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Modulatsioon (ülekandetehnika) – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_digitaalsignaaliga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_digitaalsignaaliga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine digitaalsignaaliga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_digitaalsignaaliga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impulsijada_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impulsijada_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Impulsijada moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impulsijada_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modulatsioon (ülekandetehnika)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 61 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="تضمين (إلكترونيات) – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تضمين (إلكترونيات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasi" title="Modulasi – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Modulasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemodulatan" title="Pemodulatan – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemodulatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="মড্যুলেশন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মড্যুলেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A0n-ti%C4%81u_(ti%C4%81n-s%C3%ACn)" title="Piàn-tiāu (tiān-sìn) – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piàn-tiāu (tiān-sìn)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мадуляцыя – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мадуляцыя – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Модулация (техника) – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модулация (техника)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaci%C3%B3_(telecomunicacions)" title="Modulació (telecomunicacions) – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Modulació (telecomunicacions)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulace" title="Modulace – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modulace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Modulation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_(Technik)" title="Modulation (Technik) – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modulation (Technik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%86%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Διαμόρφωση σήματος – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαμόρφωση σήματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Modulation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaci%C3%B3n_(telecomunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Modulación (telecomunicación) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Modulación (telecomunicación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulado_(tekniko)" title="Modulado (tekniko) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Modulado (tekniko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulazio" title="Modulazio – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Modulazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="مدوله‌سازی – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدوله‌سازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_du_signal" title="Modulation du signal – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modulation du signal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modhn%C3%BA" title="Modhnú – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Modhnú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%80%EC%A1%B0" title="변조 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="변조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մոդուլում – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոդուլում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="मॉडुलन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉडुलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulazione" title="Modulazione – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modulazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אפנון – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפנון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C4%81cija" title="Modulācija – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Modulācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moduliacija" title="Moduliacija – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Moduliacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_(fizika)" title="Moduláció (fizika) – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Moduláció (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Модулација – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Модулација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifanaraham-peo" title="Fifanaraham-peo – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fifanaraham-peo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മോഡുലനം – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോഡുലനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မော်ဒျူလေးရှင်း – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မော်ဒျူလေးရှင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulatie_(radio)" title="Modulatie (radio) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Modulatie (radio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E8%AA%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="変調方式 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="変調方式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasjon" title="Modulasjon – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Modulasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasjon" title="Modulasjon – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Modulasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_modulyatsiya" title="Signal modulyatsiya – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Signal modulyatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacja" title="Modulacja – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modulacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Modulação – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Modulação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula%C8%9Bie" title="Modulație – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modulație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="මූර්ජනය – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මූර්ජනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C3%A1cia_(elektronika)" title="Modulácia (elektronika) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Modulácia (elektronika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Модулација – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модулација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasi" title="Modulasi – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Modulasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaatio_(elektroniikka)" title="Modulaatio (elektroniikka) – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Modulaatio (elektroniikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Modulation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்பேற்றம் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்பேற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="การกล้ำสัญญาณ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกล้ำสัญญาณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_ch%E1%BA%BF_t%C3%ADn_hi%E1%BB%87u" title="Điều chế tín hiệu – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều chế tín hiệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%BClasyon" title="Modülasyon – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modülasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Модуляція – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модуляція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تحویر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحویر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="调制 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="调制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%88%B6" title="調制 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="調制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><p><b>Modulatsioon</b> (ladina keeles <i>modulatio</i> taktipärasus) tähendab <a href="/wiki/Info-_ja_kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia" title="Info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia">info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogias</a> <a href="/wiki/Informatsioon" title="Informatsioon">info</a> edastamiseks kasutatava <a href="/wiki/Signaal" title="Signaal">signaali</a> ‒ <a href="/wiki/Kandesignaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandesignaal">kandesignaali</a> ‒ mingi parameetri muutmist ülekantava infosignaali muutumise taktis. </p><p>Kandesignaaliks võib olla kas pidev signaal, harilikult katkematu <a href="/wiki/Harmooniline_v%C3%B5nkumine" title="Harmooniline võnkumine">harmooniline võnkumine</a> ehk siinusvõnkumine, või siis mittepidev, s.o katkeline signaal, enamasti kujutatav ristkülikimpulsside jadana. Kandesignaali (moduleeritava signaali) muudetavateks parameetriteks on tema amplituud, sagedus ja <a href="/wiki/Faas" title="Faas">faas</a>, impulsside puhul ka nende laius. Moduleerivaks signaaliks võib olla nii <a href="/wiki/Analoogsignaal" title="Analoogsignaal">analoogsignaal</a> kui ka <a href="/wiki/Digitaalsignaal" title="Digitaalsignaal">digitaalsignaal</a>. </p><p>Signaalide moduleerimise seade on <a href="/wiki/Modulaator" title="Modulaator">modulaator</a>; moduleeritud kandesignaalist eraldab esialgse info <a href="/wiki/Demodulaator" title="Demodulaator">demodulaator</a>. <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">Modem</a> on seade, mis teostab nii moduleerimist kui ka demoduleerimist. Moduleeritud signaalide edastusmeediumiks (-kanaliks, -liiniks) võib olla traat- või kiudoptiliste soontega kaabel või raadiosageduskanal. </p><p>Moduleerimise eesmärk on töödelda infot nii, et seda saaks edastada kiiresti suures mahus ja seejuures võimalikult moonutusvabalt. Seepärast edastatakse info tema algsest sagedusest palju kõrgemal sagedusel, sest siis on edastuskanali läbilaskevõime suurem. Moduleerimine on ka ainus võimalus edastada infot raadiolainete vahendusel. Seda võimalust hakati kasutama juba ligi 100 aastat tagasi ringhäälingusaadete levitamiseks. </p><p>Olenevalt edastatava signaali liigist ja teisendamise eesmärgist on kasutusel mitmesuguseid moduleerimismeetodeid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga"><span id="Siinuselise_kandev.C3.B5nkumise_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga"></span>Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Amfm3-en-de.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif/220px-Amfm3-en-de.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Siinuselise kandevõnkumise amplituudmoduleerimine (AM) ja sagedusmoduleerimine (FM)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplituudmodulatsioon" title="Amplituudmodulatsioon">Amplituudmodulatsioon</a> (lühend AM, <i>amplitude modulation</i>) ‒ kandevõnkumise amplituudi muudetakse vastavalt pideva infosignaali hetkväärtusele; kasutusel ringhäälingusaadete edastamiseks pikk-, kesk- ja lühilainel.</li> <li>Ühe külgriba (SSB, <i>single sideband</i>) modulatsioon ‒ amplituudmodulatsioon, mille puhul kandesageduse ümber tekkivast ülemisest ja alumisest külgribast lõigatakse üks külgriba ära. Näiteks <a href="/wiki/Analoogtelevisioon" title="Analoogtelevisioon">analoogtelevisioonis</a> edastatakse AM-videosignaal nii, et alumine külgriba on peaaegu täielikult ja kandja osaliselt maha surutud.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvadratuurne_amplituudmodulatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvadratuurne amplituudmodulatsioon">Kvadratuurne amplituudmodulatsioon</a> (QAM); kasutusel näiteks analoogvärvitelevisioonis kahe värvussignaali üheaegseks edastamiseks, samuti AM-stereoringhäälingus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagedusmodulatsioon" title="Sagedusmodulatsioon">Sagedusmodulatsioon</a> (FM, <i>frequency modulation</i>) ‒ kandevõnkumise sagedust muudetakse pidevalt vastavalt infosignaali taseme muutusele; kasutusel näiteks <a href="/wiki/Ringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Ringhääling">raadioringhäälingu</a> saadete edastamiseks meeterlainetel ja heli edastamisel <a href="/wiki/Analoogtelevisioon" title="Analoogtelevisioon">analoogtelevisioonis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faasimodulatsioon" title="Faasimodulatsioon">Faasimodulatsioon</a> (PM, <i>phase modulation</i>) ‒ kandevõnkumise faasi muutmine vastavalt edastatava informatiivse signaali hetkväärtusele.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siinuselise_kandevõnkumise_moduleerimine_digitaalsignaaliga"><span id="Siinuselise_kandev.C3.B5nkumise_moduleerimine_digitaalsignaaliga"></span>Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine digitaalsignaaliga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine digitaalsignaaliga&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Siinuselise kandevõnkumise moduleerimine digitaalsignaaliga&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/150px-BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/225px-BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/300px-BPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Binaarfaasmanipulatsioon (BPSK)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/150px-QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/225px-QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg/300px-QPSK_Gray_Coded.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Kvadratuurfaasmanipulatsioon (QPSK)</figcaption></figure> <p>Digitaalsignaaliga siinuselise kandesignaali moduleerimist nimetatakse manipulatsiooniks (inglise keeles <i>keying</i>, mille üks tähendus on morsevõtme käsitsemine ehk manipulatsioon ‒ kontakti avamise-sulgemisega kahendsignaalide edastamine). Kandevõnkumise parameetrit ‒ amplituudi, sagedust või faasi ‒ muudetakse siin hüppeliselt manipulatsiooni taktis. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplituudmanipulatsioon" title="Amplituudmanipulatsioon">Amplituudmanipulatsioon</a> (ASK, <i>amplitude-shift keying</i>) ‒ püsiva sagedusega kandevõnkumise amplituudi muudetakse astmeliselt kahe taseme vahel vastavalt infosignaali väärtustele 0 ja 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagedusmanipulatsioon" title="Sagedusmanipulatsioon">Sagedusmanipulatsioon</a> (FSK, <i>frequency-shift keying</i>) ‒ püsiva amplituudiga kandevõnkumise sagedust muudetakse hüppeliselt kahe sageduse vahel vastavalt infosignaali väärtustele 0 ja 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faasmanipulatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Faasmanipulatsioon">Faasmanipulatsioon</a> (PSK <i>phase-shift keying</i>) ‒ püsiva amplituudiga kandevõnkumise faasi muudetakse hüppeliselt vastavalt infosignaali muutumisele. <ul><li>Binaarfaasmanipulatsioon (BPSK, <i>binary phase-shift keying</i>) ehk 2-PSK ‒ kasutusel on kaks faasinurka, näiteks signaaliväärtusele 0 vastab 0º ja väärtusele 1 faasinihe 180º).</li> <li>Kvadratuurfaasmanipulatsioon (QPSK, <i>quadrature phase-shift keying</i> või <i>quaternary phase shift keying</i>) ehk 4-PSK ‒ kasutusel on neli faasinurka: 45°, 135°, 225° ja 315°; igale faasile vastab siis kahest bitist koosnev sümbol 00, 01, 10, 11. Seega saab korraga edastada kaks korda rohkem infot ja vastavalt suureneb kaks korda ka andmeedastuskiirus.<br />Modulatsioonisüsteemides 8-PSK, 16-PSK, 32-PSK on kasutusel vastavalt 8 faasinurka (sümbol koosneb kolmest bitist), 16 faasinurka (sümbol koosneb neljast bitist) või 32 faasinurka (sümbol koosneb viiest bitist).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amplituud-faasmanipulatsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amplituud-faasmanipulatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Amplituud-faasmanipulatsioon</a> (APSK, <i>amplitude and phase-shift keying</i> või <i>asymmetric phase-shift keying</i>) ‒ amplituudmanipulatsiooni (ASK) ja faasmanipulatsiooni (PSK) kombinatsioon.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:QAM16_Demonstration.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/QAM16_Demonstration.gif" decoding="async" width="290" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Digitaalsignaaliga moduleerimise lõigu näide 16-QAM korral</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvadratuuramplituudmodulatsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvadratuuramplituudmodulatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kvadratuuramplituudmodulatsioon</a> (QAM, <i>quadrature amplitude modulation</i> ‒ siin edastatakse korraga kaks võrdse sagedusega kandesignaali, mis on omavahel 90-kraadises faasinihkes (kvadratuuris). <br /> Kumbagi kandelainet amplituudmoduleeritakse mitmel tasemel. Näiteks modulatsiooni 4-CAM korral saab edastada 4 kahebitist sümbolit (see annab sama tulemuse kui QPSK ehk 4-PSK), 16-QAM korral edastatakse 16 sümbolit (4 bitist), 64-QAM ‒ 64 sümbolit (6 bitist) jne.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impulsijada_moduleerimine_analoogsignaaliga">Impulsijada moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Impulsijada moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Impulsijada moduleerimine analoogsignaaliga&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impulsiamplituudmodulatsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Impulsiamplituudmodulatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Impulsiamplituudmodulatsioon</a> (PAM, <i>pulse amplitude modulation</i>) ‒ moduleeriv analoogsignaal muudab püsiva sagedusega üksteisele järgnevate ühelaiuste impulsside jada amplituudi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulsskoodmodulatsioon" title="Impulsskoodmodulatsioon">Impulsskoodmodulatsioon</a> (PCM, <i>pulse code modulation</i>) ‒ impulsiamplituudmodulatsioon, kui iga impulsi amplituudväärtus väljendatakse kahendkoodis arvuga (näiteks audiosignaali digiteerimisel CD jaoks on koodisõna pikkus 16 bitti). <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferents-impulsskoodmodulatsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferents-impulsskoodmodulatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Diferents-impulsskoodmodulatsioon</a> (DPCM, <i>differential pulse code modulation</i>) ‒ impulsskoodmodulatsioon (PCM), mispuhul salvestusmahu vähendamiseks kodeeritakse iga näiduvõtuväärtuse asemel selle erinevus eelmisest. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deltamodulatsioon" title="Deltamodulatsioon">Deltamodulatsioon</a> (DM, <i>delta modulation</i>, <i>Δ-modulation</i>) ‒ diferents-impulsskoodmodulatsioon (DPCM), mille puhul iga järjestikuse näiduvõtuväärtuse kohta salvestatakse selle erinevus (Δ, delta) 1 biti võrra eelmisest, s.o signaali tugevnemisel 1 ja nõrgenemisel 0. <ul><li>Adaptiivne deltamodulatsioon (ADM, <i>adaptive delta modulation</i>) ‒ digiteeritava analoogsignaali muutumise kiirust arvestava kvantimisastmega deltamodulatsioon.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impulsisagedusmodulatsioon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Impulsisagedusmodulatsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Impulsisagedusmodulatsioon</a> (PFM <i>pulse frequency modulation</i>) ‒ moduleeriv analoogsignaal muudab püsiva amplituudiga impulsside sagedust (impulsside arvu ajaühikus).</li> <li>Impulsifaasmodulatsioon ehk <a href="/wiki/Impulsi_asukoha_modulatsioon" title="Impulsi asukoha modulatsioon">impulsi asukoha modulatsioon</a> (PPM, <i>pulse position modulation</i>) ‒ moduleeriv signaal muudab püsiva amplituudi ja sagedusega impulsside faasi (näiteks signaalipinge suurenemisel impulsside vaheaeg pikeneb).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impulsilaiusmodulatsioon" class="mw-redirect" title="Impulsilaiusmodulatsioon">Impulsilaiusmodulatsioon</a> (PWM, <i>pulse width modulation</i>) ehk impulsikestusmodulatsioon (PDM <i>pulse duration modulation</i>) ‒ moduleeriv signaal muudab püsiva amplituudi ja sagedusega ristkülikimpulsside laiust.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lr.ttu.ee/~ivom/IRO0010_files/1.%20IRO0010%20Modulatsiooni%20m%C3%B5iste,%20AM.pdf">Modulatsiooni mõiste</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-uni.ee/e-kursused/eucip/haldus/521_traadita_side_tehnoloogiad.html">Traadita side tehnoloogiad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diru-beze.de/funksysteme/skripte/DiFuSy_S06/DiFuSy_Mod_SS06.pdf">Digitale Modulationsverfahren</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐cpj7c Cached time: 20241123211659 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.019 seconds Real time usage: 0.030 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 48/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:idhash:303569-0!canonical and timestamp 20241123211659 and revision id 6634674. 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