CINXE.COM

Special reports - BBC News

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" id="responsive-news"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports","20180203021716","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1517624236"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title>Special reports - BBC News</title> <meta name="description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q &amp; A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news/compact.css" media="(max-width: 599px)"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news/tablet.css" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news/wide.css" media="(min-width: 1008px)"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://ssl.bbc.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://sa.bbc.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://c.go-mpulse.net/"> <meta name="x-country" content="nl"> <meta name="x-audience" content="International"> <meta name="CPS_AUDIENCE" content="International"> <meta name="CPS_CHANGEQUEUEID" content="113540700"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports"> <meta property="og:title" content="Special reports - BBC News"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q &amp; A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="BBC News"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews"/> <meta property="article:section" content="Special reports"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2015/newsspec_10857/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"/> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="BBC News. BBC News"/> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1143803202301544,317278538359186,1392506827668140,742734325867560,185246968166196,156060587793370,137920769558355,193435954068976,21263239760,156400551056385,929399697073756,154344434967,228735667216,80758950658,260212261199,294662213128,1086451581439054,283348121682053,295830058648,239931389545417,304314573046,310719525611571,647687225371774,1159932557403143,286567251709437,1731770190373618,125309456546,163571453661989,285361880228,512423982152360,238003846549831,176663550714,260967092113,118450564909230,100978706649892,15286229625,122103087870579,120655094632228,102814153147070,124715648647,153132638110668,150467675018739"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@BBCWorld"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Special reports - BBC News"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q &amp; A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@BBCWorld"> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2015/newsspec_10857/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="BBC News"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="www.bbc.com"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"BBC News","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special\/2015\/newsspec_10857\/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"}},"description":"BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q & A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts.","name":"Special reports - BBC News"} </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"ItemList","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/special_reports"}]} </script> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="BBC News"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/apple-touch-icon-57x57-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/web-app-launch-icon.png"> <meta name="application-name" content="BBC News"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="BBC News"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#bb1919"> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta name="robots" content="NOODP,NOYDIR"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#bb1919"> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <script> (function() { if (navigator.userAgent.match(/IEMobile\/10\.0/)) { var msViewportStyle = document.createElement("style"); msViewportStyle.appendChild( document.createTextNode("@-ms-viewport{width:auto!important}") ); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(msViewportStyle); } })(); </script> <script>window.fig = window.fig || {}; window.fig.async = true;</script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1609039196070050"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"/> <script type="text/javascript">window.bbcredirection={geo:true}</script> <!--[if (gt IE 8) | (IEMobile)]><!--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/style/orb.min.css"> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/style/orb-ie.min.css"> <![endif]--> <!--orb.ws.require.lib--> <script class="js-require-lib" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/requirejs/lib.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> bbcRequireMap = {"jquery-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.7.2", "jquery-1.4":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.4", "jquery-1.9":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.9.1", "jquery-1.12":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-1.12.0.min", "jquery-2.2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jquery/0.4.1/sharedmodules/jquery-2.2.0.min", "istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-43/js/istats-1", "swfobject-2":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/swfobject/0.1.10/sharedmodules/swfobject-2", "demi-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/demi/0.10.1/sharedmodules/demi-1", "gelui-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1", "cssp!gelui-1/overlay":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/gelui/0.9.13/sharedmodules/gelui-1/overlay.css", "relay-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/relay/0.2.6/sharedmodules/relay-1", "clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1", "canvas-clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/canvas-clock-1", "cssp!clock-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/clock/0.1.9/sharedmodules/clock-1.css", "jssignals-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1", "jcarousel-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/jcarousel/0.1.10/modules/jcarousel-1", "bump-3":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://emp.bbci.co.uk/emp/bump-3/bump-3"}; require({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/', paths: bbcRequireMap, waitSeconds: 30 }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies_flag === 'undefined') { bbccookies_flag = 'ON'; } showCTA_flag = true; cta_enabled = (showCTA_flag && (bbccookies_flag === 'ON')); (function(){var m="ckns_policy",q="Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT",i={ads:true,personalisation:true,performance:true,necessary:true};function c(u){if(c.cache[u]){return c.cache[u]}var t=u.split("/"),v=[""];do{v.unshift((t.join("/")||"/"));t.pop()}while(v[0]!=="/");c.cache[u]=v;return v}c.cache={};function a(u){if(a.cache[u]){return a.cache[u]}var v=u.split("."),t=[];while(v.length&&"|co.uk|com|".indexOf("|"+v.join(".")+"|")===-1){if(v.length){t.push(v.join("."))}v.shift()}c.cache[u]=t;return t}a.cache={};function s(t,y,u){var E=[""].concat(a(window.location.hostname)),B=c(window.location.pathname),D="",w,C;for(var x=0,A=E.length;x<A;x++){w=E[x];for(var v=0,z=B.length;v<z;v++){C=B[v];D=t+"="+y+";"+(w?"domain="+w+";":"")+(C?"path="+C+";":"")+(u?"expires="+u+";":"");bbccookies.set(D,true)}}}window.bbccookies={POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS:new Date(2015,4,21,0,0,0,0).getTime(),POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME:"ckns_policy_exp",_setEverywhere:s,cookiesEnabled:function(){var t="ckns_testcookie"+Math.floor(Math.random()*100000);this.set(t+"=1");if(this.get().indexOf(t)>-1){e(t);return true}return false},get:function(){return document.cookie},getCrumb:function(t){if(!t){return null}return decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(t).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},policyRequiresRefresh:function(){var u=new Date();u.setHours(0);u.setMinutes(0);u.setSeconds(0);u.setMilliseconds(0);if(bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS<=u.getTime()){var t=bbccookies.getCrumb(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME);if(t){t=new Date(parseInt(t));t.setYear(t.getFullYear()-1);return bbccookies.POLICY_REFRESH_DATE_MILLIS>=t.getTime()}else{return true}}else{return false}},_setPolicy:function(t){return f.apply(this,arguments)},readPolicy:function(){return l.apply(this,arguments)},_deletePolicy:function(){s(m,"",q)},_isConfirmed:function(){return n()!==null},_acceptsAll:function(){var t=l();return t&&!(j(t).indexOf("0")>-1)},_getCookieName:function(){return b.apply(this,arguments)},_showPrompt:function(){var t=((!this._isConfirmed()||this.policyRequiresRefresh())&&window.cta_enabled&&this.cookiesEnabled()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);return(window.orb&&window.orb.fig)?t&&(window.orb.fig("no")||window.orb.fig("ck")):t},_getPolicy:this.readPolicy};function b(u){var t=(""+u).match(/^([^=]+)(?==)/);return(t&&t.length?t[0]:"")}function j(t){return""+(t.ads?1:0)+(t.personalisation?1:0)+(t.performance?1:0)}function f(x){if(typeof x==="undefined"){x=i}if(typeof arguments[0]==="string"){var u=arguments[0],w=arguments[1];if(u==="necessary"){w=true}x=l();x[u]=w}else{if(typeof arguments[0]==="object"){x.necessary=true}}var v=new Date();v.setYear(v.getFullYear()+1);bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(m+"="+j(x)+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+v.toUTCString()+";");var t=new Date(v.getTime());t.setMonth(t.getMonth()+1);bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbc.com;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");bbccookies.set(bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME+"="+v.getTime()+";domain=bbci.co.uk;path=/;expires="+t.toUTCString()+";");return x}function o(t){if(t===null){return null}var u=t.split("");return{ads:!!+u[0],personalisation:!!+u[1],performance:!!+u[2],necessary:true}}function n(){var t=new RegExp("(?:^|; ?)"+m+"=(\\d\\d\\d)($|;)"),u=document.cookie.match(t);if(!u){return null}return u[1]}function l(t){var u=o(n());if(!u){u=i}if(t){return u[t]}else{return u}}function e(t){return document.cookie=t+"=;expires="+q+";"}var g=!(window.bbccookies_flag==="ON"&&!bbccookies._acceptsAll()&&!window.bbccookies_disable);var k={},d={"personalisation":"ckps_.+|X-AB-iplayer-.+|ACTVTYMKR|BBC_EXAMPLE_COOKIE|BBCIplayer|BBCiPlayerM|BBCIplayerSession|BBCMediaselector|BBCPostcoder|bbctravel|CGISESSID|ed|food-view|forceDesktop|h4|IMRID|locserv|MyLang|myloc|NTABS|ttduserPrefs|V5|WEATHER|BBCScienceDiscoveryPlaylist_.+|bitratePref|correctAnswerCount|genreCookie|highestQuestionScore|incorrectAnswerCount|longestStreak|MSCSProfile|programmes-oap-expanded|quickestAnswer|score|servicePanel|slowestAnswer|totalTimeForAllFormatted|v|BBCwords|score|correctAnswerCount|highestQuestionScore|hploc|BGUID|BBCWEACITY|mstouch|myway|BBCNewsCustomisation|cbbc_anim|cbeebies_snd|bbcsr_usersx|cbeebies_rd|BBC-Latest_Blogs|zh-enc|pref_loc|m|bbcEmp.+|recs-.+|_lvd2|_lvs2|tick|_fcap_CAM1|_rcc2","performance":"ckpf_.+|optimizely.*|BBCLiveStatsClick|id|_em_.+|cookies_enabled|mbox|mbox-admin|mc_.+|omniture_unique|s_.+|sc_.+|adpolicyAdDisplayFrequency|s1|ns_session|ns_cookietest|ns_ux|NO-SA|tr_pr1|gvsurvey|bbcsurvey|si_v|sa_labels|obuid|mm_.+|mmid|mmcore.+|mmpa.+","ads":"ckad_.+|rsi_segs|c","necessary":"ckns_.+|BBC-UID|blq\\.dPref|SSO2-UID|BBC-H2-User|rmRpDetectReal|bbcComSurvey|IDENTITY_ENV|IDENTITY|IDENTITY-HTTPS|IDENTITY_SESSION|BBCCOMMENTSMODULESESSID|bbcBump.+|IVOTE_VOTE_HISTORY|pulse|BBCPG|BBCPGstat|ecos\\.dt"};function r(){var x=document.cookie.replace(/; +/g,";").split(";"),u,v=[];for(var w=0,t=x.length;w<t;w++){u=x[w];v.push(bbccookies._getCookieName(u))}return v}function h(w){var v=JSON.stringify(w);if(typeof(k[v])!=="undefined"){return k[v]}var u="";for(var t in w){if(w.hasOwnProperty(t)&&d[t]){if(w[t]===true){u+=(u?"|":"")+d[t]}}}k[v]=new RegExp("^("+(u?u:".*")+")$","i");return k[v]}bbccookies.getPolicyExpiryDateTime=function(){return bbccookies.POLICY_EXPIRY_COOKIENAME};bbccookies.purge=function(){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy(),w=r(),x;for(var v=0,t=w.length;v<t;v++){if(!bbccookies.isAllowed(w[v],u)){x=new Date();x.setTime(0);x=x.toUTCString();s(w[v],"deleted",x)}}};function p(){if(g){return}bbccookies.purge();contentLoaded(window,bbccookies.purge);if(window.addEventListener){window.addEventListener("beforeunload",bbccookies.purge,false)}else{if(window.attachEvent){window.attachEvent("onbeforeunload",bbccookies.purge)}else{window.onbeforeunload=bbccookies.purge}}}bbccookies.set=function(u,t){if(g){return document.cookie=u}var v=bbccookies._getCookieName(u);if(t||bbccookies.isAllowed(v)){return document.cookie=u}return null};bbccookies.isAllowed=function(v){var u=bbccookies.readPolicy();var t=h(u);return t.test(v)};p()})(); /*! * contentloaded.js * * Author: Diego Perini (diego.perini at gmail.com) * Summary: cross-browser wrapper for DOMContentLoaded * Updated: 20101020 * License: MIT * Version: 1.2 * * URL: * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/ * http://javascript.nwbox.com/ContentLoaded/MIT-LICENSE * */ function contentLoaded(d,i){var c=false,h=true,k=d.document,j=k.documentElement,a=k.addEventListener,n=a?"addEventListener":"attachEvent",l=a?"removeEventListener":"detachEvent",b=a?"":"on",m=function(o){if(o.type==="readystatechange"&&k.readyState!="complete"){return}(o.type==="load"?d:k)[l](b+o.type,m,false);if(!c&&(c=true)){i.call(d,o.type||o)}},g=function(){try{j.doScroll("left")}catch(o){setTimeout(g,50);return}m("poll")};if(k.readyState==="complete"){i.call(d,"lazy")}else{if(!a&&j.doScroll){try{h=!d.frameElement}catch(f){}if(h){g()}}k[n](b+"DOMContentLoaded",m,false);k[n](b+"readystatechange",m,false);d[n](b+"load",m,false)}}if(typeof(require)==="function"&&!require.defined("orb/cookies")){define("orb/cookies",function(){return window.bbccookies})}; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript"> define('orb/cookies', function() { return window.bbccookies; }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){window.orb={};window.orb.figState={ad:0,ap:0,ck:1,eu:1,mb:0,tb:0,uk:1,df:1};window.orb.fig=function(a){return(arguments.length)?window.orb.figState[a]:window.orb.figState};window.orb.fig.device={};window.orb.fig.geo={};window.orb.fig.user={};window.orb.fig.isDefault=function(){return window.orb.fig("df")};window.orb.fig.device.isTablet=function(){return window.orb.fig("tb")};window.orb.fig.device.isMobile=function(){return window.orb.fig("mb")};window.orb.fig.geo.isUK=function(){return window.orb.fig("uk")};window.orb.fig.geo.isEU=function(){return window.orb.fig("eu")};window.fig=window.fig||{};window.fig.manager={include:function(e){e=e||window;var g=false;var j=e.document,k=j.cookie,i=k.match(/(?:^|; ?)ckns_orb_fig=([^;]+)/),h;if(i){i=this.deserialise(decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1));this.setFig(e,i)}if(window.fig.async&&typeof JSON!="undefined"){var b=(document.cookie.match("(^|; )ckns_orb_cachedfig=([^;]*)")||0)[2];h=b?JSON.parse(b):null;if(h){this.setFig(e,h);g=true}}var a="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/1/fig.js";if(g){j.write('<script src="'+a+'" async><'+"/script>")}else{j.write('<script src="'+a+'"><'+"/script>")}},confirm:function(a){return true},setFig:function(a,b){(function(){a.orb=a.orb||{};a.orb.figState=b})()},deserialise:function(b){var a={};b.replace(/([a-z]{2}):([0-9]+)/g,function(){a[RegExp.$1]=+RegExp.$2});return a}}})();fig.manager.include();/*]]>*/</script> <!-- Nav Analytics : 89 --> <script type="text/javascript">window.bbcFlagpoles_istats="ON",require.config({paths:{"istats-1":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-89/js/istats-1","megavolt-client":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/nav-analytics/0.1.0-89/js/megavolt-client"},config:{"megavolt-client":{baseUrl:"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://mvt.api.bbc.com"}}}),require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(e,t){if(t.isAllowed("s1")){e.addCollector({name:"default",url:"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s",separator:"&"});var a="news.special_reports.page";e.setCountername(a),window.istats_countername&&e.setCountername(window.istats_countername),e.addLabels("ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=89")}});</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ window.bbcFlagpoles_istats = 'ON'; window.orb = window.orb || {}; if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { var istatsTrackingUrl = '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=news.special_reports.page&cps_asset_id=10282696&page_type=Index&section=%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&first_pub=2010-06-10T08%3A54%3A56%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2017-12-29T16%3A03%3A08%2B00%3A00&curie=b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523%2Fmobile%2Finternational&for_nation=nl&app_version=1.227.0&bbc_site=news&pal_route=asset&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news'; require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { var counterName = (window.istats_countername) ? window.istats_countername : istatsTrackingUrl.match(/[\?&]name=([^&]*)/i)[1]; istats.setCountername(counterName); istats.addLabels('cps_asset_id=10282696&page_type=Index&section=%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&first_pub=2010-06-10T08%3A54%3A56%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2017-12-29T16%3A03%3A08%2B00%3A00&curie=b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523%2Fmobile%2Finternational&for_nation=nl&app_version=1.227.0&bbc_site=news&pal_route=asset&app_type=responsive&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news'); var c = (document.cookie.match(/\bckns_policy=(\d\d\d)/) || []).pop() || ''; istats.addLabels({ 'blq_s': '4d', 'blq_r': '2.7', 'blq_v': 'default', 'blq_e': 'pal', 'bbc_mc': (c ? 'ad' + c.charAt(0) + 'ps' + c.charAt(1) + 'pf' + c.charAt(2) : 'not_set') } ); }); } /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(undefined){if(!window.bbc){window.bbc={}}var ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS=30;window.bbc.Mandolin=function(id,segments,opts){var now=new Date().getTime(),storedItem,DEFAULT_START=now,DEFAULT_RATE=1,COOKIE_NAME="ckpf_mandolin";opts=opts||{};this._id=id;this._segmentSet=segments;this._store=new window.window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage(COOKIE_NAME);this._opts=opts;this._rate=(opts.rate!==undefined)?+opts.rate:DEFAULT_RATE;this._startTs=(opts.start!==undefined)?new Date(opts.start).getTime():new Date(DEFAULT_START).getTime();this._endTs=(opts.end!==undefined)?new Date(opts.end).getTime():daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);this._signupEndTs=(opts.signupEnd!==undefined)?new Date(opts.signupEnd).getTime():this._endTs;this._segment=null;if(typeof id!=="string"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: id must be defined and be a string")}if(Object.prototype.toString.call(segments)!=="[object Array]"){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Segments are required.")}if(opts.rate!==undefined&&(opts.rate<0||opts.rate>1)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: Rate must be between 0 and 1.")}if(this._startTs>this._endTs){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: end date must occur after start date.")}if(!(this._startTs<this._signupEndTs&&this._signupEndTs<=this._endTs)){throw new Error("Invalid Argument: SignupEnd must be between start and end date")}removeExpired.call(this,now);var overrides=window.bbccookies.get().match(/ckns_mandolin_setSegments=([^;]+)/);if(overrides!==null){eval("overrides = "+decodeURIComponent(RegExp.$1)+";");if(overrides[this._id]&&this._segmentSet.indexOf(overrides[this._id])==-1){throw new Error("Invalid Override: overridden segment should exist in segments array")}}if(overrides!==null&&overrides[this._id]){this._segment=overrides[this._id]}else{if((storedItem=this._store.getItem(this._id))){this._segment=storedItem.segment}else{if(this._startTs<=now&&now<this._signupEndTs&&now<=this._endTs&&this._store.isEnabled()===true){this._segment=pick(segments,this._rate);if(opts.end===undefined){this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment})}else{this._store.setItem(this._id,{segment:this._segment,end:this._endTs})}log.call(this,"mandolin_segment")}}}log.call(this,"mandolin_view")};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.getSegment=function(){return this._segment};function log(actionType,params){var that=this;require(["istats-1"],function(istats){istats.log(actionType,that._id+":"+that._segment,params?params:{})})}function removeExpired(expires){var items=this._store.getItems(),expiresInt=+expires;for(var key in items){if(items[key].end!==undefined&&+items[key].end<expiresInt){this._store.removeItem(key)}}}function getLastExpirationDate(data){var winner=0,rollingExpire=daysFromNow(ROLLING_PERIOD_DAYS);for(var key in data){if(data[key].end===undefined&&rollingExpire>winner){winner=rollingExpire}else{if(+data[key].end>winner){winner=+data[key].end}}}return(winner)?new Date(winner):new Date(rollingExpire)}window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.log=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_log",params)};window.bbc.Mandolin.prototype.convert=function(params){log.call(this,"mandolin_convert",params);this.convert=function(){}};function daysFromNow(n){var endDate;endDate=new Date().getTime()+(n*60*60*24)*1000;return endDate}function pick(segments,rate){var picked,min=0,max=segments.length-1;if(typeof rate==="number"&&Math.random()>rate){return null}do{picked=Math.floor(Math.random()*(max-min+1))+min}while(picked>max);return segments[picked]}window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage=function(name){validateCookieName(name);this._cookieName=name;this._isEnabled=(bbccookies.isAllowed(this._cookieName)===true&&bbccookies.cookiesEnabled()===true)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.setItem=function(key,value){var storeData=this.getItems();storeData[key]=value;this.save(storeData);return value};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.isEnabled=function(){return this._isEnabled};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();return storeData[key]};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.removeItem=function(key){var storeData=this.getItems();delete storeData[key];this.save(storeData)};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.getItems=function(){return deserialise(this.readCookie(this._cookieName)||"")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.save=function(data){window.bbccookies.set(this._cookieName+"="+encodeURIComponent(serialise(data))+"; expires="+getLastExpirationDate(data).toUTCString()+";")};window.bbc.Mandolin.Storage.prototype.readCookie=function(name){var nameEq=name+"=",ca=window.bbccookies.get().split("; "),i,c;validateCookieName(name);for(i=0;i<ca.length;i++){c=ca[i];if(c.indexOf(nameEq)===0){return decodeURIComponent(c.substring(nameEq.length,c.length))}}return null};function serialise(o){var str="";for(var p in o){if(o.hasOwnProperty(p)){str+='"'+p+'"'+":"+(typeof o[p]==="object"?(o[p]===null?"null":"{"+serialise(o[p])+"}"):'"'+o[p].toString()+'"')+","}}return str.replace(/,\}/g,"}").replace(/,$/g,"")}function deserialise(str){var o;str="{"+str+"}";if(!validateSerialisation(str)){throw"Invalid input provided for deserialisation."}eval("o = "+str);return o}var validateSerialisation=(function(){var OBJECT_TOKEN="<Object>",ESCAPED_CHAR='"\\n\\r\\u2028\\u2029\\u000A\\u000D\\u005C',ALLOWED_CHAR="([^"+ESCAPED_CHAR+"]|\\\\["+ESCAPED_CHAR+"])",KEY='"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'+"',VALUE='(null|"'+ALLOWED_CHAR+'*"|'+OBJECT_TOKEN+")",KEY_VALUE=KEY+":"+VALUE,KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE="("+KEY_VALUE+",)*"+KEY_VALUE,OBJECT_LITERAL="({}|{"+KEY_VALUE_SEQUENCE+"})",objectPattern=new RegExp(OBJECT_LITERAL,"g");return function(str){if(str.indexOf(OBJECT_TOKEN)!==-1){return false}while(str.match(objectPattern)){str=str.replace(objectPattern,OBJECT_TOKEN)}return str===OBJECT_TOKEN}})();function validateCookieName(name){if(name.match(/ ,;/)){throw"Illegal name provided, must be valid in browser cookie."}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className += (document.documentElement.className? ' ' : '') + 'orb-js'; fig.manager.confirm(); </script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/script/orb/api.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/script/orb/font.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var blq = { environment: function() { return 'live'; } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ function oqsSurveyManager(w, flag) { if (flag !== 'OFF' && (w.orb.fig("no") || w.orb.fig("uk"))) { w.document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/script/vendor/edr.min.js"><'+'/script>'); } } oqsSurveyManager(window, 'ON'); /*]]>*/ </script> <!-- BBCDOTCOM template: responsive webservice --> <!-- BBCDOTCOM head --><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); /*]]>*/ </script><style type="text/css">.bbccom_display_none{display:none;}</style><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcomConfig, googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var bbcdotcom = false; (function(){ if(typeof require !== 'undefined') { require({ paths:{ "bbcdotcom":"https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.73.0/script" } }); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcom = { adverts: { keyValues: { set: function() {} } }, advert: { write: function () {}, show: function () {}, isActive: function () { return false; }, layout: function() { return { reset: function() {} } } }, config: { init: function() {}, isActive: function() {}, setSections: function() {}, isAdsEnabled: function() {}, setAdsEnabled: function() {}, isAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAssetPrefix: function() {}, setVersion: function () {}, setJsPrefix: function() {}, setSwfPrefix: function() {}, setCssPrefix: function() {}, setConfig: function() {}, getAssetPrefix: function() {}, getJsPrefix: function () {}, getSwfPrefix: function () {}, getCssPrefix: function () {} }, survey: { init: function(){ return false; } }, data: {}, init: function() {}, objects: function(str) { return false; }, locale: { set: function() {}, get: function() {} }, setAdKeyValue: function() {}, utils: { addEvent: function() {}, addHtmlTagClass: function() {}, log: function () {} }, addLoadEvent: function() {} }; /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb !== 'undefined' && typeof orb.fig === 'function') { if (orb.fig('ad') && orb.fig('uk') == 0) { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: (orb.fig('ad') ? 1 : 0), stats: (orb.fig('uk') == 0 ? 1 : 0), statsProvider: orb.fig('ap') }; } } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://www.bbc.com' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://tps.bbc.com')+'/wwscripts/data">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb === 'undefined' || typeof orb.fig !== 'function') { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: bbcdotcom.data.a, stats: bbcdotcom.data.b, statsProvider: bbcdotcom.data.c }; } if (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://www.bbc.com' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com')+'/wwscripts/flag">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (typeof bbcdotcom.flag == 'undefined' || (typeof bbcdotcom.data.ads !== 'undefined' && bbcdotcom.flag.a != 1))) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 0; } if (/[?|&]ads/.test(window.location.href) || /(^|; )ads=on; /.test(document.cookie) || /; ads=on(; |$)/.test(document.cookie)) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 1; bbcdotcom.data.stats = 1; } if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcom.assetPrefix = "https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.73.0/"; if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.73.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.js">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.73.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.js">\x3C/script>'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://secure-us.imrworldwide.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://me-cdn.effectivemeasure.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/">'); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.googletagservices.com/">'); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<meta name="google-site-verification" content="auTeTTwSt_KBY_4iDoR00Lwb7-qzx1IgzJy6ztaWgEI" />'); } </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcomConfig = {"adFormat":"standard","adKeyword":"","adMode":"smart","adsEnabled":true,"appAnalyticsSections":"news>special_reports","asyncEnabled":true,"disableInitialLoad":false,"advertInfoPageUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/privacy\/cookies\/international\/","advertisementText":"Advertisement","analyticsEnabled":true,"appName":"tabloid","assetPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.73.0\/","customAdParams":[],"customStatsParams":[],"headline":"","id":"10282696","inAssociationWithText":"in association with","keywords":"","language":"","orbTransitional":false,"outbrainEnabled":true,"outbrainSportEnabled":true,"adsenseEnabled":true,"adsportappEnabled":true,"lotameEnabled":true,"sherlockEnabled":false,"platinumEnabled":true,"tlNewsIndexEnabled":false,"tlNewsStoryEnabled":true,"tlNewsFpEnabled":false,"winterOlympicsEnabled":false,"palEnv":"live","productName":"","sections":[],"comScoreEnabled":true,"comscoreSite":"bbc","comscoreID":"19293874","comscorePageName":"news.special_reports","slots":"","sponsoredByText":"is sponsored by","adsByGoogleText":"Ads by Google","summary":"","type":"INDEX","features":{"testfeature":{"name":"testfeature","envs":["sandbox","int","test"],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null},"lxadverts":{"name":"lxadverts","envs":[],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null}},"staticBase":"\/bbcdotcom","staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk","staticVersion":"1.73.0","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/1.73.0","dataHttp":"tps.bbc.com","dataHttps":"www.bbc.com","flagHttp":"www.bbc.co.uk","flagHttps":"www.bbc.co.uk","analyticsHttp":"sa.bbc.com","analyticsHttps":"ssa.bbc.com"}; bbcdotcom.config.init(bbcdotcomConfig, bbcdotcom.data, window.location, window.document); bbcdotcom.config.setAssetPrefix("https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/bbcdotcom/1.73.0/"); bbcdotcom.config.setVersion("1.73.0"); document.write('<!--[if IE 7]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE7(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); document.write('<!--[if IE 8]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE8(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); document.write('<!--[if IE 9]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE9(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); if (/[?|&]ex-dp/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ex-dp=') !== -1) { bbcdotcom.utils.addHtmlTagClass('bbcdotcom-ex-dp'); } } })(); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.head = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script> <!--Searchbox:136--> <script type="text/javascript"> // Globally available search context window.SEARCHBOX={"variant":"default","locale":"en","navSearchboxStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-136","searchboxAppStaticPrefix":"//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://search.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox-app/1.0.19","searchFormHtml":"<div tabindex=\"-1\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og\" data-react-checksum=\"1886463233\"><div data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0\"><section class=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0\"><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox-title\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.0\">search</div><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1\"><form accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"searchboxDrawerForm\" method=\"get\" action=\"https://search.bbc.co.uk/search\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0\"><label class=\"se-searchbox__input\" for=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0\"><span class=\"se-sr-only\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0\">Search Term</span><input name=\"q\" type=\"text\" value=\"\" id=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" class=\"se-searchbox__input__field\" maxlength=\"512\" autocomplete=\"off\" autocorrect=\"off\" autocapitalize=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.1\"/></label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" value=\"\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.2\"/><button type=\"submit\" class=\"se-searchbox__submit\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.3\">Search</button><button type=\"button\" class=\"se-searchbox__clear se-searchbox__clear--visible\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.0.0.0.1.0.4\">Close</button></form></div></div></div></section><div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"se-suggestions-container\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.1\"><section class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\".jval9y49og.0.1.0\"></section></div></div></div>","searchScopePlaceholder":"","searchScopeParam":"","searchScopeTemplate":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperStart":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperEnd":""}; window.SEARCHBOX.suppress = false; window.SEARCHBOX.searchScope = SEARCHBOX.searchScopeTemplate.split('-')[0]; </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-136/css/main.css"> <!--[if IE 8]> <script type="text/javascript" src="//nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-136/script/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window['searchboxIEVersion'] = 8;</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/1.0.0-136/css/ie8.css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript">window['searchboxIEVersion'] = 9;</script> <![endif]--> <!--NavID:0.2.0-152--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/id-cta-v5.css"/> <!--[if IE 8]><link href="//static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/style/ie8.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var map = {}; if (typeof(map['jssignals-1']) == 'undefined') { map['jssignals-1'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://static.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/jssignals/0.3.6/modules/jssignals-1'; } require({paths: map}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script src="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716js_/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/dist/idcta-1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { if (!window.require) { throw new Error('idcta: could not find require module'); } if(typeof(map) == 'undefined') { var map = {}; } if(!!document.createElementNS && !!document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', "svg").createSVGRect) { document.documentElement.className += ' id-svg'; } var ptrt = RegExp("[\\?&]ptrt=([^&#]*)").exec(document.location.href); var ENDPOINT_URL = '//' + ((window.location.protocol == "https:") ? ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("www.", "ssl.") : ('ssl.bbc.co.uk').replace("ssl.", "www.")); var ENDPOINT_CONFIG = ('/idcta/config?callback&amp;locale=en-GB&ptrt=' + encodeURI((ptrt ? ptrt[1] : document.location.href))).replace(/\&amp;/g, '&'); var ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS = '/idcta/translations?callback&locale=en-GB'; map['idapp-1'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbc.co.uk/idapp/0.72.58/modules/idapp/idapp-1'; map['idcta'] = '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta'; map['idcta/config'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_CONFIG, '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackConfig']; map['idcta/translations'] = [ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS, '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbc.co.uk/id/0.37.24/modules/idcta/fallbackTranslations']; require({paths: map}); /* * Temporary code * To be removed when old id-statusbar-config is no longer supported */ define('id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); define('idcta/id-statusbar-config', ['idcta/id-config'], function(conf) { return conf; }); })(); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.4/css/main.min.css"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news/core.css"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news/old-ie.css"> <script src="http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/js/vendor/html5shiv/html5shiv.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script id="news-loader"> if (document.getElementById("responsive-news")) { window.bbcNewsResponsive = true; } var isIE = (function() { var undef, v = 3, div = document.createElement('div'), all = div.getElementsByTagName('i'); while ( div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++v) + ']><i></i><![endif]-->', all[0] ); return v > 4 ? v : undef; }()); var modernDevice = 'querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window, forceCore = document.cookie.indexOf('ckps_force_core') !== -1; window.cutsTheMustard = modernDevice && !forceCore; if (window.cutsTheMustard) { document.documentElement.className += ' ctm'; var insertPoint = document.getElementById('news-loader'), config = {"asset":{"asset_id":"10282696","asset_locator":"urn:bbc:cps:asset:10282696","asset_uri":"\/news\/special_reports","original_asset_uri":null,"first_created":{"date":"2010-06-10 09:54:56","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"first_published":{"date":"2010-07-28 08:51:39","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"last_updated":{"date":"2017-12-29 16:03:08","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"options":{"allowAdvertising":true},"section":{"name":"Special reports","id":"100048","uri":"\/news\/special_reports","urlIdentifier":"\/news\/special_reports"},"language":"en-gb","edition":"International","audience":"international","iStats_counter_name":"news.special_reports.page","type":"IDX","curie":"asset:b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523\/mobile\/international"},"smpBrand":null,"staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk","environment":"live","locatorVersion":"0.46.3","pathPrefix":"\/news","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1.227.02334","jsPath":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1.227.02334\/js","cssPath":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1.227.02334\/stylesheets\/services\/news","cssPostfix":"","dynamic":null,"features":{"localnews":true,"video":true,"liveeventcomponent":true,"mediaassetpage":true,"gallery":true,"rollingnews":true,"sportstories":true,"radiopromo":true,"fromothernewssites":true,"locallive":true,"weather":true},"features2":{"svg_brand":true,"waf_deprecation_notice":true,"chartbeat":true,"connected_stream":true,"connected_stream_promo":true,"dynatrace_beacon":true,"nav":true,"pulse_survey":false,"local_survey":true,"correspondents":true,"blogs":true,"open_graph":true,"follow_us":true,"marketdata_markets":true,"marketdata_shares":true,"nations_pseudo_nav":true,"politics_election2015_topic_pages":true,"responsive_breaking_news":true,"live_event":true,"most_popular":true,"most_popular_tabs":true,"most_popular_by_day":false,"routing":true,"radiopromonownext":true,"config_based_layout":true,"orb":true,"map_most_watched":true,"top_stories_promo":true,"features_and_analysis":true,"section_labels":true,"index_title":true,"share_tools":true,"extracted_share_tools":true,"local_live_promo":true,"adverts":true,"adverts_async":true,"adexpert":true,"igor_geo_redirect":true,"igor_device_redirect":true,"live":true,"comscore_mmx":true,"find_local_news":true,"comments":true,"comments_enhanced":true,"browser_notify":true,"stream_grid_promo":true,"breaking_news":false,"top_stories_max_volume":true,"record_livestats":true,"contact_form":true,"channel_page":true,"portlet_global_variants":true,"suppress_lep_timezone":true,"story_sticky_player":true,"story_end_slate":true,"story_smp_preview":true,"embed_player_pid":true,"cedexis":true,"mpulse":true,"story_single_column_layout":true,"story_image_copyright_labels":true,"ovp_resolve_primary_media_vpids":false,"media_player":true,"services_bar":true,"live_v2_stream":true,"ldp_tag_augmentation":true,"map_related_topic_tags":true,"olympics_tables":true,"embedephant-social-embeds":true,"interactive-social-embeds":true,"social-embeds":true,"amp_link":true},"configuration":{"showtimestamp":"1","showweather":"1","showsport":"1","showolympics":"1","showfeaturemain":"1","candyplatform":"EnhancedMobile","showwatchlisten":"1","showspecialreports":"","videotopiccandyid":"","showvideofeedsections":"1","showstorytopstories":"","showstoryfeaturesandanalysis":"1","showstorymostpopular":"","showgallery":"1","cms":"cps","channelpagecandyid":"10318089"},"pollingHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/https:\/\/polling.bbc.co.uk","service":"news","locale":"en-GB","locatorHost":null,"locatorFlagPole":true,"local":{"allowLocationLookup":true},"isWorldService":false,"isChannelPage":false,"languageVariant":"","commentsHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk","search":null,"comscoreAnalytics":null}; config.configuration['get'] = function (key) { return this[key.toLowerCase()]; }; var bootstrapUI=function(){var e=function(){if(navigator.userAgent.match(/(Android (2.0|2.1))|(Nokia)|(OSRE\/)|(Opera (Mini|Mobi))|(w(eb)?OSBrowser)|(UCWEB)|(Windows Phone)|(XBLWP)|(ZuneWP)/))return!1;if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE 10.0/))return!0;var e,t=document,n=t.head||t.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],r=t.createElement("style"),s=t.implementation||{hasFeature:function(){return!1}};r.type="text/css",n.insertBefore(r,n.firstChild),e=r.sheet||r.styleSheet;var i=s.hasFeature("CSS2","")?function(t){if(!e||!t)return!1;var n=!1;try{e.insertRule(t,0),n=!/unknown/i.test(e.cssRules[0].cssText),e.deleteRule(e.cssRules.length-1)}catch(r){}return n}:function(t){return e&&t?(e.cssText=t,0!==e.cssText.length&&!/unknown/i.test(e.cssText)&&0===e.cssText.replace(/\r+|\n+/g,"").indexOf(t.split(" ")[0])):!1};return i('@font-face{ font-family:"font";src:"font.ttf"; }')}();e&&(document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].className+=" ff"),function(){var e=document.documentElement.style;("flexBasis"in e||"WebkitFlexBasis"in e||"msFlexBasis"in e)&&(document.documentElement.className+=" flex")}();var t,n,r,s,i,a={},o=function(){var e=document.documentElement.clientWidth,n=window.innerWidth,r=n>1.5*e;t=r?e:n},u=function(e){var t=document.createElement("link");t.setAttribute("rel","stylesheet"),t.setAttribute("type","text/css"),t.setAttribute("href",n+e+r+".css"),t.setAttribute("media",i[e]),s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s),delete i[e]},c=function(e,n,r){n&&!r&&t>=n&&u(e),r&&!n&&r>=t&&u(e),n&&r&&t>=n&&r>=t&&u(e)},l=function(e){if(a[e])return a[e];var t=e.match(/\(min\-width:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/),n=e.match(/\(max\-width:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/),r=t&&parseFloat(t[1])||null,s=n&&parseFloat(n[1])||null;return a[e]=[r,s],a[e]},f=function(){var e=0;for(var t in i)e++;return e},m=function(){f()||window.removeEventListener("resize",d,!1);for(var e in i){var t=i[e],n=l(t);c(e,n[0],n[1])}},d=function(){o(),m()},h=function(e,t){i=e,n=t.path+("/"!==t.path.substr(-1)?"/":""),r=t.postfix,s=t.insertBefore,o(),m(),window.addEventListener("resize",d,!1)};return{stylesheetLoaderInit:h}}(); var stylesheets = {"compact":"(max-width: 599px)","tablet":"(min-width: 600px)","wide":"(min-width: 1008px)"}; bootstrapUI.stylesheetLoaderInit(stylesheets, { path: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/stylesheets/services/news', postfix: '', insertBefore: insertPoint }); var loadRequire = function(){ var js_paths = {"jquery-1.9":"vendor\/jquery-1\/jquery","jquery-1":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/frameworks\/jquery\/0.4.1\/sharedmodules\/jquery-1.7.2","demi-1":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/frameworks\/demi\/0.10.1\/sharedmodules\/demi-1","swfobject-2":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/frameworks\/swfobject\/0.1.10\/sharedmodules\/swfobject-2","jquery":"vendor\/jquery-2\/jquery.min","domReady":"vendor\/require\/domReady","translation":"module\/translations\/en-GB","bump-3":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180203021716\/http:\/\/emp.bbci.co.uk\/emp\/bump-3\/bump-3"}; js_paths.navigation = 'module/nav/navManager'; requirejs.config({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/js', map: { 'vendor/locator': { 'module/bootstrap': 'vendor/locator/bootstrap', 'locator/stats': 'vendor/locator/stats', 'locator/locatorView': 'vendor/locator/locatorView' } }, paths: js_paths, waitSeconds: 30 }); define('config', function () { return config; }); require(["compiled\/all"], function() { require(['domReady'], function (domReady) { domReady(function () { require(["module\/dotcom\/handlerAdapter","module\/stats\/statsSubscriberAdapter","module\/alternativeJsStrategy\/controller","module\/iconLoaderAdapter","module\/polyfill\/location.origin","module\/components\/breakingNewsAdapter","module\/indexTitleAdaptor","module\/navigation\/handlerAdaptor","module\/noTouchDetectionForCss","module\/components\/commentCountAdapter","module\/components\/fauxBlockLink","module\/components\/responsiveImage","module\/components\/timestampAdaptor"], function() { require(["module\/strategiserAdaptor"]); }); }); }); }); }; loadRequire(); } else { var l = document.createElement('link'); l.href = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/icons/generated/icons.fallback.css'; l.rel = 'stylesheet'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(l); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ bbcdotcom.init({adsToDisplay:['leaderboard', 'sponsor_section', 'mpu', 'mpu_bottom', 'adsense', 'native_slice_l', 'infeed_news_index']}); /*]]>*/ </script> <noscript><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716cs_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/icons/generated/icons.fallback.css" rel="stylesheet"></noscript> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { if (typeof bbccookies === 'object' && bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && bbccookies.readPolicy('performance')) { var a=window;a.dT_?a.console&&a.console.log("Duplicate agent injection detected, turning off redundant initConfig."):navigator.userAgent&&0<=navigator.userAgent.indexOf("RuxitSynthetic")||navigator.cookieEnabled&&(window.dT_||(window.dT_={cfg:"app=285117EA4094E766|cors=1|featureHash=A2SVfqr|lastModification=1512129153528|dtVersion=10131170927100713|reportUrl=https://bf88816bfn.bf.dynatrace.com/bf|tp=500,50,0,1|featureHash=A2SVfqr|async=1|agentUri=https://js-cdn.dynatrace.com/jstag/15fc9f135f3/ruxitagent_A2SVfqr_10131170927100713.js|auto=|domain=|rid=RID_|rpid=|app=285117EA4094E766"}));(function(){function l(){var a=0;try{a=ma.performance.timing.navigationStart+Math.floor(ma.performance.now())}catch(c){}return 0>=a||isNaN(a)?(new Date).getTime():a}function na(a,c){return oa(a,c)}function g(a,c){for(var d=1;d<arguments.length;d++)a.push(arguments[d])}function pa(a){g(qa,a)}function r(a,c){return parseInt(a,c||10)}function ra(a){try{if(R)return R[a]}catch(c){}return null}function sa(a,c){try{window.sessionStorage.setItem(a,c)}catch(d){}}function f(a,c){var d=-1;c&&a&&a.indexOf&&(d= a.indexOf(c));return d}function ta(a){document.cookie=a+'="";path=/'+(e.domain?";domain="+e.domain:"")+"; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;"}function ua(a){a=encodeURIComponent(a);var c=[];if(a)for(var d=0;d<a.length;d++){var t=a.charAt(d);g(c,$a[t]||t)}return c.join("")}function C(a,c,d,t){va(function(){if(c||0===c){c=(""+c).replace(/[;\n\r]/g,"_");c="DTSA"===a.toUpperCase()?ua(c):c;var b=a+"="+c+";path=/"+(e.domain?";domain="+e.domain:"");d&&(b+=";expires="+d.toUTCString());t&&(b+=";Secure"); document.cookie=b}else ta(a)})}function n(a){var c,d,t,b=document.cookie.split(";");for(c=0;c<b.length;c++)if(d=f(b[c],"="),t=b[c].substring(0,d),d=b[c].substring(d+1),t=t.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g,""),t===a)return"DTSA"===a.toUpperCase()?decodeURIComponent(d):d;return""}function wa(a){var c=/^[0-9A-Za-z_\$\+\/\.\-\*%\|]*$/.test(a);return 0>=f(a,"$")||a&&2<a.split("$").length?!1:c}function S(){var a=n(v);return a&&wa(a)?a:""}function T(a){C(v,a,void 0,b.bcv("ssc"))}function xa(a){a=a||S();var c={sessionId:null, v:null};if(a){var d=f(a,"|"),b=a;-1!==d&&(b=a.substring(0,d));d=f(b,"$");-1!==d?(c.sessionId=b.substring(d+1),c.v=b.substring(0,d)):c.sessionId=b}return c}function I(a){try{if("undefined"!==typeof window.DynatraceJsBridge&&"undefined"!==typeof window.DynatraceJsBridge.getServerId())return window.DynatraceJsBridge.getServerId()}catch(c){}return xa(a).v}function J(a){if(a)return xa(a).sessionId;if(a=S()){var c=f(a,"|");-1!=c&&(a=a.substring(0,c))}return a}function w(a,c){return Math.floor(Math.random()* (c-a+1))+a}function K(a){var c=window.crypto||window.msCrypto,d;if(c)d=new Int8Array(a),c.getRandomValues(d);else for(d=[],c=0;c<a;c++)d.push(w(0,32));a=[];for(c=0;c<d.length;c++){var b=Math.abs(d[c]%32);a.push(String.fromCharCode(b+(9>=b?48:55)))}return a.join("")}function ya(a){return document.getElementsByTagName(a)}function za(a){var c=a.length;if("number"===typeof c)a=c;else{for(var c=0,d=2048;a[d-1];)c=d,d+=d;for(var b=7;1<d-c;)b=(d+c)/2,a[b-1]?c=b:d=b;a=a[b]?d:c}return a}function Aa(a){var c= {};a=a.split("|");for(var d=0;d<a.length;d++){var b=a[d].split("=");2==b.length&&(c[b[0]]=decodeURIComponent(b[1].replace(/\+/g," ")))}return c}function D(a,c,d){c=c||{};a=a.split("|");for(var b=0;b<a.length;b++){var e=f(a[b],"="),k;-1===e?(k=a[b],c[k]="1"):(k=a[b].substring(0,e),c[k]=a[b].substring(e+1,a[b].length))}!d&&(d=c,a=d.spc)&&(b=document.createElement("textarea"),b.innerHTML=a,d.spc=b.value);return c}function U(a){return a in e?e[a]:V[a]}function x(a){a=U(a);return"false"===a||"0"===a?!1: !!a}function ab(a,c){e[a]=c}function Ba(a){var c=location.hostname;return c&&a?c==a||-1!==c.indexOf("."+a,c.length-("."+a).length):!0}function W(a){e[a]=0>f(e[a],"#"+a.toUpperCase())?e[a]:""}function bb(a,c){var d={};e.legacy="1";if(a){var b=/([a-zA-Z]*)[0-9]{0,4}_([a-zA-Z_0-9]*)_([0-9]+)/g.exec(a);b&&b.length&&(d.csu=b[1],d.featureHash=b[2],d.agentLocation=a.substr(0,f(a,b[1])-1),d.buildNumber=b[3])}c&&D(c,d,!0);Ba(d.domain)||(delete d.domain,d.domainOverride=location.hostname+","+d.domain);return d} function Ca(a){var c=a.agentUri;c&&-1<f(c,"_")&&(c=/([a-zA-Z]*)[0-9]{0,4}_([a-zA-Z_0-9]*)_[0-9]+/g.exec(c),a.csu=c[1],a.featureHash=c[2])}function Da(a){a.bp=a.bp||V.bp;a.bp2&&(a.bp=2);Ba(e.domain)||(e.domainOverride=location.hostname+","+e.domain,delete e.domain)}function L(a){var c=document.cookie?document.cookie.split(a).length-1:0;if(1<c){var d=e.domain||window.location.hostname,b=window.location.hostname,p=window.location.pathname,k=0,g=0;y.push(a);do{var h=b.substr(k);if(h!=d||"/"!==p){var f= a,l=h==d?null:h,r=p,n=1,m=0;do document.cookie=f+'=""'+(l?";domain="+l:"")+";path="+r.substr(0,n)+"; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;",n=r.indexOf("/",n),m++;while(-1!=n&&5>m);f=document.cookie?document.cookie.split(a).length-1:0;f<c&&(y.push(h),c=f)}k=b.indexOf(".",k)+1;g++}while(0!=k&&10>g&&1<c)}}function Ea(a,c){var d=document.createElement("script");d.setAttribute("src",a);c&&d.setAttribute("defer","true");d.setAttribute("crossorigin","anonymous");var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; b.parentElement.insertBefore(d,b)}function Fa(a){return M+"/"+E+"_"+a+"_"+(e.buildNumber||b.version)+".js"}function cb(){if(document.currentScript){var a=document.currentScript.src;if(a)for(var c=-1==f(a,"_bs")&&-1==f(a,"_bootstrap")&&-1==f(a,"_complete")?1:2,d=a.lastIndexOf("/"),b=0;b<c&&-1!=d;b++)a=a.substr(0,d),d=a.lastIndexOf("/");return a}return null}function Ga(){var a=n("rxVisitor");if(!a||""==a||a.length&&45!=a.length)a=ra("rxVisitor"),a&&45==a.length||(Ha=!0,a=l()+"",a+=K(45-a.length));var c= a,d=new Date;d.setFullYear(d.getFullYear()+2);C("rxVisitor",c,d,b.bcv("ssc"));sa("rxVisitor",c);return a}function X(a){var c=Ia(a);c||(c=N(a,!0));Y=!1;return c}function Ia(a){return!Y&&a||null==(Z()||window.rx_visitID)?(a=O(!0))&&1<=a.length&&!(aa()<=l())?(ba(l(),!1),P(),"sessionIDorRunIDMissing"==a[0].visitId?null:a[0].visitId):null:null}function Ja(a){a||(a=w(1,1E6));var c=J();c||(c=-1*w(2,21)+"$"+K(32),T(c),c=J(c));a=""+a;for(var d=a.length,b=[],e=0;e<c.length;e++)b[e]=String.fromCharCode(65+Math.abs((c.charCodeAt(e)^ a.charCodeAt(e%d))%26));return b.join("")}function ca(a){var c=O(!1);da(c,a);ba(l(),!0);P()}function N(a,c){c&&(ea=!0);var d;a:{if(Y||!a||Z())if(d=Z()||window.rx_visitID){window.rx_visitID=null;break a}d=null}var b=l();d||(d=Ja(b));ca(d);return d}function Z(){return b.rx_visitID||e.rx_visitID}function P(){fa&&clearTimeout(fa);fa=na(Ka,aa()-l())}function Ka(){if(aa()<=l()&&!x("coo")){var a=Ja(l());ca(a);return!0}P();return!1}function ba(a,c){var d=La().j;c&&(d=a);C("rxvt",a+Ma+"|"+d,void 0,b.bcv("ssc"))} function La(){var a={m:0,j:0},c=n("rxvt");if(c)try{var d=c.split("|");2==d.length&&(a.m=parseInt(d[0],10),a.j=parseInt(d[1],10))}catch(t){}return a}function aa(){var a=La();return Math.min(a.m,a.j+Na)}function Oa(a,c){for(var d=O(c),b=!1,e=0;e<d.length;e++)d[e].frameId===z&&(d[e].b=a,b=!0);b||g(d,{frameId:z,b:a});da(d)}function da(a,c){var d="",e=!1;if(a){for(var d=[],f=0;f<a.length;f++)"-"!=a[f].b&&(e=!0,0<f&&0<d.length&&g(d,"p"),g(d,m),g(d,"$"),g(d,a[f].frameId),g(d,"h"),g(d,a[f].b));d.length|| (F&&(N(!1,!0),F=!1),m=I(),g(d,m),g(d,"$"),g(d,z),g(d,"h-"));g(d,"v");g(d,c||X(e));d=d.join("")}d||(F&&(N(!1,!0),F=!1),m=I(),d=m+"$"+z+"h-v"+(c||X(!1)));e=d;try{"undefined"!==typeof window.DynatraceJsBridge&&"undefined"!==typeof window.DynatraceJsBridge.setDtPc&&window.DynatraceJsBridge.setDtPc(e)}catch(k){}C(G,e,void 0,b.bcv("ssc"))}function O(a){var c=n(G),b=[];if(c&&"-"!==c)for(var c=c.split("p"),e=0;e<c.length;e++){var p=c[e].split("h");if(2===p.length&&p[0]&&p[1]){var k=p[0],m;k&&0<=f(k,"$")&& (k=k.split("$")[1]);if(0<=f(p[1],"v")){var h=p[1].split("v");2==h.length&&(m=h[1],p[1]=h[0])}if(!(h=a)){var h=r(k.split("_")[0]),q=l()%6E8;q<h&&(q+=6E8);h=h+9E5>q}h&&g(b,{frameId:k,b:p[1]})}}for(e=0;e<b.length;e++)b[e].visitId=m;return b}function ga(a){x("coo")&&!x("cooO")?(A||(A=[]),g(A,a)):a()}function va(a){if(!x("coo")||x("cooO"))return a()}var B=window;if(!B.dT_||!B.dT_.cfg||"string"!=typeof B.dT_.cfg||B.dT_.initialized)B.console&&B.console.log("Initconfig not found or agent already initialized! This is an injection issue."); else if(!(navigator.userAgent&&0<=navigator.userAgent.indexOf("RuxitSynthetic"))&&navigator.cookieEnabled){var oa=window.setTimeout,R=window.sessionStorage,b={version:"10131170927100713",cfg:window.dT_&&window.dT_.cfg,ica:1};window.dT_=b;var ma=window,qa=[];b.agentStartTime=l();b.nw=l;b.apush=g;b.st=na;b.aBPSL=pa;b.gBPSL=function(){return qa};b.buildType="appmon";b.buildType="dynatrace";var $a={"!":"%21","~":"%7E","*":"%2A","(":"%28",")":"%29","'":"%27",$:"%24",";":"%3B",",":"%2C"};b.gSSV=ra;b.sSSV= sa;b.pn=r;b.iVSC=wa;b.io=f;b.dC=ta;b.sC=C;b.esc=ua;b.gSId=I;b.gDtc=J;b.gSC=S;b.sSC=T;b.gC=n;b.cRN=w;b.cRS=K;b.gEL=za;b.gEBTN=ya;var V={ade:"",app:"",bandwidth:"300",bp1:!1,bp2:!1,bp:1,bs:!1,coo:!1,cooO:!1,cors:!1,csu:"",cux:!1,disableCookieManager:!1,disableLogging:!1,disableXhrFailures:!1,domain:"",domainOverride:"",doNotDetect:"",dsndb:!1,dsss:!1,euf:!1,evl:"",extblacklist:"",exteventsoff:!1,fa:!1,featureHash:"",ffi:!1,hvt:216E5,ign:"",instr:"",lab:!1,legacy:!1,lmut:!0,md:"",mdn:5E3,mepp:10,moa:30, mrt:3,msl:3E4,ncw:!1,ntd:!1,oat:180,ote:!1,pui:!1,reportUrl:"",rid:"",ridPath:"",rpid:"",rt:1E4,rtl:0,rtp:2,rtt:1E3,rtu:200,sl:100,sosi:!1,spc:"",spl:!1,ssc:!1,st:3E3,svNB:!1,tp:"500,50,3",tvc:3E3,uam:!1,useNewCookies:!1,WST:!1,xb:"",xbp:null,xmut:!0,xt:0},e={reportUrl:"dynaTraceMonitor",initializedModules:"",csu:"dtagent",dataDtConfig:b.cfg},db={childList:!0,subtree:!0,attributes:!0,attributeOldValue:!0},eb=["_DT_RENDERING_"],ha;try{ha=window.localStorage}catch(a){}(function(){var a=e.dataDtConfig; "string"==typeof a&&-1==f(a,"#CONFIGSTRING")&&(D(a,e),W("domain"),W("auto"),W("app"),Ca(e))})();var Pa=ya("script"),Qa=za(Pa),q,u;if(0<Qa)for(var H,Ra=e.csu+"_bootstrap.js",ia=0;ia<Qa;ia++)if(H=Pa[ia],H.attributes){var Sa=H.attributes.getNamedItem("data-dtconfig"),Q=H.src;if(Sa)if(u=bb(H.src,Sa.value),!q)q=u;else if("1"!=u.syntheticConfig){q=u;break}var ja=Q&&Q.indexOf(Ra);if(ja&&0<=ja){var Ta=ja+Ra.length+5;u||(u=e);u.app=Q.length>Ta?Q.substr(Ta):"Default%20Application"}}if(q)for(var ka in q)q.hasOwnProperty(ka)&& (e[ka]=q[ka]);e.rx_visitID&&(b.rx_visitID=e.rx_visitID);(function(){var a=e.csu,a=(a.indexOf("dbg")==a.length-3?a.substr(0,a.length-3):a)+"_"+e.app+"_Store";try{var c=ha&&ha.getItem(a);if(c){var b=Aa(c),f=D(b.config,b).lastModification||"",g=e.lastModification||"",k=r(f.substr(0,13)),l=r(g.substr(0,13));if(!g||k>=l)for(var h in b)b.hasOwnProperty(h)&&("config"==h?D(b[h],e):e[h]=b[h])}}catch(fb){}})();Da(e);try{var Ua=e.ign;if(Ua&&(new RegExp(Ua)).test(window.location.href)){document.dT_=window.dT_= null;return}}catch(a){}var G="dtPC",v="dtCookie",Va="x-dtpc",Wa="x-dtreferer",la="dtLatC";e.useNewCookies&&(G="rxpc",v="rxsession",la="rxlatency",Va="x-rxpc",Wa="x-rxreferer");b.gSCN=function(){return v};b.gPCHN=function(){return Va};b.gRHN=function(){return Wa};b.pageContextCookieName=G;b.latencyCookieName=la;b.mobileSessionIDCookieName="dtAdk";b.cfg=e;b.pCfg=Aa;b.pCSAA=D;b.cFHFAU=Ca;b.sCD=Da;b.bcv=x;b.ncv=function(a){var b=r(U(a));isNaN(b)&&(b=r(V[a]));return b};b.scv=function(a){return String(U(a))}; b.stcv=ab;b.rplC=function(a){return e=a};var y=[];L(G);L(v);L(la);L("rxvt");pa(function(a,b){0<y.length&&!b&&(a.a("dCN","duplicateCookieNames",function(){return y.join(",")},function(){return y.slice()}),y=[])});var z=b.agentStartTime%6E8+"_"+r(w(0,1E3));b.gFId=function(){return z};b.frameId=z;var Xa,M,E;try{Xa=R.getItem("dtDisabled")}catch(a){}(M=e.agentLocation)||(M=cb());E=e.agentname||"ruxitagentjs";E=n("dtUseDebugAgent")?e.debugName||E+"dbg":e.name||E;if(!e.auto&&!e.legacy&&!Xa){var Ya=e.agentUri|| Fa(e.featureHash);e.async?Ea(Ya,e.async):document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+Ya+'">\x3c/script>')}if(-1!=f(window.location.href,"_DT_RENDERING_")){var Za=b.RMOD={};M&&(Za.conf=db,Za.ignore=eb,Ea(Fa("R"),!0))}var m;ga(function(){J()||T(-1*w(2,21)+"$"+K(32));m=I()});b.gcSId=function(){return m};var Ha=!1;ga(Ga);b.iNV=function(){return Ha};b.gVID=Ga;var fa,Ma=18E5,Na=216E5,Y=!0,ea=!1,F=!1;if(e.hvt)try{Na=parseInt(e.hvt,10)}catch(a){}b.sVIdUP=function(){F=!0};b.sVTT=function(a){Ma=a}; b.sVIDP="rx_visitID";b.sVID=ca;b.rVID=Ia;b.gVI=X;b.gNVId=N;b.gARnVF=function(){var a=ea;ea=!1;return a};b.cAUV=function(){Ka()||(ba(l(),!1),P())};Oa(1);b.gPC=O;b.cPC=Oa;b.sPC=da;var A;n(v)&&(e.cooO=1);b.eWE=ga;b.oEIE=va;b.eA=function(){for(var a=0;a<A.length;a++)oa(A[a],0);A=[];e.cooO=1}}})(); } })(); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=1"> </head> <!--[if IE]><body id="asset-type-idx" class="ie device--feature"><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]>--><body id="asset-type-idx" class="device--feature"><!--<![endif]--> <div class="direction"> <!-- BBCDOTCOM bodyFirst --><div id="bbccom_interstitial_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_interstitial" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_interstitial'); }); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var wallpaper; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { if (bbcdotcom.config.isAsync()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_wallpaper'); }); } else if (typeof googletag !== "undefined" && typeof googletag.display === "function") { googletag.display("wallpaper"); } wallpaper = bbcdotcom.adverts.adRegister.getAd('wallpaper'); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAdsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('analytics')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAnalyticsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } }()); /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyFirst = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script> <div id="blq-global"> <div id="blq-pre-mast"> </div> </div> <script type="text/html" id="blq-bbccookies-tmpl"><![CDATA[ <section> <div id="bbccookies" class="bbccookies-banner orb-banner-wrapper bbccookies-d"> <div id="bbccookies-prompt" class="orb-banner b-g-p b-r b-f"> <h2 class="orb-banner-title"> Cookies on the BBC website </h2> <p class="orb-banner-content" dir="ltr"> The BBC has updated its cookie policy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This includes cookies from third party social media websites if you visit a page which contains embedded content from social media. Such third party cookies may track your use of the BBC website.<span class="bbccookies-international-message"> We and our partners also use cookies to ensure we show you advertising that is relevant to you.</span> If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the BBC website. However, you can change your cookie settings at any time. </p> <ul class="orb-banner-options"> <li id="bbccookies-continue"> <button type="button" id="bbccookies-continue-button">Continue</button> </li> <li id="bbccookies-settings"> <a href="/privacy/cookies/managing/cookie-settings.html">Change settings</a> </li> <li id="bbccookies-more"><a href="/privacy/cookies/bbc">Find out more</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </section> ]]></script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){if(bbccookies._showPrompt()){var g=document,b=g.getElementById("blq-pre-mast"),e=g.getElementById("blq-bbccookies-tmpl"),a,f;if(b&&g.createElement){a=g.createElement("div");f=e.innerHTML;f=f.replace("<"+"![CDATA[","").replace("]]"+">","");a.innerHTML=f;b.appendChild(a);blqCookieContinueButton=g.getElementById("bbccookies-continue-button");blqCookieContinueButton.onclick=function(){a.parentNode.removeChild(a);return false};bbccookies._setPolicy(bbccookies.readPolicy())}var c=g.getElementById("bbccookies");if(c&&!window.orb.fig("uk")){c.className=c.className.replace(/\bbbccookies-d\b/,"");c.className=c.className+(" bbccookies-w")}}})(); /*]]>*/</script> <noscript><p style="position: absolute; top: -999em"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s?name=news.special_reports.page&amp;ml_name=webmodule&amp;ml_version=89&amp;blq_js_enabled=0&amp;blq_s=4d&amp;blq_r=2.7&amp;blq_v=default&amp;blq_e=pal&amp;cps_asset_id=10282696&amp;page_type=Index搂ion=%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&amp;first_pub=2010-06-10T08%3A54%3A56%2B00%3A00&amp;last_editorial_update=2017-12-29T16%3A03%3A08%2B00%3A00&amp;curie=b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523%2Fmobile%2Finternational&amp;for_nation=nl&amp;app_version=1.227.0&amp;bbc_site=news&amp;pal_route=asset&amp;app_type=responsive&amp;language=en-GB&amp;pal_webapp=tabloid&amp;prod_name=news&amp;app_name=news" height="1" width="1" alt=""></p></noscript> <!-- Begin iStats 20100118 (UX-CMC 1.1009.3) --> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (typeof bbccookies !== 'undefined' && bbccookies.isAllowed('s1')) { (function () { require(['istats-1'], function (istats) { istatsTrackingUrl = istats.getDefaultURL(); if (istats.isEnabled() && bbcFlagpoles_istats === 'ON') { sitestat(istatsTrackingUrl); } else { window.ns_pixelUrl = istatsTrackingUrl; /* used by Flash library to track */ } function sitestat(n) { var j = document, f = j.location, b = ""; if (j.cookie.indexOf("st_ux=") != -1) { var k = j.cookie.split(";"); var e = "st_ux", h = document.domain, a = "/"; if (typeof ns_ != "undefined" && typeof ns_.ux != "undefined") { e = ns_.ux.cName || e; h = ns_.ux.cDomain || h; a = ns_.ux.cPath || a } for (var g = 0, f = k.length; g < f; g++) { var m = k[g].indexOf("st_ux="); if (m != -1) { b = "&" + decodeURI(k[g].substring(m + 6)) } } bbccookies.set(e + "=; expires=" + new Date(new Date().getTime() - 60).toGMTString() + "; path=" + a + "; domain=" + h); } window.ns_pixelUrl = n; } }); })(); } else { window.istats = {enabled: false}; } /*]]>*/</script> <!-- End iStats (UX-CMC) --> <!--[if (gt IE 8) | (IEMobile)]><!--> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner"> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]> <![if (IE 8)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie8"> <![endif]> <![if (IE 7)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie7"> <![endif]> <![if (IE 6)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie6"> <![endif]> <![endif]--> <div id="orb-header" class="orb-nav-pri orb-nav-pri-white b-header--white--black orb-nav-empty"> <div class="orb-nav-pri-container b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-blocks"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/img/bbc-blocks-dark.png" width="84" height="24" alt="BBC"/> </a> </div> <section> <div class="orb-skip-links"> <h2>Accessibility links</h2> <ul> <li><a href="#page">Skip to content</a></li> <li><a id="orb-accessibility-help" href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div id="mybbc-wrapper" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-id orb-nav-focus"> <div id="idcta-statusbar" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-focus"> <a id="idcta-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://account.bbc.com/account?ptrt=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports"> <span id="idcta-username">BBC iD</span> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> require(['idcta/statusbar'], function(statusbar) { new statusbar.Statusbar({"id":"idcta-statusbar","publiclyCacheable":true}); }); </script> <a id="notification-link" class="js-notification-link animated three" href="#"> <span class="hidden-span">Notifications</span> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <div class="notification-link--triangle"></div> <span id="not-num"></span> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="orb-nav"> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-links orb-nav-focus" id="orb-nav-links"> <h2>BBC navigation</h2> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tomorrowsworld orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/tomorrowsworld">Tomorrow's World</a> </li> <li id="orb-nav-more"><a href="#orb-footer" data-alt="More">Menu<span class="orb-icon orb-icon-arrow"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-search"> <a class="orb-search__button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" title="Search the BBC">Search</a> <form class="b-f" id="orb-search-form" role="search" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" accept-charset="utf-8"> <div> <label for="orb-search-q">Search the BBC</label> <input id="orb-search-q" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="q" placeholder="Search"> <button id="orb-search-button" class="orb-search__button">Search the BBC</button> <input type="hidden" name="suggid" id="orb-search-suggid"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="orb-panels"> <script type="text/template" id="orb-panel-template"><![CDATA[ <div id="orb-panel-<%= panelname %>" class="orb-panel" aria-labelledby="orb-nav-<%= panelname %>"> <div class="orb-panel-content b-g-p b-r"> <%= panelcontent %> </div> </div> ]]></script> </div> </div> </header> <!-- Styling hook for shared modules only --> <div id="orb-modules"> <div id="site-container"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <div class="browser-notify"> <div class="browser-notify__banner"> <div class="browser-notify__icon"></div> <span>This site is optimised for modern web browsers, and does not fully support your version of Internet Explorer</span> </div> </div> <![endif]--> <div class="site-brand site-brand--height" role="banner" aria-label="BBC News"> <div class="site-brand-inner site-brand-inner--height"> <div class="navigation navigation--primary"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news" id="brand"> <svg class="brand__svg" width="102" height="30" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <image xlink:href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/img/brand/generated/news-light.svg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/news/1.227.02334/img/brand/generated/news-light.png" width="100%" height="100%"/> </svg> <span class="off-screen">News</span> </a> <h2 class="navigation__heading off-screen">BBC News Navigation</h2> <a href="#core-navigation" class="navigation__section navigation__section--core" data-event="header"> <div class="navigation__section--icon"> <span class="off-screen">Sections</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="navigation navigation--wide"> <ul class="navigation-wide-list" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-primary"> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/headlines" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Video</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-World" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>World</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-UK" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>UK</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Business" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Business</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Tech</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/science_and_environment" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Science</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/stories" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Stories</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment_and_arts" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Entertainment &amp; Arts</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/health" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world_radio_and_tv" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>World News TV</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/in_pictures" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>In Pictures</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/realitycheck" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Reality Check</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Newsbeat</span> </a> </li> <li class="selected"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports" class="navigation-wide-list__link navigation-arrow--open"> <span>Special Reports</span> </a> <span class="off-screen">selected</span> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/explainers" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Explainers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/the_reporters" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>The Reporters</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/have_your_say" class="navigation-wide-list__link navigation-wide-list__link--last"> <span>Have Your Say</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_leaderboard_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('leaderboard', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="breaking-news-container" data-polling-url="https://polling.bbc.co.uk/news/latest_breaking_news?audience=International" aria-live="polite"></div> <div id="page" class="configurable index " data-story-id="special_reports"> <div role="main"> <div class="container-width-only"> <h1 class="index-title index-title--redundant " id="comp-index-title" data-index-title-meta="{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;comp-index-title&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;index-title&quot;,&quot;handler&quot;:&quot;indexTitle&quot;,&quot;deviceGroups&quot;:null,&quot;opts&quot;:{&quot;alwaysVisible&quot;:false,&quot;onFrontPage&quot;:false},&quot;template&quot;:&quot;index-title&quot;}">Special reports</h1> <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="column--single"> <div id="comp-candy-asset-munger" class="distinct-component-group container-kestrel"> <h2 class="group-title off-screen " data-entityid="#top_stories"> Top Stories </h2> <div class="kestrel kestrel__dark faux-block-link"> <div class="kestrel-item" data-entityid="top_stories#1"> <div class="kestrel__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/337A/production/_98087131_100_women_facewall_promo2_976.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="100 Women" width="976" height="549"/> </div> </div> <div class="kestrel__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c779dqxlxv2t/100-women" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">100 Women</span> </h3> </a> <div class="kestrel__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1506776835" data-datetime="30 September 2017">30 September 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c779dqxlxv2t/100-women" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article 100 Women</a> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__3 sparrow__dark"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#2"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/AC92/production/_97087144_976x549-main-cps-promo2.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="4 faces montage"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/AC92/production/_97087144_976x549-main-cps-promo2.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="4 faces montage" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38683657" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Partition - 70 years on</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1502118745" data-datetime="7 August 2017">7 August 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-38683657" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Partition - 70 years on</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#3"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/77E6/production/_92349603_gettyimages-621650904.jpg" data-width="2048" data-height="1152" data-alt="Trump supporters"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/77E6/production/_92349603_gettyimages-621650904.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Trump supporters" width="2048" height="1152" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38012811" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Trump takes office</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1506782141" data-datetime="30 September 2017">30 September 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38012811" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Trump takes office</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#4"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9D49/production/_88556204_is-fightesr.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="IS fighters"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9D49/production/_88556204_is-fightesr.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="IS fighters" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/24758587" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Islamic State conflict</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1506782161" data-datetime="30 September 2017">30 September 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/24758587" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Islamic State conflict</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2,3]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container--primary-and-secondary-columns column-clearfix"> <div class="column--primary"> <div id="comp-candy-asset-munger-2" class="distinct-component-group container-sparrow"> <h2 class="group-title " data-entityid="#world"> World </h2> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__2 sparrow__light"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="the_reporters#1"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/0866/production/_96505120_trump_getty_976.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Donald Trump"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/0866/production/_96505120_trump_getty_976.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Donald Trump" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://bbc.in/2ssfyCJ" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Six reasons Trump鈥檚 wall may not actually get built</span> </h3> </a> <p class="sparrow-item__summary">The key things that could topple the US president's border barrier.</p> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1497530297" data-datetime="15 June 2017">15 June 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://bbc.in/2ssfyCJ" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Six reasons Trump鈥檚 wall may not actually get built</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="the_reporters#2"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/0FA8/production/_97280040_mosul_destruction_getty_976.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Mosul destruction"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/0FA8/production/_97280040_mosul_destruction_getty_976.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Mosul destruction" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://bbc.in/2wtVyz3" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Is anything left of this city?</span> </h3> </a> <p class="sparrow-item__summary">The devastation caused by the battle to rid the Iraqi city of so-called Islamic State.</p> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1502291959" data-datetime="9 August 2017">9 August 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://bbc.in/2wtVyz3" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Is anything left of this city?</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__2 sparrow__light"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="the_reporters#3"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/F134/production/_88284716__86874797_promo_climate_change_news_site.png" data-width="624" data-height="351" data-alt="Graphic"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/F134/production/_88284716__86874797_promo_climate_change_news_site.png" class="js-image-replace" alt="Graphic" width="624" height="351" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-5aceb360-8bc3-4741-99f0-2e4f76ca02bb" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Global warming</span> </h3> </a> <p class="sparrow-item__summary">Six graphics that explain climate change</p> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1455555738" data-datetime="15 February 2016">15 February 2016</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-5aceb360-8bc3-4741-99f0-2e4f76ca02bb" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Global warming</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="the_reporters#4"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/90E1/production/_85298073_028799765-1.jpg" data-width="624" data-height="351" data-alt="Migrants arrive in Munich (31 August)"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/90E1/production/_85298073_028799765-1.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Migrants arrive in Munich (31 August)" width="624" height="351" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32395181" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Europe migrant crisis</span> </h3> </a> <p class="sparrow-item__summary">Latest news and reports on the unfolding migrant crisis in the Mediterranean</p> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1429625924" data-datetime="21 April 2015">21 April 2015</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-32395181" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Europe migrant crisis</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column--secondary"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis" id="comp-features-and-analysis"> <h2 class="features-and-analysis__title"> Interactives and Graphics </h2> <div class="features-and-analysis__stories promo-unit-spacer"> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#1"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41228181" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/DCC4/production/_97961565_swimming_pool_nk_976.png" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Swimming pool North Korea"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/DCC4/production/_97961565_swimming_pool_nk_976.png" class="js-image-replace" alt="Swimming pool North Korea" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">North Korea</h3> <p class="bold-image-promo__summary">What can statistics tell us about life in Kim Jong-un's secretive country?</p> </a> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#2"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41172545" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/BE76/production/_97685784_irma_reuters.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Satellite image of Hurricane Irma"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/BE76/production/_97685784_irma_reuters.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Satellite image of Hurricane Irma" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">Hurricane Irma</h3> <p class="bold-image-promo__summary">Satellite images and maps of Hurricane Irma, the most powerful Atlantic storm in a decade.</p> </a> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#3"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/sport/41037621" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716oe_/https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/95E4/production/_97527383_football_2017_promo_blue.png" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="illustrated image of football players for the BBC footballers wages calculator with blue background"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/95E4/production/_97527383_football_2017_promo_blue.png" class="js-image-replace" alt="illustrated image of football players for the BBC footballers wages calculator with blue background" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">You v Neymar</h3> <p class="bold-image-promo__summary">Test how your wages stack up against a selection of the world鈥檚 leading footballers</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ugc-promo-title" class="group-title-component "> <h2 class="group-title"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/have_your_say" class="group-title__link">Share with BBC News</a> </h2></div> <ul class="simple-list"> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--mobile-smart" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Send us an SMS or MMS to +44 7624 800100</span> </li> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--email" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Email us at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/mailto:avezvotreparlez@bbc.co.uk" class="simple-list__link">haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk</a> </span> </li> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--twitter" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Follow Have Your Say on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/https://twitter.com/BBC_HaveYourSay" class="simple-list__link">Twitter</a> </span> </li> </ul> <div id="bbccom_native_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot native-ad"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('native', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_bottom_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-bottom-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu_bottom', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_adsense_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot adsense-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('adsense', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column--single-bottom"> <div id="comp-digest-2" class="hidden" data-post-load-url="/news/pattern-library-components?config_path=idx%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&amp;component_id=digest-2&amp;presenter=pattern-library-presenter"> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_native_slice_l_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot nativeslicel-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('native_slice_l', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_infeed_news_index_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot infeednewsindex-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('infeed_news_index', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_native_slice_l_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot nativeslicel-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('native_slice_l', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_infeed_news_index_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot infeednewsindex-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('infeed_news_index', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="core-navigation" class="navigation--footer"> <h2 class="navigation--footer__heading">BBC News Navigation</h2> <nav id="navigation--bottom" class="navigation navigation--bottom " role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News"> <span class="navigation-core-title">Sections</span> <ul class="navigation--bottom__toplevel"> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news" class=""> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/headlines" class=""> <span>Video</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-World" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>World</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-World"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world"><span>World Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/africa"><span>Africa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/asia"><span>Asia</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/australia"><span>Australia</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/europe"><span>Europe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/latin_america"><span>Latin America</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/middle_east"><span>Middle East</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world/us_and_canada"><span>US &amp; Canada</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-UK" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>UK</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-UK"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk"><span>UK Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/england"><span>England</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/northern_ireland"><span>N. Ireland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/scotland"><span>Scotland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/wales"><span>Wales</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/politics"><span>Politics</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Business" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>Business</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-Business"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business"><span>Business Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/market_data"><span>Market Data</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business/markets"><span>Markets</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-38507481"><span>Global Trade</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business/companies"><span>Companies</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-22434141"><span>Entrepreneurship</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-11428889"><span>Technology of Business</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business/business_of_sport"><span>Business of Sport</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business-12686570"><span>Global Education</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/business/economy"><span>Economy</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology" class=""> <span>Tech</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/science_and_environment" class=""> <span>Science</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/stories" class=""> <span>Stories</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment_and_arts" class=""> <span>Entertainment &amp; Arts</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/health" class=""> <span>Health</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/world_radio_and_tv" class=""> <span>World News TV</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/in_pictures" class=""> <span>In Pictures</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/realitycheck" class=""> <span>Reality Check</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat" class=""> <span>Newsbeat</span> </a> </li> <li class="selected "> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports" class="navigation-arrow--open"> <span>Special Reports</span> </a> <span class="off-screen">selected</span> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/explainers" class=""> <span>Explainers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/the_reporters" class=""> <span>The Reporters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news/have_your_say" class=""> <span>Have Your Say</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="comp-pattern-library-2" class="distinct-component-group "> <div id="bbc-news-services" class="blue-tit" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News Services"> <div class="blue-tit__inner"> <h2 class="blue-tit__title">BBC News Services</h2> <ul class="blue-tit__list"> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10628994" class="blue-tit__list-item-link mobile">On your mobile</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/help-17655000" class="blue-tit__list-item-link connected-tv">On your connected tv</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10628323" class="blue-tit__list-item-link newsletter">Get news alerts</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/20039682" class="blue-tit__list-item-link contact-us">Contact BBC News</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- closes #site-container --> </div> <div id="orb-footer" class="orb-footer orb-footer-grey b-footer--grey--white"> <div id="navp-orb-footer-promo" class="orb-footer-grey"></div> <aside role="complementary"> <div id="orb-aside" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner" role="navigation"> <h2 class="orb-footer-lead">Explore the BBC</h2> <div class="orb-footer-primary-links"> <ul> <li class="orb-nav-home orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-homedotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/">Home</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-news orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/news">News</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-sport"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/sport/">Sport</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-weather"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/weather/">Weather</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-shop orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://shop.bbc.com/">Shop</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earthdotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel-dotcom orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-capital orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/capital/">Capital</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-iplayer orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/iplayer/">iPlayer</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-culture orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/culture/">Culture</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-autos orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/autos/">Autos</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-future orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/future/">Future</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tv"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/tv/">TV</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-radio"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/radio/">Radio</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbbc"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/cbbc">CBBC</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/cbeebies">CBeebies</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-food"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/food/">Food</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/iwonder">iWonder</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/education">Bitesize</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-travel orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/travel/">Travel</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-music"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/music/">Music</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-earth orb-d"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/earth/">Earth</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-arts"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/arts/">Arts</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-makeitdigital"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/makeitdigital">Make It Digital</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/taster">Taster</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-nature orb-w"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/nature/">Nature</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-local"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/local/">Local</a> </li> <li class="orb-nav-tomorrowsworld orb-d"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/tomorrowsworld">Tomorrow's World</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div id="orb-contentinfo" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"> <div class="orb-footer-inner"> <ul> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/terms/">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/aboutthebbc/">About the BBC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/about">Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/guidance/">Parental Guidance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/contact/">Contact the BBC</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/bbcnewsletter">Get Personalised Newsletters</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/">Advertise with us</a> </li> <li class=" orb-w"> <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/privacy/cookies/international/">Ad choices</a> </li> </ul> <small> <span class="orb-hilight">Copyright &copy; 2018 BBC.</span> The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. <a href="/web/20180203021716/http://www.bbc.com/help/web/links/" class="orb-hilight">Read about our approach to external linking.</a> </small> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <!-- BBCDOTCOM bodyLast --><div class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && window.bbcdotcom.analytics && bbcdotcom.config && !bbcdotcom.config.isSportApp()) { bbcdotcom.analytics.page(); } /*]]>*/ </script><noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716im_/http://ssc.api.bbc.com/?c1=2&amp;c2=19293874&amp;ns_site=bbc&amp;name=news.special_reports" height="1" width="1" alt=""></noscript><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.write(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.postWrite(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled() && bbcdotcom.lotame){ bbcdotcom.lotame.write(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ /** * ASYNC waits to make any gpt requests until the bottom of the page */ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.ads && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync() ) { (function () { var gads = document.createElement('script'); gads.async = true; gads.type = 'text/javascript'; var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats === 1 && bbcdotcom.utils && window.location.pathname === '/' && window.bbccookies && bbccookies.readPolicy('performance') ) { var wwhpEdition = bbcdotcom.utils.getMetaPropertyContent('wwhp-edition'); var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 50924; _sf_async_config.domain = "bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.title = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ' - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.sections = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ', Homepage - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.region = wwhpEdition; _sf_async_config.path = "/"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? '?'+wwhpEdition : ''); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1 ) { var js_loaded=false, percent; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isSherlockEnabled()) { document.write('<script src="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://stag.mdotlabs.com/ads.js">\x3C/script>'); if(document.location.protocol === "http:"){ document.write('<script src="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://stag.mdotlabs.com/sherlock.php?clientID=19293874">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script src="//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://stag.mdotlabs.com/sherlock.php?clientID=19293874&sec=1">\x3C/script>'); } } } /*]]>*/ </script><script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyLast = true; }()); /*]]>*/ </script></div><!-- BBCDOTCOM all code in page --> <script type="text/javascript" id="orb-js-script" data-assetpath="http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203021716js_/http://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/barlesque/3.21.31/orb/4/script/orb.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { 'use strict'; var promoManager = { url: '', promoLoaded: false, makeUrl: function (theme, site, win) { var loc = win? win.location : window.location, proto = loc.protocol, host = loc.host, url = proto + '//' + ((proto.match(/s:/i) && !host.match(/^www\.(int|test)\./i))? 'ssl.' : 'www.'), themes = ['light', 'dark']; if ( host.match(/^(?:www|ssl|m)\.(int|test|stage|live)\.bbc\./i) ) { url += RegExp.$1 + '.'; } else if ( host.match(/^pal\.sandbox\./i) ) { url += 'test.'; } theme = themes[ +(theme === themes[0]) ]; return url + 'bbc.co.uk/navpromo/card/' + site + '/' + theme; }, init: function(node) { var disabledByCookie = (document.cookie.indexOf('ckns_orb_nopromo=1') > -1), that = this; if (window.promomanagerOverride) { for (var p in promomanagerOverride) { that[p] = promomanagerOverride[p]; } } if ( window.orb.fig('uk') && !disabledByCookie ) { require(['orb/async/_footerpromo', 'istats-1'], function(promo, istats) { var virtualSite = istats.getSite() || 'default'; that.url = (window.promomanagerOverride || that).makeUrl('light', virtualSite); if (that.url) { promo.load(that.url, node, { onSuccess: function(e) { if(e.status === 'success') { node.parentNode.className = node.parentNode.className + ' orb-footer-promo-loaded'; promoManager.promoLoaded = true; promoManager.event('promo-loaded').fire(e); } }, onError: function() { istats.log('error', 'orb-footer-promo-failed'); bbccookies.set('ckns_orb_nopromo=1; expires=' + new Date(new Date().getTime() + 1000 * 60 * 10).toGMTString() + ';path=/;'); } }); } }); } } }; define('orb/promomanager', ['orb/lib/_event'], function (event) { event.mixin(promoManager); return promoManager; }); require(['orb/promomanager'], function (promoManager) { promoManager.init(document.getElementById('navp-orb-footer-promo')); }) })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> require.config({ paths: { "mybbc/templates": '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.4/templates', "mybbc/notifications": '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.4/js' } }); require(['mybbc/notifications/NotificationsMain', 'idcta/idcta-1'], function (NotificationsMain, idcta) { var loadNotifications = function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { NotificationsMain.run(idcta, '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.8.4/'); } }; var orbFig = window.orb.fig; if (typeof orbFig.load === 'function') { // Use new async API from Orbit orbFig.load(loadNotifications, loadNotifications); } else { // Use old sync-only API from PAL orbfig project loadNotifications(orbFig); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (typeof require !== 'undefined') { require(['istats-1'], function(istats){ istats.track('external', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); istats.track('download', { region: document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] }); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.SEARCHBOX.suppress === false && window.SEARCHBOX.locale && /^en-?.*?/.test(window.SEARCHBOX.locale)) { require.config({ paths: { "search/searchbox": window.SEARCHBOX.searchboxAppStaticPrefix, "disco-layer": "//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/0.0.1-225.3e98a7a/app" } }); require(['search/searchbox/searchboxDrawer'], function (SearchboxDrawer) { SearchboxDrawer.run(window.SEARCHBOX); }); var loadDiscoveryLayer = function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { require(['disco-layer'], function (discoLayer) { discoLayer.run("//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/content/", "//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/discovery-layer/0.0.1-225.3e98a7a/main.css"); }); } }; var orbFig = window.orb.fig; if (typeof orbFig.load === 'function') { // Use new async API from Orbit orbFig.load(loadDiscoveryLayer); } else { // Use old sync-only API from PAL orbfig project loadDiscoveryLayer(orbFig); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript">require(["megavolt-client","istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(t,e,i){function o(){return"true"===l&&a&&t&&"function"==typeof t.getMVTIStatsLabels}function n(){!c&&o()?setTimeout(function(){e.invoke()},"500"):e.invoke()}var s=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),a=!(s.indexOf("msie")>-1)||parseInt(s.split("msie")[1],10)>10,c=!1,l="true";if(i.isAllowed("s1"))try{if(o()&&t.getMVTIStatsLabels(function(t){e.addLabels(t),c=!0}),!require.s.contexts._.config.paths.idcta)return void n();require(["idcta/idcta-1"],function(t){t&&"function"==typeof t.getIStatsLabels&&e.addLabels(t.getIStatsLabels()),n()},function(t){throw t})}catch(t){console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&console.log("an exception occurred while adding idcta labels to istats, invoking istats without them",t),n()}});</script> </div><!-- closes .direction --> <script> window.old_onload = window.onload; window.onload = function() { if(window.old_onload) { window.old_onload(); } window.loaded = true; }; </script> <!-- Chartbeat Web Analytics code - start --> <script type="text/javascript"> /** CONFIGURATION START **/ var _sf_async_config = {}; _sf_async_config.uid = "50924"; _sf_async_config.domain = "www.bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.sections = "News, News - special-reports, News - IDX, News - special-reports - IDX, News - unknown"; <!-- if page is an index, add the edition to the path --> _sf_async_config.path = "bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports/?international"; _sf_async_config.title = "BBC News - Special reports - international"; (function() { var noCookies = true; var cookiePrefix = '_chartbeat'; if ("object" === typeof bbccookies && typeof bbccookies.readPolicy == 'function') { noCookies = !bbccookies.readPolicy().performance; } if (noCookies && document.cookie.indexOf(cookiePrefix) !== -1) { //Find and remove cookies whose names begin with '_chartbeat' var cookieSplit = document.cookie.split(';'); var cookieLength = cookieSplit.length; while (cookieLength--) { var cookie = cookieSplit[cookieLength].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ''); var cookieName = cookie.split('=')[0]; if (cookieName.indexOf(cookiePrefix) === 0) { document.cookie = cookieName + '=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/;'; } } } _sf_async_config.noCookies = noCookies; }()); (function() { var cookiePrefix = 'ckpf_sylphid'; _sf_async_config.idSync = _sf_async_config.idSync || {}; if ( "object" === typeof bbccookies && typeof bbccookies.readPolicy == 'function' && bbccookies.readPolicy().performance && document.cookie.indexOf(cookiePrefix) !== -1 ) { var cookieSplit = document.cookie.split(';'); var cookieLength = cookieSplit.length; while (cookieLength--) { var cookie = cookieSplit[cookieLength].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ''); var cookieName = cookie.split('=')[0]; if (cookieName.indexOf(cookiePrefix) === 0) { _sf_async_config.idSync.bbc_hid = cookieSplit[cookieLength].split('=')[1]; break; } } } }()); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; }()); </script> <!-- Chartbeat Web Analytics code - end --> <!-- mpulse start --> <script> (function(){ window.bbcnewsperformance = {}; var perf = window.performance; function firstScrollTimer() { document.removeEventListener('scroll', firstScrollTimer); perf.mark('firstScroll'); perf.measure('scrolltime', 'firstScroll'); var timing = perf.getEntriesByName('scrolltime'); bbcnewsperformance.firstScrollTime = timing[0].startTime; } if (perf && perf.mark && perf.measure) { document.addEventListener('scroll', firstScrollTimer); } var random = Math.random(); var rate = 0.25; var throttle = 0.02; var forceMpulse = window.location.href.match(/force_mpulse/); if (rate && throttle && (random < (rate * throttle)) || forceMpulse) { if(window.BOOMR && window.BOOMR.version){return;} var dom,doc,where,iframe = document.createElement('iframe'),win = window; function boomerangSaveLoadTime(e) { win.BOOMR_onload=(e && e.timeStamp) || new Date().getTime(); } if (win.addEventListener) { win.addEventListener("load", boomerangSaveLoadTime, false); } else if (win.attachEvent) { win.attachEvent("onload", boomerangSaveLoadTime); } iframe.src = "javascript:false"; iframe.title = ""; iframe.role="presentation"; (iframe.frameElement || iframe).style.cssText = "width:0;height:0;border:0;display:none;"; where = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; where.parentNode.insertBefore(iframe, where); try { doc = iframe.contentWindow.document; } catch(e) { dom = document.domain; iframe.src="javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='"+dom+"';void(0);"; doc = iframe.contentWindow.document; } doc.open()._l = function() { var js = this.createElement("script"); if(dom) this.domain = dom; js.id = "boomr-if-as"; js.src = '//web.archive.org/web/20180203021716/http://c.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/' + '86ZLR-T78UG-6FNFN-UVDPZ-VZFWR'; BOOMR_lstart=new Date().getTime(); this.body.appendChild(js); }; doc.write('<body onload="document._l();">'); doc.close(); } })(); </script> <!-- mpulse end --> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 02:17:16 Feb 03, 2018 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 15:34:35 Nov 28, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 1.963 exclusion.robots: 0.027 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.018 esindex: 0.012 cdx.remote: 36.002 LoadShardBlock: 255.784 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 201.671 (7) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 184.945 (2) load_resource: 174.415 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10