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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">波蘭第二共和國</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有59種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Poolse_Republiek" title="Tweede Poolse Republiek – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tweede Poolse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمهورية البولندية الثانية – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمهورية البولندية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Polaca" title="Segunda República Polaca – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda República Polaca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C5%9Fa_Respublikas%C4%B1_(1918-1939)" title="Polşa Respublikası (1918-1939) – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polşa Respublikası (1918-1939)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C_(%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B1%DB%B8-%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B3%DB%B9)" title="لهیستان جومهوریتی (۱۹۱۸-۱۹۳۹) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لهیستان جومهوریتی (۱۹۱۸-۱۹۳۹)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(1918%E2%80%941939)" title="Польская Рэспубліка (1918—1939) – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Польская Рэспубліка (1918—1939)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(1918%E2%80%941939)" title="Польская Рэспубліка (1918—1939) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Польская Рэспубліка (1918—1939)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Втора полска република – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Втора полска република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="দ্বিতীয় পোলিশ প্রজাতন্ত্র – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্বিতীয় পোলিশ প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_Republik_Polonia" title="Eil Republik Polonia – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil Republik Polonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_Rep%C3%BAblica_Polonesa" title="Segona República Polonesa – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona República Polonesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_Polsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Druhá Polská republika – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá Polská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anden_polske_republik" title="Anden polske republik – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anden polske republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Polnische_Republik" title="Zweite Polnische Republik – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Polnische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δεύτερη Πολωνική Δημοκρατία – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεύτερη Πολωνική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Second Polish Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Pola_Respubliko" title="Dua Pola Respubliko – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua Pola Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_polaca" title="Segunda República polaca – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda República polaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Rzeczpospolita" title="II Rzeczpospolita – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="II Rzeczpospolita" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniako_Bigarren_Errepublika" title="Poloniako Bigarren Errepublika – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Poloniako Bigarren Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جمهوری دوم لهستان – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری دوم لهستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puolan_toinen_tasavalta" title="Puolan toinen tasavalta – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puolan toinen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(Pologne)" title="Deuxième République (Pologne) – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième République (Pologne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobblaght_y_Pholynn_(1918%E2%80%931939)" title="Pobblaght y Pholynn (1918–1939) – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pobblaght y Pholynn (1918–1939)" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="הרפובליקה הפולנית השנייה – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הפולנית השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Poljska_Republika" title="Druga Poljska Republika – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Druga Poljska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1sodik_Lengyel_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Második Lengyel Köztársaság – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Második Lengyel Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Լեհաստանի երկրորդ հանրապետություն – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեհաստանի երկրորդ հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Polandia_Kedua" title="Republik Polandia Kedua – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Polandia Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Repubblica_di_Polonia" title="Seconda Repubblica di Polonia – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda Repubblica di Polonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="ポーランド第二共和国 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポーランド第二共和国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="პოლონეთის მეორე რესპუბლიკა – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონეთის მეორე რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EC%A0%9C2%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="폴란드 제2공화국 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드 제2공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antroji_Lenkijos_Respublika" title="Antroji Lenkijos Respublika – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antroji Lenkijos Respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polijas_Otr%C4%81_republika" title="Polijas Otrā republika – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polijas Otrā republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Втора Полска Република – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора Полска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Poland_Kedua" title="Republik Poland Kedua – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Poland Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Poolse_Republiek" title="Tweede Poolse Republiek – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Poolse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_andre_polske_republikken" title="Den andre polske republikken – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den andre polske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_polske_republikk" title="Andre polske republikk – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre polske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Rzeczpospolita" title="II Rzeczpospolita – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II Rzeczpospolita" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89_%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="د پولنډ دویم جمهوریت – 普什圖文" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د پولنډ دویم جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什圖文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Polonesa" title="Segunda República Polonesa – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda República Polonesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Doua_Republic%C4%83_Polonez%C4%83" title="A Doua Republică Poloneză – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A Doua Republică Poloneză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(1918%E2%80%941939)" title="Польская Республика (1918—1939) – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Польская Республика (1918—1939)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%A3%D1%87%D1%8C_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_II." title="Рѣчь Посполита II. – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рѣчь Посполита II." data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%B9blica_de_Pol%C3%B2nia" title="Segunda Repùblica de Polònia – 撒丁文" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Segunda Repùblica de Polònia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="撒丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Poljska_Republika" title="Druga Poljska Republika – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Druga Poljska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Second Polish Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_po%C4%BEsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Druhá poľská republika – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druhá poľská republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Друга пољска република – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друга пољска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_polska_republiken" title="Andra polska republiken – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra polska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="สาธารณรัฐโปแลนด์ที่ 2 – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐโปแลนด์ที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Polonya_Cumhuriyeti" title="İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkinci Polonya Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0_%D2%96%D3%A9%D0%BC%D2%BB%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5_(1918%E2%80%941939)" title="Польша Җөмһүрияте (1918—1939) – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Польша Җөмһүрияте (1918—1939)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_(1918%E2%80%941939)" title="Польська Республіка (1918—1939) – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Польська Республіка (1918—1939)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Rep%C3%B9blega_de_Po%C5%82%C3%B2nia" title="Seconda Repùblega de Połònia – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Seconda Repùblega de Połònia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_Nh%E1%BB%8B_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Ba_Lan" title="Đệ Nhị Cộng hòa Ba Lan – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đệ Nhị Cộng hòa Ba Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="波兰第二共和国 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波兰第二共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BA%A7%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地理座標系統">座標</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121067">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&params=52_13_48_N_21_00_40_E_region:PL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°13′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°00′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.23000°N 21.01111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.23000; 21.01111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">波蘭第二共和國</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文">波蘭文</a>：<span lang="pl" title="波蘭文文字">II Rzeczpospolita Polska</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">1918–1939</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931980).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of 波蘭第二共和國"><img alt="Flag of 波蘭第二共和國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div>旗</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_(1928%E2%80%931939).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="波蘭第二共和國嘅紋章"><img alt="波蘭第二共和國嘅紋章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3045" data-file-height="3807" /></a></span></div> <div>紋章</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="text-align:center;"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>國歌：</b><span lang="pl" title="波蘭文文字">Mazurek Dąbrowskiego</span> (1927–1939)<br />“波蘭仲未滅亡”<br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="163" data-mwtitle="Mazurek_Dąbrowskiego_(1939;_instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego_%281939%3B_instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego_%281939%3B_instrumental%29.ogg/Mazurek_D%C4%85browskiego_%281939%3B_instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_1930.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1930年嘅波蘭國土"><img alt="1930年嘅波蘭國土" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Poland_1930.svg/250px-Poland_1930.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Poland_1930.svg/375px-Poland_1930.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Poland_1930.svg/500px-Poland_1930.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">1930年嘅波蘭國土</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">首都<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">同最大城市</div></th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99" title="華沙">華沙</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121067">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&params=52_13_48_N_21_00_40_E_region:PL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°13′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°00′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.23000°N 21.01111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.23000; 21.01111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">語言</th><td style=""><b>官方：</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文">波蘭文</a><hr /><b>受承認：</b><br /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" title="德文">德文</a> (自從1920年)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87" title="白俄羅斯文">白俄羅斯文</a><sup id="cite_ref-reglang_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reglang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%96%87" title="立陶宛文">立陶宛文</a><sup id="cite_ref-reglang_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reglang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="烏克蘭文">烏克蘭文</a><sup id="cite_ref-reglang_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reglang-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">宗教<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td style=""><b>多數：</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬天主教">羅馬天主教</a><hr /><b>少數：</b><br /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>11.8% <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教</a> <ul><li>10.5% <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="東儀天主教">東儀天主教</a></li> <li>9.8% <a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="猶太教">猶太教</a></li> <li>2.6% <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li>0.5% 其他<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></li> <li>0.02% 其他</li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style="">總統</th><td style=""> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1918–1922 </div></th><td style="">Józef Piłsudski</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1922 </div></th><td style="">Gabriel Narutowicz</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1922–1926 </div></th><td style="">Stanisław Wojciechowski</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1926–1939 </div></th><td style="">Ignacy Mościcki</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;;">成立</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">歷史時期</th><td style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%96%93%E6%9C%9F" title="戰間期">戰間期</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="一次大戰">一次大戰</a>打完 </div></th><td style="">1918年11月11號</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%BD%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾賽條約">凡爾賽條約</a>》 </div></th><td style="">1919年6月28號</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 《里加條約》 </div></th><td style="">1921年3月18號</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">波蘭戰役</a> </div></th><td style="">1939年9月1號</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 完全佔領 </div></th><td style="">1939年10月6號</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;;">面積</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 總計</div></th><td style="">388,634 km<sup>2</sup>（150,052 sq mi）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;;">人口</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1921 </div></th><td style="">25,694,700<sup id="cite_ref-gus1921_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gus1921-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1931 </div></th><td style="">31,915,779<sup id="cite_ref-Polish_Census_1931_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polish_Census_1931-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">貨幣</th><td style="">Marka (1924年之前)<br />Złoty (1924年之後)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>前任國</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>繼承國</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/20px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/30px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg/40px-Ensign_of_Austro-Hungarian_civil_fleet_%281869-1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936%E2%80%931955%2C_gold_star%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭地下國 (無呢版)">波蘭地下國</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/20px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/30px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/40px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="">而家屬於</th><td style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭">波蘭</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">∗由於唔同嘅排名表計法未必一樣，上面嘅排名（第幾名/位）同個一覽表入面個排名未必一樣。<br />∗IMF網站嘅人均GDP數字，同用GDP除以上面人口數得出嚟嘅數有可能唔一樣。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>波蘭第二共和國</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文">波蘭文</a>：<span lang="pl" title="波蘭文文字">II Rzeczpospolita Polska</span> )，又可以就咁叫<b>波蘭共和國</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="波蘭文">波蘭文</a>：<span lang="pl" title="波蘭文文字">Rzeczpospolita Polska</span> ) 係一個位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%90" title="東歐">東歐</a>嘅國家，由1918至到1939年期間掌權。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺1795年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E5%A3%AB" title="普魯士">普魯士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="俄羅斯帝國">俄羅斯帝國</a>、同埋<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="奧地利帝國">奧地利帝國</a>一齊第三次<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">瓜分波蘭</a>，波蘭完全滅國。到喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="一次大戰">一次大戰</a>之後，呢3個帝國都全部滅亡，波蘭喺《<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%BD%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾賽條約">凡爾賽條約</a>》成功復國。 </p><p>喺冇耐之後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%87%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="波蘇戰爭">波蘇戰爭</a>爆發，波蘭成功打贏<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>，維持到佢嘅獨立。喺1921年簽嘅《里加條約》，波蘭嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C" title="邊界">邊界</a>肯定咗：東面係<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>、西面同北面係<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%91%AA%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="威瑪共和國">威瑪共和國</a>、而南面就係<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a>。波蘭經過<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波蘭走廊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英文" data-foreign-title="Polish Corridor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波蘭走廊 (無呢版)">波蘭走廊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英文</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Corridor" class="extiw" title="en:Polish Corridor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polish Corridor</span></a></span>）</span></span>能夠出去<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>。 </p><p>喺1920年代初，波蘭嘅動蕩非常之大，無論係政治、經濟、社會、定係外交都出現咗好多問題。喺政治方面，好多官員參與咗<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%AA%E6%B1%A1" title="貪污">貪污</a>，但係政府又冇足夠經驗去處理佢哋，所以令普羅大眾都唔信政府同官員<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。喺1926年，Józef Piłsudski 發動<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A" title="政變">政變</a>，推翻咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>政府，成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E8%A3%81%E8%80%85" title="獨裁者">獨裁者</a>。最終，波蘭<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>嘅失敗，都係因為政黨唔肯互相信任同合作，搞到一事無成<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>到1930年代尾，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E6%80%A7" title="攻擊性">攻擊性</a>跡象明顯加劇，包括喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="慕尼黑協定">慕尼黑協定</a>吞并<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="蘇台德地區">蘇台德地區</a>。到1939年9月1號，納粹德國正式發動<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="波蘭戰役">波蘭戰役</a>，而蘇聯喺17號亦同樣入侵波蘭，二次大戰正式開始。喺一個月後，波蘭滅國，成為打仗期間嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="流亡政府">流亡政府</a>。 </p><p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰">二戰</a>之後，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>繼續佔領佢喺入侵<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>嗰陣佔領咗嘅波蘭東部領土；後尾蘇聯將嗰啲佔領咗嘅東部領土併咗入<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="立陶宛蘇維埃社會主義共和國">立陶宛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國">白俄羅斯</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="烏克蘭蘇維埃社會主義共和國">烏克蘭</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 經濟"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>波蘭獨立之後嘅經濟同樣非常之頭痛，因為政府為咗減輕<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96" title="私有化">私有化</a>嘅煩惱，決定將好多大型嘅<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" title="企業">企業</a>都國有化，搞到私人<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="投資">投資</a>係全歐洲最少嘅國家。到1929年<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%A4%A7%E8%95%AD%E6%A2%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟大蕭條">經濟大蕭條</a>之後，波蘭嘅經濟就更加一鑊粥，其中國内嘅<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="農民">農民</a>收入跌咗超過50%，表明經濟嘅唔穩定<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 人口"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺1938年，波蘭係歐洲喺人口上第六大嘅國家。根據人口普查，到1939年戰前有大約3,510萬人。波蘭當時有接近1/3係<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="少數民族">少數民族</a>：13.9% <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="烏克蘭人">烏克蘭人</a>、10% <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%B4%8D%E8%8C%B2%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="阿什肯納茲猶太人">阿什肯納茲猶太人</a>、3.1% <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄羅斯人">白俄羅斯人</a>等等，所以出現好多種族之間嘅衝突<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>喺國會入面，大家亦唔能夠認定未來嘅去向：有啲希望波蘭嘅人口全部同化入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="波蘭文化">波蘭文化</a>，但係有其他就認為波蘭應該繼續<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭立陶宛">波蘭立陶宛</a>嘅腳步而歡迎一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="多元文化主義">多元化</a>嘅社會。 </p><p>到1935年，波蘭同<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">納粹德國</a>一樣，開始出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8C%B6%E6%83%85%E7%B7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="反猶情緒">反猶情緒</a>，對<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>嘅生意加咗好多限制<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-journals.uchicago.edu_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.uchicago.edu-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skalmowski_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skalmowski-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Polish_Review_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Polish_Review-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" title="瓜分波蘭">瓜分波蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.zi6:after{padding-top:0.6em;content:"·";width:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .koen1zo2,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19200730497">"<i>Ustawa Konstytucyjna z dnia 15 lipca 1920 r. zawierająca statut organiczny Województwa Śląskiego</i> (Dz.U. z 1920 r. nr 73, poz. 497)"</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218225301/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19200730497">歸檔</a>喺18 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ustawa+Konstytucyjna+z+dnia+15+lipca+1920+r.+zawieraj%C4%85ca+statut+organiczny+Wojew%C3%B3dztwa+%C5%9Al%C4%85skiego+%28Dz.U.+z+1920+r.+nr+73%2C+poz.+497%29.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2Fisap.nsf%2FDocDetails.xsp%3Fid%3DWDU19200730497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reglang-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reglang_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reglang_2-1">2.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-reglang_2-2">2.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19240730724">"Ustawa z dnia 31 lipca 1924 r. o języku państwowym i języku urzędowania rządowych i samorządowych władz administracyjnych (Dz.U. z 1924 r. nr 73, poz. 724)"</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211218225300/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19240730724">歸檔</a>喺18 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2021搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ustawa+z+dnia+31+lipca+1924+r.+o+j%C4%99zyku+pa%C5%84stwowym+i+j%C4%99zyku+urz%C4%99dowania+rz%C4%85dowych+i+samorz%C4%85dowych+w%C5%82adz+administracyjnych+%28Dz.U.+z+1924+r.+nr+73%2C+poz.+724%29.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2Fisap.nsf%2FDocDetails.xsp%3Fid%3DWDU19240730724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gus1921-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gus1921_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Statistical_Office_of_the_Polish_Republic1927" class="citation book cs1">Central Statistical Office of the Polish Republic (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a22_1/apache_media/81QB7CFELH8SBCE3HAX9HCEJA8X337.pdf"><i>Population of Poland according to religious denominations and nationality</i></a> [<i>Ludność według wyznania religijnego i narodowości</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>First National Census of 30 September 1921</i>. Warszawa: GUS. page 80/109 in PDF, page 56 in census results: Table XI<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2015搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+of+Poland+according+to+religious+denominations+and+nationality&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=page+80%2F109+in+PDF%2C+page+56+in+census+results%3A+Table+XI.&rft.pub=GUS&rft.date=1927&rft.au=Central+Statistical+Office+of+the+Polish+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatlibr.stat.gov.pl%2Fexlibris%2Faleph%2Fa22_1%2Fapache_media%2F81QB7CFELH8SBCE3HAX9HCEJA8X337.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polish_Census_1931-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Polish_Census_1931_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317212240/http://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a18_1/apache_media/VUNVGMLANSCQQFGYHCN3VDLK12A9U5.pdf">"Główny Urząd Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, drugi powszechny spis ludności z dn. 9.XII 1931 r. - Mieszkania i gospodarstwa domowe ludność"</a> [Central Statistical Office the Polish Republic, the second census dated 9.XII 1931 - Abodes and household populace] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (波蘭文). Central Statistical office of the Polish Republic. 1938. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statlibr.stat.gov.pl/exlibris/aleph/a18_1/apache_media/VUNVGMLANSCQQFGYHCN3VDLK12A9U5.pdf">原著</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF, direct download, table: page 30)</span>喺17 March 2014歸檔.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G%C5%82%C3%B3wny+Urz%C4%85d+Statystyczny+Rzeczypospolitej+Polskiej%2C+drugi+powszechny+spis+ludno%C5%9Bci+z+dn.+9.XII+1931+r.+-+Mieszkania+i+gospodarstwa+domowe+ludno%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.pub=Central+Statistical+office+of+the+Polish+Republic&rft.date=1938&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatlibr.stat.gov.pl%2Fexlibris%2Faleph%2Fa18_1%2Fapache_media%2FVUNVGMLANSCQQFGYHCN3VDLK12A9U5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, pp. 183-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Polonsky, Antony. (1972). <i>Politics in Independent Poland, 1921-1939. The Crisis of Constitutional Government</i>. Oxford.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biskupski, Mieczyslaw B. (2000) <i>The History of Poland.</i> Greenwood.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Watt, <i>Bitter Glory,</i> pp. 293-96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. C. Kaser and E. A. Radice, eds., <i>The Economic History of Eastern Europe 1919-1975: Volume II: Interwar Policy, The War, and Reconstruction</i> (1987) ch. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Piotr S. Wandycz, "Poland's Place in Europe in the Concepts of Piłsudski and Dmowski," <i>East European Politics & Societies</i> (1990) 4#3 pp. 451-468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Kossert, "Founding Father of Modern Poland and Nationalistic Antisemite: Roman Dmowski," in <i>In the Shadow of Hitler: Personalities of the Right in Central and Eastern Europe</i> edited by Rebecca Haynes and Martyn Rady, (2011) pp. 89-105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Snyder_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="yue" dir="ltr">引用錯誤無效嘅<code><ref></code>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做<code>Snyder</code>嘅參照</span></li> <li id="cite_note-journals.uchicago.edu-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-journals.uchicago.edu_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFHagen1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hagen, William W. (June 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/600769?journalCode=jmh">"Hagen, William W. "Before the" final solution": Toward a comparative analysis of political anti-Semitism in interwar Germany and Poland." The Journal of Modern History 68.2 (1996): 351-381"</a>. <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>68</b> (2): 351–381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F600769">10.1086/600769</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (無呢版)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:153790671">153790671</a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200108090550/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/600769?journalCode=jmh">歸檔</a>喺8 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2019搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Hagen%2C+William+W.+%22Before+the%22+final+solution%22%3A+Toward+a+comparative+analysis+of+political+anti-Semitism+in+interwar+Germany+and+Poland.%22+The+Journal+of+Modern+History+68.2+%281996%29%3A+351-381.&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=351-381&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F600769&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A153790671%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=William+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1086%2F600769%3FjournalCode%3Djmh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skalmowski-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Skalmowski_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSkalmowski2003" class="citation book cs1">Skalmowski, Wojciech (8 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp1R2srxDGEC&q=ukrainophobia+poland&pg=PA54"><i>For East is East: Liber Amicorum Wojciech Skalmowski</i></a>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-90-429-1298-4" title="Special:書本來源/978-90-429-1298-4"><bdi>978-90-429-1298-4</bdi></a>. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729050712/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wp1R2srxDGEC&q=ukrainophobia+poland&pg=PA54">歸檔</a>喺29 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2021搵到</span> –透過Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=For+East+is+East%3A+Liber+Amicorum+Wojciech+Skalmowski&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2003-07-08&rft.isbn=978-90-429-1298-4&rft.aulast=Skalmowski&rft.aufirst=Wojciech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWp1R2srxDGEC%26q%3Dukrainophobia%2Bpoland%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Polish_Review-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-The_Polish_Review_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1XBpAAAAMAAJ&q=ukrainophobia+poland">"The Polish Review"</a>. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. 8 July 2001. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210729050713/https://books.google.com/books?id=1XBpAAAAMAAJ&q=ukrainophobia+poland">歸檔</a>喺29 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2020搵到</span> –透過Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Polish+Review&rft.pub=Polish+Institute+of+Arts+and+Sciences+in+America.&rft.date=2001-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1XBpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dukrainophobia%2Bpoland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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