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Antacid - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Side effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Side_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties_of_antacids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties_of_antacids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Properties of antacids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Properties_of_antacids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Formulations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formulations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Formulations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liquids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Liquids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tablets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tablets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Tablets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tablets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chewable_tablets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chewable_tablets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Chewable tablets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chewable_tablets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effervescent_tablets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effervescent_tablets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Effervescent tablets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effervescent_tablets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brand_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brand_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Brand names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brand_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Antacid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A9" title="مضاد الحموضة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مضاد الحموضة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="এন্টাসিড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এন্টাসিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C3%A0cid" title="Antiàcid – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiàcid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacida" title="Antacida – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antacida" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyffur_gwrthasid" title="Cyffur gwrthasid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyffur gwrthasid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antazidum" title="Antazidum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antazidum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Αντιόξινα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιόξινα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C3%A1cido" title="Antiácido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antiácido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiazido" title="Antiazido – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antiazido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ضداسید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضداسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiacide" title="Antiacide – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antiacide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%B0%EC%A0%9C" title="제산제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제산제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անտացիդներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտացիդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="प्रत्यम्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रत्यम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacidi" title="Antacidi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antacidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antasida" title="Antasida – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Antasida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiacido" title="Antiacido – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antiacido" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антацид – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антацид" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антацид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антацид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="അന്റാസിഡുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്റാസിഡുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antasid" title="Antasid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Antasid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maagzuurremmer" title="Maagzuurremmer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maagzuurremmer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%85%B8%E8%96%AC" title="制酸薬 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="制酸薬" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antatsid_moddalar" title="Antatsid moddalar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antatsid moddalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C3%A1cido" title="Antiácido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antiácido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiacid" title="Antiacid – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Antiacid" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Антациды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антациды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Antacid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacidum" title="Antacidum – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Antacidum" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antacid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антацид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антацид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antacid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antasidit" title="Antasidit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antasidit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacida" title="Antacida – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antacida" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antasido" title="Antasido – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Antasido" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="அமிலநீக்கி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமிலநீக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" title="ยาลดกรด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยาลดกรด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiasitler" title="Antiasitler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antiasitler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Антациди – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антациди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thu%E1%BB%91c_trung_h%C3%B2a_acid" title="Thuốc trung hòa acid – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thuốc trung hòa acid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E5%89%82" title="抗酸剂 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="抗酸剂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E5%8A%91" title="抗酸劑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="抗酸劑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E9%85%B8%E8%8D%AF" title="抗酸药 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="抗酸药" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q274083#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Antacid" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Substance that relieves stomach problems</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the medication used to relieve heartburn. For the acid produced by ants, known in many languages as "ant acid", see <a href="/wiki/Formic_acid" title="Formic acid">Formic acid</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with acid suppression therapy with <a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">PPIs</a> or <a href="/wiki/H2_receptor_antagonist" title="H2 receptor antagonist">H2RAs</a>, which reduces acid production.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antacid-L478.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antacid-L478.jpg/220px-Antacid-L478.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antacid-L478.jpg/330px-Antacid-L478.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Antacid-L478.jpg/440px-Antacid-L478.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</a> antacid tablets</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>antacid</b> is a substance which <a href="/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)" title="Neutralization (chemistry)">neutralizes</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">stomach acidity</a> and is used to relieve <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigestion" title="Indigestion">indigestion</a>, or an upset stomach.<sup id="cite_ref-Overviewcookie_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overviewcookie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some antacids have been used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30252305_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30252305-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marketed antacids contain <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30252305_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30252305-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some preparations contain a combination of two <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">magnesium carbonate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_hydroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum hydroxide">aluminum hydroxide</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Hydrotalcite" title="Hydrotalcite">hydrotalcite</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antacids are available <a href="/wiki/Over_the_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the counter">over the counter</a> and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a>, the major symptom of <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigestion" title="Indigestion">indigestion</a>. Treatment with antacids alone is <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">symptomatic</a> and only justified for minor symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-AHRQ_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHRQ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alternative uses for antacids include constipation, diarrhea, hyperphosphatemia, and urinary alkalization.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30252305_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30252305-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some antacids are also used as an <a href="/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy" title="Adjuvant therapy">adjunct</a> to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Exocrine_pancreatic_insufficiency" title="Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency">pancreatic insufficiency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-particulate antacids (<a href="/wiki/Trisodium_citrate" title="Trisodium citrate">sodium citrate</a>) increase gastric <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> with little or no effect on gastric volume, and therefore may see some limited use in pre-operative procedures. Sodium citrate should be given within one hour of surgery to be the most effective.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid28045707_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28045707-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects">Side effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Side effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conventional effervescent tablets contain a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> and are associated with increased odds of adverse cardiovascular events according to a 2013 study.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alternative sodium-free formulations containing <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium salts</a> may cause diarrhea, whereas those containing <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminum</a> may cause <a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">constipation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Garg_2022_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garg_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: Table 2">&#58;&#8202;Table 2&#8202;</span></sup> Long-term use of antacids containing <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminum</a> may increase the risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MedlinePlus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedlinePlus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">In vitro</a> studies have found a potential for acid rebound to occur due to antacid overuse, however the significance of this finding has been called into question.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties_of_antacids">Properties of antacids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Properties of antacids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When an excess amount of acid is produced in the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, the natural <a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">mucous barrier</a> that protects the lining of the stomach can degrade, leading to <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irritation" title="Irritation">irritation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is also potential for the development of <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">acid reflux</a>, which can cause pain and damage to the <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Antacids contain <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> ions that <a href="/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)" title="Neutralization (chemistry)">chemically neutralize</a> stomach <a href="/wiki/Gastric_acid" title="Gastric acid">gastric acid</a>, reducing damage to the stomach lining and <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>, and relieving pain.<sup id="cite_ref-Overviewcookie_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overviewcookie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some antacids also inhibit <a href="/wiki/Pepsin" title="Pepsin">pepsin</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> that can damage the <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acid_Reflux" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid Reflux">acid reflux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid30252305_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30252305-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antacids do not directly inhibit acid <a href="/wiki/Secretion" title="Secretion">secretion</a>, and thus are distinct from acid-reducing drugs like <a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H<sub>2</sub>-receptor antagonists</a> or <a href="/wiki/Proton_pump_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton pump inhibitor">proton pump inhibitors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHRQ_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHRQ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Antacids do not kill the bacteria <i><a href="/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori" title="Helicobacter pylori">Helicobacter pylori</a></i>, which causes most <a href="/wiki/Gastric_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric ulcer">ulcers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AHRQ_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHRQ-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antacids are mainly classified into two categories: </p> <ul><li>Systemic (absorbable) antacids: They are <a href="/wiki/Water_soluble" class="mw-redirect" title="Water soluble">water soluble</a> and systemically absorbed and pass into the <a href="/wiki/Bloodstream" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloodstream">bloodstream</a>. e.g. <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">sodium bicarbonate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sodium_citrate" title="Sodium citrate">sodium citrate</a></li> <li>Non-systemic (non-absorbable) antacids: They are <a href="/wiki/Insoluble" class="mw-redirect" title="Insoluble">insoluble</a> and not absorbed into systemic circulation. They only act in the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> e.g. <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">magnesium carbonate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">calcium carbonate</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg/220px-Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg/330px-Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg/440px-Basic_structure_of_tetracycline_chelating_a_metal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>Structural depiction of tetracycline metal chelation, where 'M' is a metal such as those found in antacids</figcaption></figure> <p>Antacids are known to <a href="/wiki/Drug_interaction" title="Drug interaction">interact</a> with several <a href="/wiki/Oral_administration" title="Oral administration">oral medications</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Quinolone_antibiotic" title="Quinolone antibiotic">fluoroquinolone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetracycline" title="Tetracycline">tetracycline</a> <a href="/wiki/Antibiotic" title="Antibiotic">antibiotics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itraconazole" title="Itraconazole">itraconazole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">prednisone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogawa_2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogawa_2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Metal <a href="/wiki/Chelation" title="Chelation">chelation</a> is responsible for some of these interactions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Fluoroquinolones" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoroquinolones">fluoroquinolones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetracyclines" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracyclines">tetracyclines</a>), leading to decreased absorption of the chelated drug. Some interactions may be due to the <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> increase observed in the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> following antacid <a href="/wiki/Ingestion" title="Ingestion">ingestion</a>, leading to increased absorption of weak acids, and decreased absorption of weak bases.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Antacids also cause an increase in <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a> (alkalization), which may cause increased <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> concentrations of weak bases, and increased <a href="/wiki/Excretion" title="Excretion">excretion</a> of weak acids.<sup id="cite_ref-Patel_2020_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patel_2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A proposed method to mitigate the effects of <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> acidity and <a href="/wiki/Chelation" title="Chelation">chelation</a> on drug absorption is to space out the administration of antacids with interacting <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medications</a> by at least two hours,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> however this method has not been well studied for drugs affected by <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine alkalization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogawa_2011_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogawa_2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are concerns regarding interactions between delayed-release tablets and antacids, as antacids may increase the stomach <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> to a point at which the coating of the delayed-release tablet will dissolve, leading to degradation of the drug if it is <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH sensitive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Patel_2020_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Patel_2020-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formulations">Formulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Formulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Antacids may be <a href="/wiki/Formylated" class="mw-redirect" title="Formylated">formulated</a> with other <a href="/wiki/Active_pharmaceutical_ingredient" class="mw-redirect" title="Active pharmaceutical ingredient">active ingredients</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Simethicone" class="mw-redirect" title="Simethicone">simethicone</a> to control <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">gas</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Alginic_acid" title="Alginic acid">alginic acid</a> to act as a physical barrier to acid.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquids">Liquids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Liquids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several liquid antacid preparations are <a href="/wiki/Marketed" class="mw-redirect" title="Marketed">marketed</a>. Common liquid preparations include <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">milk of magnesia</a> and magnesium/aluminum <a href="/wiki/Combination" title="Combination">combinations</a>. A potential advantage of using a liquid preparation over a tablet is that liquids may provide quicker relief, however this may coincide with a shorter duration of action.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tablets">Tablets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Tablets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chewable_tablets">Chewable tablets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Chewable tablets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chewable_tablet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chewable tablet">Chewable</a> tablets are one of the most common forms of antacids, most frequently made from <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a>, and are readily available over the counter. Upon reaching the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>, the powdered antacid salts bind to <a href="/wiki/Hydronium" title="Hydronium">hydronium</a> (H<sup>+</sup>) ions, producing <a href="/wiki/Chloride" title="Chloride">chloride</a> salts, carbon dioxide, and water. This process reduces the concentration of H<sup>+</sup> ions in the stomach, raising the pH and neutralizing the acid.<sup id="cite_ref-Garg_2022_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garg_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: Figure 1">&#58;&#8202;Figure 1&#8202;</span></sup> Common carbonate salts available in tablet form include those of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and sodium.<sup id="cite_ref-Ogawa_2011_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ogawa_2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some common American brands are <a href="/wiki/Tums" title="Tums">Tums</a>, Gaviscon chewable tablets, and <a href="/wiki/Maalox" title="Maalox">Maalox</a> chewable tablets.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Effervescent_tablets">Effervescent tablets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Effervescent tablets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Effervescent tablets are tablets which are designed to dissolve in <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, and then release <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Common ingredients include <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">sodium bicarbonate</a>, which react when in contact with water to produce <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. Effervescent antacids may also contain <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blair_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those containing aspirin may cause further <a href="/wiki/Gastric" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric">gastric</a> irritation and <a href="/wiki/Ulceration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulceration">ulceration</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>'s effects on the <a href="/wiki/Mucus" title="Mucus">mucous</a> membrane of the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brand_names">Brand names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Brand names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a> include <a href="/wiki/Alka-Seltzer" title="Alka-Seltzer">Alka-Seltzer</a>, Gaviscon, <a href="/wiki/Tums" title="Tums">Tums</a>, Gelusil and <a href="/wiki/Eno_(drug)" title="Eno (drug)">Eno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output 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q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=International+Pharmacopoeia+2006&amp;rft.pages=966&amp;rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-92-4-156301-7&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_s_sBKJNf184C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429145428/http://www.alkaseltzer.ie/en/about-alka-seltzer/">"Alka Seltzer Directions of use, Sodium &amp; Aspirin content – Alka Seltzer relief from Headaches, Migraine &amp; Upset stomach"</a>. <i>alkaseltzer.ie</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=alkaseltzer.ie&amp;rft.atitle=Alka+Seltzer+Directions+of+use%2C+Sodium+%26+Aspirin+content+%E2%80%93+Alka+Seltzer+relief+from+Headaches%2C+Migraine+%26+Upset+stomach&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alkaseltzer.ie%2Fen%2Fabout-alka-seltzer%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blair-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blair_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlairDeFraties2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Blair GT, DeFraties JJ (2000). "Hydroxy Dicarboxylic Acids". <i>Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>. <i>Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology</i>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0471238961.0825041802120109.a01">10.1002/0471238961.0825041802120109.a01</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471238966" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471238966"><bdi>978-0471238966</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Kirk-Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&amp;rft.btitle=Kirk+Othmer+Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Technology&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F0471238961.0825041802120109.a01&amp;rft.isbn=978-0471238966&amp;rft.aulast=Blair&amp;rft.aufirst=GT&amp;rft.au=DeFraties%2C+JJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrahamSmith1986" class="citation journal cs1">Graham DY, Smith JL (March 1986). "Aspirin and the stomach". <i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>104</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">390–</span>398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-104-3-390">10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-390</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3511824">3511824</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Aspirin+and+the+stomach&amp;rft.volume=104&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E390-%3C%2Fspan%3E398&amp;rft.date=1986-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-104-3-390&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3511824&amp;rft.aulast=Graham&amp;rft.aufirst=DY&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+JL&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/treating-heartburn-over-counter-medicine">"Which OTC Meds Treat Heartburn?"</a>. <i>WebMD</i>. 30 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=WebMD&amp;rft.atitle=Which+OTC+Meds+Treat+Heartburn%3F&amp;rft.date=2023-03-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fheartburn-gerd%2Ftreating-heartburn-over-counter-medicine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/21528">"Eno – Summary of Product Characteristics at eMC"</a>. <i>Electronic Medicines Compendium</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2016</span>. <q>Last updated 1 January 2016</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Electronic+Medicines+Compendium&amp;rft.atitle=Eno+%E2%80%93+Summary+of+Product+Characteristics+at+eMC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicines.org.uk%2Femc%2Fmedicine%2F21528&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-14836/gelusil-antacid-and-anti-gas-oral/details">"Gelusil - Uses, Side Effects, and More"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gelusil+-+Uses%2C+Side+Effects%2C+and+More&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fdrugs%2F2%2Fdrug-14836%2Fgelusil-antacid-and-anti-gas-oral%2Fdetails&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAntacid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antacid&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/antacid" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:antacid"><i>antacid</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations and complexes<br />of aluminium, calcium and magnesium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagate" title="Almagate">Almagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almasilate" title="Almasilate">Almasilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotalcite" title="Hydrotalcite">Hydrotalcite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaldrate" title="Magaldrate">Magaldrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_chemical_drug_groups_–_based_upon_the_Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System1398" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major chemical drug groups – based upon the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">gastrointestinal tract</a><br />/ <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolism</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A" title="ATC code A">A</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>stomach acid</i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antacids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H2_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2 antagonist">H<sub>2</sub> antagonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-pump_inhibitor" title="Proton-pump inhibitor">Proton-pump inhibitors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiemetic" title="Antiemetic">Antiemetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">Laxatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidiarrhoeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidiarrhoeal">Antidiarrhoeals</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antipropulsive" title="Antipropulsive">Antipropulsives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-obesity_medication" title="Anti-obesity medication">Anti-obesity drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabetes_medication" title="Diabetes medication">Diabetes medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">Dietary minerals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> and blood<br />forming organs (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_B" title="ATC code B">B</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antithrombotic" title="Antithrombotic">Antithrombotics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug" title="Antiplatelet drug">Antiplatelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombolytic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombolytic drug">Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihemorrhagic" title="Antihemorrhagic">Antihemorrhagics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platelet" title="Platelet">Platelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">Coagulants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifibrinolytic" title="Antifibrinolytic">Antifibrinolytics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system">cardiovascular<br />system</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_C" title="ATC code C">C</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>cardiac therapy / <a href="/wiki/Antianginal" title="Antianginal">antianginals</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_glycoside" title="Cardiac glycoside">Cardiac glycosides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiarrhythmic_agent" title="Antiarrhythmic agent">Antiarrhythmics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_stimulant" title="Cardiac stimulant">Cardiac stimulants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihypertensive_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihypertensive drug">Antihypertensives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diuretic" title="Diuretic">Diuretics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasodilation" title="Vasodilation">Vasodilators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">Beta blockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_channel_blocker" title="Calcium channel blocker">Calcium channel blockers</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Renin%E2%80%93angiotensin_system" title="Renin–angiotensin system">renin–angiotensin system</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiotensin II receptor antagonist">Angiotensin II receptor antagonists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renin_inhibitor" title="Renin inhibitor">Renin inhibitors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypolipidemic_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypolipidemic agent">Antihyperlipidemics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statin" title="Statin">Statins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrate" title="Fibrate">Fibrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_sequestrant" title="Bile acid sequestrant">Bile acid sequestrants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D" title="ATC code D">D</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emollient" class="mw-redirect" title="Emollient">Emollients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicatrizant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicatrizant">Cicatrizants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipruritic" title="Antipruritic">Antipruritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipsoriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipsoriatic">Antipsoriatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_D09" title="ATC code D09">Medicated dressings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genitourinary_system" title="Genitourinary system">genitourinary<br />system</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G" title="ATC code G">G</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormonal_contraception" title="Hormonal contraception">Hormonal contraception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_medication" title="Fertility medication">Fertility agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulator">Selective estrogen receptor modulators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex steroid">Sex hormones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine<br />system</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_H" title="ATC code H">H</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothalamic%E2%80%93pituitary_hormone" title="Hypothalamic–pituitary hormone">Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex steroid">Sex hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroid hormone">Thyroid hormones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antithyroid_agent" title="Antithyroid agent">Antithyroid agents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infections</a> and<br /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/infestation" class="extiw" title="wikt:infestation">infestations</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_J" title="ATC code J">J</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_P" title="ATC code P">P</a>, <a href="/wiki/ATCvet_code_QI" title="ATCvet code QI">QI</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimicrobial" title="Antimicrobial">Antimicrobials</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antibacterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibacterial">Antibacterials</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antimycobacterial" title="Antimycobacterial">Antimycobacterials</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifungal_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antifungal drug">Antifungals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Antivirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiparasitic" title="Antiparasitic">Antiparasitics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiprotozoal_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiprotozoal agent">Antiprotozoals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthelmintic" title="Anthelmintic">Anthelmintics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectoparasiticide" title="Ectoparasiticide">Ectoparasiticides</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_immunoglobulin" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous immunoglobulin">Intravenous immunoglobulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">malignant</a> disease<br />(<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L" title="ATC code L">L01–L02</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">Anticancer agents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimetabolite" title="Antimetabolite">Antimetabolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkylating_antineoplastic_agent" title="Alkylating antineoplastic agent">Alkylating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spindle_poison" title="Spindle poison">Spindle poisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antineoplastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineoplastic">Antineoplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoisomerase_inhibitor" title="Topoisomerase inhibitor">Topoisomerase inhibitors</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune</a> disease<br />(<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L" title="ATC code L">L03–L04</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immunomodulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunomodulator">Immunomodulators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immunostimulant" title="Immunostimulant">Immunostimulants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">Immunosuppressants</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joints</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_M" title="ATC code M">M</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">Anti-inflammatories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-steroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease-modifying_antirheumatic_drug" title="Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug">Antirheumatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">Corticosteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_relaxant" title="Muscle relaxant">Muscle relaxants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisphosphonate" title="Bisphosphonate">Bisphosphonates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">brain</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous system</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N" title="ATC code N">N</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">Analgesics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthetic" title="Anesthetic">Anesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_anesthetic" title="Local anesthetic">Local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorectic" title="Anorectic">Anorectics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihyperkinetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihyperkinetic">Anti-ADHD agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Antiaddictives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticonvulsant" title="Anticonvulsant">Anticonvulsants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidementia_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidementia drug">Antidementia agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">Antidepressants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimigraine_drug" title="Antimigraine drug">Antimigraine agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_Parkinson%27s_disease#Medication" title="Management of Parkinson&#39;s disease">Antiparkinson agents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipsychotic" title="Antipsychotic">Antipsychotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anxiolytic" title="Anxiolytic">Anxiolytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisiac" title="Aphrodisiac">Aphrodisiacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depressant" title="Depressant">Depressants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entactogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Entactogen">Entactogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria" title="Euphoria">Euphoriants</a></li> <li><a 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antagonists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">sensory organs</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_S" title="ATC code S">S</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmologicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otology" title="Otology">Otologicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_V" title="ATC code V">V</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antidote" title="Antidote">Antidotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrast_medium" 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portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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