Childers Reforms">Childers Reforms</a> gave the army its modern shape and redefined its <a href="/wiki/Regimental_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Regimental system">regimental system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The 1907 <a href="/wiki/Haldane_Reforms" title="Haldane Reforms">Haldane Reforms</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Force" title="Territorial Force">Territorial Force</a> as the army's volunteer reserve component, merging and reorganising the Volunteer Force, Militia and Yeomanry.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars_(1914–1945)">World Wars (1914–1945)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: World Wars (1914–1945)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_First_World_War" title="British Army during the First World War">British Army during the First World War</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Second_World_War" title="British Army during the Second World War">British Army during the Second World War</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Early First World War tank, with soldiers in a trench next to it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/250px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/375px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg/500px-British_Mark_I_male_tank_Somme_25_September_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>British First World War <a href="/wiki/Mark_I_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark I tank">Mark I tank</a>; the guidance wheels behind the main body were later scrapped as unnecessary. Armoured vehicles of the era required considerable infantry and artillery support. (Photo by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Brooks_(photographer)" title="Ernest Brooks (photographer)">Ernest Brooks</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bagpiper leading a line of soldiers though thigh-high growth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg/250px-Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg/375px-Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg/500px-Scotishadvanceepsom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Led by their piper, men of the 7th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Seaforth_Highlanders" title="Seaforth Highlanders">Seaforth Highlanders</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="46th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">46th (Highland) Brigade</a>), advance through Normandy during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Epsom" title="Operation Epsom">Operation Epsom</a> on 26 June 1944</figcaption></figure> Great Britain was challenged by other powers, primarily the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, during the 20th century. A century earlier it vied with Napoleonic France for global pre-eminence, and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanoverian</a> Britain's natural allies were the kingdoms and principalities of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">northern Germany</a>. By the middle of the 19th century, Britain and France were allies in preventing Russia's appropriation of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, although the fear of French invasion led shortly afterwards to the creation of the Volunteer Force. By the first decade of the 20th century, the United Kingdom was allied with France (by the <a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente Cordiale</a>) and Russia (which had a secret agreement with France for mutual support in a war against the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a>-led German Empire and the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Hungarian Empire">Austro-Hungarian Empire</a>).<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> When the First World War broke out in August 1914 the British Army sent the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF), consisting mainly of <a href="/wiki/Standing_army" title="Standing army">regular army</a> troops, to <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">France and Belgium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The fighting bogged down into static <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a> for the remainder of the war. In 1915 the army created the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Expeditionary_Force" title="Mediterranean Expeditionary Force">Mediterranean Expeditionary Force</a> to invade the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> via <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli</a>, an unsuccessful attempt to capture <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and secure a sea route to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm19113-68">[67]</a> The First World War was the most devastating in <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">British military history</a>, with nearly 800,000 men killed and over two million wounded. Early in the war, the BEF was virtually destroyed and was replaced first by <a href="/wiki/Kitchener%27s_Army" title="Kitchener's Army">volunteers</a> and then by a <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">conscript</a> force. Major battles included those at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">the Somme</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Advances in technology saw the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tank</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> (and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="Royal Tank Regiment">Royal Tank Regiment</a>) and advances in aircraft design (and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a>) which would be decisive in future battles.<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Trench warfare dominated Western Front strategy for most of the war, and the use of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">chemical weapons</a> (disabling and poison gases) added to the devastation.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> broke out in September 1939 with the Soviet and <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">German Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ma335-73">[72]</a> British assurances to the Poles led the British Empire to declare war on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a>. As in the First World War, a relatively small <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">BEF</a> was sent to France<a href="#cite_note-ma335-73">[72]</a> but then hastily evacuated from <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk</a> as the German forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">swept through the Low Countries and across France</a> in May 1940.<a href="#cite_note-ma342-74">[73]</a> After the British Army recovered from its earlier defeats, it defeated the Germans and Italians at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North Africa</a> in 1942–1943 and helped drive them from Africa. It then fought through <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italy</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1976157-75">[74]</a> and, with the help of American, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, Indian and Free French forces,<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> was the principal organiser and participant in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day invasion of Normandy</a> on 6 June 1944; nearly half the Allied soldiers were British.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGilbert2005301-77">[76]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">Far East</a>, the British Army rallied against the Japanese in the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a> and regained the British Far Eastern colonial possessions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor1976210-78">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postcolonial_era_(1945–2000)">Postcolonial era (1945–2000)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postcolonial era (1945–2000)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg/170px-1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg/255px-1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg/340px-1945_Order_of_Precedence_of_the_British_Army.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>1945 Order of Precedence of the British Army</figcaption></figure> After the Second World War the British Army was significantly reduced in size, although <a href="/wiki/National_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="National Service">National Service</a> continued until 1960.<a href="#cite_note-M_384-79">[78]</a> This period saw <a href="/wiki/Decolonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonisation">decolonisation</a> begin with the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">independence</a> of India and Pakistan, followed by the independence of British colonies in Africa and Asia. The <a href="/wiki/Corps_Warrant" title="Corps Warrant">Corps Warrant</a>, which is the official list of which bodies of the British Military (not to be confused with naval) Forces were to be considered Corps of the British Army for the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Act" title="Army Act">Army Act</a>, the Reserve Forces Act, 1882, and the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act, 1907, had not been updated since 1926 (Army Order 49 of 1926), although amendments had been made up to and including Army Order 67 of 1950. A new Corps Warrant was declared in 1951. Although the British Army was a major participant in <a href="/wiki/1st_Commonwealth_Division" title="1st Commonwealth Division">Korea</a> in the early 1950s<a href="#cite_note-M_384-79">[78]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez</a> in 1956,<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> during this period Britain's role in world events was reduced and the army was downsized.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Army_of_the_Rhine" title="British Army of the Rhine">British Army of the Rhine</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="I Corps (United Kingdom)">I (BR) Corps</a>, remained in Germany as a bulwark against Soviet invasion.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> continued, with significant technological advances in warfare, and the army saw the introduction of new weapons systems.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Despite the decline of the British Empire, the army was engaged in <a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma401-84">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">Cyprus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ma401-84">[83]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Kenya</a><a href="#cite_note-ma401-84">[83]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> In 1982, the British Army and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a> helped liberate the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">conflict with Argentina</a> after that country's invasion of the British territory.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> In the three decades following 1969, the army was heavily deployed in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Operation_Banner" title="Operation Banner">Operation Banner</a> to support the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a>) in their conflict with republican paramilitary groups.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> The locally recruited <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Regiment" title="Ulster Defence Regiment">Ulster Defence Regiment</a> was formed, becoming home-service battalions of the <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Irish_Regiment_(27th_(Inniskilling)_83rd_and_87th_and_Ulster_Defence_Regiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Royal Irish Regiment (27th (Inniskilling) 83rd and 87th and Ulster Defence Regiment)">Royal Irish Regiment</a> in 1992 before it was disbanded in 2006. Over 700 soldiers were killed during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a>. Following the 1994–1996 <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">IRA</a> ceasefires and since 1997, demilitarisation has been part of the peace process and the military presence has been reduced.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> On 25 June 2007 the 2nd Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales%27s_Royal_Regiment" title="Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment">Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</a> left the army complex in <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles_in_Bessbrook" title="The Troubles in Bessbrook">Bessbrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Armagh" title="County Armagh">County Armagh</a>, ending the longest operation in British Army history.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Persian_Gulf_War">Persian Gulf War</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Persian Gulf War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Granby" title="Operation Granby">Operation Granby</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An armoured personnel carrier flying the Union Jack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG/250px-An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG/375px-An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG/500px-An_APC_of_the_7th_Brigade_Royal_Scots.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption>British APC passing by wrecked and abandoned vehicles along the "<a href="/wiki/Highway_of_Death" title="Highway of Death">Highway of Death</a>" in 1991.</figcaption></figure> The British Army contributed 50,000 troops to the coalition which fought <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> and British forces controlled <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> after its liberation. Forty-seven British military personnel died during the war.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Balkan_conflicts">Balkan conflicts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Balkan conflicts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia,_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg/220px-British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg/330px-British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg/440px-British_Army_vehicles_in_Croatia%2C_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>British Army vehicles in a staging area before being deployed to Bosnia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a></div> The army was deployed to former <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> in 1992. Initially part of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">United Nations Protection Force</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> in 1995 its command was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Implementation_Force" title="Implementation Force">Implementation Force</a> (IFOR) and then to the <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_Force_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (SFOR);<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> the commitment rose to over 10,000 troops. In 1999, British forces under SFOR command were sent to <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and the contingent increased to 19,000 troops.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Between early 1993 and June 2010, 72 British military personnel died during operations in the former Yugoslavian countries of Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia.<a href="#cite_note-:6-95">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Troubles">The Troubles</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Troubles">edit</a>]</div> Although there have been permanent garrisons in Northern Ireland throughout its history, the British Army was deployed as a peacekeeping force from 1969 to 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Banner" title="Operation Banner">Operation Banner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Initially, this was (in the wake of <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">unionist</a> attacks on nationalist communities in <a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>)<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> to prevent further loyalist attacks on Catholic communities; it developed into support of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ulster_Constabulary" title="Royal Ulster Constabulary">Royal Ulster Constabulary</a> (RUC) and its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Police Service of Northern Ireland</a> (PSNI) against the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> (PIRA).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKernan200517-99">[98]</a> Under the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a>, there was a gradual reduction in the number of soldiers deployed.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> In 2005, after the PIRA declared a ceasefire, the British Army dismantled posts, withdrew many troops and restored troop levels to those of a peacetime garrison.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> Operation Banner ended at midnight on 31 July 2007 after about 38 years of continuous deployment, the longest in British Army history.<a href="#cite_note-analysis-102">[101]</a> According to an internal document released in 2007, the British Army had failed to defeat the IRA but made it impossible for them to win by violence. Operation Helvetic replaced Operation Banner in 2007, maintaining fewer service personnel in a more-benign environment.<a href="#cite_note-analysis-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-103">[102]</a> Of the 300,000 troops who served in Northern Ireland since 1969, there were 763 British military personnel killed<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> and 306 killed by the British military, mostly civilians.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> An estimated 100 soldiers committed suicide during Operation Banner or soon afterwards and a similar number died in accidents. A total of 6,116 were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Sierra Leone <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_military_intervention_in_the_Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War">British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War</a></div> The British Army deployed to Sierra Leone for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Palliser" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Palliser">Operation Palliser</a> in 1999, under United Nations resolutions, to aid the government in quelling violent uprisings by militiamen. British troops also provided support during the 2014 <a href="/wiki/West_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Ebola virus epidemic">West African Ebola virus epidemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history_(2000–present)">Recent history (2000–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recent history (2000–present)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="War_in_Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: War in Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3royalanglianafghan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Armed soldiers in and around a military vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/3royalanglianafghan.JPG/250px-3royalanglianafghan.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/3royalanglianafghan.JPG/375px-3royalanglianafghan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/3royalanglianafghan.JPG/500px-3royalanglianafghan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a> in Helmand Province</figcaption></figure> In November 2001, as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom" title="Operation Enduring Freedom">Operation Enduring Freedom</a> with the United States, the United Kingdom deployed forces in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> to topple the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Herrick" title="Operation Herrick">Operation Herrick</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division (United Kingdom)">3rd Division</a> were sent to <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> to assist in the liberation of the capital and defeat Taliban forces in the mountains. In 2006 the British Army began concentrating on fighting Taliban forces and bringing security to <a href="/wiki/Helmand_Province" title="Helmand Province">Helmand Province</a>, with about 9,500 British troops (including marines, airmen and sailors) deployed at its peak<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a>—the second-largest force after that of the US.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> In December 2012 Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> announced that the combat mission would end in 2014, and troop numbers gradually fell as the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan National Army">Afghan National Army</a> took over the brunt of the fighting. Between 2001 and 26 April 2014 a total of 453 British military personnel died in Afghan operations.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Operation Herrick ended with the handover of <a href="/wiki/Camp_Bastion" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Bastion">Camp Bastion</a> on 26 October 2014,<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> but the British Army maintained a deployment in Afghanistan as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Toral" title="Operation Toral">Operation Toral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-toral-113">[112]</a> Following an announcement by the US Government of the end of their operations in the Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defence announced in April 2021 that British forces would withdraw from the country by 11 September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> It was later reported that all UK troops would be out by early July.<a href="#cite_note-auto-115">[114]</a> Following the collapse of the Afghan Army, and the completion of the withdrawal of civilians, all British troops had left by the end of August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iraq_War">Iraq War</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Iraq War">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Telic" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Telic">Operation Telic</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two soldiers with a mortar gun—one loading and the other aiming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg/250px-1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg/375px-1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg/500px-1_RRF_engage_Iraqi_Army_positions_with_their_81mm_Mortars._Iraq._26-03-2003_MOD_45142764.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption>British soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Fusiliers" title="Royal Regiment of Fusiliers">1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</a> <a href="/wiki/Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">battlegroup</a> engage Iraqi positions with an <a href="/wiki/81mm_mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="81mm mortar">81mm mortar</a> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2003)" title="Battle of Basra (2003)">south of Basra</a></figcaption></figure> In 2003, the United Kingdom was a major contributor to the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>, sending a force of over 46,000 military personnel. The British Army controlled southern Iraq, and maintained a peace-keeping presence in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> All British troops were withdrawn from Iraq by 30 April 2009, after the Iraqi government refused to extend their mandate.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> One hundred and seventy-nine British military personnel died in Iraqi operations.<a href="#cite_note-:6-95">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a> returned to Iraq in 2014 as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Operation Shader</a> to counter the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State</a> (ISIL).<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recent_military_aid">Recent military aid</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Recent military aid">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Temperer" title="Operation Temperer">Operation Temperer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_Aid_to_the_Civil_Authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Aid to the Civil Authorities">Military Aid to the Civil Authorities</a></div> The British Army maintains a standing liability to support the civil authorities in certain circumstances, usually in either niche capabilities (e.g. explosive ordnance removal) or in general support of the civil authorities when their capacity is exceeded.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> In recent years this has been seen as army personnel supporting the civil authorities in the face of the <a href="/wiki/2001_United_Kingdom_foot-and-mouth_outbreak" title="2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak">2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak</a>, the 2002 firefighters strike, widespread flooding in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2013 and 2014, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Temperer" title="Operation Temperer">Operation Temperer</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing" title="Manchester Arena bombing">Manchester Arena bombing</a> in 2017 and, most recently, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a> during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-OpRESCRIPT-123">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baltic_States">Baltic States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Baltic States">edit</a>]</div> Since 2016, the British Army has maintained a presence in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic States">Baltic States</a> in support of the <a href="/wiki/NATO_Enhanced_Forward_Presence" title="NATO Enhanced Forward Presence">NATO Enhanced Forward Presence</a> strategy which responded to the <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian annexation of Crimea">2014 Russian annexation of Crimea</a>. The British Army leads a multinational armoured battlegroup in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> under Operation Cabrit and contributes troops to another military battle group in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-efp-124">[123]</a> As part of the NATO plans, Britain has committed a full mechanized infantry <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> to be on a high state of readiness to defend Estonia.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> Between 2015 and 2022, the British Army deployed Short Term Training Teams (STTTs) to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Orbital" title="Operation Orbital">Operation Orbital</a> to help train the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> against further Russian aggression.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> This operation was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Operation_Interflex" title="Operation Interflex">Operation Interflex</a> in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-politico1-127">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_army">Modern army</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern army">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personnel">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg/250px-Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg/375px-Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg/500px-Trooping_the_Colour_MOD_45155754.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1946" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Blues_and_Royals" title="Blues and Royals">Blues and Royals</a> <a href="/wiki/Trooping_the_Colour" title="Trooping the Colour">Trooping the Colour</a> in 2013</figcaption></figure> The British Army has been a volunteer force since national service ended during the 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-M_384-79">[78]</a> Since the creation of the part-time, reserve <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Force" title="Territorial Force">Territorial Force</a> in 1908 (renamed the Army Reserve in 2014), the full-time British Army has been known as the Regular Army. In July 2020 there were just over 78,800 Regulars, with a target strength of 82,000, and just over 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reservists</a>, with a target strength of 30,000.<a href="#cite_note-statistics2021-128">[127]</a> All former Regular Army personnel may also be recalled to duty in exceptional circumstances during the 6-year period following completion of their Regular service, which creates an additional force known as the <a href="/wiki/Regular_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)#Army_Reserve_(Regular)" title="Regular Reserve (United Kingdom)">Regular Reserve</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> The table below illustrates British Army personnel figures from 1710 to 2024. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">British Army strength<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">(1707–1810)</a> </th> <td rowspan="99"> </td> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">(1810–1921)</a> </th> <td rowspan="99"> </td> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">(1930– Present)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Regular Army </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Regular Army </th> <th>Year </th> <th>Regular Army </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve</a> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>1710 </td> <td>68,000 </td> <td>1820 </td> <td>93,000 </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>188,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>1720 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>1830 </td> <td>89,000 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>2,930,000 </td> <td>Included in Regular </td> <td>3,120,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1730 </td> <td>17,000 </td> <td>1838 </td> <td>89,000 </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>364,000 </td> <td>83,000 </td> <td>447,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1740 </td> <td>46,000 </td> <td>1840 </td> <td>94,000 </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>258,000 </td> <td>120,000 </td> <td>387,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1750 </td> <td>79,000 </td> <td>1850 </td> <td>99,000 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>174,000 </td> <td>80,000 </td> <td>256,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1760 </td> <td>65,000 </td> <td>1860 </td> <td>236,000 </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>159,000 </td> <td>63,000 </td> <td>222,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1770 </td> <td>24,000 </td> <td>1870 </td> <td>185,000 </td> <td>1990 </td> <td>153,000 </td> <td>73,000 </td> <td>226,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1780 </td> <td>35,000 </td> <td>1880 </td> <td>165,000 </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>110,000 </td> <td>45,000 </td> <td>155,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1790 </td> <td>53,000<a href="#cite_note-Linch-147">[146]</a> </td> <td>1890 </td> <td>210,000 </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>109,000 </td> <td>29,000 </td> <td>142,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800 </td> <td>200,000<a href="#cite_note-Linch-147">[146]</a> </td> <td>1900 </td> <td>302,000 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td>79,000 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>116,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1810 </td> <td>281,000<a href="#cite_note-Linch-147">[146]</a> </td> <td>1918 </td> <td>3,838,000 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>26,000 </td> <td>110,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Equipment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_British_Army" title="List of equipment of the British Army">List of equipment of the British Army</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infantry">Infantry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Infantry">edit</a>]</div> The British Army's basic weapon is the 5.56 mm <a href="/wiki/SA80" title="SA80">L85A2 or L85A3</a> assault rifle, with some specialist personnel using the L22A2 carbine variant (pilots and some tank crew). The weapon was traditionally equipped with either <a href="/wiki/Iron_sights" title="Iron sights">iron sights</a> or an optical <a href="/wiki/SUSAT" title="SUSAT">SUSAT</a>, although other optical sights have been subsequently purchased to supplement these.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> The weapon can be enhanced further utilising the <a href="/wiki/Picatinny_rail" title="Picatinny rail">Picatinny rail</a> with attachments such as the <a href="/wiki/L17A2_UGL" class="mw-redirect" title="L17A2 UGL">L17A2</a> under-barrel grenade launcher.<a href="#cite_note-:8-149">[148]</a> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Army_Special_Operations_Brigade" title="Army Special Operations Brigade">Army Special Operations Brigade</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Ranger_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)">Ranger Regiment</a>, began using the <a href="/wiki/L403A1" class="mw-redirect" title="L403A1">L403A1</a>, an <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">AR-pattern</a> rifle also used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> Some soldiers are equipped with the 7.62mm <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Machine_and_Tool_Company#L129A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Machine and Tool Company">L129A1 sharpshooter rifle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> which in 2018 formally replaced the <a href="/wiki/L86_LSW" class="mw-redirect" title="L86 LSW">L86A2</a> Light Support Weapon. Support fire is provided by the <a href="/wiki/L7_(machine_gun)" class="mw-redirect" title="L7 (machine gun)">L7 general-purpose machine gun</a> (GPMG),<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> and indirect fire is provided by <a href="/wiki/L16_81mm_mortar" title="L16 81mm mortar">L16 81mm mortars</a>. Sniper rifles include the <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International_Arctic_Warfare" title="Accuracy International Arctic Warfare">L118A1</a> 7.62 mm, <a href="/wiki/L115A3" class="mw-redirect" title="L115A3">L115A3</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AW50F" class="mw-redirect" title="AW50F">AW50F</a>, all manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International" title="Accuracy International">Accuracy International</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> The British Army utilises the <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock 17</a> as its side arm.<a href="#cite_note-:8-149">[148]</a> Anti tank guided weapons include the <a href="/wiki/FGM-148_Javelin" title="FGM-148 Javelin">Javelin</a>, the medium range anti-tank guided weapon replacement for <a href="/wiki/MILAN" title="MILAN">Milan</a>, with overfly and direct attack modes of operation, and the <a href="/wiki/NLAW" title="NLAW">NLAW</a>. The Next-generation Light Anti-tank Weapon (<a href="/wiki/NLAW" title="NLAW">NLAW</a>) is the first, non-expert, short-range, anti-tank missile that rapidly knocks out any main battle tank in just one shot by striking it from above.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armour">Armour</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Armour">edit</a>]</div> The army's <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a>, which is being upgraded to <a href="/wiki/Challenger_3" title="Challenger 3">Challenger 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> It is supported by the <a href="/wiki/Warrior_tracked_armoured_vehicle" title="Warrior tracked armoured vehicle">Warrior tracked armoured vehicle</a> as the primary <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> (which will soon be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_(armoured_fighting_vehicle)" title="Boxer (armoured fighting vehicle)">Boxer 8x8 armoured fighting vehicle</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/FV430_series" title="FV430 series">Bulldog armoured personnel carrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Light armoured units often utilise the <a href="/wiki/MWMIK" class="mw-redirect" title="MWMIK">Supacat "Jackal" MWMIK</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackal_(vehicle)#Coyote" title="Jackal (vehicle)">Coyote</a> tactical support vehicle for reconnaissance and fire support.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artillery">Artillery</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Artillery">edit</a>]</div> The army has three main artillery systems: the <a href="/wiki/M270_multiple_launch_rocket_system" class="mw-redirect" title="M270 multiple launch rocket system">M270 multiple launch rocket system</a> (MLRS), the <a href="/wiki/AS-90" title="AS-90">AS-90</a> and the <a href="/wiki/L118_light_gun" title="L118 light gun">L118 light gun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> The MLRS, first used in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Granby" title="Operation Granby">Operation Granby</a>, has an 85-kilometre (53 mi) standard range, or with the <a href="/wiki/Precision_Strike_Missile" title="Precision Strike Missile">PrSM</a>, up to 500 km.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> The AS-90 is a 155 mm self-propelled armoured gun with a 24-kilometre (15 mi) range.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The L118 light gun is a 105 mm towed gun, which is typically towed by a <a href="/wiki/Steyr-Puch_Pinzgauer" title="Steyr-Puch Pinzgauer">Pinzgauer</a> all terrain vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> To identify artillery targets, the army operates the TAIPAN artillery detection radar<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> and utilises <a href="/wiki/Artillery_sound_ranging" title="Artillery sound ranging">artillery sound ranging</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> For air defence it uses the new <a href="/wiki/Sky_Sabre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Sabre">Sky Sabre</a> system, which in 2021 replaced the <a href="/wiki/Rapier_(missile)" title="Rapier (missile)">Rapier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whatdotheyknow.com-166">[165]</a> It also deploys the Very Short-Range Air Defence (VSHORAD) <a href="/wiki/Starstreak_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Starstreak (missile)">Starstreak HVM</a> (high-velocity missile) launched by a single soldier or from a <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Stormer" title="Alvis Stormer">Stormer HVM</a> vehicle-mounted launcher.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_mobility">Protected mobility</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Protected mobility">edit</a>]</div> Where armour is not required or mobility and speed are favoured the British Army utilises protected patrol vehicles, such as the Panther variant of the <a href="/wiki/Iveco_LMV" title="Iveco LMV">Iveco LMV</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ocelot_(vehicle)" title="Ocelot (vehicle)">Foxhound</a>, and variants of the <a href="/wiki/Cougar_(MRAP)" title="Cougar (MRAP)">Cougar</a> family (such as the Ridgeback, Husky and Mastiff).<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> For day-to-day utility work the army commonly uses the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Wolf" title="Land Rover Wolf">Land Rover Wolf</a>, which is based on the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineers,_utility_and_signals">Engineers, utility and signals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Engineers, utility and signals">edit</a>]</div> Specialist engineering vehicles include bomb-disposal robots such as the <a href="/wiki/L3Harris" title="L3Harris">T7 Multi-Mission Robotic System</a> and the modern variants of the <a href="/wiki/Armoured_Vehicle_Royal_Engineers" title="Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers">Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers</a>, including the Titan bridge-layer, <a href="/wiki/Trojan_Armoured_Vehicle_Royal_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Trojan Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers">Trojan</a> armoured engineer vehicle, <a href="/wiki/Terrier_armoured_digger" title="Terrier armoured digger">Terrier armoured digger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Day-to-day utility work uses a series of support vehicles, including six-, nine- and fifteen-tonne <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> trucks, <a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> heavy-equipment transporters (HET), close-support tankers, quad bikes and ambulances.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> Tactical communication uses the <a href="/wiki/Bowman_(communications_system)" title="Bowman (communications system)">Bowman</a> radio system, and operational or strategic communication is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Signals" title="Royal Corps of Signals">Royal Corps of Signals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Aviation">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/British_Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> (AAC) provides direct aviation support, with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> providing support helicopters. The primary attack helicopter is the <a href="/wiki/AH-64E_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64E Apache">Boeing AH-64E Apache</a> which replaced the <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_Apache" title="AgustaWestland Apache">AgustaWestland Apache AH-1</a> in the anti-tank, anti-air defence, and anti-armour role.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW159_Wildcat" title="AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat">AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat</a> is a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Intelligence,_surveillance,_target_acquisition,_and_reconnaissance" title="Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance">intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance</a> (ISTAR) helicopter.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Dauphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurocopter Dauphin">Eurocopter AS 365N Dauphin</a> is used for <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> aviation, primarily <a href="/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counter terrorism</a> operations, within the UK.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERipley200810-176">[175]</a> The army operates two <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a> in a surveillance role: the small <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Desert_Hawk_III" title="Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk III">Lockheed Martin Desert Hawk III</a> and the larger <a href="/wiki/Thales_Watchkeeper_WK450" title="Thales Watchkeeper WK450">Thales Watchkeeper WK450</a>, which will be retired from service in March 2025.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:MCV-80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warrior IFV"><img alt="Tank with painted camouflage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/MCV-80.jpg/200px-MCV-80.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/MCV-80.jpg/300px-MCV-80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/MCV-80.jpg/400px-MCV-80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Warrior_IFV" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior IFV">Warrior IFV</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="AS-90"><img alt="Self-propelled artillery gun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg/200px-AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg/300px-AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg/400px-AS90_Self_Propelled_Gun_-_Tankfest_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3230" data-file-height="2400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/AS-90" title="AS-90">AS-90</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guided multiple launch rocket system (GMLRS)"><img alt="Rocket launcher" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg/200px-GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg/300px-GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg/400px-GUNNERS_ON_TARGET_FOR_EXERCISE_STEEL_SABRE_IN_NORTHUMBERLAND_MOD_45159595.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/M270_multiple_launch_rocket_system" class="mw-redirect" title="M270 multiple launch rocket system">Guided multiple launch rocket system</a> (GMLRS)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Challenger 2"><img alt="Challenger 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg/200px-Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg/300px-Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg/400px-Challenger_2_MBT_in_Estonia-902250.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4531" data-file-height="2574" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apache AH64-E"><img alt="Apache AH64-E" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg/200px-AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg/300px-AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg/400px-AH64E_Bourget_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache AH64-E</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L85A3 (SA80A3)"><img alt="L85A3 (SA80A3)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg/200px-New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg/300px-New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg/400px-New_SA80_A3_Assault_Rifle_MOD_45163883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">L85A3 (SA80A3)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_deployments">Current deployments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Current deployments">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-intensity_operations">Low-intensity operations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Low-intensity operations">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; width:10%;">Location </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:5%;">Date </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:85%;">Details </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </th> <td>Since 2014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shader" title="Operation Shader">Operation Shader</a>: The UK has a leading role in the 67-member Global Coalition committed to defeating ISIL. The coalition includes Iraq, European nations and the US. British soldiers are not in a combat role in Iraq but are on the ground with coalition partners providing training and equipment to Iraqi Security Forces (ISF) and Kurdish Security Forces (KSF). There were approximately 400 military personnel in Iraq in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </th> <td>Since 1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Force_in_Cyprus" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus">Operation Tosca</a>: There were 275 troops deployed as part of the UNFICYP in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-org-180">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </th> <td>Since 2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NATO_Enhanced_Forward_Presence" title="NATO Enhanced Forward Presence">NATO Enhanced Forward Presence</a>: The British Army deploys approximately 900 troops to Estonia and 150 to Poland as part of its commitment to NATO.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> </th> <td>Since 2019 </td> <td>The British Army maintains several short-term military training teams to help build the capacity of national military forces, ensuring a number of states across Africa can respond appropriately and proportionally to the security threats they face, including terrorism, the illegal wildlife trade, violations of human rights and emerging humanitarian crises.<a href="#cite_note-:1-144">[143]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Permanent_overseas_postings">Permanent overseas postings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Permanent overseas postings">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center; width:10%;">Location </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:5%;">Date </th> <th style="text-align:center; width:85%;">Details </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </th> <td>1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Training_and_Support_Unit_Belize" title="British Army Training and Support Unit Belize">British Army Training and Support Unit Belize</a>: The British Army has maintained a presence in Belize since its independence. Currently the British Army Training Support Unit in Belize enables close country and tropical environment training to troops from the UK and international partners.<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> </th> <td>1701 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a>: Colonial Militia and volunteers existed from 1612 to 1816. The regular English Army, then British Army, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Garrison" title="Bermuda Garrison">Bermuda Garrison</a> was first established by an <a href="/wiki/Independent_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Company">Independent Company</a> in 1701.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> Volunteers were recruited into the regular army and the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a> Military Corps for part-time, local-service from the 1830s to the 1850s due to the lack of a Militia. The British Government considered Bermuda as an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortress</a>, rather than a colony. After the French Revolution, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor of Bermuda</a> was normally a military officer (usually a Lieutenant-General or Major-General of the Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers) in charge of all military forces in Bermuda, with the Bermuda Garrison falling under the Nova Scotia Command. From 1868, the Bermuda Garrison became the independent Bermuda Command, with Governors being Generals, Lieutenant-Generals or Major Generals occupying the role of Commander-in-Chief or General Officer Commanding (GOC). Locally recruited reserve units, the Royal Artillery-badged <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_Artillery" title="Bermuda Militia Artillery">Bermuda Militia Artillery</a> (BMA) and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Rifle_Corps" title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps">Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps</a> (BVRC) were raised again from 1894, later joined by the Royal Engineers-badged <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Engineers" title="Bermuda Volunteer Engineers">Bermuda Volunteer Engineers</a> (1931–1946), <a href="/wiki/General_Service_Corps" title="General Service Corps">General Service Corps</a>-badged <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_Infantry" title="Bermuda Militia Infantry">Bermuda Militia Infantry</a> (1939–1946), and a Home Guard (1942–1946). After the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Dockyard,_Bermuda" title="Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda">Royal Naval Dockyard</a> was redesignated a naval base in 1951, the army garrison was closed in 1957, leaving only the part-time BMA (re-tasked as infantry in 1953, though still badged and uniformed as Royal Artillery) and BVRC (renamed Bermuda Rifles in 1949). The Bermuda Command Headquarters and all regular army personnel other than members of the Permanent Staff of the local Territorials and the <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Aide-de-Camp">Aide-de-Camp</a> to the Governor of Bermuda (today normally a Captain from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a> employed full-time for the duration of the appointment) were withdrawn. Home defence has been provided by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a> since formed by the 1965 amalgamation of the BMA and Bermuda Rifles.<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> </th> <td>1962 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Brunei" title="British Forces Brunei">British Forces Brunei</a>: One battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Military_Garrison_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="British Military Garrison Brunei">British Garrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Army_Jungle_Warfare_Training_School" title="British Army Jungle Warfare Training School">Training Team Brunei (TTB)</a>. A Gurkha battalion has been maintained in Brunei since the <a href="/wiki/Brunei_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunei Revolt">Brunei Revolt</a> in 1962 at the request of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ali_Saifuddin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Ali Saifuddin III">Omar Ali Saifuddin III</a>. Training Team Brunei (TTB) is the Army's jungle-warfare school, and a small number of garrison troops support the battalion. 7 Flight AAC formerly provided helicopter support to the Gurkha battalion and TTB<a href="#cite_note-Brunei-185">[184]</a> but its role has since been assumed by <a href="/wiki/No._230_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 230 Squadron RAF">No. 230 Squadron RAF</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </th> <td>1972 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Training_Unit_Suffield" title="British Army Training Unit Suffield">British Army Training Unit Suffield</a>: A training centre in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> prairie for the use of British Army and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> under agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">government of Canada</a>. British forces conduct regular, major armoured training exercises every year, with helicopter support provided by 29 (BATUS) Flight <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">AAC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-29_BATUS_AAC-187">[186]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </th> <td>1960 </td> <td>2 resident infantry battalions, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> and Joint Service Signals Unit at <a href="/wiki/Ayios_Nikolaos_Station" title="Ayios Nikolaos Station">Ayios Nikolaos</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Cyprus" title="British Forces Cyprus">British Forces Cyprus</a>. The UK retains two <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign Base Areas">Sovereign Base Areas</a> on Cyprus after the rest of the island's independence, which are forward bases for deployments to the Middle East. Principal facilities are Alexander Barracks at Dhekelia and Salamanca Barracks at <a href="/wiki/Episkopi,_Limassol" title="Episkopi, Limassol">Episkopi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> </th> <td>1982 </td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_South_Atlantic_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="British Forces South Atlantic Islands">British Forces South Atlantic Islands</a>: After the 1982 conflict, the UK established a garrison on the Falkland Islands, consisting of naval, land and air elements. The British Army contribution consists of an infantry company group, a Royal Artillery Battery and an Engineer Squadron.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> </th> <td>1704 </td> <td>Part of <a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Gibraltar" title="British Forces Gibraltar">British Forces Gibraltar</a>: The Army has had a presence in Gibraltar for more than 300 years. The people of Gibraltar took up arms as the Gibraltar Volunteer Corps from 1915 to 1920 and again as the Gibraltar Defence Force shortly before the outbreak of WW2. This force later became the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a>, which remains as the only formed Army unit in Gibraltar.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </th> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Army_Training_Unit_Kenya" title="British Army Training Unit Kenya">British Army Training Unit Kenya</a>: The army has a training centre in Kenya. BATUK is a permanent training support unit based mainly in Nanyuki, 200 km north of Nairobi. BATUK provides demanding training to exercising units preparing to deploy on operations or assume high-readiness tasks. BATUK consists of around 100 permanent staff and reinforcing short tour cohort of another 280 personnel. Under an agreement with the Kenyan Government, up to six infantry battalions per year carry out eight-week exercises in Kenya.<a href="#cite_note-:1-144">[143]</a> There are also Royal Engineer exercises, which carry out civil engineering projects, and medical deployments, which provide primary health care assistance to the civilian community., under an agreement with the Kenyan government, which provides training facilities for 3 infantry battalions per year.<a href="#cite_note-Africa-191">[190]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </th> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omani-British_Joint_Training_Area" title="Omani-British Joint Training Area">Omani-British Joint Training Area</a>: A training area for combined arms battlegroup training, jointly maintained with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_of_Oman" title="Royal Army of Oman">Royal Army of Oman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Oman-192">[191]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="line-height:1.0em; padding-bottom:0.5em">Arms of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Army</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:115%; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em; background-color:#efefef"> Combat Arms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:105%; padding-top:0.15em; padding-bottom:0.5em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armoured_Corps" title="Royal Armoured Corps">Royal Armoured Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry" title="Household Cavalry">Household Cavalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_British_Army" title="Infantry of the British Army">Infantry</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guards_and_Parachute_Division" title="Guards and Parachute Division">Guards and Parachute Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Division" title="Union Division">Union Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Division" title="Queen's Division">Queen's Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Division" title="Light Division">Light Division</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.4em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">Army Air Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Reconnaissance_Regiment" title="Special Reconnaissance Regiment">Special Reconnaissance Regiment</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:115%; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em; background-color:#efefef"> Combat Support Arms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:105%; padding-top:0.15em; padding-bottom:0.5em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Signals" title="Royal Corps of Signals">Royal Corps of Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:115%; line-height:1.2em; padding:0.25em; background-color:#efefef"> Combat Services</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="font-size:105%; padding-top:0.15em; padding-bottom:0.5em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Chaplains%27_Department" title="Royal Army Chaplains' Department">Royal Army Chaplains' Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Service" title="Royal Army Medical Service">Royal Army Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Veterinary_Corps" title="Royal Army Veterinary Corps">Royal Army Veterinary Corps</a></li></ul> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.4em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers">Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_and_Training_Services_Branch" title="Educational and Training Services Branch">Educational and Training Services Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Legal_Services_Branch" title="Army Legal Services Branch">Army Legal Services Branch</a></li> <li>Provost Branch (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">Royal Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Provost_Staff" title="Military Provost Staff">Military Provost Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Provost_Guard_Service" title="Military Provost Guard Service">Military Provost Guard Service</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.4em"></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_School_Corps" title="Small Arms School Corps">Small Arms School Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Physical_Training_Corps" title="Royal Army Physical Training Corps">Royal Army Physical Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Service_Corps" title="General Service Corps">General Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Army_Music" title="Royal Corps of Army Music">Royal Corps of Army Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Army_Arms" title="Template:British Army Arms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Army_Arms" title="Template talk:British Army Arms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Army_Arms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Army Arms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_British_Army" title="Structure of the British Army">for the current organisation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Future_Soldier_(British_Army)" title="Future Soldier (British Army)">for the Future Soldier organisation</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Army_Headquarters_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Headquarters (United Kingdom)">Army Headquarters</a> is located in <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover, Hampshire</a>, and is responsible for providing forces at operational readiness for employment by the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Joint_Headquarters" title="Permanent Joint Headquarters">Permanent Joint Headquarters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[12]</a> The command structure is hierarchical, with overall command residing with the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a> (CGS), who is immediately subordinate to The Chief of Defence Staff, the head of the British Armed Services. The CGS is supported by the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Deputy Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Deputy Chief of the General Staff</a>. Army Headquarters is further organised into two subordinate commands, <a href="/wiki/Field_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field Army (United Kingdom)">Field Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commander_Home_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander Home Command">Home Command</a>, each commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">lieutenant general</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a> These two Commands serve distinct purposes and are divided into a structure of <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigades</a>, which themselves consist of a complex mix of smaller units such as <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalions</a>. British Army units are either full-time 'Regular' units, or part-time <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve</a> units.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps">Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Allied Rapid Reaction Corps">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Allied_Rapid_Reaction_Corps" title="Allied Rapid Reaction Corps">Allied Rapid Reaction Corps</a></div> Led by a British Army three-star general, one of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s High Readiness (Land) Forces based in <a href="/wiki/Imjin_Barracks" title="Imjin Barracks">Gloucestershire, UK</a>, with the following British units under its command:<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Signal_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="1st Signal Brigade (United Kingdom)">1st Signal Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/104_Theatre_Sustainment_Brigade" title="104 Theatre Sustainment Brigade">104th Theatre Sustainment Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Air_Defence_Group" title="7th Air Defence Group">7th Air Defence Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Engineer_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="8th Engineer Brigade (United Kingdom)">8th Engineer Brigade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_Army">Field Army</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Field Army">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Field_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field Army (United Kingdom)">Field Army (United Kingdom)</a></div> Led by <a href="/wiki/Commander_Field_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander Field Army">Commander Field Army</a>, the Field Army is responsible for generating and preparing forces for current and contingency operations. The Field Army comprises:<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="1st (United Kingdom) Division">1st (United Kingdom) Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_(United_Kingdom)_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd (United Kingdom) Division">3rd (United Kingdom) Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Army_Troops" title="Field Army Troops">Field Army Troops</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_Command">Home Command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Home Command">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Home_Command_(British_Army)" title="Home Command (British Army)">Home Command (British Army)</a></div> Home Command is the British Army's supporting command; a generating, recruiting and training force that supports the Field Army and delivers UK resilience.<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a> It comprises <ul><li>Army Personnel Centre, which deals with personnel issues and liaises with outside agencies.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a></li> <li>Army Personnel Services Group, which supports personnel administration<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Recruiting_and_Initial_Training_Command" title="Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command">Army Recruiting and Initial Training Command</a>, which is responsible for all recruiting and training of Officers and Soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_District_(British_Army)" title="London District (British Army)">London District Command</a>, which is the main headquarters for all British Army units within the M25 corridor of London. It also provides for London's ceremonial events as well as supporting operational deployments overseas.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Command_(British_Army)" title="Regional Command (British Army)">Regional Command</a>, which enables the delivery of a secure home front that sustains the Army, notably helping to coordinate the British Army's support to the civil authorities, overseeing the British Army's Welfare Service, and delivering the British Army's civil engagement mission.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li>Standing Joint Command, which coordinates defence's contribution to UK resilience operations in support of other government departments.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Forces">Special Forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Special Forces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UK_SAS_(badge).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emblem of a winged sword with the motto, "Who dares, wins"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg/170px-UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg/255px-UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg/340px-UK_SAS_%28badge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>SAS <a href="/wiki/Cap_badge" title="Cap badge">cap badge</a></figcaption></figure> The British Army contributes two of the three <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> formations to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">United Kingdom Special Forces</a> directorate: the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a> (SAS) and <a href="/wiki/Special_Reconnaissance_Regiment" title="Special Reconnaissance Regiment">Special Reconnaissance Regiment</a> (SRR).<a href="#cite_note-PPUK-200">[199]</a> The SAS consists of one regular and two reserve regiments.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> The regular regiment, 22 SAS, has its headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Lines" title="Stirling Lines">Stirling Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credenhill" title="Credenhill">Credenhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a>. It consists of 5 squadrons (A, B, D, G and Reserve) and a training wing.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> 22 SAS is supported by 2 reserve regiments, <a href="/wiki/Artists_Rifles" title="Artists Rifles">21 SAS</a> and 23 SAS, which collectively form the Special Air Service (Reserve) (SAS [R]), who in 2020 were transferred back under the command of Director of Special Forces after previously being under the command of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade">1st Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> The SRR, formed in 2005, performs close reconnaissance and special surveillance tasks.<a href="#cite_note-PPUK-200">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Support_Group" title="Special Forces Support Group">Special Forces Support Group</a>, under the operational control of the Director of Special Forces, provides operational manoeuvring support to the United Kingdom Special Forces.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_units">Colonial units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Colonial units">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg/170px-1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg/255px-1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg/340px-1939_Dominion_and_Colonial_Regiments.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>1939 Dominion and Colonial Regiments</figcaption></figure> The British Army historically included many units from what are now separate <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/English_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="English Empire">English Empire</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">North America</a> (including Bermuda), and the West Indies in the early 17th century there was no standing English Army, only the <a href="/wiki/Militia_(English)" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia (English)">Militia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">Yeomanry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sovereign%27s_Bodyguard" title="Sovereign's Bodyguard">Royal bodyguards</a>, of which the Militia, as the primary home-defence force, was immediately extended to the colonies. <a href="/wiki/Militia_(British_Dominions_and_Crown_Colonies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia (British Dominions and Crown Colonies)">Colonial militias</a> defended colonies single-handedly at first against indigenous peoples and European competitors. Once the standing English Army, later the British Army, came into existence and began to garrison the colonies, the colonial militias fought side by side with it in a number of wars, including the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>. Some of the colonial militias rebelled during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War of Independence</a>. The militia fought alongside the regular British Army (and native allies) in defending British North America from their former countrymen during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg/170px-Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg/255px-Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg/340px-Bermuda_troops_train_at_Camp_Lejeune_to_become_Junior_Noncommissioned_Officers_180504-M-JQ686-0185.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3570" data-file-height="5358" /></a><figcaption>Royal Bermuda Regiment soldier with an <a href="/wiki/SA80" title="SA80">L85A2</a> at <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">USMC</a> <a href="/wiki/Camp_Lejeune" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Lejeune">Camp Lejeune</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> Locally raised units in strategically located <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortress</a> colonies (including: <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> – which was treated as part of <a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a> under the Commander-in-Chief at Nova Scotia until Canadian Confederation; <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> were generally maintained from army funds and more fully integrated into the British Army as evident from their placements in British Army lists, unlike units such as the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_African_Rifles" title="King's African Rifles">King's African Rifles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> The larger colonies (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, etc.) mostly achieved <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Commonwealth Dominion</a> status before or after the First World War and were granted full legislative independence in 1931. While remaining within the British Empire, this placed their governments on a par with the British government, and hence their military units comprised separate armies (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>), although Canada retained the term "militia" for its military forces until the Second World War. From the 1940s, these dominions and many colonies chose full independence, usually becoming <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a> (as member states of the Commonwealth are known today).<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Units raised in <a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">self-governing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">Crown colonies</a> (those without local elected <a href="/wiki/Legislatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislatures">Legislatures</a>, as was the case with <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British Hong Kong</a>) that are part of the British realm remain under British Government control. As the territorial governments are delegated responsibility only for internal government, the UK Government, as the government of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign state</a>, retains responsibility for national security and the defence of the fourteen remaining <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>,<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> of which six have locally raised regiments: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force" title="Falkland Islands Defence Force">Falkland Islands Defence Force</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Montserrat_Defence_Force" title="Royal Montserrat Defence Force">Royal Montserrat Defence Force</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Regiment" title="Cayman Islands Regiment">Cayman Islands Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment">Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Falklandsdf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Falkland Islands Defence Force on parade in June 2013"><img alt="Line of soldiers near water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Falklandsdf.jpg/200px-Falklandsdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Falklandsdf.jpg/300px-Falklandsdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Falklandsdf.jpg/400px-Falklandsdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="367" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Falkland Islands Defence Force on parade in June 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detachment of the Falkland Islands Defence Force in ceremonial dress"><img alt="Soldiers marching down a street in black uniforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg/200px-Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg/300px-Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg/400px-Detachment_of_Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="532" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detachment of the Falkland Islands Defence Force in ceremonial dress</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy, escorted by Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda, Major-General Sir JA Gascoigne, KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO, DL, and Major JA Marsh, DSO, the Officer Commanding the Bermuda Militia Artillery, inspects a Bermuda Rifles guard in 1961, four years before the units amalgamated"><img alt="John Fitzgerald Kennedy, escorted by Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda, Major-General Sir JA Gascoigne, KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO, DL, and Major JA Marsh, DSO, the Officer Commanding the Bermuda Militia Artillery, inspects a Bermuda Rifles guard in 1961, four years before the units amalgamated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg/150px-US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg/225px-US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg/300px-US_President_JF_Kennedy_inspects_Bermuda_Rifles_1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="999" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fitzgerald Kennedy">John Fitzgerald Kennedy</a>, escorted by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Governor and Commander-in-Chief</a> of Bermuda, Major-General Sir <a href="/wiki/Julian_Gascoigne" title="Julian Gascoigne">JA Gascoigne</a>, KCMG, KCVO, CB, DSO, DL, and Major JA Marsh, DSO, the Officer Commanding the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_Artillery" title="Bermuda Militia Artillery">Bermuda Militia Artillery</a>, inspects a <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Rifle_Corps" title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps">Bermuda Rifles</a> guard in 1961, four years before the units amalgamated</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="WO1 Herman Eve, RSM of the Royal Bermuda Regiment in 1992[215]"><img alt="WO1 Herman Eve, RSM of the Royal Bermuda Regiment in 1992[215]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg/105px-RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg/158px-RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg/211px-RSM_of_the_Bermuda_Regiment_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="1482" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">WO1 Herman Eve, RSM of the Royal Bermuda Regiment in 1992<a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandsmen of the Royal Bermuda Regiment"><img alt="Bandsmen of the Royal Bermuda Regiment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png/104px-Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png" decoding="async" width="104" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png/156px-Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png/208px-Bermuda_Regiment_Band.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bandsmen of the Royal Bermuda Regiment</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment on parade"><img alt="Soldiers in white-and-black dress uniforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg/200px-Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg/300px-Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg/400px-Bermuda_Regiment_PNCO_Cadre_Promotion_Parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="572" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Bermuda Regiment on parade</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Changing of the guard, Royal Gibraltar Regiment (2012)"><img alt="Two soldiers in red dress uniforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/152px-Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/228px-Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/304px-Changing_of_the_Guard_duo_-_Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2644" data-file-height="2609" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Changing of the guard, Royal Gibraltar Regiment (2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment in London, April 2012"><img alt="Four soldiers marching in red-and-blue dress uniforms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/133px-Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/199px-Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg/266px-Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3251" data-file-height="3671" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Gibraltar Regiment in London, April 2012</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Levels_of_Command">Levels of Command</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Levels of Command">edit</a>]</div> The structure of the British Army beneath the level of Divisions and Brigades is also hierarchical and command is based on rank. The table below details how many units within the British Army are structured, although there can be considerable variation between individual units:<a href="#cite_note-:4-193">[192]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type of unit </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">Brigade</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Battlegroup_(army)" title="Battlegroup (army)">Battlegroup</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">Battalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">Regiment</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squadron_(army)" title="Squadron (army)">Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artillery_battery" title="Artillery battery">Battery</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">Platoon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Troop" title="Troop">Troop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Section_(military_unit)" title="Section (military unit)">Section</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fireteam" title="Fireteam">Fire team</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Contains </th> <td>3 brigades </td> <td>3–5 battalions (battlegroups) </td> <td>Combined arms unit </td> <td>4–6 companies </td> <td>3 platoons </td> <td>3 sections </td> <td>2 fire teams </td> <td>4 individuals </td></tr> <tr> <th>Personnel </th> <td>10,000 </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>700–1,000 </td> <td>720 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>8–10 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Commanded by </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Major-General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-General (United Kingdom)">Maj-Gen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brig</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United Kingdom)">Lt Col</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">Lt Col</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lt</a> or <a href="/wiki/2nd_Lieutenant#United_Kingdom_and_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Lieutenant">2nd Lt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corporal#United_Kingdom" title="Corporal">Cpl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal#United_Kingdom" title="Lance corporal">LCpl</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Whilst many units are organised as Battalions or Regiments administratively, the most common fighting unit is the combined arms unit known as a Battlegroup. This is formed around a combat unit and supported by units (or sub-units) from other capabilities. An example of a battlegroup would be two companies of armoured infantry (e.g. from the 1st Battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Mercian_Regiment" title="Mercian Regiment">Mercian Regiment</a>), one squadron of heavy armour (e.g. A Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="Royal Tank Regiment">Royal Tank Regiment</a>), a company of engineers (e.g. B Company of the 22nd Engineer Regiment), a Battery of artillery (e.g. D Battery of the 1st Regiment of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horse_Artillery" title="Royal Horse Artillery">Royal Horse Artillery</a>) and smaller attachments from medical, logistic and intelligence units. Typically organised and commanded by a battlegroup headquarters and named after the unit which provided the most combat units, in this example, it would be the 1 Mercian Battlegroup. This creates a self-sustaining mixed formation of armour, infantry, artillery, engineers and support units, commanded by a lieutenant colonel.<a href="#cite_note-SAS-217">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment">Recruitment</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Recruitment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recruitment_in_the_British_Army" title="Recruitment in the British Army">Recruitment in the British Army</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:30a_Sammlung_Eybl_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien._Alfred_Leete_(1882%E2%80%931933)_Britons_(Kitchener)_wants_you_(Briten_Kitchener_braucht_Euch)._1914_(Nachdruck),_74_x_50_cm._(Slg.Nr._552).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="World War I recruiting poster, with Lord Kitchener pointing at the viewer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/30a_Sammlung_Eybl_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien._Alfred_Leete_%281882%E2%80%931933%29_Britons_%28Kitchener%29_wants_you_%28Briten_Kitchener_braucht_Euch%29._1914_%28Nachdruck%29%2C_74_x_50_cm._%28Slg.Nr._552%29.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/30a_Sammlung_Eybl_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien._Alfred_Leete_%281882%E2%80%931933%29_Britons_%28Kitchener%29_wants_you_%28Briten_Kitchener_braucht_Euch%29._1914_%28Nachdruck%29%2C_74_x_50_cm._%28Slg.Nr._552%29.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/30a_Sammlung_Eybl_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien._Alfred_Leete_%281882%E2%80%931933%29_Britons_%28Kitchener%29_wants_you_%28Briten_Kitchener_braucht_Euch%29._1914_%28Nachdruck%29%2C_74_x_50_cm._%28Slg.Nr._552%29.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5981" data-file-height="8934" /></a><figcaption>One of the most recognisable recruiting posters of the British Army; from <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Lord Kitchener</a></figcaption></figure> The British Army primarily recruits from within the United Kingdom, but accept applications from all British citizens. It also accepts applications from Irish citizens and <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> citizens, with certain restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-:5-218">[217]</a> Since 2018 the British Army has been an equal-opportunity employer (with some legal exceptions due to medical standards), and does not discriminate based on race, religion or sexual orientation.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a> Applicants for the Regular Army must be a minimum age of 16, although soldiers under 18 may not serve in operations, and the maximum age is 36. Applicants for the Army Reserve must be a minimum of 17 years and 9 months, and a maximum age of 43. Different age limits apply for Officers and those in some specialist roles. Applicants must also meet several other requirements, notably regarding medical health, physical fitness, past-criminal convictions, education, and regarding any tattoos and piercings.<a href="#cite_note-:5-218">[217]</a> Soldiers and officers in the Regular Army now enlist for an initial period of 12 years, with options to extend if they meet certain requirements. Soldiers and officers are normally required to serve for a minimum of 4 years from date of enlistment and must give 12 months' notice before leaving; soldiers who joined before the age of 18 years old are normally required to serve for a minimum of 6 years.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oath_of_allegiance">Oath of allegiance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Oath of allegiance">edit</a>]</div> All soldiers and commissioned officers must take an oath of allegiance upon joining the Army, a process known as attestation. Those who wish to swear by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">God</a> use the following words:<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[10]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I, [soldier's or commissioned officer's name], swear by Almighty God that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">His Majesty King Charles III</a>, his heirs and successors and that I will as in duty bound honestly and faithfully defend His Majesty, his heirs and successors in person, <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">crown</a> and dignity against all enemies and will observe and obey all orders of His Majesty, his heirs, and successors and of the generals and officers set over me.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a></blockquote> Others replace the words "swear by Almighty God" with "solemnly, sincerely and truly declare and affirm".<a href="#cite_note-:2-11">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Training">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red-brick buildings with large windows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg/220px-RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg/330px-RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg/440px-RMAS18Je6-4685.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>New College buildings at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Selection_and_Training_in_the_British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Selection and Training in the British Army">Selection and Training in the British Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_installations" title="List of British Army installations">List of British Army installations</a></div>Candidates for the Army undergo common training, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">initial military training</a>, to bring all personnel to a similar standard in basic military skills, which is known as Phase 1 training. They then undertake further specialist trade-training for their specific Regiment or Corps, known as Phase 2 training. After completing Phase 1 training a soldier is counted against the Army's trained strength, and upon completion of Phase 2 are counted against the Army's fully trained trade strength.<a href="#cite_note-boot-222">[221]</a> Soldiers under the age of 17 and 6 months will complete Phase 1 training at the <a href="/wiki/Army_Foundation_College" title="Army Foundation College">Army Foundation College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> Infantry Soldiers will complete combined Phase 1 & 2 training at the <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Training_Centre_(British_Army)" title="Infantry Training Centre (British Army)">Infantry Training Centre, Catterick</a>, whilst all other Soldiers will attend Phase 1 training at the <a href="/wiki/Army_Training_Centre_Pirbright" title="Army Training Centre Pirbright">Army Training Centre Pirbright</a> or <a href="/wiki/Army_training_regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Army training regiment">Army Training Regiment, Winchester</a>, and then complete Phase 2 training at different locations depending on their specialism.<a href="#cite_note-boot-222">[221]</a> Officers conduct their initial training at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Academy_Sandhurst" title="Royal Military Academy Sandhurst">Royal Military Academy Sandhurst</a> (RMAS),<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> before also completing their Phase 2 training at multiple different locations.<a href="#cite_note-boot-222">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags_and_ensigns">Flags and ensigns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Flags and ensigns">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Regulation_Colours" title="Regulation Colours">Regulation Colours</a></div> The British Army's official flag is the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a>. The Army also has a non-ceremonial flag that is often seen flying from military buildings and is used at recruiting and military events and exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Traditionally most British Army units had a set of flags, known as the <a href="/wiki/Colours,_standards_and_guidons" class="mw-redirect" title="Colours, standards and guidons">colours</a>—normally a Regimental Colour and a King's Colour (the Union Jack). Historically these were carried into battle as a rallying point for the soldiers and were closely guarded. In modern units the colours are often prominently displayed, decorated with <a href="/wiki/Battle_honours_of_the_British_and_Imperial_Armies" title="Battle honours of the British and Imperial Armies">battle honours</a>, and act as a focal point for Regimental pride.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> A soldier re-joining a regiment (upon recall from the reserve) is described as re-called to the Colours.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official Army flag"><img alt="Union Jack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Official Army flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Non-ceremonial army flag; "Army", in gold letters, sometimes appears below the badge."><img alt="The British Lion, the crown and crossed swords on a red background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Non-ceremonial army flag; "Army", in gold letters, sometimes appears below the badge.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_(commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensign for general use by the Royal Logistic Corps"><img alt="Flag with Union Jack and crossed swords on a blue background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg/200px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg/300px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg/400px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_non-commissioned_officer%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(flag)" title="Ensign (flag)">Ensign</a> for general use by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_(commanded_by_commissioned_officer).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensign flown by the Royal Logistic Corps from vessels commanded by commissioned officers"><img alt="Same as previous flag, with the British lion and the crown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg/200px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg/300px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg/400px-British_Army_Ensign_of_the_Royal_Logistic_Corps_%28commanded_by_commissioned_officer%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ensign flown by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a> from vessels commanded by commissioned officers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ensign of the Corps of Royal Engineers"><img alt="Union Jack and stylised, winged hand on a blue background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png/200px-Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png/300px-Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png/400px-Royal_Engineers_Ensign.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ensign of the Corps of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks_and_insignia">Ranks and insignia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ranks and insignia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">British Army officer rank insignia</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Army_other_ranks_rank_insignia" title="British Army other ranks rank insignia">British Army other ranks rank insignia</a></div> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; text-align:center; padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">British Army officer rank insignia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> <th width="12%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO">NATO rank scale</a> </th> <td width="7%">OF-10 </td> <td width="7%">OF-9 </td> <td width="7%">OF-8 </td> <td width="7%">OF-7 </td> <td width="7%">OF-6 </td> <td width="8%">OF-5 </td> <td width="8%">OF-4 </td> <td width="8%">OF-3 </td> <td width="8%">OF-2 </td> <td width="14%" colspan="2">OF-1 </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Officer_candidate" title="Officer candidate">OF(D)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a> Epaulette rank insignia </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1928-1953)_OF-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg/50px-British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg/75px-British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg/100px-British_Army_%281928-1953%29_OF-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="204" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF-1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_(1920-1953)_OF_(D).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg/50px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg/75px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg/100px-British_Army_%281920-1953%29_OF_%28D%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank:<a href="#cite_note-ranks-228">[227]</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (United Kingdom)">Field marshal</a><a href="#cite_note-fmhon-229">[note 2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant-general</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Major-general</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_Kingdom_and_other_Commonwealth_countries" title="Second lieutenant">Second lieutenant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_cadet#United_Kingdom" title="Officer cadet">Officer cadet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Abbreviation: </th> <td>FM </td> <td>Gen </td> <td>Lt Gen </td> <td>Maj Gen </td> <td>Brig </td> <td>Col </td> <td>Lt Col </td> <td>Maj </td> <td>Capt </td> <td>Lt </td> <td>2Lt </td> <td>OCdt </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; text-align:center; padding:5px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/British_Army_other_ranks_rank_insignia" title="British Army other ranks rank insignia">British Army other rank insignia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO">NATO rank</a> code </th> <td colspan="3">OR-9 </td> <td colspan="2">OR-8 </td> <td>OR-7 </td> <td>OR-6 </td> <td>OR-5 </td> <td>OR-4 </td> <td>OR-3 </td> <td>OR-2 </td> <td>OR-1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Army</a> rank insignia (<a href="/wiki/Template:British_Army_Other_Rank" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:British Army Other Rank">view</a>) </th> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-9c.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warrant Officer class 1"><img alt="Warrant Officer class 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/British_Army_OR-9c.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-9c.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/British_Army_OR-9c.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-9c.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/British_Army_OR-9c.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-9c.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-9b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British_Army_OR-9b.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-9b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British_Army_OR-9b.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-9b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/British_Army_OR-9b.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-9b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-9a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/British_Army_OR-9a.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-9a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/British_Army_OR-9a.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-9a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/British_Army_OR-9a.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-9a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-8b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/British_Army_OR-8b.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-8b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/British_Army_OR-8b.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-8b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/British_Army_OR-8b.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-8b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-8a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/British_Army_OR-8a.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-8a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/British_Army_OR-8a.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-8a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/British_Army_OR-8a.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-8a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Staff Sergeant"><img alt="Staff Sergeant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Army_OR-7.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Army_OR-7.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Army_OR-7.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sergeant"><img alt="Sergeant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Army_OR-6.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Army_OR-6.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/British_Army_OR-6.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corporal"><img alt="Corporal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Army_OR-4.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Army_OR-4.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/British_Army_OR-4.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lance corporal"><img alt="Lance corporal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_OR-3.svg/60px-British_Army_OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_OR-3.svg/90px-British_Army_OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/British_Army_OR-3.svg/120px-British_Army_OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a> </td> <td colspan="2">No insignia<hr style="height:4px" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank title:<a href="#cite_note-BAranks-230">[228]</a> </th> <td width="9%" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_(United_Kingdom)#British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer (United Kingdom)">Warrant Officer class 1</a> </td> <td width="9%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_(United_Kingdom)#British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrant Officer (United Kingdom)">Warrant Officer class 2</a> </td> <td width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Staff_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Sergeant">Staff</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colour_Sergeant" class="mw-redirect" title="Colour Sergeant">Colour Sergeant</a> </td> <td width="9%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td> <td width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td> <td width="9%"><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Lance corporal</a> </td> <td width="9%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">Private</a> (or equivalent) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Abbreviation: </th> <td colspan="3">WO1 </td> <td colspan="2">WO2 </td> <td>SSgt/CSgt </td> <td colspan="2">Sgt </td> <td>Cpl </td> <td>LCpl </td> <td colspan="2">Pte </td></tr></tbody></table></div> Most ranks across the British Army are known by the same name regardless of which Regiment they are in. However, the <a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry" title="Household Cavalry">Household Cavalry</a> call many ranks by different names, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> refer to Corporals as Bombardiers, the Rifles spell Sergeant as Serjeant,<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> and Private soldiers are known by a wide variety of titles; notably trooper, gunner, guardsman, kingsman, sapper, signaller, fusilier, craftsman and rifleman dependant on the Regiment they belong to.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> These names do not affect a soldier's pay or role.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reserve_forces">Reserve forces</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Reserve forces">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve (United Kingdom)</a></div> The oldest of the Reserve Forces was the <a href="/wiki/Militia_(Great_Britain)" title="Militia (Great Britain)">Militia Force</a> (also referred to as the Constitutional Force),<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> which (in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, prior to 1707) was originally the main military defensive force (there otherwise were originally only Royal bodyguards, including the <a href="/wiki/Yeomen_Warders" title="Yeomen Warders">Yeomen Warders</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yeomen_of_the_Guard" title="Yeomen of the Guard">Yeomen of the Guard</a>, with armies raised only temporarily for expeditions overseas), made up of civilians embodied for annual training or emergencies, which had used various schemes of compulsory service during different periods of its long existence. From the 1850s it recruited volunteers who engaged for terms of service. The Militia was originally an all-infantry force, though <a href="/wiki/Militia_Artillery_units_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_Colonies" title="Militia Artillery units of the United Kingdom and Colonies">Militia coastal artillery</a>, field artillery, and engineers units were introduced from the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-238">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Force" title="Volunteer Force">Volunteer Force</a> units were also frequently raised during wartime and disbanded upon peace. This was re-established as a permanent (i.e., in war and peace) part of the Reserve Forces in 1859. It differed from the Militia in a number of ways, most particularly in that volunteers did not commit to a term service, and were able to resign with fourteen days notice (except while embodied). As volunteer soldiers were originally expected to fund the cost of their own equipment, few tended to come from the labouring class among whom the Militia primarily recruited.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yeomanry" title="Yeomanry">Yeomanry Force</a> was made up of mounted units, organised similarly to the Volunteer Force, first raised during the two decades of war with France that followed the French Revolution. As with the Volunteers, members of the Yeomanry were expected to foot much of the cost of their own equipment, including their horses, and the make-up of the units tended to be from more affluent classes.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> Although Militia regiments were linked with British Army regiments during the course of the Napoleonic Wars to feed volunteers for service abroad into the regular army, and volunteers from the Reserve Forces served abroad either individually or in contingents, service companies, or battalions in a succession of conflicts from the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, personnel did not normally move between forces unless re-attested as a member of the new force, and units did not normally move from the Reserve Forces to become part of the Regular Forces, or vice versa. There were exceptions, however, as with the New Brunswick Regiment of Fencible Infantry, raised in 1803, which became the <a href="/wiki/104th_(New_Brunswick)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot">104th (New Brunswick) Regiment of Foot</a> when it was transferred to the British Army on 13 September 1810.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> Another type of reserve force was created during the period between the French Revolution and the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Called <a href="/wiki/Fencibles" title="Fencibles">Fencibles</a>, these were disbanded after the Napoleonic Wars and not raised again, although the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malta_Fencible_Regiment" title="Royal Malta Fencible Regiment">Royal Malta Fencible Regiment</a>, later the Royal Malta Fencible Artillery, existed from 1815 until the 1880s when it became the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malta_Artillery" title="Royal Malta Artillery">Royal Malta Artillery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Fencible_Corps" title="Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps">Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps</a> was formed in 1846.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> The Reserve Forces were raised locally (in Britain, under the control of <a href="/wiki/Lord-Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord-Lieutenant">Lords-Lieutenant</a> of counties, and, in <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British colonies</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Governor#United_Kingdom_overseas_territories" title="Governor">colonial governors</a>, and members originally were obliged to serve only within their locality (which, in the United Kingdom, originally meant within the county or other recruitment area, but was extended to anywhere in Britain, though not overseas). They have consequently also been referred to as Local Forces. As they were (and in some cases are) considered separate forces from the British Army, though still within the British military, they have also been known as Auxiliary Forces. The Militia and Volunteer units of a colony were generally considered to be separate forces from the Home Militia Force and Volunteer Force in the United Kingdom, and from the Militia Forces and Volunteer Forces of other colonies. Where a colony had more than one Militia or Volunteer unit, they would be grouped as a Militia or Volunteer Force for that colony, such as the Jamaica Volunteer Defence Force. Officers of the Reserve Forces could not sit on Courts Martial of regular forces personnel. The <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutiny Act">Mutiny Act</a> did not apply to members of the Reserve Forces. The Reserve Forces within the British Isles were increasingly integrated with the British Army through a succession of reforms (beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Cardwell_Reforms" title="Cardwell Reforms">Cardwell Reforms</a>) of the British military forces over the last two decades of the Nineteenth Century and the early years of the Twentieth Century, whereby the Reserve Forces units mostly lost their own identities and became numbered Militia or Volunteer battalions of regular British Army corps or regiments.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> In 1908, the Yeomanry and Volunteer Force were merged to create the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Force" title="Territorial Force">Territorial Force</a> (changed to Territorial Army after the First World War), with terms of service similar to the army and Militia, and the Militia was renamed the Special Reserve,<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> After the First World War the Special Reserve was renamed the Militia, again, but permanently suspended (although a handful of Militia units survived in the United Kingdom, its colonies, and the Crown Dependencies). Although the Territorial Force was nominally still a separate force from the British Army, by the end of the century, at the latest, any unit wholly or partly funded from Army Funds was considered part of the British Army. Outside the United Kingdom-proper, this was generally only the case for those units in the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_fortress" title="Imperial fortress">Imperial fortress</a> colonies (<a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, before <a href="/wiki/Canadian_confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian confederation">Canadian confederation</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>).<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_Artillery" title="Bermuda Militia Artillery">Bermuda Militia Artillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Militia_Infantry" title="Bermuda Militia Infantry">Bermuda Militia Infantry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Engineers" title="Bermuda Volunteer Engineers">Bermuda Volunteer Engineers</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Volunteer_Rifle_Corps" title="Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps">Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-238">[236]</a> by example were paid for by the War Office and considered part of the British Army, with their officers appearing as such in the Army List unlike those of many other colonial units deemed auxiliaries. Today, the British Army is the only Home British military force, including the various other forces it has absorbed, though British military units organised on Territorial Army lines remain in British Overseas Territories that are still not considered formally part of the British Army, with only the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a> (an amalgam of the old Bermuda Militia Artillery and Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps) appearing on the <a href="/wiki/British_Army_order_of_precedence" title="British Army order of precedence">British Army order-of-precedence</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Army_List" title="Army List">Army List</a>, as well as on the <a href="/wiki/Corps_Warrant" title="Corps Warrant">Corps Warrant</a> (the official list of those British military forces that are considered corps of the British Army).<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> In October 2012 the Ministry of Defence announced that the Territorial Army was to be renamed the Army Reserve.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Uniforms">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army" title="Uniforms of the British Army">Uniforms of the British Army</a></div> The British Army uniform has sixteen categories, ranging from ceremonial uniforms to combat dress to evening wear. No. 8 Dress, the day-to-day uniform, is known as "Personal Clothing System – Combat Uniform" (PCS-CU)<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> and consists of a <a href="/wiki/Multi-Terrain_Pattern" title="Multi-Terrain Pattern">Multi-Terrain Pattern</a> (MTP) windproof smock, a lightweight jacket and trousers with ancillary items such as <a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">thermals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">waterproofs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dresscodes-265">[263]</a> The army has introduced <a href="/wiki/Tactical_recognition_flash" title="Tactical recognition flash">tactical recognition flashes</a> (TRFs); worn on the right arm of a combat uniform, the insignia denotes the wearer's regiment or corps.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> In addition to working dress, the army has a number of parade uniforms for ceremonial and non-ceremonial occasions. The most-commonly-seen uniforms are No. 1 Dress (full ceremonial, seen at formal occasions such as at the changing of the guard at Buckingham Palace) and No. 2 Dress (Service Dress), a brown <a href="/wiki/Khaki" title="Khaki">khaki</a> uniform worn for non-ceremonial parades.<a href="#cite_note-dresscodes-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a> Working <a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">headdress</a> is typically a <a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">beret</a>, whose colour indicates its wearer's type of regiment. Beret colours are:<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> <ul><li>Khaki—<a href="/wiki/Foot_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot Guards">Foot Guards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales%27s_Royal_Regiment" title="Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment">Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh" title="Royal Welsh">Royal Welsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="Royal Yorkshire Regiment">Royal Yorkshire Regiment</a></li> <li>Light grey—<a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots_Dragoon_Guards" title="Royal Scots Dragoon Guards">Royal Scots Dragoon Guards</a></li> <li>Brown—<a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Hussars" title="King's Royal Hussars">King's Royal Hussars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Wessex_Yeomanry" title="Royal Wessex Yeomanry">Royal Wessex Yeomanry</a></li> <li>Black—<a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="Royal Tank Regiment">Royal Tank Regiment</a></li> <li>Dark (<a href="/wiki/Rifle_green" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle green">rifle</a>) green—<a href="/wiki/Royal_Dragoon_Guards" title="Royal Dragoon Guards">Royal Dragoon Guards</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rifles" title="The Rifles">The Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_School_Corps" title="Small Arms School Corps">Small Arms School Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroon_beret" title="Maroon beret">Maroon</a>—<a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a></li> <li>Beige—<a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li>Sky blue—<a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">Army Air Corps</a></li> <li>Cypress green—<a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li>Scarlet—<a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">Royal Military Police</a></li> <li>Green—<a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></li> <li>Navy blue—All other units, such as the <a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry" title="Household Cavalry">Household Cavalry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_Dragoons" title="Light Dragoons">Light Dragoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Dragoon_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Dragoon Guards">Queen's Dragoon Guards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yeomanry" title="Royal Yeomanry">Royal Yeomanry</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Fusiliers" title="Royal Regiment of Fusiliers">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</a></li> <li>Emerald grey—<a href="/wiki/Special_Reconnaissance_Regiment" title="Special Reconnaissance Regiment">Special Reconnaissance Regiment</a></li> <li>Gun-metal grey—<a href="/wiki/Ranger_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)">The Ranger Regiment</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_2020_Refine" title="Army 2020 Refine">Army 2020 Refine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_Force" title="Army Cadet Force">Army Cadet Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_order_of_precedence" title="British Army order of precedence">British Army order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_campaign_medals" title="British campaign medals">British campaign medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_Warrant" title="Corps Warrant">Corps Warrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_installations" title="List of British Army installations">List of British Army installations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_regiments_and_corps" title="List of British Army regiments and corps">List of British Army regiments and corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_British_Army" title="List of equipment of the British Army">List of equipment of the British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of military weapons of the United Kingdom">List of military weapons of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roles_in_the_British_Army" title="List of roles in the British Army">List of roles in the British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_England" title="List of wars involving England">List of wars involving England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Scotland" title="List of wars involving Scotland">List of wars involving Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of wars involving the United Kingdom">List of wars involving the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_bands_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military bands of the United Kingdom">Military bands of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military history of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_coat_(military_uniform)" title="Red coat (military uniform)">Red coat (military uniform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rule,_Britannia!" title="Rule, Britannia!">Rule, Britannia!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review_2015" title="Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015">Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Atkins" title="Tommy Atkins">Tommy Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army" title="Uniforms of the British Army">Uniforms of the British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">United Kingdom Special Forces</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> English/Scottish parliamentary control of separate entities prior to 1707; British parliamentary control since 1 April 1707.<a href="#cite_note-Chandler2003-5">[5]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-fmhon-229"><a href="#cite_ref-fmhon_229-0">^</a> The rank of Field Marshal has become an honorary/ceremonial rank; the last active officer to be promoted to the rank was in 1994. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923004635/https://www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/Home/Search?Query=45147540.jpg&Type=Filename">"The official Army badge"</a>. www.defenceimagery.mod.uk. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defense</a>. 31 December 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/Home/Search?Query=45147540.jpg&Type=Filename">the original</a> on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defenceimagery.mod.uk&rft.atitle=The+official+Army+badge.&rft.date=2007-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenceimagery.mod.uk%2FHome%2FSearch%3FQuery%3D45147540.jpg%26Type%3DFilename&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240923182021/https://armysportcontrolboard.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/20180209-The_Army_Brand_ABN_19_18.pdf">"Army Briefing Note 19/18: The Army Brand"</a> (PDF). armysportcontrolboard.com. British Army. 9 February 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armysportcontrolboard.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/20180209-The_Army_Brand_ABN_19_18.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armysportcontrolboard.com&rft.atitle=Army+Briefing+Note+19%2F18%3A+The+Army+Brand&rft.date=2018-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmysportcontrolboard.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2F20180209-The_Army_Brand_ABN_19_18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford_Walton1894" class="citation book cs1">Clifford Walton (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historybritishs00waltgoog">History of the British Standing Army. A.D. 1660 to 1700</a>. Harrison and Sons. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historybritishs00waltgoog/page/n42">1</a>–2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+British+Standing+Army.+A.D.+1660+to+1700&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Harrison+and+Sons&rft.date=1894&rft.au=Clifford+Walton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorybritishs00waltgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoel_T._St._John_Williams1994" class="citation book cs1">Noel T. St. John Williams (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zDxnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22british+army%22+1660">Redcoats and courtesans: the birth of the British Army (1660–1690)</a>. Brassey's. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857530971" title="Special:BookSources/9781857530971"><bdi>9781857530971</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redcoats+and+courtesans%3A+the+birth+of+the+British+Army+%281660%E2%80%931690%29&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781857530971&rft.au=Noel+T.+St.+John+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzDxnAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522british%2Barmy%2522%2B1660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chandler2003-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler2003_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler2003_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler2003" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, David (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOgs8WpJI9AC&q=British+army+from+the+Act+of+Union&pg=PA45">The Oxford history of the British Army</a>. Oxford University Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280311-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280311-5"><bdi>978-0-19-280311-5</bdi></a>. <q>It is generally accepted that the regular standing army in Britain was officially created – in the sense of being fully accommodated within parliamentary control in 1689, although it is, strictly speaking, only correct to refer to the British army from the Act of Union with Scotland in 1707.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+history+of+the+British+Army&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280311-5&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZOgs8WpJI9AC%26q%3DBritish%2Barmy%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BAct%2Bof%2BUnion%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stats_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2024/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-1-july-2024#uk-service-personnel">"Quarterly service personnel statistics 1 July 2024"</a>. Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quarterly+service+personnel+statistics+1+July+2024&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fstatistics%2Fquarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2024%2Fquarterly-service-personnel-statistics-1-july-2024%23uk-service-personnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/quarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2024">"Quarterly service personnel statistics 1 July 2024"</a>. gov.uk. 21 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gov.uk&rft.atitle=Quarterly+service+personnel+statistics+1+July+2024&rft.date=2024-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fstatistics%2Fquarterly-service-personnel-statistics-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1994" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Noel T. St John (1 January 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zDxnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22british+army%22+1660">Redcoats and courtesans: the birth of the British Army (1660–1690)</a>. 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H. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44220102">"The Honourable the Board of Ordnance. 1299—1855"</a>. Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 4 (17): 100–104. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44220102">44220102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+for+Army+Historical+Research&rft.atitle=The+Honourable+the+Board+of+Ordnance.+1299%E2%80%941855&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=100-104&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44220102%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Leslie%2C+J.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44220102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouisLowPorter2001" class="citation book cs1">Louis, William Roger; Low, Alaine M.; Porter, Andrew (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oo3F2X8IDeEC">The Oxford History of the British Empire: The nineteenth century</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924678-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924678-6"><bdi>978-0-19-924678-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+British+Empire%3A+The+nineteenth+century&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-924678-6&rft.aulast=Louis&rft.aufirst=William+Roger&rft.au=Low%2C+Alaine+M.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doo3F2X8IDeEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnstonReisman2007" class="citation book cs1">Johnston, Douglas; Reisman, W. 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Brill. p. 508. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2393-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-2393-5"><bdi>978-90-474-2393-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Foundations+of+World+Order%3A+The+Tower+and+the+Arena&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-474-2393-5&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Reisman%2C+W.+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdVuwCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared@mod.uk" class="citation web cs1">cgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared@mod.uk, The British Army. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/operations-deployments.aspx">"The British Army – Operations and Deployments"</a>. army.mod.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170128122234/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/operations-deployments.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2017. 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Chandler, ed., The Oxford history of the British army (1996) pp 24–45. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrowbridge2015" class="citation web cs1">Trowbridge, Benjamin (11 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blog/victorious-army-making-raising-king-henry-vs-army-1415/">"A victorious army in the making: Raising King Henry V's army of 1415"</a>. National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018013732/http://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/blog/victorious-army-making-raising-king-henry-vs-army-1415/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+victorious+army+in+the+making%3A+Raising+King+Henry+V%27s+army+of+1415&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft.date=2015-08-11&rft.aulast=Trowbridge&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Fblog%2Fvictorious-army-making-raising-king-henry-vs-army-1415%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers1968207–211-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers1968207–211_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRogers1968">Rogers 1968</a>, pp. 207–211. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Lord Macaulay The History of England from the accession of James the Second (C.H. Firth ed. 1913) 1:136–38 </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=47290">"'Charles II, 1661: An Act declaring the sole Right of the Militia to be in King and for the present ordering & disposing the same.', Statutes of the Realm: volume 5: 1628–80 (1819)"</a>. pp. 308–309. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215615/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=47290">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Charles+II%2C+1661%3A+An+Act+declaring+the+sole+Right+of+the+Militia+to+be+in+King+and+for+the+present+ordering+%26+disposing+the+same.%27%2C+Statutes+of+the+Realm%3A+volume+5%3A+1628%E2%80%9380+%281819%29&rft.pages=308-309&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.asp%3Fcompid%3D47290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> David Chandler, The Oxford History of the British Army (2003) p. 46. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOgs8WpJI9AC&dq=british+army+founded+1660&pg=PA46">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> David Chandler, The Oxford History of the British Army (2003) p. 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOgs8WpJI9AC&dq=british+army+founded+1660&pg=PA47">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Mallinson, p. 2 </li> <li id="cite_note-Clayton2014-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Clayton2014_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton2014" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Anthony (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlDJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12">The British Officer: Leading the Army from 1660 to the Present</a>. Routledge. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-86444-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-86444-8"><bdi>978-1-317-86444-8</bdi></a>. <q>The first standing Army for Britain, a force of some 5,000 men on the English establishment, was formed at the Restoration in 1660–61. Separate forces were maintained on the Scottish and Irish establishments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Officer%3A+Leading+the+Army+from+1660+to+the+Present&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-86444-8&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlDJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glozier2007-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Glozier2007_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlozierOnnekink2007" class="citation book cs1">Glozier, Matthew; Onnekink, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uC7TWCDcOBwC&pg=PA31">War, religion and service: Huguenot soldiering, 1685–1713</a>. Ashgate. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5444-5"><bdi>978-0-7546-5444-5</bdi></a>. <q>After the Restoration there were separate English and Scottish (until 1707 unification) and Irish (until later 1800 union) military establishments, reflecting the national revenue from which a military unit was maintained. In operational and administrative matters all three combined into a single formation of a unified British Army by the start of the 19th century. From 1688, the description 'British' army is both textually convenient and historically accurate.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War%2C+religion+and+service%3A+Huguenot+soldiering%2C+1685%E2%80%931713&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5444-5&rft.aulast=Glozier&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Onnekink%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuC7TWCDcOBwC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> David Chandler, The Oxford History of the British Army (2003) pp. xvi–xvii </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiller2000">Miller 2000</a>, p. 144 </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> Chandler, ed., The Oxford history of the British army (1996) pp. 46–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Correlli Barnett, Britain and her army, 1509–1970: a military, political and social survey (1970) pp. 90–98, 110–125. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/23301.aspx">"History"</a>. British Army. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061954/http://www.army.mod.uk/infantry/23301.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=British+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Finfantry%2F23301.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoyal_Scots_Greys184056–57-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoyal_Scots_Greys184056–57_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoyal_Scots_Greys1840">Royal Scots Greys 1840</a>, pp. 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 50 </li> <li id="cite_note-ma165-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma165_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma165_38-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 104. </li> <li id="cite_note-ma106-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma106_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma106_40-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 129 </li> <li id="cite_note-ma102-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma102_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma102_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma102_42-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 102 </li> <li id="cite_note-boxer-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boxer_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boxer_43-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBates2010">Bates 2010</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaonga" class="citation web cs1">Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/new-zealand-wars/page-1">"1. – New Zealand wars – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>. www.teara.govt.nz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403190049/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/new-zealand-wars/page-1">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.teara.govt.nz&rft.atitle=1.+%E2%80%93+New+Zealand+wars+%E2%80%93+Te+Ara+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.aulast=Taonga&rft.aufirst=New+Zealand+Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage+Te+Manatu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fnew-zealand-wars%2Fpage-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor,_John2005" class="citation cs2">Connor, John (2005), The Australian frontier wars, 1788–1838, UNSW Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-756-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86840-756-2"><bdi>978-0-86840-756-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Australian+frontier+wars%2C+1788%E2%80%931838&rft.pub=UNSW+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-86840-756-2&rft.au=Connor%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ma210-46"><a href="#cite_ref-ma210_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 210 </li> <li id="cite_note-ma257-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ma257_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma257_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ma257_47-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 257 </li> <li id="cite_note-fenian-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fenian_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fenian_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doyle.com.au/fenian_raids.htm">"The Fenian Raids"</a>. Doyle.com.au. 15 September 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404161321/http://www.doyle.com.au/fenian_raids.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Fenian+Raids&rft.pub=Doyle.com.au&rft.date=2001-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doyle.com.au%2Ffenian_raids.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ma282-49"><a href="#cite_ref-ma282_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 282 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 203. </li> <li id="cite_note-ma195-51"><a href="#cite_ref-ma195_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 195. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umbc.edu/che/tahlessons/pdf/Pontiacs_War(PrinterFriendly).pdf">Pontiac's War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110428140752/http://www.umbc.edu/che/tahlessons/pdf/Pontiacs_War(PrinterFriendly).pdf">Archived</a> 28 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Baltimore County Public Schools </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 110. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1965" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Donald Craigie (1965). The Dominion Partnership in Imperial Defense, 1870–1914. Baltimore, Maryland, US: Johns Hopkins Press. p. 14. <q>There were more than 44,000 troops stationed overseas in colonial garrisons, and slightly more than half of these were in imperial fortresses: in the Mediterranean, Bermuda, Halifax, St. Helena, and Mauritius. The rest of the forces were in colonies proper, with a heavy concentration in New Zealand and South Africa. The imperial government paid approximately £1,715,000 per annum toward the maintenance of these forces, and the various colonial governments contributed £370,000, the largest amounts coming from <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dominion+Partnership+in+Imperial+Defense%2C+1870%E2%80%931914&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland%2C+US&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Donald+Craigie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy,_R.N.1885" class="citation magazine cs1">Kennedy, R.N., Captain W. R. (1 July 1885). "An Unknown Colony: Sport, Travel and Adventure in Newfoundland and the West Indies". Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh, Scotland, and 37 Paternoster Row, London, England. p. 111. <q>As a fortress, Bermuda is of the first importance. It is situated almost exactly half-way between the northern and the southern naval stations; while nature has made it practically impregnable. The only approach lies through that labyrinth of reefs and narrow channels which Captain Kennedy has described. The local pilots are sworn to secrecy; and, what is more reassuring, by lifting buoys and laying down torpedoes, hostile vessels trying to thread the passage must come to inevitable grief, So far Bermuda may be considered safe, whatever may be the condition of the fortifications and the cannon in the batteries. Yet the universal neglect of our colonial defences is apparent in the fact that no telegraphic communication has hitherto been established with the West Indies on the one side, or with the Dominion of Canada on the other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Blackwood%27s+Edinburgh+Magazine&rft.atitle=An+Unknown+Colony%3A+Sport%2C+Travel+and+Adventure+in+Newfoundland+and+the+West+Indies&rft.pages=111&rft.date=1885-07-01&rft.aulast=Kennedy%2C+R.N.&rft.aufirst=Captain+W.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVERAX1889" class="citation magazine cs1">VERAX, (anonymous) (1 May 1889). "The Defense of Canada. (From Colburn's United Service Magazine)". The United Service: A Quarterly Review of Military and Naval Affairs. LR Hamersly & Co., 1510 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US; subsequently LR Hamersly, 49 Wall Street, New York City, New York, US; BF Stevens & Brown, 4 Trafalgar Square, London, England. p. 552. <q>The objectives for America are clearly marked — Halifax, Quebec, Montreal, Prescott, Kingston, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver. Halifax and Vancouver are certain to be most energetically attacked, for they will be the naval bases, besides Bermuda, from which England would carry on her naval attack on the American coasts and commerce.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+United+Service%3A+A+Quarterly+Review+of+Military+and+Naval+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Defense+of+Canada.+%28From+Colburn%27s+United+Service+Magazine%29&rft.pages=552&rft.date=1889-05-01&rft.aulast=VERAX&rft.aufirst=%28anonymous%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawsonSutherland1898" class="citation book cs1">Dawson, George M.; Sutherland, Alexander (1898). MacMillan's Geographical Series: Elementary Geography of the British Colonies. London: MacMillan and Co., Limited, London, England, UK; The MacMillan Company, New York City, New York, US. p. 184. <q>There is a strongly fortified dockyard, and the defensive works, together with the intricate character of the approaches to the harbour, render the islands an almost impregnable fortress. Bermuda is governed as a Crown colony by a Governor who is also Commander-in-Chief, assisted by an appointed Executive Council and a representative House of Assembly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=MacMillan%27s+Geographical+Series%3A+Elementary+Geography+of+the+British+Colonies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=MacMillan+and+Co.%2C+Limited%2C+London%2C+England%2C+UK%3B+The+MacMillan+Company%2C+New+York+City%2C+New+York%2C+US&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFarlane1891" class="citation book cs1">MacFarlane, Thomas (1891). Within the Empire; An Essay on Imperial Federation. Ottawa: James Hope & Co., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. p. 29. <q>Besides the Imperial fortress of Malta, Gibraltar, Halifax and Bermuda it has to maintain and arm coaling stations and forts at Siena Leone, St. Helena, Simons Bay (at the Cape of Good Hope), Trincomalee, Jamaica and Port Castries (in the island of Santa Lucia).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Within+the+Empire%3B+An+Essay+on+Imperial+Federation&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=James+Hope+%26+Co.%2C+Ottawa%2C+Ontario%2C+Canada&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=MacFarlane&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMallinson2009">Mallinson 2009</a>, p. 177. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/irish_reb_01.shtml">The 1798 Irish Rebellion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207080021/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/irish_reb_01.shtml">Archived</a> 7 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/1812/">"Guide to the War of 1812"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons%3A+Defence+Statistics+2000&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=16-17&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.date=2000-12-21&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonslibrary.parliament.uk%2Fresearch-briefings%2Frp00-99%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoD2010-142"><a href="#cite_ref-MoD2010_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140116142443/http://www.dasa.mod.uk/publications/personnel/military/archive/quarterly-personnel-report/2010-01-01/1_january_2010.pdf">UK Armed Forces Quarterly Manning Report</a> (PDF). United Kingdom: Ministry of Defence. 4 March 2010. p. 13. 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Retrieved 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+Armed+Forces+Quarterly+Manning+Report&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dasa.mod.uk%2Fpublications%2Fpersonnel%2Fmilitary%2Farchive%2Fquarterly-personnel-report%2F2010-01-01%2F1_january_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> (Table 2a – Strength of UK Armed Forces1 – full-time trained and untrained personnel) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140116142443/http://www.dasa.mod.uk/publications/personnel/military/reserves-and-cadets-strengths/2010-04-01/2010-revised.pdf">UK RESERVE FORCES STRENGTHS</a> (PDF). United Kingdom: Ministry of Defence. 22 September 2010. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dasa.mod.uk/publications/personnel/military/reserves-and-cadets-strengths/2010-04-01/2010-revised.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+RESERVE+FORCES+STRENGTHS&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2010-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dasa.mod.uk%2Fpublications%2Fpersonnel%2Fmilitary%2Freserves-and-cadets-strengths%2F2010-04-01%2F2010-revised.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> (Table 1 – Strengths of All Services Reserves) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_144-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_144-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army.mod.uk/deployments/africa/">"Africa"</a>. www.army.mod.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.mod.uk&rft.atitle=Africa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fdeployments%2Fafrica%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> 1710–1900,<a href="#cite_note-Rasler-130">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> 1918 & 1945,<a href="#cite_note-Summers-132">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-a-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-b-134">[133]</a> 1920,<a href="#cite_note-Hansard1920-135">[134]</a> 1930,<a href="#cite_note-Hansard1930-136">[135]</a> 1950,<a href="#cite_note-Rutherford-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansard1950-138">[137]</a> 1960,<a href="#cite_note-Rutherford-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansard1960-139">[138]</a> 1970,<a href="#cite_note-Hansard1970-140">[139]</a> 1980–2000,<a href="#cite_note-Berman-141">[140]</a> 2010,<a href="#cite_note-MoD2010-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> 2015,<a href="#cite_note-:1-144">[143]</a> 2020<a href="#cite_note-statistics2021-128">[127]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/FOI-Size-of-the-UK-Armed-Forces-Since-1700.pdf">"An Annual Times Series For The Size Of The Armed Forces (Army, Navy & RAF) Since 1700"</a> (PDF). bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com. 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Retrieved 15 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com&rft.atitle=An+Annual+Times+Series+For+The+Size+Of+The+Armed+Forces+%28Army%2C+Navy+%26+RAF%29+Since+1700&rft.date=2017-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F07%2FFOI-Size-of-the-UK-Armed-Forces-Since-1700.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linch-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Linch_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linch_147-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Linch_147-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinch2024" class="citation book cs1">Linch, Kevin (2024). The British Army, 1783–1815. 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Retrieved 9 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.mod.uk&rft.atitle=The+British+Army+%E2%80%93+General+purpose+machine+gun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fequipment%2F23226.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared@mod.uk" class="citation web cs1">cgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared@mod.uk, The British Army. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/equipment/23223.aspx">"The British Army – L115A3 Long range 'sniper' rifle"</a>. www.army.mod.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410084543/http://www.army.mod.uk/equipment/23223.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.mod.uk&rft.atitle=The+British+Army+%E2%80%93+L115A3+Long+range+%27sniper%27+rifle&rft.aulast=cgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared%40mod.uk&rft.aufirst=The+British+Army&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fequipment%2F23223.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saab.com/products/nlaw">"NLAW"</a>. Stockholm, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">SE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saab_AB" title="Saab AB">Saab AB</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227124742/https://www.saab.com/products/nlaw">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. 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Retrieved 2 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+British+Army+in+Brunei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Foperations-deployments%2F22792.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22727.aspx">"The British Army in Canada"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605063606/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22727.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2016. 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Retrieved 28 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.army.mod.uk&rft.atitle=Introducing+the+Army%27s+latest+cap+badge%3A+Ranger+Regiment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2Franger-regiment-cap-badge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBates2010" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Gill (2010). Rising Star: China's New Security Diplomacy. 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Historical record of the Royal regiment of Scots dragoons: now the Second, or Royal North British dragoons, commonly called the Scots greys, to 1839. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8UEIAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA56">56</a>–57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+record+of+the+Royal+regiment+of+Scots+dragoons%3A+now+the+Second%2C+or+Royal+North+British+dragoons%2C+commonly+called+the+Scots+greys%2C+to+1839&rft.pages=56-57&rft.date=1840&rft.au=Royal+Scots+Greys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharrock2008" class="citation news cs1">Sharrock, David (10 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429092731/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4724617.ece">"Irish recruits sign up for British Army in cross-border revolution"</a>. The Times. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article4724617.ece">the original</a> on 29 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Irish+recruits+sign+up+for+British+Army+in+cross-border+revolution&rft.date=2008-09-10&rft.aulast=Sharrock&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Farticle4724617.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSMH_Military_correspondent1939" class="citation news cs1">SMH Military correspondent (26 October 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lE4RAAAAIBAJ&pg=7292,3736980&dq=army+britain+number">"British Army Expansion"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 5. Retrieved 18 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=British+Army+Expansion&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1939-10-26&rft.au=SMH+Military+correspondent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DlE4RAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D7292%2C3736980%26dq%3Darmy%2Bbritain%2Bnumber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrawson1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Strawson_(British_Army_officer)" title="John Strawson (British Army officer)">Strawson, John</a> (1989). Gentlemen in Khaki: The British Army 1890–1990. Secker & Warburg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-4364-9994-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-4364-9994-4"><bdi>978-0-4364-9994-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentlemen+in+Khaki%3A+The+British+Army+1890%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-4364-9994-4&rft.aulast=Strawson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A.J.P._Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="A.J.P. Taylor">Taylor, AJP</a> (1976). The Second World War an illustrated history. Penguin books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-004135-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-004135-4"><bdi>0-14-004135-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+World+War+an+illustrated+history&rft.pub=Penguin+books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-14-004135-4&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=AJP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorBrooke-Holland2012" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Claire; Brooke-Holland, Louisa (28 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN05951.pdf">"Armed Forces Redundancies"</a> (PDF). House of Commons. Retrieved 13 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armed+Forces+Redundancies&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.au=Brooke-Holland%2C+Louisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbriefing-papers%2FSN05951.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarwick2014" class="citation book cs1">Warwick, Nigel W. M. (2014). In every place: The RAF Armoured Cars in the Middle East 1921–1953. Rushden, Northamptonshire, England: Forces & Corporate Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9574725-2-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9574725-2-5"><bdi>978-0-9574725-2-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+every+place%3A+The+RAF+Armoured+Cars+in+the+Middle+East+1921%E2%80%931953&rft.place=Rushden%2C+Northamptonshire%2C+England&rft.pub=Forces+%26+Corporate+Publishing+Ltd.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-9574725-2-5&rft.aulast=Warwick&rft.aufirst=Nigel+W.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritish+Army" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Army&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style 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href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Deputy Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Deputy Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Sergeant_Major" title="Army Sergeant Major">Army Sergeant Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_generals_and_brigadiers_of_the_British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="List of serving generals and brigadiers of the British Army">Current serving senior officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Soldier_(British_Army)" title="Future Soldier (British Army)">Future Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_British_Army" title="Structure of the British Army">Structure of the British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_order_of_precedence" title="British Army order of precedence">Order of precedence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes" title="British war crimes">War crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_and_the_United_Kingdom" title="Chemical weapons and the United Kingdom">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom">Nuclear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Army_installations" title="List of British Army installations">Installations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_equipment_of_the_British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern equipment of the British Army">Equipment</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_military_rifles" title="British military rifles">Rifles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_in_the_British_Army" title="Recruitment in the British Army">Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_and_Training_in_the_British_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Selection and Training in the British Army">Training</a></li> <li>Ranks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="British Army officer rank insignia">officer rank insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Other_ranks_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Other ranks (UK)">other ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army_other_ranks_rank_insignia" title="British Army other ranks rank insignia">other ranks rank insignia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_British_Army" title="Uniforms of the British Army">Uniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_British_Army" title="Timeline of the British Army">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Army Reserve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regiments and Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry" title="Household Cavalry">Household Cavalry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_Guards_(United_Kingdom)" title="Life Guards (United Kingdom)">Life Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_and_Royals" title="Blues and Royals">Blues and Royals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry_Regiment" title="Household Cavalry Regiment">Household Cavalry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_Cavalry_Mounted_Regiment" title="Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment">Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Armoured_Corps" title="Royal Armoured Corps">Royal Armoured Corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_The_Queen%27s_Dragoon_Guards" title="1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards">1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots_Dragoon_Guards" title="Royal Scots Dragoon Guards">Royal Scots Dragoon Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dragoon_Guards" title="Royal Dragoon Guards">Royal Dragoon Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Royal_Hussars" title="Queen's Royal Hussars">Queen's Royal Hussars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Lancers" title="Royal Lancers">Royal Lancers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Hussars" title="King's Royal Hussars">King's Royal Hussars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Dragoons" title="Light Dragoons">Light Dragoons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Tank_Regiment" title="Royal Tank Regiment">Royal Tank Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yeomanry" title="Royal Yeomanry">Royal Yeomanry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Wessex_Yeomanry" title="Royal Wessex Yeomanry">Royal Wessex Yeomanry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Yeomanry" title="Queen's Own Yeomanry">Queen's Own Yeomanry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_and_North_Irish_Yeomanry" title="Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry">Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_of_the_British_Army" title="Infantry of the British Army">Infantry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foot_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot Guards">Foot Guards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grenadier_Guards" title="Grenadier Guards">Grenadier Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_Guards" title="Scots Guards">Scots Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Guards" title="Irish Guards">Irish Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Guards" title="Welsh Guards">Welsh Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Guards" title="London Guards">London Guards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Line Infantry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Scotland" title="Royal Regiment of Scotland">Royal Regiment of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales%27s_Royal_Regiment" title="Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment">Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Lancaster%27s_Regiment" title="Duke of Lancaster's Regiment">Duke of Lancaster's Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Regiment_of_Fusiliers" title="Royal Regiment of Fusiliers">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="Royal Yorkshire Regiment">Royal Yorkshire Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercian_Regiment" title="Mercian Regiment">Mercian Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Welsh" title="Royal Welsh">Royal Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Regiment_(1992)" title="Royal Irish Regiment (1992)">Royal Irish Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rifles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gurkha_Rifles" title="Royal Gurkha Rifles">Royal Gurkha Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rifles" title="The Rifles">The Rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overseas regiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Regiment" title="Royal Gibraltar Regiment">Royal Gibraltar Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bermuda_Regiment" title="Royal Bermuda Regiment">Royal Bermuda Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Montserrat_Defence_Force" title="Royal Montserrat Defence Force">Royal Montserrat Defence Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_Regiment" title="Cayman Islands Regiment">Cayman Islands Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands_Regiment" title="Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment">Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_Defence_Force" title="Falkland Islands Defence Force">Falkland Islands Defence Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Combat Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Reconnaissance_Regiment" title="Special Reconnaissance Regiment">Special Reconnaissance Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ranger Regiment (United Kingdom)">Ranger Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)">Army Air Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat Support Arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Signals" title="Royal Corps of Signals">Royal Corps of Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)">Intelligence Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combat Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Chaplains%27_Department" title="Royal Army Chaplains' Department">Royal Army Chaplains' Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Electrical_and_Mechanical_Engineers" title="Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers">Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_School_Corps" title="Small Arms School Corps">Small Arms School Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Physical_Training_Corps" title="Royal Army Physical Training Corps">Royal Army Physical Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Service_Corps" title="General Service Corps">General Service Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Army_Music" title="Royal Corps of Army Music">Royal Corps of Army Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Service" title="Royal Army Medical Service">Royal Army Medical Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Adjutant_General&#039;s_Corps" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adjutant_General%27s_Corps" title="Adjutant General's Corps">Adjutant General's Corps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staff_and_Personnel_Support" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff and Personnel Support">Staff and Personnel Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_and_Training_Services_Branch" title="Educational and Training Services Branch">Educational and Training Services Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Legal_Services_Branch" title="Army Legal Services Branch">Army Legal Services Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_Police" title="Royal Military Police">Royal Military Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Provost_Staff" title="Military Provost Staff">Military Provost Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Provost_Guard_Service" title="Military Provost Guard Service">Military Provost Guard Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Army" title="Category:British Army">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Armed_Forces" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Armed_Forces" title="Template:British Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:British Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief_of_the_British_Armed_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-chief of the British Armed Forces">Head of the Armed Forces</a> — <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> — <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Sir Keir Starmer</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> — <a href="/wiki/John_Healey" title="John Healey">John Healey</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a> — <a href="/wiki/Tony_Radakin" title="Tony Radakin">Admiral Sir Tony Radakin</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff</a> — <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Nesmith" title="Sharon Nesmith">General Dame Sharon Nesmith</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:2%;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-top:0.5em;width:20em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/55px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/83px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/110px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a>  <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord_and_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff">1SL & CNS</a>) </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.5em;width:20em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/55px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/83px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg/110px-Flag_of_the_British_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="406" /></a>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">CGS</a>) </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-top:0.5em;width:20em;"><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/55px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/83px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/110px-Air_Force_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a>  <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)">CAS</a>) </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Use in Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">in Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_in_the_British_Armed_Forces" title="Irish in the British Armed Forces">by the Irish</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armies_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armies_in_Europe" title="Template:Armies in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armies_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Armies in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Armies_in_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Armies in Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armies_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Armies</a> in Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Land Force">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Ground_Forces" title="Armenian Ground Forces">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces#Army" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Land_Forces" title="Azerbaijani Land Forces">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Ground_Forces" title="Belarusian Ground Forces">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Land_Component" title="Belgian Land Component">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Land_Forces" title="Bulgarian Land Forces">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_National_Guard" title="Cypriot National Guard">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Land_Forces" title="Czech Land Forces">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Land_Forces" title="Estonian Land Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Land_Forces" title="Georgian Land Forces">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ground_Forces" title="Hungarian Ground Forces">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Army" title="Irish Army">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Ground_Forces" title="Kazakh Ground Forces">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Land_Forces" title="Latvian Land Forces">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Forces" title="Lithuanian Land Forces">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Armed_Forces" title="Luxembourg Armed Forces">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Ground_Forces" title="Moldovan Ground Forces">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Ground_Army" title="Montenegrin Ground Army">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces" title="Sammarinese Armed Forces">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Army" title="Serbian Army">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_Forces_of_the_Slovak_Republic" title="Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Ground_Force" title="Slovenian Ground Force">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazian_Armed_Forces#Army" title="Abkhazian Armed Forces">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Security_Force" title="Kosovo Security Force">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Forces_Command" title="Security Forces Command">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Ossetia" title="Armed Forces of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Transnistria" title="Armed Forces of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NATO_Allied_Land_Command" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allied_Land_Command" title="Template:Allied Land Command"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allied_Land_Command" title="Template talk:Allied Land Command"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Allied_Land_Command" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Allied Land Command"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NATO_Allied_Land_Command" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Land_Command" title="Allied Land Command">Allied Land Command</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">NATO <a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">land forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Land Force">Albanian Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Land_Component" title="Belgian Land Component">Belgian Land Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Land_Forces" title="Bulgarian Land Forces">Bulgarian Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Land_Forces" title="Czech Land Forces">Czech Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Army" title="Royal Danish Army">Royal Danish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Land_Forces" title="Estonian Land Forces">Estonian Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Army" title="Finnish Army">Finnish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/German_Army" title="German Army">German Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Army" title="Hellenic Army">Hellenic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Ground_Forces" title="Hungarian Ground Forces">Hungarian Ground Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iceland_Crisis_Response_Unit" title="Iceland Crisis Response Unit">Iceland Crisis Response Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Army" title="Italian Army">Italian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabinieri" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Land_Forces" title="Latvian Land Forces">Latvian Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Land_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Land Force">Lithuanian Land Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg Army">Luxembourg Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Ground_Army" title="Montenegrin Ground Army">Montenegrin Ground Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Army" title="Royal Netherlands Army">Royal Netherlands Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_North_Macedonia" title="Army of North Macedonia">Army of North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norwegian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Army" title="Portuguese Army">Portuguese Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ground_Forces_of_the_Slovak_Republic" title="Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic">Ground Forces of the Slovak Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Ground_Force" title="Slovenian Ground Force">Slovenian Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Army" title="Swedish Army">Swedish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Turkish Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Allied Land Command"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Allied_Land_Command.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="409" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222595#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122153794">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000088983339">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124946906">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1004366-4">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063282">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10125134j">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10125134j">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35142323">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl03b8z6048p93n">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007526385105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f8a1678c-ae6b-46da-be95-7417a98d2613">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/114627134">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6p884pf">SNAC</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/40576">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Template:Allied_Land_Command"," 5.39% 124.459 1 Template:Military_navigation"," 4.98% 114.928 35 Template:Nowrap"," 4.94% 114.145 32 Template:Flagicon"," 4.84% 111.705 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.326","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13771073,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"Balkans_conflicts\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdministrator\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArchives\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC_staff2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBates2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeevor1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowdenLagassé2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritish_Armyn.d.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooke-HollandRutherford2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuchanan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnside2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassidy2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandlerBeckett2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClifford_Walton1894\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnor,_John2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCowan1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawsonSutherland1898\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnsor1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFremont-Barnes2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallardoCaulcutt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlozierOnnekink2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrodzinski2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaynes2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeyman2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnstonReisman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy,_R.N.1885\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeslie,_J._H.1925\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinch2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLouisLowPorter2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacFarlane1891\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMallinson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGarrigle2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKernan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Duffy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNZDSI2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoel_T._St._John_Williams1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorton-Taylor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOED_Rupert2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOED_Taffy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRasler1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRigby1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRipley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogers1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyal_Scots_Greys1840\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRt._Hon_Earl_Brownlow1900\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSMH_Military_correspondent1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharrock2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrawson1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSummers2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaonga\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylorBrooke-Holland2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTravisMacAskill2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrowbridge2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVERAX1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalton1894\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarwick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFcgsmediacomma-amc-dig-shared@mod.uk\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFhere\"] = 1,\n [\"Low_intensity_operations\"] = 1,\n [\"Modern_British_Army\"] = 1,\n [\"Modern_Equipment\"] = 1,\n [\"Uniform\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Allied Land Command\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 5,\n [\"Armies in Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"British Armed Forces\"] = 1,\n [\"British Army\"] = 1,\n [\"British Army Arms\"] = 1,\n [\"British Army Officer Rank\"] = 1,\n [\"British Army Other Rank\"] = 1,\n [\"British Army navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 41,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite newspaper The Times\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 143,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"DOI\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 31,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox military unit\"] = 1,\n [\"London Gazette\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 17,\n [\"NoteFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTag\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Portalbar\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 4,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulletedlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 11,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","280","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","17.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","8.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","100","7.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","4.3"],["citation0 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