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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grundlæggende_modulationsarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grundlæggende_modulationsarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grundlæggende modulationsarter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grundlæggende_modulationsarter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Grundlæggende modulationsarter</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grundlæggende_modulationsarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Approksimeret_diskrete_modulationsarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approksimeret_diskrete_modulationsarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Approksimeret diskrete modulationsarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approksimeret_diskrete_modulationsarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varianter_af_modulationsarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varianter_af_modulationsarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Varianter af modulationsarter</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varianter_af_modulationsarter-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Varianter af modulationsarter</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varianter_af_modulationsarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Approksimeret_diskrete_varianter_af_modulationsarter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approksimeret_diskrete_varianter_af_modulationsarter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Approksimeret diskrete varianter af modulationsarter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approksimeret_diskrete_varianter_af_modulationsarter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Andre_modulationsteknikker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andre_modulationsteknikker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Andre modulationsteknikker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andre_modulationsteknikker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modulation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 61 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="تضمين (إلكترونيات) – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تضمين (إلكترونيات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мадуляцыя – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Мадуляцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мадуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Модулация (техника) – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Модулация (техника)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="মড্যুলেশন – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মড্যুলেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaci%C3%B3_(telecomunicacions)" title="Modulació (telecomunicacions) – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Modulació (telecomunicacions)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulace" title="Modulace – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Modulace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_(Technik)" title="Modulation (Technik) – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Modulation (Technik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%86%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%83%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Διαμόρφωση σήματος – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαμόρφωση σήματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Modulation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulado_(tekniko)" title="Modulado (tekniko) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Modulado (tekniko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaci%C3%B3n_(telecomunicaci%C3%B3n)" title="Modulación (telecomunicación) – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Modulación (telecomunicación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulatsioon_(%C3%BClekandetehnika)" title="Modulatsioon (ülekandetehnika) – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Modulatsioon (ülekandetehnika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulazio" title="Modulazio – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Modulazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="مدوله‌سازی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدوله‌سازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulaatio_(elektroniikka)" title="Modulaatio (elektroniikka) – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Modulaatio (elektroniikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation_du_signal" title="Modulation du signal – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Modulation du signal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modhn%C3%BA" title="Modhnú – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Modhnú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אפנון – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפנון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="मॉडुलन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉडुलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C3%A1ci%C3%B3_(fizika)" title="Moduláció (fizika) – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Moduláció (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մոդուլում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոդուլում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasi" title="Modulasi – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Modulasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulazione" title="Modulazione – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Modulazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E8%AA%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="変調方式 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="変調方式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%80%EC%A1%B0" title="변조 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="변조" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moduliacija" title="Moduliacija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Moduliacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C4%81cija" title="Modulācija – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Modulācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifanaraham-peo" title="Fifanaraham-peo – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fifanaraham-peo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Модулација – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Модулација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="മോഡുലനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മോഡുലനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemodulatan" title="Pemodulatan – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemodulatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မော်ဒျူလေးရှင်း – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မော်ဒျူလေးရှင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulatie_(radio)" title="Modulatie (radio) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Modulatie (radio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasjon" title="Modulasjon – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Modulasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasjon" title="Modulasjon – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Modulasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacja" title="Modulacja – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Modulacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Modulação – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Modulação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula%C8%9Bie" title="Modulație – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Modulație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Модуляция – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Модуляция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="මූර්ජනය – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මූර්ජනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul%C3%A1cia_(elektronika)" title="Modulácia (elektronika) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Modulácia (elektronika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulacija" title="Modulacija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Modulacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Модулација – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Модулација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulasi" title="Modulasi – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Modulasi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Modulation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்பேற்றம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்பேற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93" title="การกล้ำสัญญาณ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การกล้ำสัญญาณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%BClasyon" title="Modülasyon – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Modülasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Модуляція – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Модуляція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="تحویر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحویر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_modulyatsiya" title="Signal modulyatsiya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Signal modulyatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_ch%E1%BA%BF_t%C3%ADn_hi%E1%BB%87u" title="Điều chế tín hiệu – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều chế tín hiệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6" title="调制 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="调制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="調變 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="調變" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A0n-ti%C4%81u_(ti%C4%81n-s%C3%ACn)" title="Piàn-tiāu (tiān-sìn) – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piàn-tiāu (tiān-sìn)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E5%88%B6" title="調制 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="調制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170474#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden (ikke skrevet endnu) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modulation"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Modulation"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Modulation" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Modulation" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&oldid=11665384" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Modulation&id=11665384&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModulation"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FModulation"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Modulation"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Modulation&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Modulation" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170474" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basisb%C3%A5nd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basisbånd (ikke skrevet endnu)">Basisbånd</a> (inkl. <a href="/wiki/UWB" title="UWB">UWB</a>) hører ikke under modulation og behandles derfor i separate artikler</i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Amfm3-en-de.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif/220px-Amfm3-en-de.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Amfm3-en-de.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Øverst - <a href="/wiki/Lavfrekvens_(3_Hz_-_30_kHz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavfrekvens (3 Hz - 30 kHz)">lavfrekvens</a> modulationssignal.<br />Midt - amplitudemodulation.<br />Nederst - frekvensmodulation.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Modulation</b> er mange forskellige teknikker til <a href="/wiki/Kodning" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodning">kodning</a> af <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> på en <i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A6reb%C3%B8lge" title="Bærebølge">bærebølge</a></i>, typisk et <a href="/wiki/Sinusformet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinusformet">sinusformet</a> bølge-signal. Bærebølgen bliver almindeligvis valgt med en frekvens mellem 300 kHz og 50 GHz – se <a href="/wiki/Frekvensb%C3%A5nd" title="Frekvensbånd">frekvensbånd</a>. </p><p>Modulation bliver i udpræget grad anvendt på <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrisk signal">elektriske signaler</a>, som sendes gennem <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_kabel" title="Elektrisk kabel">kabler</a> – eller via <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetisk_b%C3%B8lge" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektromagnetisk bølge">elektromagnetiske bølger</a>; <a href="/wiki/Radiob%C3%B8lger" title="Radiobølger">radiobølger</a> via en <a href="/wiki/Radioantenne" title="Radioantenne">radioantenne</a> eller via frekvenser højere end radiobølger; <a href="/wiki/Infrar%C3%B8d" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarød">infrarød</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lys" title="Lys">lys</a> osv., hvor signalerne bliver sendt trådløst over kortere (TV/stereoanlæggets <a href="/wiki/Fjernbetjening" title="Fjernbetjening">fjernbetjening</a>) eller længere afstande (fx til/fra <a href="/wiki/Satellit" title="Satellit">satellitter</a>), <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lysleder" title="Lysleder">lysleder</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lygte" class="mw-redirect" title="Lygte">lygte</a> med blænde eller kontakt. </p><p>Modulation bliver også anvendt til f.eks. akustiske signaler (f.eks. <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5dsmandspibe" title="Bådsmandspibe">bådsmandspibe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musikinstrument" title="Musikinstrument">musikinstrument</a>) og selvfølgelig <a href="/wiki/Dyrestemme" title="Dyrestemme">dyrestemmer</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98re" title="Øre">øre</a>. </p><p>En <b>modulator</b> er en anordning, som udfører modulation hos afsenderen og en <a href="/wiki/Demodulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Demodulator">demodulator</a> anvendes til at afkode bærebølgens information hos <a href="/wiki/Radiomodtager" title="Radiomodtager">modtageren</a>. En enhed, som både kan modulere og demodulere, kaldes et <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a>. (Modulation er det omvendte af <a href="/wiki/Demodulation" title="Demodulation">demodulation</a>.) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundlæggende_modulationsarter"><span id="Grundl.C3.A6ggende_modulationsarter"></span>Grundlæggende modulationsarter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Grundlæggende modulationsarter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Grundlæggende modulationsarter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Der er nogle grundlæggende modulationsarter, som alle kan <a href="/wiki/Modelleres" class="mw-redirect" title="Modelleres">modelleres</a> via de <a href="/wiki/Trigonometriske_funktioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonometriske funktioner">trigonometriske funktioner</a> sinus og cosinus, da de <i>er</i> den valgte bærebølgen. Den eneste forskel mellem sinus og cosinus er en fast faseforskel – på <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \pi /2}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \pi /2}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b44e3d874a0b229fded7ffce67a0677dd5b8b67" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.657ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \pi /2}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radianer</a> eller <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 90}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>90</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 90}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8bda6ec8d2b197921d42d52bd57b265cf2c7b392" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.325ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 90}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Grad_(vinkelm%C3%A5l)" title="Grad (vinkelmål)">grader</a>. </p><p>I praksis anvendes cosinus, da man mange gange med fordel modellerer bærebølgen og modulationsignalet som <a href="/wiki/Komplekse_funktioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Komplekse funktioner">komplekse funktioner</a> og her svarer cosinus-delen til den <a href="/wiki/Reelle_tal" title="Reelle tal">reelle</a> del af den komplekse funktion. </p><p>Den grundlæggende bærebølge skrives f.eks. som: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)=(A_{DC}+A)*\cos(2*\pi *f*t+\theta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>π</mi> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>θ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)=(A_{DC}+A)*\cos(2*\pi *f*t+\theta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fc6a5442413e0005b42113a4b4d3638351dcc29d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.247ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)=(A_{DC}+A)*\cos(2*\pi *f*t+\theta )}"></span></li></ul> <p>hvor: </p> <ul><li>cos er cosinusfunktionen beregnet af <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radianer</a></li> <li>t er tiden i sekunder</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A_{DC}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>D</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A_{DC}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec9435e14871fd9d346d3e63e5511ccf32209f00" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.585ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A_{DC}}"></span> er den "rå" bærebølgeamplitude (uden AM-modulation) – Den kan være nul – eller f.eks. 1 ved amplitudemodulation. Den er 1, når frekvensmodulation og fasemodulation benyttes.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> er <a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitudemodulationssignalet</a> som f.eks. kan variere mellem -1 og +1.</li> <li>f er <a href="/wiki/Frekvens" title="Frekvens">frekvensen</a> i Hertz</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e5ab2664b422d53eb0c7df3b87e1360d75ad9af" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta }"></span> er fasen i radianer</li></ul> <p>Hvis cosinusfunktionen skal beregnes af <a href="/wiki/Grad_(vinkelm%C3%A5l)" title="Grad (vinkelmål)">grader</a>, skal formlens <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2*\pi }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> <mi>π</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2*\pi }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/411827c597c66620f383d5c3427996f825b344e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.689ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2*\pi }"></span> erstattes med 360 – og fasen skal i stedet isættes i grader. </p><p>Modulationssignalet (samme som modulationsfunktionen) skal være <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A5ndbredde" class="mw-disambig" title="Båndbredde">båndbreddebegrænset</a> til den selvvalgte <a href="/wiki/Radiokanal" title="Radiokanal">radiokanal</a>. Det at modulationsfunktionen er båndbreddebegrænset garanterer matematisk for, at modulationsfunktionen er en <a href="/wiki/Kontinuert_funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontinuert funktion">kontinuert funktion</a>. </p><p>De grundlæggende modulationsarter er: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplitudemodulation" title="Amplitudemodulation">Amplitudemodulation</a> (AM) – her varieres A(med DC) i den grundlæggende bærebølge – (Anvendes primært på de offentlige bånd: <a href="/wiki/Langb%C3%B8lgeb%C3%A5ndet" title="Langbølgebåndet">Langbølgebåndet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mellemb%C3%B8lgeb%C3%A5ndet" title="Mellembølgebåndet">Mellembølgebåndet</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kortb%C3%B8lgeb%C3%A5ndet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kortbølgebåndet">Kortbølgebåndet</a>. I <a href="/wiki/VHF" title="VHF">VHF</a>- og <a href="/wiki/UHF" title="UHF">UHF</a>-området anvendes AM til maritim kommunikation samt til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flykommunikation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flykommunikation (ikke skrevet endnu)">flykommunikation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasemodulation" title="Fasemodulation">Fasemodulation</a> (PM) – her varieres <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \theta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>θ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \theta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e5ab2664b422d53eb0c7df3b87e1360d75ad9af" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.09ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \theta }"></span> i den grundlæggende bærebølge – (Er kompatibelt med FM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frekvensmodulation" title="Frekvensmodulation">Frekvensmodulation</a> (FM) – her varieres f i den grundlæggende bærebølge – (Anvendes primært på de offentlige bånd i: <a href="/wiki/FM-b%C3%A5ndet" class="mw-redirect" title="FM-båndet">FM-båndet</a>, <a href="/wiki/VHF" title="VHF">VHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/UHF" title="UHF">UHF</a> og <a href="/wiki/SHF_(elektromagnetiske_spektrum)" title="SHF (elektromagnetiske spektrum)">SHF</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approksimeret_diskrete_modulationsarter">Approksimeret diskrete modulationsarter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Approksimeret diskrete modulationsarter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Approksimeret diskrete modulationsarter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hvis formålet med modulationsfunktionen er at blive fortolket <a href="/wiki/Diskret_(matematik)" title="Diskret (matematik)">matematisk diskret</a> (inkl. <a href="/wiki/Digitalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitalt">digitalt</a>) i modtagerenden, kan man f.eks. benytte en båndbreddebegrænset <a href="/wiki/Heaviside_trinfunktion" title="Heaviside trinfunktion">Heaviside trinfunktion</a> (skift), <a href="/wiki/Diracs_deltafunktion" title="Diracs deltafunktion">Diracs deltafunktion</a> (puls ca.= "skift-op" og "skift-ned"), <a href="/wiki/Wavelet-funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wavelet-funktion">Wavelet-funktion</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Skalerings-funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Skalerings-funktion">skalerings-funktion</a> som modulation. </p><p>Når et signal anvendes som et simpelt lavhastigheds on-off indikation som i <a href="/wiki/Morsekode" class="mw-redirect" title="Morsekode">morsekode</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radioteletype&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioteletype (ikke skrevet endnu)">radioteletype</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=RTTY&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTTY (ikke skrevet endnu)">RTTY</a>) transmissioner bliver modulationen ofte benævnt 'keying' – dansk skift. </p><p>Diskrete modulationsformer – stadig analog modulation, men som skal fortolkes diskret/digitalt i modtagerenden: </p> <ul><li>Frekvensmodulationbaseret: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frequency-shift_keying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frequency-shift keying (ikke skrevet endnu)">Frequency-shift keying</a> (FSK)</li> <li>Fasemodulationbaseret: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phase-shift_keying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phase-shift keying (ikke skrevet endnu)">Phase-shift keying</a> (PSK)</li> <li>Amplitudemodulationbaseret: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amplitude-shift_keying&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amplitude-shift keying (ikke skrevet endnu)">Amplitude-shift keying</a> (ASK)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varianter_af_modulationsarter">Varianter af modulationsarter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Varianter af modulationsarter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Varianter af modulationsarter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amplitudemodulation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enkelt-sideb%C3%A5ndsmodulation" title="Enkelt-sidebåndsmodulation">Enkelt-sidebåndsmodulation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enkelt-sideb%C3%A5ndsmodulation" title="Enkelt-sidebåndsmodulation">ESB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enkelt-sideb%C3%A5ndsmodulation" title="Enkelt-sidebåndsmodulation">SSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/LSB_(modulation)" class="mw-redirect" title="LSB (modulation)">LSB</a>, <a href="/wiki/USB_(modulation)" class="mw-redirect" title="USB (modulation)">USB</a>) – kompleks bærebølge og ét komplekst modulationssignal (reel(med eller uden DC) eller imaginær) ganges matematisk komplekst sammen – er modulationssignalet uden DC, kaldes modulationen med tillægget "med undertrykt bærebølge" – (Anvendes primært på det offentlige bånd: <a href="/wiki/Kortb%C3%B8lgeb%C3%A5ndet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kortbølgebåndet">Kortbølgebåndet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobbelt-sideb%C3%A5ndsmodulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobbelt-sidebåndsmodulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">Dobbelt-sidebåndsmodulation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ISB_(modulation)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISB (modulation) (ikke skrevet endnu)">ISB</a>) – bærebølge og modulationssignal (med eller uden DC) ganges matematisk sammen – er modulationssignalet uden DC, kaldes modulationen med tillægget "med undertrykt bærebølge" – (Anvendes som SSB, men i mere specielle tilfælde, bl.a. med samsending af LF og data)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvadratur_amplitude_modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvadratur amplitude modulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kvadratur amplitude modulation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=QAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="QAM (ikke skrevet endnu)">QAM</a>) – kompleks bærebølge og to kompleks modulationssignaler med hver deres rotationsretning (der lægges muligvis DC på til den reelle del) og imaginær) ganges matematisk komplekst sammen – (Anvendes primært i <a href="/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Subscriber Line">DSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">modem</a> og i de enkelte kanaler i OFDM og COFDM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestigial-sideband_modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestigial-sideband modulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">Vestigial-sideband modulation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB (ikke skrevet endnu)">VSB</a>, or <a href="/w/index.php?title=VSB-AM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VSB-AM (ikke skrevet endnu)">VSB-AM</a>) – er standard amplitudemodulation, som er specielt filtreret – (Anvendtes på de offentlige TV-bånd i Danmark indtil <a href="/wiki/DTT_(fjernsyn)#Danske_forhold" title="DTT (fjernsyn)">1. november 2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/TV_via_VHF_b%C3%A5nd_I" class="mw-redirect" title="TV via VHF bånd I">TV via VHF bånd I</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_via_VHF_b%C3%A5nd_III" class="mw-redirect" title="TV via VHF bånd III">TV via VHF bånd III</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_via_UHF_b%C3%A5nd_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="TV via UHF bånd IV">TV via UHF bånd IV</a> og <a href="/wiki/TV_via_UHF_b%C3%A5nd_V" class="mw-redirect" title="TV via UHF bånd V">TV via UHF bånd V</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approksimeret_diskrete_varianter_af_modulationsarter">Approksimeret diskrete varianter af modulationsarter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Approksimeret diskrete varianter af modulationsarter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Approksimeret diskrete varianter af modulationsarter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amplitudeskiftmodulation-baseret (ASK) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puls-kode_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Puls-kode modulation">Puls-kode modulation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pulse_Code_Modulation" title="Pulse Code Modulation">PCM</a>) <ul><li>RTTY kan også anses som at være en simpel form af puls-kode modulation.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puls-bredde_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Puls-bredde modulation">Puls-bredde modulation</a> (<a href="/wiki/PWM" class="mw-redirect" title="PWM">PWM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puls-amplitude_modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puls-amplitude modulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">Puls-amplitude modulation</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulse_amplitude_modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulse amplitude modulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">PAM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puls-position_modulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puls-position modulation (ikke skrevet endnu)">Puls-position modulation</a> (PPM)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskret_QAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskret QAM (ikke skrevet endnu)">Diskret QAM</a></li></ul> <p>Når <a href="/wiki/Morsekode" class="mw-redirect" title="Morsekode">morsekode</a> bliver anvendt til at tænde og slukke en bærebølge bliver 'amplitude keying' ikke anvendt som benævnelse, men derimod 'continuous wave' (<a href="/wiki/Continuous_wave_(bin%C3%A6r_modulationsform)" title="Continuous wave (binær modulationsform)">CW</a>) selvom det også fint kan kaldes ASK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andre_modulationsteknikker">Andre modulationsteknikker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Andre modulationsteknikker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Andre modulationsteknikker"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yderligere modulationteknikker omfatter: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency_division_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthogonal frequency division modulation">Orthogonal frequency division modulation</a> (<a href="/wiki/OFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="OFDM">OFDM</a>), kaldes også '<a href="/wiki/Diskret_multitone_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskret multitone modulation">Diskret multitone modulation</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Diskret_multitone_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskret multitone modulation">DMT</a>) (Anvendes primært i trådløse <a href="/wiki/Datanet" title="Datanet">datanet</a>: <a href="/wiki/WPAN" title="WPAN">WPAN</a> og <a href="/wiki/WLAN" title="WLAN">WLAN</a> – og <a href="/wiki/ADSL" class="mw-redirect" title="ADSL">ADSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio_mondiale" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital radio mondiale">DRM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a> og <a href="/wiki/DVB" class="mw-redirect" title="DVB">DVB</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet-OFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="Wavelet-OFDM">Wavelet-OFDM</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wavelet-modulation" title="Wavelet-modulation">Wavelet-modulation</a> kan benyttes med OFDM og kaldes så Wavelet-OFDM.</li></ul> <p>Når OFDM bliver anvendt i kombination med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanalkodning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanalkodning (ikke skrevet endnu)">kanalkodningsteknikker</a>, bliver det beskrevet som '<a href="/wiki/Coded_orthogonal_frequency_division_modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coded orthogonal frequency division modulation">Coded orthogonal frequency division modulation</a>' (<a href="/wiki/COFDM" class="mw-redirect" title="COFDM">COFDM</a>). (Anvendes primært i <a href="/wiki/Digitale_radiosystemer" class="mw-redirect" title="Digitale radiosystemer">digitale radiosystemer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">Digital Radio Mondiale</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eureka_147_DAB_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Eureka 147 DAB System">Eureka 147 DAB System</a>) </p><p>Modulation bliver ofte anvendt sammen med forskellige (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Channel_access_method&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Channel access method (ikke skrevet endnu)">channel access method</a>?). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Se også"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UWB" title="UWB">UWB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommunikationskanal" title="Kommunikationskanal">Kommunikationskanal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanalkodning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanalkodning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kanalkodning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telekommunikation" title="Telekommunikation">Telekommunikation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HF-modulator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HF-modulator (ikke skrevet endnu)">HF-modulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec" title="Codec">Codec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiofoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiofoni">Radiofoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokommunikation" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiokommunikation">Radiokommunikation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring-modulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring-modulator">Ring-modulator</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modulation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px; height:67px;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Forside" class="extiw" title="commons:Forside">Wikimedia Commons</a> har medier relateret til: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"> <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_modulation_modes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Radio modulation modes">Modulation</a></b></i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.aue.auc.dk/~yang/course/modulation02.htm">Zhenyu Yang: Modulation Theory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030826214548/http://www.cs.aue.auc.dk/~yang/course/modulation02.htm">Arkiveret</a> 26. august 2003 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gl.rummet.dk/3260029/GSID/862708">Rummet.dk: Telekommunikation / Teknik – Godt at vide</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikler_med_d%C3%B8de_eksterne_henvisninger" title="Wikipedia:Artikler med døde eksterne henvisninger">Webside ikke længere tilgængelig</a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11759279">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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