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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_campaign_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>2004 campaign presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_campaign_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-congressional_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-congressional_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-congressional career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-congressional_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_further" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_further"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See further</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_further-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gephardt" title="Richard Gephardt – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%98" title="דיק גפהארדט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיק גפהארדט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%AA" title="ديك جيفاردت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديك جيفاردت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dick Gephardt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%82" title="Дік Гефардт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дік Гефардт" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American attorney, lobbyist and politician (born 1941)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of 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class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dick+Gephardt%22">"Dick Gephardt"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dick+Gephardt%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dick+Gephardt%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dick+Gephardt%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dick+Gephardt%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dick+Gephardt%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Dick Gephardt</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg/220px-Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg/330px-Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg/440px-Dick_Gephardt_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1276" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1997</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Minority Leader</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Whip</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">David Bonior</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Robert H. Michel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of the <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_Leader" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Democratic Caucus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1995 – January 3, 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Speaker</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Whip</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_(Pennsylvania_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Gray (Pennsylvania politician)">William H. Gray</a><br /><a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">David Bonior</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Foley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Chair of the House Democratic Caucus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">Tip O'Neill</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Jim Wright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis William Long</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_(Pennsylvania_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Gray (Pennsylvania politician)">William H. Gray</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Missouri03 !"><a href="/wiki/Missouri%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Missouri's 3rd congressional district">3rd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 1977 – January 3, 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russ_Carnahan" title="Russ Carnahan">Russ Carnahan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen" title="St. Louis Board of Aldermen">St. Louis Board of Aldermen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen#Current_members" title="St. Louis Board of Aldermen">14th</a> Ward</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1971–1976</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Andrew Gephardt</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1941-01-31</span>) </span>January 31, 1941<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 83)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Jane Gephardt (m. 1966; died 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Chrissy_Gephardt" title="Chrissy Gephardt">Chrissy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1965–1971</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Air_National_Guard" title="Missouri Air National Guard">Missouri Air National Guard</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:House_Minority_Leader_Dick_Gephardt_on_Russian_Missile_Exports_to_Iran.ogg" title="File:House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt on Russian Missile Exports to Iran.ogg">Dick Gephardt's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="407" data-mwtitle="House_Minority_Leader_Dick_Gephardt_on_Russian_Missile_Exports_to_Iran.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/House_Minority_Leader_Dick_Gephardt_on_Russian_Missile_Exports_to_Iran.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/35/House_Minority_Leader_Dick_Gephardt_on_Russian_Missile_Exports_to_Iran.ogg/House_Minority_Leader_Dick_Gephardt_on_Russian_Missile_Exports_to_Iran.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Dick Gephardt on legislation sanctioning <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> for missile exports to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br />Recorded June 9, 1998</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Andrew Gephardt</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born January 31, 1941) is an American attorney, lobbyist, and politician who represented <span data-sort-value="Missouri03 !"><a href="/wiki/Missouri%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Missouri's 3rd congressional district">Missouri's 3rd congressional district</a></span> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> from 1977 to 2005. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, he was <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House majority leader</a> from 1989 to 1995 and <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">minority leader</a> from 1995 to 2003. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> in <a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1988</a> and <a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2004</a>. Gephardt was mentioned as a possible vice presidential nominee in <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since his retirement from politics, Gephardt has become a significant <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a>. He founded a Washington-based public affairs firm, Gephardt Government Affairs; an Atlanta-based labor consultancy, the Gephardt Group; and a <a href="/wiki/Direct_primary_care" title="Direct primary care">direct primary care</a> group, SolidaritUS Health.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also consults for <a href="/wiki/DLA_Piper" title="DLA Piper">DLA Piper</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of <a href="/wiki/Issue_One" title="Issue One">Issue One</a> and co-chair of Issue One's Council for Responsible Social Media with former Massachusetts lieutenant governor <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Healey" title="Kerry Healey">Kerry Healey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gephardt was born in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, the son of Loreen Estelle (née Cassell) and Louis Andrew Gephardt, a <a href="/wiki/Teamsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Teamsters">Teamster</a> milkman; part of his ancestry is <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated from the former Southwest High School in 1958. Gephardt is an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_rank_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Scout rank (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a> and recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Distinguished Eagle Scout Award">Distinguished Eagle Scout Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a>. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> at <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> in 1962 where he was president of <a href="/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a>, the student senate, and his freshman class. He earned his <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">J.D.</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Law_School" title="University of Michigan Law School">University of Michigan Law School</a> in 1965.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1965, he was admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Bar">Missouri Bar</a>. He then entered the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Air_National_Guard" title="Missouri Air National Guard">Missouri Air National Guard</a>, where he served until 1971. </p><p>He and his wife Jane have three grown children, Matt, Katie, and <a href="/wiki/Chrissy_Gephardt" title="Chrissy Gephardt">Chrissy</a>. His brother, Donald L. Gephardt, was the Dean of The College of Fine and Performing Arts at <a href="/wiki/Rowan_University" title="Rowan University">Rowan University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glassboro,_New_Jersey" title="Glassboro, New Jersey">Glassboro, New Jersey</a>. </p><p>Gephardt was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> committeeman (<a href="/wiki/Precinct_captain" title="Precinct captain">precinct captain</a>) for the 14th ward in St. Louis from 1968 through 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-plans_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plans-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen_(1971–1976)"><span id="St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen_.281971.E2.80.931976.29"></span>St. Louis Board of Aldermen (1971–1976)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: St. Louis Board of Aldermen (1971–1976)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gephardt was the 14th ward <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">alderman</a> (city councilor) on the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Board_of_Aldermen" title="St. Louis Board of Aldermen">St. Louis Board of Aldermen</a> from 1971 to 1976. On the council, he was part of a group of young aldermen known informally as "The <a href="/wiki/Young_Turks" title="Young Turks">Young Turks</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-plans_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plans-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Representatives_(1976–2003)"><span id="House_of_Representatives_.281976.E2.80.932003.29"></span>House of Representatives (1976–2003)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: House of Representatives (1976–2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_tenure">Early tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, Gephardt was elected to Congress from the St. Louis–based 3rd District, succeeding 24-year incumbent <a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a>. He was elected 13 more times, opting not to run for reelection in 2004. For most of his Congressional career, Gephardt's National Political Director was St. Louis–based political consultant <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Aboussie" title="Joyce Aboussie">Joyce Aboussie</a>. Gephardt voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Passage_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Passage of Martin Luther King Jr. Day">bill</a> establishing <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">federal holiday</a> in August 1983 but did not vote on the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Restoration_Act_of_1987" title="Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987">Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987</a> (or the vote to override <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">President Reagan</a>'s veto in March 1988).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1988_presidential_campaign">1988 presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1988 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dickgephardt1988.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dickgephardt1988.gif/220px-Dickgephardt1988.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Dickgephardt1988.gif/330px-Dickgephardt1988.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Dickgephardt1988.gif 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="73" /></a><figcaption>campaign logo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee,_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/220px-Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/330px-Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/440px-Democratic_hopeful_Richard_Gephardt_speaks_to_the_audience_-_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt campaigning for president in <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallahassee">Tallahassee</a>, 1987</figcaption></figure> <p>Gephardt was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1988_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 U.S. presidential election">1988 presidential election</a>. He formally announced his candidacy in February 1987—one of the first to do so—and campaigned hard in Iowa, ultimately spending over 100 days in the state. He was stuck in low double digits in polls, but began moving ahead in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> in late December 1987 after running an ad that criticized trade barriers by Korea and Japan as unfair.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He won the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa caucus">Iowa caucuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> primary in February while finishing a strong second in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, making him a serious contender for the nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gephardt's early victories did not translate into support in other states, though, and he was not able to raise adequate funds to compete in the Southern primaries. His campaign ran out of money after losing badly in the March "<a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a>" primaries, when he won only the Missouri primary. An ad aired by Governor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a>'s campaign focused on Gephardt's "flip-flopping" voting record and showed a Gephardt look-alike doing forward and backward flips for the camera. Many felt the ad killed any chance Gephardt had of winning the nomination.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Gephardt dropped out after winning only 13% in Michigan, despite support from the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a>. Dukakis considered selecting Gephardt as his vice presidential running mate but instead chose <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="House_leadership">House leadership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: House leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Gephardt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dick_Gephardt.jpg/220px-Dick_Gephardt.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dick_Gephardt.jpg/330px-Dick_Gephardt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Dick_Gephardt.jpg/440px-Dick_Gephardt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="1132" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of Gephardt from the 1997 <i>Congressional Pictorial Directory</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_(42)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-President_Bill_Clinton_meets_with_Congressional_Leaders_%2842%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2087" data-file-height="2397" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt greeting President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in February 1993</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_(03)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Representative_Richard_Gephardt_Shakes_Hands_with_President_George_W._Bush_in_the_Oval_Office_%2803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt greeting President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in January 2001</figcaption></figure> <p>In part due to the visibility gained from his 1988 presidential bid, Gephardt was elected <a href="/wiki/Majority_Leader_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives">majority leader</a> by his House colleagues in June 1989, making him the second-ranking Democrat in the House, behind then-<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a>. Gephardt served in that position until January 1995. </p><p>After Foley was unseated in the Republican landslide of 1994 that gave the Republicans a 52-seat majority, Gephardt became the leader of the House Democrats, as <a href="/wiki/Minority_Leader_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives">minority leader</a>, initially opposite <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> and then, from 1999 onward, <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Hastert" title="Dennis Hastert">Dennis Hastert</a>. When Gingrich faced a coup within his own party in 1997, Gephardt could have become Speaker if there had been a floor vote and he gained the support of Republican members dissatisfied with Gingrich, but Gingrich refused to resign and no vote occurred. In the 1996, 1998, and 2000 elections, Gephardt led the Democrats to gains in the House,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they did not retake the majority until 2006, after Gephardt had left Congress. </p><p>Gephardt became a prolific financial supporter of Democrats around the country in the early 1990s, assembling a team of top fundraising staff who helped him support hundreds of candidates for local and federal office. Although Gephardt worked hard for many of President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s programs, he and his union supporters strongly opposed NAFTA and other "free trade" programs, so Clinton relied on Republican support to pass those initiatives. During the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment proceedings of President Clinton</a>, Gephardt led a walkout in the House after a censure motion was ruled irrelevant to the impeachment debate.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg/220px-Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg/330px-Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg/440px-Dick_Gephardt_1998.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4638" data-file-height="3512" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt speaking at a vigil for <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Shepard" title="Matthew Shepard">Matthew Shepard</a> in 1998</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2000, Vice President and Democratic presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> named Gephardt to his short list of possible vice presidential candidates. The other names on the short list were Indiana Senator <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a>, North Carolina Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a>, Massachusetts Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, Connecticut Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a>, and New Hampshire Governor <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Jeanne Shaheen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore eventually selected Lieberman. </p><p>In the 2002 Congressional midterm elections, Gephardt campaigned on the economy and Social Security, but the continuing resonance of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, the momentum for military action against Iraq, and President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s popularity lead to Republican gains, with the Democrats losing four House seats. <a href="/wiki/Harold_Ford_Jr." title="Harold Ford Jr.">Harold Ford Jr.</a> of Tennessee called the results an "absolute blowout" and called upon Gephardt to step down, saying that it was time for "new ideas and new faces". Due to his previous success, it has been said that Gephardt would have been easily returned as Minority Leader if he had decided to stay on.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Gephardt, who was planning to run for president in 2004, did not run for reelection as House Minority Leader, stepping down in January 2003. His leadership position was contested by the centrist <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frost" title="Martin Frost">Martin Frost</a>, the outgoing Democratic Caucus Chair, and the liberal <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>, the Minority Whip, who was elected as Gephardt's successor. No longer having Congressional leadership duties freed Gephardt up to concentrate on a 2004 presidential bid.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004_campaign_presidential_campaign">2004 campaign presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2004 campaign presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Dick Gephardt 2004 presidential campaign">Dick Gephardt 2004 presidential campaign</a></div> <p>Gephardt announced his <a href="/wiki/2004_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 U.S. presidential election">second run for president</a> on January 5, 2003. His successor as Minority Leader, Nancy Pelosi, endorsed him. His campaign was notable for the high-profile <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">coming out</a> of his daughter <a href="/wiki/Chrissy_Gephardt" title="Chrissy Gephardt">Chrissy</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i> magazine, while she was helping him on the campaign trail,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a subject they also discussed in interviews for the 2007 <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/For_the_Bible_Tells_Me_So" title="For the Bible Tells Me So">For the Bible Tells Me So</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he has continued to be an outspoken advocate for <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> since the campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although Republicans considered him a formidable candidate, Gephardt was seen by many as too old-fashioned and unelectable.<sup id="cite_ref-Swarns_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swarns-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His fundraising efforts were behind those of former <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a> and Senators <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a>, and tied with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a>. Gephardt's support of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq Resolution">Iraq War resolution</a> hurt him among <a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> activists. He promoted a form of <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, and was backed by 21 labor unions, but did not have enough support to receive the <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">AFL–CIO</a>'s endorsement.<sup id="cite_ref-Swarns_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swarns-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg/220px-Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg/330px-Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg/440px-Dick_Gephardt_supporters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Supporters of Gephardt's campaign in 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout early 2003, Gephardt was ahead in polling for the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_caucuses,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2004">Iowa caucus</a>, but by August Dean had taken the lead, his campaign fueled by antiwar activists. The Gephardt campaign was embarrassed by an early August <i><a href="/wiki/St_Louis_Post-Dispatch" class="mw-redirect" title="St Louis Post-Dispatch">St Louis Post-Dispatch</a></i> article that revealed that 11 of the 33 "Gephardt team leaders" listed on his Iowa campaign's website actually supported other candidates or were neutral. </p><p>The race between Gephardt and Dean became negative, and took an ugly turn in October when a Gephardt staffer reportedly pushed a Dean staffer out of a meeting while calling him a "<a href="/wiki/Faggot_(slang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggot (slang)">faggot</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many press at the event claimed the Dean staffer was picking a fight and that the Gephardt staffer did not make the hurtful comment. Dean chairman <a href="/wiki/Joe_Trippi" title="Joe Trippi">Joe Trippi</a> (who worked for Gephardt in 1988) and Gephardt chairman Steve Murphy became involved in a war of words over the incident, as well as Murphy's allegation that the Dean campaign was bringing in out-of-state non-residents to participate in the caucus. In the final days of the Iowa campaign, both Dean and Gephardt faded, and they finished third and fourth, respectively. Gephardt ended his presidential campaign after that disappointing result.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After he dropped out of the presidential race, Gephardt was mentioned as a possible running mate for <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>. On March 7, 2004, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Richardson (politician)">Bill Richardson</a>, also seen as a strong contender for the position, endorsed Gephardt for Vice President. "I think he's the best candidate," Richardson said of Gephardt in an interview with the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. "There's a good regional balance with Kerry and Gephardt." Kerry announced on July 6, 2004, that he had chosen <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> as his running mate. On the same day, the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> published a headline stating that Gephardt had become Kerry's running mate. The headline was compared to the 1948 "<a href="/wiki/Dewey_defeats_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewey defeats Truman">Dewey defeats Truman</a>" headline in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> that incorrectly reported the presidential election results that year. In 2007, it was revealed in Kerry campaign adviser <a href="/wiki/Bob_Shrum" title="Bob Shrum">Bob Shrum</a>'s book <i>No Excuses: Concessions of a Serial Campaigner</i> that Kerry wanted to choose Gephardt but was convinced by Shrum and others to choose Edwards. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237488509">.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box{overflow-x:hidden;margin-top:0.2em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);text-align:left;border:solid 1px silver}.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-title{border-bottom:solid 1px silver;background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns li,.mw-parser-output .endorsements-box-list-columns dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="endorsements-box mw-collapsible" style="width: 50em"><div class="endorsements-box-title">Dick Gephardt 2004 presidential campaign endorsements</div><div class="endorsements-box-list mw-collapsible-content"> <p><b>Senators</b> </p> <ul><li>Former Senator <a href="/wiki/Jean_Carnahan" title="Jean Carnahan">Jean Carnahan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Representatives</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Minority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="House Minority Leader">House Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Minority_Whip" class="mw-redirect" title="House Minority Whip">House Minority Whip</a> <a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Steny Hoyer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former House Majority and Minority Whip <a href="/wiki/David_Bonior" title="David Bonior">David Bonior</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Rob_Andrews" title="Rob Andrews">Rob Andrews</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Howard_Berman" title="Howard Berman">Howard Berman</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Lois_Capps" title="Lois Capps">Lois Capps</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Costello" title="Jerry Costello">Jerry Costello</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Jim Clyburn</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Chet_Edwards" title="Chet Edwards">Chet Edwards</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Lane_Evans" title="Lane Evans">Lane Evans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Bart_Gordon" title="Bart Gordon">Bart Gordon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Gene_Green" title="Gene Green">Gene Green</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hoeffel" title="Joe Hoeffel">Joe Hoeffel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Tim_Holden" title="Tim Holden">Tim Holden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Kennedy" title="Patrick J. Kennedy">Patrick J. Kennedy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Jim_Langevin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Langevin">Jim Langevin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Nita_Lowey" title="Nita Lowey">Nita Lowey</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Robert_Matsui" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Matsui">Robert Matsui</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">Karen McCarthy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Mike_McNulty" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike McNulty">Mike McNulty</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Jack_Murtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Murtha">Jack Murtha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">Dave Obey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Ed_Pastor" title="Ed Pastor">Ed Pastor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Silvestre_Reyes" title="Silvestre Reyes">Silvestre Reyes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ruppersberger" title="Dutch Ruppersberger">Dutch Ruppersberger</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Max_Sandlin" title="Max Sandlin">Max Sandlin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">Ike Skelton</a> of <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Spratt" title="John Spratt">John Spratt</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Representative <a href="/wiki/John_S._Tanner" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Tanner">John Tanner</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former Representative <a href="/wiki/Norman_D%27Amours" title="Norman D'Amours">Norman D'Amours</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former Representative <a href="/wiki/Butler_Derrick" title="Butler Derrick">Butler Derrick</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former Representative <a href="/wiki/Ed_Feighan" title="Ed Feighan">Ed Feighan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Governors and Lt. Governors</b> </p> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Evander_McNair" title="Robert Evander McNair">Robert Evander McNair</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Former <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Oklahoma" title="Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma">Lieutenant Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr_III" title="Robert S. Kerr III">Bob Kerr III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>State Legislatures leaders</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a> Minority Leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Burling_(politician)" title="Peter Burling (politician)">Peter Burling</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_House_of_Representatives" title="Rhode Island House of Representatives">Rhode Island House of Representatives</a> Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Fox" title="Gordon Fox">Gordon Fox</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_31-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Organizations</b> </p> <ul><li>South Carolina Conference of Black Mayors</li> <li>American Maritime Officers</li> <li>International Association of Machinists</li> <li>International Brotherhood of Teamsters</li> <li>International Iron Workers Union</li> <li>International Longshoremen's Association</li> <li>International Union of Bricklayers</li> <li>Seafarer's International Union</li> <li>Transportation Workers Union</li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_views">Political views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Political views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his election to the U.S. House in 1976, Gephardt's political views gradually moved to the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a>. Originally, Gephardt was strongly anti-<a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> and was viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">social conservative</a>. He was initially extremely critical of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court's</a> landmark <i><a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> ruling that legalized abortion. He wrote on the subject in 1984: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Life is the division of human <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a>, a process that begins with <a href="/wiki/Conception_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conception (biology)">conception</a>. The (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court's</a> abortion) ruling was unjust, and it is incumbent on the Congress to correct the injustice... I have always been supportive of pro-life legislation. I intend to remain steadfast on this issue.... I believe that the life of the unborn should be protected at all costs.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In 1987, when Gephardt decided to run for president, he announced that he would no longer support legislation to restrict abortion rights. He told the <a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">National Right to Life Committee</a>; "I now do not support any <a href="/wiki/Human_Life_Amendment" title="Human Life Amendment">Constitutional amendment</a> pertaining to the legality of abortion." </p><p>Gephardt's views on economic policy also changed over the years. He voted for <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tax_cuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax cuts">tax cuts</a> in 1981; in the 2000s, however, he became a staunch opponent of similar tax cuts by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, saying that the enormous surplus created during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> should have been spent on <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> instead. Gephardt is widely viewed as an economic <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>. He supports universal health coverage, <a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">fair trade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive taxation">progressive taxation</a>. Although he once chaired the <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a>, Gephardt in his later years in Congress distanced himself from the organization, finding his pro-labor views at odds with the DLC's pro-business positions. </p><p>On October 10, 2002, Gephardt was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>. He was an early supporter of the war, and cosponsor of the authorization resolution. However, three years later Gephardt said of his support for the war that "It was a mistake ... I was wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-congressional_career">Post-congressional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-congressional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transportation_Policy_Conference_(5839359479).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg/220px-Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg/330px-Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg/440px-Transportation_Policy_Conference_%285839359479%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt speaking in 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 3, 2005, Gephardt's three-decade political career ended with the expiration of his 14th term in the House of Representatives. That month, Gephardt started a consulting and lobbying firm, Gephardt Group, of which he is president and CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gephardt also joined the international law firm <a href="/wiki/DLA_Piper" title="DLA Piper">DLA Piper</a> as strategic advisor in the government affairs practice group from June 2005 to December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his new role as a Washington lobbyist, Gephardt, on behalf of the Republic of Turkey, has been actively lobbying against the House resolution condemning the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire. While supportive of the resolution while in Congress, he now contends that facts need to be better known before any position is taken on this historical controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gephardt served on the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Embarq_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Embarq Corporation">Embarq Corporation</a> from June 2007<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to July 1, 2009, when he became a member of the board of directors of <a href="/wiki/CenturyLink" class="mw-redirect" title="CenturyLink">CenturyLink</a>, Embarq's successor corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-CenturyLink_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenturyLink-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gephardt also serves as a director of <a href="/wiki/Centene_Corporation" title="Centene Corporation">Centene Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Aerosystems_Holdings,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit Aerosystems Holdings, Inc.">Spirit Aerosystems Holdings, Inc.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Steel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Steel Corporation">United States Steel Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CenturyLink_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenturyLink-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined Ford's board in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2007, Gephardt endorsed <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_presidential_campaign,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2008">for president</a>, leading some to speculate that he was interested in running for vice president in 2008. <a href="/wiki/DLA_Piper" title="DLA Piper">DLA Piper</a> become a major donor to Clinton's campaign, donating about $190,000.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gephardt was mentioned during the summer of 2008 as a possible vice-presidential choice for eventual nominee <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. </p><p>A collection of Gephardt's congressional documents, dating from 1994 to 2004, was processed from 2006 to 2007 by the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Historical_Society" title="Missouri Historical Society">Missouri Historical Society</a> for academic use, with a grant through the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> inaugurated the Richard A. Gephardt Institute of Public Service (now the <a href="/wiki/Gephardt_Institute_for_Civic_and_Community_Engagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement">Gephardt Institute for Civic and Community Engagement</a>), which educates students for life-long engaged citizenship and civic leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005, Gephardt has been a consultant to <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and <a href="/wiki/DLA_Piper" title="DLA Piper">DLA Piper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2007 he has been a consultant to <a href="/wiki/FTI_Consulting" title="FTI Consulting">FTI Consulting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, Gephardt began serving on the advisory board of the Extend Health insurance company, and then became a member of its board of directors. In 2009, Gephardt advised <a href="/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group" title="UnitedHealth Group">UnitedHealth Group</a>, one of America's largest private insurers, in waging a strong campaign against a public option for national health care.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Gephardt was elected chair of the Board of Trustees of <a href="/wiki/The_Scripps_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="The Scripps Research Institute">The Scripps Research Institute</a>, a nonprofit institute focusing on biomedical research.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LBJ_Foundation_and_More_Perfect_hosted_a_two-day_conference,_Trust_News_Democracy_at_the_Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum_on_10_April_2024_-_DIG15200jjg-008_(53656050628).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LBJ_Foundation_and_More_Perfect_hosted_a_two-day_conference%2C_Trust_News_Democracy_at_the_Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum_on_10_April_2024_-_DIG15200jjg-008_%2853656050628%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LBJ_Foundation_and_More_Perfect_hosted_a_two-day_conference%2C_Trust_News_Democracy_at_the_Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum_on_10_April_2024_-_DIG15200jjg-008_%2853656050628%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LBJ_Foundation_and_More_Perfect_hosted_a_two-day_conference%2C_Trust_News_Democracy_at_the_Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum_on_10_April_2024_-_DIG15200jjg-008_%2853656050628%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Gephardt at the <a href="/wiki/LBJ_Presidential_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="LBJ Presidential Library">LBJ Presidential Library</a> in 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>Gephardt has also been significantly involved with the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. In addition to a large lobbying contract with the Medicines Company,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he serves as chair of the Council for American Medical Innovation (CAMI), formed by and affiliated with <a href="/wiki/PhRMA" class="mw-redirect" title="PhRMA">PhRMA</a>. In this capacity he hired his own firm to lobby for the organization, to push to extend patents and block <a href="/wiki/Generic_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic drugs">generic drugs</a> from the market.<sup id="cite_ref-Spectacular_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spectacular-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Gephardt also co-founded a <a href="/wiki/Direct_primary_care" title="Direct primary care">Direct primary care</a> group called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidaritus.net/">SolidaritUS Health</a>, with the goal of increasing the accessibility of quality healthcare to working families. </p><p>Gephardt has also served as a <a href="/wiki/Lobbyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobbyist">lobbyist</a> for <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a labor consultant for Spirit Aerosystems and sits on its board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-spiritaero_pr_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiritaero_pr-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these roles, Gephardt has presided over an aggressive anti-union campaign that has bewildered many of his traditional political allies. In July 2011, Spirit Aerosystems walked out of negotiations with the union that represents its engineering, technical and professional workforce.<sup id="cite_ref-SPEEA_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPEEA-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union subsequently voted down the company's last contract offer, with 96.5% voting no. The company did not change its contract offer significantly after this rejection and relations with its workforce have been contentious ever since. With negotiations at a standstill, production schedules for 2011 and 2012 were threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-Wichita_Eagle_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wichita_Eagle-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wichita_Business_Journal_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wichita_Business_Journal-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Around mid-2023 Spirit Aerosystems agreed to a new contract with its workers at the Wichita, Kansas plant. Key provisions in the contract include increased pay, workers being allowed to keep their current health plans, and removal of mandatory overtime requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2024, Gephardt gave the commencement address and received an honorary degree at <a href="/wiki/Iona_University" title="Iona University">Iona University</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. </p><p>In October 2022, Gephardt, along with Republican former Massachusetts <a href="/wiki/Kerry_Healey" title="Kerry Healey">Lt. Gov. Kerry Healey</a>, launched the <i>Council for Responsible Social Media</i>, a project of nonprofit organization Issue One, which he had already been involved with as a member of its <i>ReFormers Caucus</i>. Gephardt and Healey serve as co-chairs of the project, which focuses on addressing the harmful influence social media can have on children, communities, and national security. <sup id="cite_ref-cnbc2022_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnbc2022-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.naplesnews.com/obituaries/psar0689435">"Obituaries in Naples, FL | Naples Daily News"</a>. January 14, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331160931/https://www.naplesnews.com/obituaries/psar0689435">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Obituaries+in+Naples%2C+FL+%26%23124%3B+Naples+Daily+News&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naplesnews.com%2Fobituaries%2Fpsar0689435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?179983-3/gephardt-campaign-iowa">"Gephardt Campaign in Iowa"</a>. <i>Washington Journal</i>. C-SPAN. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Journal&rft.atitle=Gephardt+Campaign+in+Iowa&rft.date=2004-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F179983-3%2Fgephardt-campaign-iowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/campaign-2008/2008/07/01/gop-envisions-gephardt-as-possible-obama-running-mate.html">"GOP Envisions Gephardt as Possible Obama Running Mate"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080825041632/http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/campaign-2008/2008/07/01/gop-envisions-gephardt-as-possible-obama-running-mate.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=GOP+Envisions+Gephardt+as+Possible+Obama+Running+Mate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fcampaign-2008%2F2008%2F07%2F01%2Fgop-envisions-gephardt-as-possible-obama-running-mate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidaritus.net/">"SolidaritUS Health"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118110623/https://solidaritus.net/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issueone.org&rft.atitle=Council+for+Responsible+Social+Media+%E2%80%93+Issue+One&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissueone.org%2Fprojects%2Fcouncil-for-responsible-social-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wargs.com/political/gephardt.html">"Ancestry of Dick Gephardt"</a>. Wargs.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070724173834/http://www.wargs.com/political/gephardt.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry+of+Dick+Gephardt&rft.pub=Wargs.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wargs.com%2Fpolitical%2Fgephardt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plans-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-plans_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-plans_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKindleberger2007" class="citation book cs1">Kindleberger, Charles (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stlouisplansidea00unse/page/151">"Chapter 5: Planning Since the 1970s in the City of St. Louis"</a>. In Tranel, Mark (ed.). <i>St. Louis Plans: The Ideal and the Real St. Louis</i>. Missouri Historical Society Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stlouisplansidea00unse/page/151">151</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1883982614" title="Special:BookSources/978-1883982614"><bdi>978-1883982614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+Planning+Since+the+1970s+in+the+City+of+St.+Louis&rft.btitle=St.+Louis+Plans%3A+The+Ideal+and+the+Real+St.+Louis&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Missouri+Historical+Society+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1883982614&rft.aulast=Kindleberger&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstlouisplansidea00unse%2Fpage%2F151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monmouthcollege.edu/live/news/4033-richard-gephardt-to-deliver-commencement-address">"Richard Gephardt to Deliver Commencement Address"</a>. <i>Monmouth College</i>. March 27, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816102036/https://www.monmouthcollege.edu/live/news/4033-richard-gephardt-to-deliver-commencement-address">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Monmouth+College&rft.atitle=Richard+Gephardt+to+Deliver+Commencement+Address&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monmouthcollege.edu%2Flive%2Fnews%2F4033-richard-gephardt-to-deliver-commencement-address&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/s293">"TO PASS H.R. 3706. (MOTION PASSED) SEE NOTE(S) 19"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520132928/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/98-1983/s293">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+H.R.+3706.+%28MOTION+PASSED%29+SEE+NOTE%28S%29+19.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F98-1983%2Fs293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s432">"TO PASS S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE THE BROAD COVERAGE AND CLARIFY FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY PROVIDING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION IS FEDERALLY FUNDED, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728203812/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s432">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+PASS+S+557%2C+CIVIL+RIGHTS+RESTORATION+ACT%2C+A+BILL+TO+RESTORE+THE+BROAD+COVERAGE+AND+CLARIFY+FOUR+CIVIL+RIGHTS+LAWS+BY+PROVIDING+THAT+IF+ONE+PART+OF+AN+INSTITUTION+IS+FEDERALLY+FUNDED%2C+THEN+THE+ENTIRE+INSTITUTION+MUST+NOT+DISCRIMINATE.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F100-1988%2Fs432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s487">"TO ADOPT, OVER THE PRESIDENT'S VETO OF S 557, CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT, A BILL TO RESTORE BROAD COVERAGE OF FOUR CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS BY DECLARING THAT IF ONE PART OF AN INSTITUTION RECEIVES FEDERAL FUNDS, THEN THE ENTIRE INSTITUTION MUST NOT DISCRIMINATE. TWO-THIRDS OF THE SENATE, HAVING VOTED IN THE AFFIRMATIVE, OVERRODE THE PRESIDENTIAL VETO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810145251/https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/100-1988/s487">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TO+ADOPT%2C+OVER+THE+PRESIDENT%27S+VETO+OF+S+557%2C+CIVIL+RIGHTS+RESTORATION+ACT%2C+A+BILL+TO+RESTORE+BROAD+COVERAGE+OF+FOUR+CIVIL+RIGHTS+LAWS+BY+DECLARING+THAT+IF+ONE+PART+OF+AN+INSTITUTION+RECEIVES+FEDERAL+FUNDS%2C+THEN+THE+ENTIRE+INSTITUTION+MUST+NOT+DISCRIMINATE.+TWO-THIRDS+OF+THE+SENATE%2C+HAVING+VOTED+IN+THE+AFFIRMATIVE%2C+OVERRODE+THE+PRESIDENTIAL+VETO.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fvotes%2F100-1988%2Fs487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisen1988" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Risen" title="James Risen">Risen, James</a> (March 2, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-03-02-mn-305-story.html">"But It Is Called Oversimplified : 'Hyundai' TV Ad Boosts Gephardt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=But+It+Is+Called+Oversimplified+%3A+%27Hyundai%27+TV+Ad+Boosts+Gephardt&rft.date=1988-03-02&rft.aulast=Risen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-03-02-mn-305-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324053623/http://articles.cnn.com/2002-11-18/politics/column.shields.opinion.gephardt_1_leader-gephardt-dick-gephardt-caucus?_s=PM:ALLPOLITICS">"AllPolitics Clinton, Gephardt Share Welfare Event Stage"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. August 12, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2002-11-18/politics/column.shields.opinion.gephardt_1_leader-gephardt-dick-gephardt-caucus?_s=PM:ALLPOLITICS">the original</a> on March 24, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=AllPolitics+Clinton%2C+Gephardt+Share+Welfare+Event+Stage&rft.date=1997-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2002-11-18%2Fpolitics%2Fcolumn.shields.opinion.gephardt_1_leader-gephardt-dick-gephardt-caucus%3F_s%3DPM%3AALLPOLITICS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/clinton_under_fire/latest_news/238784.stm">"Clinton impeached"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. December 19, 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110412100113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/events/clinton_under_fire/latest_news/238784.stm">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Clinton+impeached&rft.date=1998-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fevents%2Fclinton_under_fire%2Flatest_news%2F238784.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=123200">"Gore Down To Short List"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. August 3, 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232119/http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=123200">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Gore+Down+To+Short+List&rft.date=2000-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fstory%3Fid%3D123200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2310717.stm">"Dick Gephardt: Home issue campaigner"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. November 7, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100327043923/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2310717.stm">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Dick+Gephardt%3A+Home+issue+campaigner&rft.date=2002-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F2310717.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2414343.stm">"Top Democrat leader resigns"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. November 7, 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202051014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2414343.stm">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Top+Democrat+leader+resigns&rft.date=2002-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F2414343.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2002" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Nick (November 7, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104164203/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/234096711.html?dids=234096711:234096711&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+07,+2002&author=Nick+Anderson&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Election+2002+%2F+NATIONAL+RESULTS%3B+Gephardt+to+Leave+Leadership+Post%3B+Resigning+as+minority+chief+of+the+House+could+free+the+Democrat+for+a+presidential+bid.&pqatl=google">"Election 2002 / NATIONAL RESULTS; Gephardt to Leave Leadership Post; Resigning as minority chief of the House could free the Democrat for a presidential bid"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/234096711.html?dids=234096711:234096711&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+07%2C+2002&author=Nick+Anderson&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Election+2002+%2F+NATIONAL+RESULTS%3B+Gephardt+to+Leave+Leadership+Post%3B+Resigning+as+minority+chief+of+the+House+could+free+the+Democrat+for+a+presidential+bid.&pqatl=google">the original</a> on November 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Election+2002+%2F+NATIONAL+RESULTS%3B+Gephardt+to+Leave+Leadership+Post%3B+Resigning+as+minority+chief+of+the+House+could+free+the+Democrat+for+a+presidential+bid&rft.date=2002-11-07&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpqasb.pqarchiver.com%2Flatimes%2Faccess%2F234096711.html%3Fdids%3D234096711%3A234096711%26FMT%3DABS%26FMTS%3DABS%3AFT%26type%3Dcurrent%26date%3DNov%2B07%252C%2B2002%26author%3DNick%2BAnderson%26pub%3DLos%2BAngeles%2BTimes%26desc%3DElection%2B2002%2B%252F%2BNATIONAL%2BRESULTS%253B%2BGephardt%2Bto%2BLeave%2BLeadership%2BPost%253B%2BResigning%2Bas%2Bminority%2Bchief%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHouse%2Bcould%2Bfree%2Bthe%2BDemocrat%2Bfor%2Ba%2Bpresidential%2Bbid.%26pqatl%3Dgoogle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20140201,00.html">No Secrets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921060451/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20140201,00.html">Archived</a> September 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">people</a></i>, June 2, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=125100&page=1">Gay Daughter Joins Gephardt Campaign</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825215631/http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=125100&page=1">Archived</a> August 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>, June 9, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pageoneq.com/news/2007/Chrissy_and_Dick_Gephardt_appear_on_CNN_to_promote_new_film_For_The_Bible_Tell_1016.html">Chrissy and Dick Gephardt appear on CNN to promote new film, <i>For The Bible Tells Me So</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215703/http://www.pageoneq.com/news/2007/Chrissy_and_Dick_Gephardt_appear_on_CNN_to_promote_new_film_For_The_Bible_Tell_1016.html">Archived</a> March 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, PageOneQ, October 16, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120906161743/http://www.nhpr.org/node/5550">Home State Record: Dick Gephardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Public_Radio" title="New Hampshire Public Radio">New Hampshire Public Radio</a>, December 30, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swarns-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swarns_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swarns_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwarns2004" class="citation news cs1">Swarns, Rachel L. (January 20, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/20/us/2004-campaign-missouri-congressman-gephardt-s-poignant-echo-site-his-1988.html?ref=richardagephardt">"THE 2004 CAMPAIGN: THE MISSOURI CONGRESSMAN; Gephardt's Poignant Echo at the Site of His 1988 Victory"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316152243/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/20/us/2004-campaign-missouri-congressman-gephardt-s-poignant-echo-site-his-1988.html?ref=richardagephardt">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=THE+2004+CAMPAIGN%3A+THE+MISSOURI+CONGRESSMAN%3B+Gephardt%27s+Poignant+Echo+at+the+Site+of+His+1988+Victory&rft.date=2004-01-20&rft.aulast=Swarns&rft.aufirst=Rachel+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F01%2F20%2Fus%2F2004-campaign-missouri-congressman-gephardt-s-poignant-echo-site-his-1988.html%3Fref%3Drichardagephardt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202074648/http://bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/dont_quote_me/documents/03301021.asp">"An unlikely bigfoot"</a>. <i>Boston Phoenix</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/dont_quote_me/documents/03301021.asp">the original</a> on February 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Phoenix&rft.atitle=An+unlikely+bigfoot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonphoenix.com%2Fboston%2Fnews_features%2Fdont_quote_me%2Fdocuments%2F03301021.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33367-2004Jan20.html">"Gephardt Ends Bid for White House"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. January 21, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170711132941/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33367-2004Jan20.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gephardt+Ends+Bid+for+White+House&rft.date=2004-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA33367-2004Jan20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=5631">"MO US President - D Primary Race - Feb 3, 2004"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TSRI+-+News+%26+Views%2C+Business+Executive+and+Former+U.S.+House+Leader+Richard+A.+Gephardt+Elected+to+Lead+Scripps+Research+Institute+Board+of+Trustees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scripps.edu%2Fnewsandviews%2Fe_20100222%2Ftrustees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSam_Stein2009" class="citation news cs1">Sam Stein (September 24, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/24/gephardt-the-public-optio_n_298353.html">"Gephardt: The Public Option Is "Not Essential," Trigger Could Work"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918054910/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/09/24/gephardt-the-public-optio_n_298353.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Gephardt%3A+The+Public+Option+Is+%22Not+Essential%2C%22+Trigger+Could+Work&rft.date=2009-09-24&rft.au=Sam+Stein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2009%2F09%2F24%2Fgephardt-the-public-optio_n_298353.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spectacular-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Spectacular_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_Jones2009" class="citation news cs1">Sebastian Jones (October 19, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/dick-gephardts-spectacular-sellout">"Dick Gephardt's Spectacular Sellout"</a>. <i>The Nation magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110327125530/http://www.thenation.com/article/dick-gephardts-spectacular-sellout">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation+magazine&rft.atitle=Dick+Gephardt%27s+Spectacular+Sellout&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft.au=Sebastian+Jones&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fdick-gephardts-spectacular-sellout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carney, Timothy (2011-02-24) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120614054114/http://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/beltway-confidential/2011/02/who-were-boeings-lobbyists">Who were Boeing's lobbyists?</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spiritaero_pr-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spiritaero_pr_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiritaero.com/plain.aspx?width=800&height=550&header=0&id=909">"Richard A. Gephardt Joins Onex Team"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111003012219/http://www.spiritaero.com/plain.aspx?width=800&height=550&header=0&id=909">Archived</a> October 3, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Spirit Aero news release 2005-04-29 (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPEEA-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPEEA_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speea.org">SPEEA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027180521/http://www.speea.org/">Archived</a> October 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SPEEA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wichita_Eagle-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wichita_Eagle_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansas.com/2011/07/28/1952949/speea-members-reject-spirit-contract.html">SPEEA Members Reject Spirit Contract Offer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926032230/http://www.kansas.com/2011/07/28/1952949/speea-members-reject-spirit-contract.html">Archived</a> September 26, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Wichita Eagle</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wichita_Business_Journal-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wichita_Business_Journal_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/wichita/blog/2011/09/spirit-disputes-speea-work-to-rule.html">Work To Rule At Spirit Disputed </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016224121/http://www.bizjournals.com/wichita/blog/2011/09/spirit-disputes-speea-work-to-rule.html">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Wichita Business Journal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInsinna2023" class="citation news cs1">Insinna, Valerie (June 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/spirit-aerosystems-union-workforce-approves-new-contract-ending-strike-kansas-2023-06-30/">"Spirit AeroSystems union workforce approves new contract, ending strike at Kansas plant"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Spirit+AeroSystems+union+workforce+approves+new+contract%2C+ending+strike+at+Kansas+plant&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft.aulast=Insinna&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Faerospace-defense%2Fspirit-aerosystems-union-workforce-approves-new-contract-ending-strike-kansas-2023-06-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc2022-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnbc2022_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeiner2022" class="citation web cs1">Feiner, Lauren (October 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/12/council-for-responsible-social-media-features-haugen-gephardt-hagel-.html">"New bipartisan council will focus on tackling harms of social media"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240926212522/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/12/council-for-responsible-social-media-features-haugen-gephardt-hagel-.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=New+bipartisan+council+will+focus+on+tackling+harms+of+social+media&rft.date=2022-10-12&rft.aulast=Feiner&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F10%2F12%2Fcouncil-for-responsible-social-media-features-haugen-gephardt-hagel-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Gephardt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_further">See further</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See further"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Dick_Gephardt" title="Electoral history of Dick Gephardt">Electoral history of Dick Gephardt</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Gephardt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000132">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gephardtinstitute.wustl.edu/index.htm">Richard A. Gephardt Institute for Public Service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070110120703/http://www.gephardtinstitute.wustl.edu/index.htm">Archived</a> 2007-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?158">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?151235-1/even-better-place"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Gephardt on <i>An Even Better Place: America in the 21st Century</i>, August 1, 1999.</a></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Sullivan" title="Leonor Sullivan">Leonor Sullivan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Missouri">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Missouri%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Missouri's 3rd congressional district">Missouri's 3rd congressional district</a> </b><br />1977–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Russ_Carnahan" title="Russ Carnahan">Russ Carnahan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Majority Leader</a> </b><br />1989–1995 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Bob Michel</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">House Minority Leader</a> </b><br />1995–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Gray_(Pennsylvania_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Gray (Pennsylvania politician)">Bill Gray</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Caucus_Chairman_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Caucus Chairman of the United States House of Representatives">Chair of the House Democratic Caucus</a> </b><br />1985–1989 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gillis_William_Long" title="Gillis William Long">Gillis Long</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a> </b><br />1985–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Chuck Robb</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bill_Frist" title="Bill Frist">Bill Frist</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Response_to_the_State_of_the_Union_address" title="Response to the State of the Union address">Response to the State of the Union address</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a> <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Tom Daschle</a> (2001)</b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Locke" title="Gary Locke">Gary Locke</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">Kevin McCarthy</a></div><i><b>as Former Speaker of the US House of Representatives </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Democratic Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National<br />conventions</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential<br />tickets</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential<br />primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<i>None</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House<br />leaders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>,<br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate<br />leaders</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus<br />chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of<br />the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and<br />territorial<br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Template talk:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_majority_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House majority leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Majority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wheeler_Mondell" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wheeler Mondell">Mondell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth" title="Nicholas Longworth">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._Tilson" title="John Q. Tilson">Tilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Byrns_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph W. Byrns Sr.">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Armey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_DeLay" title="Tom DeLay">DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cantor" title="Eric Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Scalise</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Minority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_minority_leaders" title="Template:US House minority leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_minority_leaders" title="Template talk:US House minority leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_minority_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House minority leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Minority_leaders_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Minority leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_(Illinois_politician)" title="James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Snell" title="Bertrand Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Halleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rhodes" title="John Jacob Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">Boehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Template talk:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Democratic_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Democratic leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_leaders_in_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Democratic Party leaders in the U.S. House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Bailey" title="Joseph W. Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Boggs" title="Hale Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/60px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_Democratic_Leadership_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DLCChairs" title="Template:DLCChairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DLCChairs" title="Template talk:DLCChairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DLCChairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DLCChairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_Democratic_Leadership_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Leadership_Council" title="Democratic Leadership Council">Democratic Leadership Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Robb" title="Chuck Robb">Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Nunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Breaux" title="John Breaux">Breaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_McCurdy" title="Dave McCurdy">McCurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Bayh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Vilsack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Ford_Jr." title="Harold Ford Jr.">Ford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1984)_1988_United_States_presidential_election_(1992_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1984)_1988_United_States_presidential_election_(1992_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">← 1984</a>) <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_du_Pont" title="Pete du Pont">Pete du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Paul Laxalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Applegate" title="Douglas Applegate">Douglas Applegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Babbitt" title="Bruce Babbitt">Bruce Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dick Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Gary Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Jesse Jackson 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Schroeder" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Schroeder">Patricia Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon_(politician)" title="Paul Simon (politician)">Paul Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Traficant" title="James Traficant">James Traficant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election#Other_nominations" title="1988 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1987 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_A._Lewis_(politician)" title="James A. Lewis (politician)">Jim Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Means" title="Russell Means">Russell Means</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winn" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Winn">Edward Winn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Willa_Kenoyer" title="Willa Kenoyer">Willa Kenoyer</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Ehrenreich" title="Ron Ehrenreich">Ron Ehrenreich</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Mickells" title="Kathleen Mickells">Kathleen Mickells</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: Larry Holmes</b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and others</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jack_Herer" title="Jack Herer">Jack Herer</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Herbert_G._Lewin" title="Herbert G. Lewin">Herbert G. Lewin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/William_A._Marra" title="William A. Marra">William A. Marra</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1988 elections:</b> <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1988 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1988 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1988 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1988)_1992_United_States_presidential_election_(1996_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1988)_1992_United_States_presidential_election_(1996_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">← 1988</a>) <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Harkin 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Woods_(politician)" title="Charles Woods (politician)">Charles Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP candidate: <a href="/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_independent_and_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Nancy Lord</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tompkins" title="Mike Tompkins">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Maria Elizabeth Muñoz</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/J._Quinn_Brisben" title="J. Quinn Brisben">J. Quinn Brisben</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Garson" title="Barbara Garson">Barbara Garson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE; : ''[[Constitution Party National Convention#1992 Convention|Convention]]''"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion W. Knight Jr.</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Larry Holmes</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a></b> (running mate: <b><a href="/wiki/Asiba_Tupahache" title="Asiba Tupahache">Asiba Tupahache</a></b>)</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1992 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1992 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1992 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2000)_2004_United_States_presidential_election_(2008_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2004 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2004 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2004 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2000)_2004_United_States_presidential_election_(2008_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">← 2000</a>) <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="List of candidates in the 2004 United States presidential election">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2004 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini-Tuesday" title="Mini-Tuesday">Mini-Tuesday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Buchanan_(American_politician)" title="John Buchanan (American politician)">John Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark" title="Wesley Clark">Wesley Clark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Clark_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Wesley Clark 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Howard Dean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Howard Dean 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dick Gephardt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Dick Gephardt 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Graham" title="Bob Graham">Bob Graham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Graham_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Graham 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Killeen" title="Caroline Killeen">Caroline Killeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Lieberman 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Lieberman" title="Political positions of Joe Lieberman">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Al Sharpton 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_election_voting_controversies" title="2004 United States election voting controversies">Controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moss_v._Bush" title="Moss v. Bush">Moss v. Bush</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_election_conspiracy_theories" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 United States election conspiracy theories">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_military_service_controversy" title="John Kerry military service controversy">Kerry military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Bush military service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2004">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Peroutka" title="Michael Peroutka">Michael Peroutka</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2004_Green_National_Convention" title="2004 Green National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(activist)" title="David Cobb (activist)">David Cobb</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_2004_presidential_campaign" title="David Cobb 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_LaMarche" title="Pat LaMarche">Pat LaMarche</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Bilyeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheila Bilyeu">Sheila Bilyeu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Peter Camejo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_Glover_(activist)" title="Paul Glover (activist)">Paul Glover</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kent_Mesplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent Mesplay">Kent Mesplay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Salzman" title="Lorna Salzman">Lorna Salzman</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2004 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Badnarik" title="Michael Badnarik">Michael Badnarik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Badnarik_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Badnarik 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Campagna" title="Richard Campagna">Richard Campagna</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Nolan_(radio_host)" title="Gary Nolan (radio host)">Gary Nolan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Russo" title="Aaron Russo">Aaron Russo</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FBEC5D;"><a href="/wiki/Personal_Choice_Party" title="Personal Choice Party">Personal Choice Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Chambers" title="Marilyn Chambers">Marilyn Chambers</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a></b></dd> <dt>Alternate nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Walt_Brown_(politician)" title="Walt Brown (politician)">Walt Brown</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Alice_Herbert" title="Mary Alice Herbert">Mary Alice Herbert</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a></b></dd> <dt>Alternate nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Arrin_Hawkins" title="Arrin Hawkins">Arrin Hawkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b>John Parker</b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Teresa Gutierrez</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Harens" title="Thomas Harens">Thomas Harens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2004_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2004 presidential campaign">campaign</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_United_States_elections" title="Template:2004 United States elections">Other 2004 elections</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2004 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2004 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2004 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Missouri&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_95th–108th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Missouri&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_95th–108th_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>'s delegation(s) to the 95th–108th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/95th_United_States_Congress" title="95th United States Congress">95th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">T. Eagleton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walker_Bolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Walker Bolling">R. Bolling</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howard_Ichord_Jr." title="Richard Howard Ichord Jr.">R. Ichord</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Burlison" title="Bill Burlison">B. Burlison</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Young" title="Robert A. Young">B. Young</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/96th_United_States_Congress" title="96th United States Congress">96th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">T. Eagleton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walker_Bolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Walker Bolling">R. Bolling</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Howard_Ichord_Jr." title="Richard Howard Ichord Jr.">R. Ichord</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Burlison" title="Bill Burlison">B. Burlison</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Young" title="Robert A. Young">B. Young</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/97th_United_States_Congress" title="97th United States Congress">97th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">T. Eagleton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walker_Bolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Walker Bolling">R. Bolling</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Young" title="Robert A. Young">B. Young</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Bailey" title="Wendell Bailey">W. Bailey</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/98th_United_States_Congress" title="98th United States Congress">98th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">T. Eagleton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Young" title="Robert A. Young">B. Young</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/99th_United_States_Congress" title="99th United States Congress">99th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">T. Eagleton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Young" title="Robert A. Young">B. Young</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/100th_United_States_Congress" title="100th United States Congress">100th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Gene_Taylor_(Missouri_politician)" title="Gene Taylor (Missouri politician)">G. Taylor</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buechner" title="Jack Buechner">J. Buechner</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/101st_United_States_Congress" title="101st United States Congress">101st</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buechner" title="Jack Buechner">J. Buechner</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mel_Hancock" title="Mel Hancock">M. Hancock</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Tom_Coleman_(Missouri_politician)" title="Tom Coleman (Missouri politician)">T. Coleman</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mel_Hancock" title="Mel Hancock">M. Hancock</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Joan_Kelly_Horn" title="Joan Kelly Horn">J. Horn</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">J. Danforth</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson">B. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wheat" title="Alan Wheat">A. Wheat</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mel_Hancock" title="Mel Hancock">M. Hancock</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Danner" title="Pat Danner">P. Danner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">J. Talent</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">J. Ashcroft</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Harold_Volkmer" title="Harold Volkmer">H. Volkmer</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Emerson" title="Bill Emerson"><i>B. Emerson</i></a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Mel_Hancock" title="Mel Hancock">M. Hancock</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Danner" title="Pat Danner">P. Danner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">J. Talent</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Emerson" title="Jo Ann Emerson"><i>J. Emerson</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">J. Ashcroft</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Danner" title="Pat Danner">P. Danner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">J. Talent</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#CC6666;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Emerson" title="Jo Ann Emerson">J. Emerson</a> (IR)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">R. Blunt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hulshof" title="Kenny Hulshof">K. Hulshof</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">J. Ashcroft</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clay" title="Bill Clay">B. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Pat_Danner" title="Pat Danner">P. Danner</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">J. Talent</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Emerson" title="Jo Ann Emerson">J. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">R. Blunt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hulshof" title="Kenny Hulshof">K. Hulshof</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jean_Carnahan" title="Jean Carnahan"><i>J. Carnahan</i></a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent"><i>J. Talent</i></a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Emerson" title="Jo Ann Emerson">J. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">R. Blunt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hulshof" title="Kenny Hulshof">K. Hulshof</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Todd_Akin" title="Todd Akin">T. Akin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Clay" title="Lacy Clay">W. L. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves">S. Graves</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">K. Bond</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">J. Talent</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Missouri" title="List of United States representatives from Missouri">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Gephardt</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Ike_Skelton" title="Ike Skelton">I. Skelton</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Karen_McCarthy" title="Karen McCarthy">K. McCarthy</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Emerson" title="Jo Ann Emerson">J. Emerson</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">R. Blunt</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Hulshof" title="Kenny Hulshof">K. Hulshof</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Todd_Akin" title="Todd Akin">T. Akin</a> (R)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Clay" title="Lacy Clay">W. L. Clay</a> (D)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves">S. Graves</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209677#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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