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housing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: student housing"> <meta name="keywords" content="student housing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="student housing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3217</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: student housing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3217</span> The Development of Private Housing Schemes to Address the Housing Problem: A Case Study of Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Zafar">Zafar Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Waheed"> Abdul Waheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Capital Development Authority (CDA) Ordinance 1960 requires CDA to acquire land for the provision of housing in Islamabad. However, the pace of residential development was slow and the demand for housing was increasing rapidly. To resolve the growing housing problem, CDA involved the private sector in the development of housing schemes. Detailed bye-laws for regulation of private housing schemes were prepared and these bylaws were called “Modalities & Procedures”. This paper explains how the Modalities and Procedures of CDA have been successful in regulating the development of private housing schemes in Islamabad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20schemes" title="housing schemes">housing schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20plan" title=" master plan"> master plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20works" title=" development works"> development works</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning%20regulations" title=" zoning regulations"> zoning regulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778/the-development-of-private-housing-schemes-to-address-the-housing-problem-a-case-study-of-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3216</span> Measuring Housing Quality Using Geographic Information System (GIS)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvija%20%C5%A0Iljeg">Silvija ŠIljeg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ante%20%C5%A0Iljeg"> Ante ŠIljeg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Mari%C4%87"> Ivan Marić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring housing quality is being done on objective and subjective level using different indicators. During the research 5 urban and housing indicators formed according to 58 variables from different housing, domains were used. The aims of the research were to measure housing quality based on GIS approach and to detect critical points of housing in the example of Croatian coastal Town Zadar. The purposes of GIS in the research are to generate models of housing quality indexes by standardisation and aggregation of variables and to examine accuracy model of housing quality index. Analysis of accuracy has been done on the example of variable referring to educational objects availability. By defining weighted coefficients and using different GIS methods high, middle and low housing quality zones were determined. Obtained results can be of use to town planners, spatial planners and town authorities in the process of generating decisions, guidelines, and spatial interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20quality" title="housing quality">housing quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20quality%20index" title=" housing quality index"> housing quality index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indicators" title=" indicators"> indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models%20of%20housing%20quality" title=" models of housing quality"> models of housing quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53181/measuring-housing-quality-using-geographic-information-system-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3215</span> Preference for Housing Services and Rational House Price Bubbles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefanie%20Jeanette%20Huber">Stefanie Jeanette Huber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the relevance and implications of preferences for housing services on house price fluctuations through the lens of an overlapping generation’s model. The model implies that an economy whose agents have lower preferences for housing services is characterized with lower expenditure shares on housing services and will tend to experience more frequent and more volatile housing bubbles. These model predictions are tested empirically in the companion paper Housing Booms and Busts - Convergences and Divergences across OECD countries. Between 1970 - 2013, countries who spend less on housing services as a share of total income experienced significantly more housing cycles and the associated housing boom-bust cycles were more violent. Finally, the model is used to study the impact of rental subsidies and help-to-buy schemes on rational housing bubbles. Rental subsidies are found to contribute to the control of housing bubbles, whereas help-to- buy scheme makes the economy more bubble-prone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20bubbles" title="housing bubbles">housing bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20booms%20and%20busts" title=" housing booms and busts"> housing booms and busts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference%20for%20housing%20services" title=" preference for housing services"> preference for housing services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expenditure%20shares%20for%20housing%20services" title=" expenditure shares for housing services"> expenditure shares for housing services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rental%20and%20purchase%20subsidies" title=" rental and purchase subsidies"> rental and purchase subsidies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46437/preference-for-housing-services-and-rational-house-price-bubbles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46437.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3214</span> Principles of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy for Afghan Refugees Returning to Afghanistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saraj%20Sharifzai">Mohammad Saraj Sharifzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keisuke%20Kitagawa"> Keisuke Kitagawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Kamil%20Halimee"> Mohammad Kamil Halimee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javid%20Habib"> Javid Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daishi%20Sakaguchi"> Daishi Sakaguchi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The overall goal of this paper is to examine the suitability and potential of the policies addressing the sustainability and affordability of housing for returnees, and to determine the impact of this policy on housing delivery for Afghan refugees. Housing is a central component of the settlement experience of refugees. A positive housing situation can facilitate many aspects of integration. Unaffordable, and unsafe housing, however, can cause disruptions in the entire settlement process. This paper aims to identify a suite of built forms for housing that is both affordable and environmentally sustainable for Afghan refugees. The result was the development of a framework that enables the assessment of the overall performance of various types of housing development in all zones of the country. There is very little evidence that the present approach of housing provision to the vagaries of market forces has provided affordable housing, especially for Afghan refugees. There is a need to incorporate social housing into the policy to assist people who cannot afford to have their own houses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afghan%20refugees" title="Afghan refugees">Afghan refugees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20policy" title=" housing policy"> housing policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordability" title=" affordability"> affordability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20housing" title=" social housing"> social housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20provision" title=" housing provision"> housing provision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability%20principles" title=" environmental sustainability principles"> environmental sustainability principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resettlement" title=" resettlement"> resettlement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41538/principles-of-sustainable-and-affordable-housing-policy-for-afghan-refugees-returning-to-afghanistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">567</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3213</span> Microeconomic Consequences of the Housing Market Deformation in the Selected Region of the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hana%20Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1">Hana Janáčková</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing can be sorted as basic needs of households. Purchase of acceptable ownership housing is important investments for most them. For rental housing households must consider the part of rent expenditure paid in the total household income. For this reason, financial considerations of households in this area depend on the government innervations (public administration) in housing - on housing policy. Market system of housing allocation, whether ownership or tenancy, is based on the fact that housing is a scarce good. The allocation of housing is based on demand and supply. The market system of housing can sometimes have a negative impact on some households, the market is unable to satisfy certain groups of the population that are not able or willing to accept market price. For these reasons, there is a more or less regulation of the market. Regulation is both on the demand and supply side, and the state determines the rules of behaviour for all economic entities of the housing market. This article submits results of analysis of selected regulatory interference of the state in the housing market and assesses their implications deforming the market in the selected region of the Czech Republic. The first part describes tools of supports and the second part discusses deformations and analyses their consequences on the demand side of housing market and on supply side. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20market" title=" housing market"> housing market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microeconomic%20consequences" title=" microeconomic consequences"> microeconomic consequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64218/microeconomic-consequences-of-the-housing-market-deformation-in-the-selected-region-of-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3212</span> The Potential of Shifting Urban Village to Public Housing through Sharing Economy: Case Study of Shenzhen</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinrui%20Gao">Xinrui Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to explore the potential of shifting urban villages to public housing in China. In common practice, the central and local governments established two divided systems of urban redevelopment and public housing, including aims, design ideas, policy, headquarters, and branch offices. In most cases, the urban regeneration and public housing projects satisfy only the selected part of the society who can afford it (urban regeneration) or meet the requirements (public housing), which fail to cover the housing demand. However, there are many similarities between these two types of housing under the background of a shared economy, especially in target groups, affordable prices, and efficient use of spaces. Shenzhen always takes the lead in China’s urban regeneration and housing reformation. There are some top-down approaches to transforming housing in the urban village into public housing at present. These new approaches will provide a good chance to evaluate existing practices and explore the future development path of urban villages; while at the same time it could positively influence the housing problem in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20village" title="urban village">urban village</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20housing" title=" public housing"> public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharing%20economy" title=" sharing economy"> sharing economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20redevelopment" title=" urban redevelopment"> urban redevelopment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154615/the-potential-of-shifting-urban-village-to-public-housing-through-sharing-economy-case-study-of-shenzhen" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3211</span> Housing Delivery in Nigeria: Repackaging for Sustainable Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Funmilayo%20L.%20Amao">Funmilayo L. Amao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amos%20O.%20Amao"> Amos O. Amao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It has been observed that majority of the people are living in poor housing quality or totally homeless in urban center despite all governmental policies to provide housing to the public. On the supply side, various government policies in the past have been formulated towards overcoming the huge shortage through several Housing Reform Programmes. Despite these past efforts, housing continues to be a mirage to ordinary Nigerian. Currently, there are various mass housing delivery programmes such as the affordable housing scheme that utilize the Public Private Partnership effort and several Private Finance Initiative models could only provide for about 3% of the required stock. This suggests the need for a holistic solution in approaching the problem. The aim of this research is to find out the problems hindering the delivery of housing in Nigeria and its effects on housing affordability. The specific objectives are to identify the causes of housing delivery problems, to examine different housing policies over years and to suggest a way out for sustainable housing delivery. This paper also reviews the past and current housing delivery programmes in Nigeria and analyses the demand and supply side issues. It identifies the various housing delivery mechanisms in current practice. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to give you an insight into the delivery option for the sustainability of housing in Nigeria, given the existing delivery structures and the framework specified in the New National Housing Policy. The secondary data were obtained from books, journals and seminar papers. The conclusion is that we cannot copy models from other nations, but should rather evolve workable models based on our socio-cultural background to address the huge housing shortage in Nigeria. Recommendations are made in this regard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20delivery" title=" housing delivery"> housing delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20policy" title=" housing policy"> housing policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20affordability" title=" housing affordability"> housing affordability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5985/housing-delivery-in-nigeria-repackaging-for-sustainable-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3210</span> Analysis of Urban Housing Quality and Conditions within Kano Metropolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurraheem%20A.%20Yakub">Abdurraheem A. Yakub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing is one of the needs of mankind and is one of the best indicators of a person’s standard of living. This research was set out to analyze the housing qualities and conditions in Kano. Primary data was collected through both Personal observations where the researcher carried out an inspection of the study area prior to interview/implementation of questionnaires and took into consideration the type of housing units, construction materials and services available as well as the environmental condition of the study area. This was followed by an interview which was done through personal contact with the various people related to the study. In the course of doing that, questions were asked orally and notes were taken to record the responses. Thereafter, the Questionnaire was implemented which was earlier designed to elicit information from households in the study area using well-structured questions related to the type of facilities provided in the housing unit, types of houses and response with regard to quality of their houses and neighborhoods, tenure of house. The research work looked at the prevailing housing qualities and conditions and the state of the existing facilities and amenities within the environment and offered recommendations on policies and measures that could help improve the situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20provision" title="housing provision">housing provision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20quality" title=" housing quality"> housing quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20standard" title=" housing standard"> housing standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20condition" title=" housing condition"> housing condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20affordability%20and%20housing%20facilities" title=" housing affordability and housing facilities"> housing affordability and housing facilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50050/analysis-of-urban-housing-quality-and-conditions-within-kano-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3209</span> Housing Harmony: Social Integration in Singapore Public Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingjie%20Feng">Yingjie Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Xu"> Lei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenyu%20Cao"> Zhenyu Cao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of urbanization, public housing is often a powerful means to deal with large floating population. In the developed countries like the U.S, France, Singapore, and Japan, the experience on how to make use of public housing to realize social integration in aspects of race, class, religion, income is gained through years of practice. Take the example of Singapore, the article first introduces the ethnic composition background and public housing development in Singapore, and then gives a detailed explanation and analysis on social integration in public housing from the views of Ethnic quotas policy, community organization construction and design of public space. Finally, combined with the Chinese situation, the article points out that the solution for social integration in China is the organic mix of different income groups in public housing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20population" title="floating population">floating population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20housing" title=" public housing"> public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20integration" title=" social integration"> social integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84771/housing-harmony-social-integration-in-singapore-public-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3208</span> A Comparative Analysis of Residential Quality of Public and Private Estates in Lagos</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Akinde">S. Akinde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jubril%20Olatunbosun"> Jubril Olatunbosun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, most of the urban centers in Nigeria are fast experiencing housing problems such as unaffordable housing and environmental challenges, all of which determine the nature of housing quality. The population continues to increase and the demand for quality housing increases probably at the same rate. Several kinds of houses serve various purposes; the objectives of the low cost housing schemes as the name suggests is to make houses quality to both the middle and lower classes of people in Lagos. A casual look into the study area of Iba Low Cost Housing Estate and the Unity Low Cost Housing Estate, Ojo and Alimosho respectively in Lagos State have shown a huge demands for houses. The study area boasts of a large population all engaged in various commercial activities with income at various levels. It would be fair to say that these people are mainly of the middle class and lower class. This means the low cost housing scheme truly serves these purposes. A Low Cost Housing Scheme of Iba which is publicly owned and Low Cost Housing Scheme of Unity Estate (UE) is privately owned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20quality" title=" residential quality"> residential quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20housing%20scheme" title=" low cost housing scheme"> low cost housing scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public" title=" public"> public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20estates" title=" private estates"> private estates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33438/a-comparative-analysis-of-residential-quality-of-public-and-private-estates-in-lagos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3207</span> Factors Influencing the Housing Price: Developers’ Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ernawati%20Mustafa%20Kamal">Ernawati Mustafa Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnanywati%20Hassan"> Hasnanywati Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atasya%20Osmadi"> Atasya Osmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The housing industry is crucial for sustainable development of every country. Housing is a basic need that can enhance the quality of life. Owning a house is therefore the main aim of individuals. However, affordability has become a critical issue towards homeownership. In recent years, housing price in the main cities has increased tremendously to unaffordable level. This paper investigates factors influencing the housing price from developer’s perspective and provides recommendation on strategies to tackle this issue. Online and face-to-face survey was conducted on housing developers operating in Penang, Malaysia. The results indicate that (1) location; (2) macroeconomics factor; (3) demographic factors; (4) land/zoning and; (5) industry factors are the main factors influencing the housing price. This paper contributes towards better understanding on developers’ view on how the housing price is determined and form a basis for government to help tackle the housing affordability issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors%20influence" title="factors influence">factors influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=house%20price" title=" house price"> house price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20developers" title=" housing developers"> housing developers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia" title=" Malaysia"> Malaysia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41899/factors-influencing-the-housing-price-developers-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3206</span> Evaluation of Suitable Housing System for Adoption in Addis Ababa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yidnekachew%20Daget">Yidnekachew Daget</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Zhang"> Hong Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The decision-making process in order to select the suitable housing system for application in housing construction has been a challenge for many developing countries. This study evaluates the decision process to identify the suitable housing systems for adoption in Addis Ababa. Ten industrialized housing systems were considered as alternatives for comparison. These systems have been used in a housing development in different parts of the world. A relevant literature review and contextual analysis were conducted. An analytical hierarchy process and an Expert Choice Comparion platform were employed as a research technique and tool to evaluate the professionals’ level of preferences with regard to the housing systems. The findings revealed the priority rank and characteristics of the suitable housing systems to be adapted for application in housing development. The decision criteria and the analytical process used in this study can help the decision-makers and the housing developers in developing countries make effective evaluations and decisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytical hierarchy process">analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title=" decision-making"> decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20choice%20comparion" title=" expert choice comparion"> expert choice comparion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialized%20housing%20systems" title=" industrialized housing systems"> industrialized housing systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84106/evaluation-of-suitable-housing-system-for-adoption-in-addis-ababa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3205</span> Tracing a Timber Breakthrough: A Qualitative Study of the Introduction of Cross-Laminated-Timber to the Student Housing Market in Norway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marius%20Nygaard">Marius Nygaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ona%20Flindall"> Ona Flindall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Palisaden student housing project was completed in August 2013 and was, with its eight floors, Norway’s tallest timber building at the time of completion. It was the first time cross-laminated-timber (CLT) was utilized at this scale in Norway. The project was the result of a concerted effort by a newly formed management company to establish CLT as a sustainable and financially competitive alternative to conventional steel and concrete systems. The introduction of CLT onto the student housing market proved so successful that by 2017 more than 4000 individual student residences will have been built using the same model of development and construction. The aim of this paper is to identify the key factors that enabled this breakthrough for CLT. It is based on an in-depth study of a series of housing projects and the role of the management company who both instigated and enabled this shift of CLT from the margin to the mainstream. Specifically, it will look at how a new building system was integrated into a marketing strategy that identified a market potential within the existing structure of the construction industry and within the economic restrictions inherent to student housing in Norway. It will show how a key player established a project model that changed both the patterns of cooperation and the information basis for decisions. Based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with managers, contractors and the interdisciplinary teams of consultants (architects, structural engineers, acoustical experts etc.) this paper will trace the introduction, expansion and evolution of CLT-based building systems in the student housing market. It will show how the project management firm’s position in the value chain enabled them to function both as a liaison between contractor and client, and between contractor and producer. A position that allowed them to improve the flow of information. This ensured that CLT was handled on equal terms to other structural solutions in the project specifications, enabling realistic pricing and risk evaluation. Secondly, this paper will describe and discuss how the project management firm established and interacted with a growing network of contractors, architects and engineers to pool expertise and broaden the knowledge base across Norway’s regional markets. Finally, it will examine the role of the client, the building typology, and the industrial and technological factors in achieving this breakthrough for CLT in the construction industry. This paper gives an in-depth view of the progression of a single case rather than a broad description of the state of the art of large-scale timber building in Norway. However, this type of study may offer insights that are important to the understanding not only of specific markets but also of how new technologies should be introduced in big and well-established industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated-timber%20%28CLT%29" title="cross-laminated-timber (CLT)">cross-laminated-timber (CLT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20breakthrough" title=" industry breakthrough"> industry breakthrough</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing" title=" student housing"> student housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20market" title=" timber market"> timber market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495/tracing-a-timber-breakthrough-a-qualitative-study-of-the-introduction-of-cross-laminated-timber-to-the-student-housing-market-in-norway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">223</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3204</span> How Do Housing Market and Mortgage Solve the Housing Problem in Russian Regions?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liudmila%20A.Guzikova">Liudmila A.Guzikova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Being federative state Russia includes more than 80 subjects which are widely diverse by climatic conditions, demographic characteristics, cultural traditions, intensity of migration, economic development and investment attraction and other parameters. Now, in the regions of the country all forms of housing problem are present - housing mismatch to sanitary and hygienic standards, overcrowding, forced residence in financially burdensome housing, homelessness, -although the extent of these symptoms varies widely. Heterogeneity of regional conditions in combination with specifics of regional housing situation requires to concentrate the study of housing problem on the regional level. Traditionally housing market and mortgage are considered as the instruments of housing problem solving. The question arises how the housing market and mortgage market contribute to solving the housing problem in the regions of Russia. Though the purchase of dwelling in ownership should not be regarded as a universal method of the housing problem solving, the purchase of dwelling both by own funds or by use of mortgage can reduce the problem and enhance public satisfaction of living conditions. The aim of the study is to identify differences and similarities in the development of regional housing markets and mortgage lending in the regions of Russia and to evaluate their impact on the status of the housing problem. To achieve the aim of the study the methods of correlation and regression analysis are used. The data of federal statistics constitutes the information base of research. The results of the study contribute to better understanding of the interrelations in housing sphere and can be used to work out social and economic development programs in the regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20market" title="housing market">housing market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20problem" title=" housing problem"> housing problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortgage" title=" mortgage"> mortgage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20economy" title=" regional economy"> regional economy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43567/how-do-housing-market-and-mortgage-solve-the-housing-problem-in-russian-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3203</span> A Dynamic Spatial Panel Data Analysis on Renter-Occupied Multifamily Housing DC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Funes">Jose Funes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Sauer"> Jeff Sauer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laixiang%20Sun"> Laixiang Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research examines determinants of multifamily housing development and spillovers in the District of Columbia. A range of socioeconomic factors related to income distribution, productivity, and land use policies are thought to influence the development in contemporary U.S. multifamily housing markets. The analysis leverages data from the American Community Survey to construct panel datasets spanning from 2010 to 2019. Using spatial regression, we identify several socioeconomic measures and land use policies both positively and negatively associated with new housing supply. We contextualize housing estimates related to race in relation to uneven development in the contemporary D.C. housing supply. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neighborhood%20effect" title="neighborhood effect">neighborhood effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorting" title=" sorting"> sorting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20spillovers" title=" spatial spillovers"> spatial spillovers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifamily%20housing" title=" multifamily housing"> multifamily housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160620/a-dynamic-spatial-panel-data-analysis-on-renter-occupied-multifamily-housing-dc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3202</span> Affordable Housing and Economic Sustainability: The Case of the Poorest of the Poor Housing in Debre Markos City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Menberu">Michael Menberu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing affordability is a crucial policy objective. Incorporating economic sustainability in affordable housing in the development of the poorest of the poor's housing programs has become a major concern. This paper examines the affordability and economic sustainability of the poorest of the poor affordable housing in Debre Markos city. To address this, this study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, Using a questionnaire survey, Interviews, field observation, household survey, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings show that households in the expansion area have lower monthly incomes than in the past, but they are satisfied with the housing quality, rental pricing, and tenure security of their homes. This demonstrates in providing affordable housing for the poorest of the poor the location of the houses must be considered in order to have affordable and economically sustainable development. The findings show that housing is not truly affordable if it is in an inaccessible place with a long commute to work, high transportation expenditures, and land use that is homogeneous. Increasing the supply of affordable housing in accessible locations helps the poorest of the poor achieve multiple planning objectives: it reduces transportation costs, improves incomes, provides infrastructure, and reduces the distance to the work area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordable%20housing" title=" affordable housing"> affordable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20sustainability" title=" economic sustainability"> economic sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20poorest%20of%20the%20poor%20housing" title=" the poorest of the poor housing"> the poorest of the poor housing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186702/affordable-housing-and-economic-sustainability-the-case-of-the-poorest-of-the-poor-housing-in-debre-markos-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186702.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3201</span> Future Student Service Organization - Road Map</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Postert">Michael Postert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Studierendenwerke are legally independent public foundations with a one-century-old history in the German university community. Like the French CROUS, the Italian ANDISU or the Japanese University COOPs, they are set-up to serve the university and student needs. They are legally independent of their client institutions and student stakeholders. Initially set up as a support organization by students for students they have evolved to public business institutions with an annual turnover of EUR 100 Million or more. They are usually engaged in business areas such as student housing, restaurants, student grants, governmental scholarships and counselling services. These institutions are facing major changes over the next few years. The COVID19 pandemic and its impact on the educational system will unavoidably have an immense impact on the German student service organizations (Studierendenwerke). Issues such as digitalization and sustainability will have a huge impact on how the future business model of the Studierendenwerke will look like. The paper will discuss the aims and challenges of this development that started already before the COVID19 pandemic. In light of the way the educational system of the future will look like, the Studierendenwerke have to develop as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20model" title="business model">business model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalization" title=" digitalization"> digitalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20services" title=" student services"> student services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138772/future-student-service-organization-road-map" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3200</span> Socio-Cultural Behaviors of Individuals in High-Rise Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raweyah%20Al-Sedairawi">Raweyah Al-Sedairawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While high-rise housing detained massive negative connotations on several societies and well-being, this typology did deliver housing demand efficiently. Despite its adverse reference due to declining precedents, high-rise housing is still in global demand. Yet the suitability of this typology is still questioned. In this research, the suitability of high-rise housing as a socio-culturally sustainable solution to meet housing demands will be examined. By questioning what is the potential of high-rise housing as a socio-culturally sustainable solution for housing demands, the research will examine some high-rise housing practices. Through reviewing the literature on the origins of high-rise housing, how and why they were developed, some unsuccessful cases, and some successful cases, with the identification of factors for successful high-rise living. Thus, the research groundings will materialize from existing patterns of housing demands. Whilst most of the literature covers the housing market from an economic, real estate, and political perspective, there is less amount that discloses occupants’ reactions towards this typology and its appropriateness for the reason that income controls individuals’ choices. To bridge the gap, the prospect of implementing the study would be effective. This will be applied through a mixture of a qualitative and a quantitative methodology by conducting questionnaires and focus groups on existing cases of high-net-worth residential towers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title="architecture">architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviors" title=" behaviors"> behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise" title=" high-rise"> high-rise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural" title=" socio-cultural"> socio-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166323/socio-cultural-behaviors-of-individuals-in-high-rise-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3199</span> Estimation of Break Points of Housing Price Growth Rate for Top MSAs in Texas Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wu">Hui Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye%20Li"> Ye Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applying the structural break estimation method proposed by Perron and Bai (1998) to the housing price growth rate of top 5 MSAs in the Texas area, this paper estimated the structural break date for the growth rate of housing prices index. As shown in the estimation results, the break dates for each region are quite different, which indicates the heterogeneity of the housing market in response to macroeconomic conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20break" title="structural break">structural break</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20prices%20index" title=" housing prices index"> housing prices index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADF%20test" title=" ADF test"> ADF test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20model" title=" linear model"> linear model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145280/estimation-of-break-points-of-housing-price-growth-rate-for-top-msas-in-texas-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3198</span> Housing Loans Determinants before and during Financial Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josip%20Viskovi%C4%87">Josip Visković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Rimac%20Smiljani%C4%87"> Ana Rimac Smiljanić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ines%20Ivi%C4%87"> Ines Ivić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing loans play an important role in CEE countries’ economies. This fact is based on their share in total loans to households and their importance for economic activity and growth in CEE countries. Therefore, it is important to find out key determinants of housing loans demand in these countries. The aim of this study is to research and analyze the determinants of the demand for housing loans in Croatia. In this regard, the effect of economic activity, loan terms and real estate prices were analyzed. Also, the aim of this study is to find out what motivates people to take housing loans. Therefore, primarily empirical study was conducted among the Croatian residents. The results show that demand for housing loans is positively affected by economic growth, higher personal income and flexible loan terms, while it is negatively affected by interest rate rise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CEE%20countries" title="CEE countries">CEE countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Croatia" title=" Croatia"> Croatia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20determinants" title=" demand determinants"> demand determinants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20loans" title=" housing loans"> housing loans</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18312/housing-loans-determinants-before-and-during-financial-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3197</span> Research on the Development and Space Optimization of Rental-Type Public Housing in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuran%20Zhang">Xuran Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiru%20Chen"> Huiru Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, China has made great efforts to cultivate and develop the housing rental market, especially the rental-type public housing, which has been paid attention to by all sectors of the society. This paper takes Hangzhou rental-type public housing as the research object, and divides it into three development stages according to the different supply modes of rental-type public housing. Through data collection and field research, the paper summarizes the spatial characteristics of rental-type public housing from the five perspectives of spatial planning, spatial layout, spatial integration, spatial organization and spatial configuration. On this basis, the paper proposes the optimization of the spatial layout. The study concludes that the spatial layout of rental-type public housing should be coordinated with the development of urban planning. When planning and constructing, it is necessary to select more mixed construction modes, to be properly centralized, and to improve the surrounding transportation service facilities.  It is hoped that the recommendations in this paper will provide a reference for the further development of rental-type public housing in Hangzhou. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rental-type%20public%20housing" title=" rental-type public housing"> rental-type public housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20optimization" title=" spatial optimization"> spatial optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93082/research-on-the-development-and-space-optimization-of-rental-type-public-housing-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3196</span> Cost Reduction Techniques for Provision of Shelter to Homeless</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukul%20Anand">Mukul Anand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quality oriented affordable shelter for all has always been the key issue in the housing sector of our country. Homelessness is the acute form of housing need. It is a paradox that in spite of innumerable government initiated programmes for affordable housing, certain section of society is still devoid of shelter. About nineteen million (18.78 million) households grapple with housing shortage in Urban India in 2012. In Indian scenario there is major mismatch between the people for whom the houses are being built and those who need them. The prime force faced by public authorities in facilitation of quality housing for all is high cost of construction. The present paper will comprehend executable techniques for dilution of cost factor in housing the homeless. The key actors responsible for delivery of cheap housing stock such as capacity building, resource optimization, innovative low cost building material and indigenous skeleton housing system will also be incorporated in developing these techniques. Time performance, which is an important angle of above actors, will also be explored so as to increase the effectiveness of low cost housing. Along with this best practices will be taken up as case studies where both conventional techniques of housing and innovative low cost housing techniques would be cited. Transportation consists of approximately 30% of total construction budget. Thus use of alternative local solutions depending upon the region would be covered so as to highlight major components of low cost housing. Government is laid back regarding base line information on use of innovative low cost method and technique of resource optimization. Therefore, the paper would be an attempt to bring to light simpler solutions for achieving low cost housing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelter" title=" shelter"> shelter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29179/cost-reduction-techniques-for-provision-of-shelter-to-homeless" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3195</span> A Comparative Analysis of Self-help Housing and Government Mass Housing Scheme in Addressing the Challenge of Housing Access in Mararaba Area of Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Abubakar">John Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to decent housing is a global challenge. An estimated one billion people currently live in slum settlements globally. About 80 percent of these slum dwellers are in Asia and Africa. Nigeria accounts for a significant percentage of African slum dwellers because of its size. Addressing the challenge of slum settlement in Nigeria can have far reaching positive implications in Africa. A major slum settlement in Nigeria is Mararaba slum in Karu local government of Nasarawa state. The importance of this slum settlement hinges on its proximity to Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city. This study is an attempt at identifying the impact of self-help housing and government mass housing scheme in addressing the problem of housing access in Mararaba area of Karu local government, Nasarawa state. The research method used is the content analysis of existing literature. After the review of existing literature, the paper argues that self-help house is more impactful in addressing housing access in Mararaba area of Karu local government. Therefore, self-help housing should be recognized and incorporated into the housing policy of Nasarawa state. Both self-help housing and government mass housing programs are reviewed comparatively, and their strengths and weaknesses analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum%20settlement" title="slum settlement">slum settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20settlement" title=" informal settlement"> informal settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20improvement" title=" progressive improvement"> progressive improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic%20planning" title=" holistic planning"> holistic planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167280/a-comparative-analysis-of-self-help-housing-and-government-mass-housing-scheme-in-addressing-the-challenge-of-housing-access-in-mararaba-area-of-karu-local-government-area-nasarawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3194</span> Research on Container Housing: A New Form of Informal Housing on Urban Temporary Land</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lufei%20Mao">Lufei Mao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongwei%20Chen"> Hongwei Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zijiao%20Chai"> Zijiao Chai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Informal housing is a widespread phenomenon in developing countries. In many newly-emerging cities in China, rapid urbanization leads to an influx of population as well as a shortage of housing. Under this background, container housing, a new form of informal housing, gradually appears on a small scale on urban temporary land in recent years. Container housing, just as its name implies, transforms containers into small houses that allow migrant workers group to live in it. Scholars in other countries have established sound theoretical frameworks for informal housing study, but the research fruits seem rather limited on this small scale housing form. Unlike the cases in developed countries, these houses, which are outside urban planning, bring about various environmental, economic, social and governance issues. Aiming to figure out this new-born housing form, a survey mainly on two container housing settlements in Hangzhou, China was carried out to gather the information of them. Based on this thorough survey, the paper concludes the features and problems of infrastructure, environment and social communication of container housing settlements. The result shows that these containers were lacking of basic facilities and were restricted in a small mess temporary land. Moreover, because of the deficiency in management, the rental rights of these containers might not be guaranteed. Then the paper analyzes the factors affecting the formation and evolution of container housing settlements. It turns out that institutional and policy factors, market factors and social factors were the main three factors that affect the formation. At last, the paper proposes some suggestions for the governance of container housing and the utility pattern of urban temporary land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=container%20housing" title="container housing">container housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20housing" title=" informal housing"> informal housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20temporary%20land" title=" urban temporary land"> urban temporary land</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title=" urban governance"> urban governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71245/research-on-container-housing-a-new-form-of-informal-housing-on-urban-temporary-land" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3193</span> Overcrowding and Adequate Housing: The Potential of Adaptability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%C3%AAs%20Ramalhete">Inês Ramalhete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugo%20Farias"> Hugo Farias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20da%20Silva%20Pinto"> Rui da Silva Pinto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adequate housing has been a widely discussed theme in academic circles related to low-cost housing, whereas its physical features are easy to deal with, overcrowding (related to social, cultural and economic aspects) is still ambiguous, particularly regarding the set of indicators that can accurately reflect and measure it. This paper develops research on low-cost housing models for developing countries and what is the best method to embed overcrowding as an important parameter for adaptability. A critical review of international overcrowding indicators and their application in two developing countries, Cape Verde and Angola, is presented. The several rationales and the constraints for an accurate assessment of overcrowding are considered, namely baseline data (statistics), which can induce misjudgments, as well as social and cultural factors (such as personal choices of residents). This paper proposes a way to tackle overcrowding through housing adaptability, considering factors such as physical flexibility, functional ambiguity, and incremental expansion schemes. Moreover, a case-study is presented to establish a framework for the theoretical application of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20housing" title="adaptive housing">adaptive housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20housing" title=" low cost housing"> low cost housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overcrowding" title=" overcrowding"> overcrowding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20model" title=" housing model"> housing model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86914/overcrowding-and-adequate-housing-the-potential-of-adaptability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3192</span> Assessment of Low Income Housing Delivery, Accessibility and Affordability Problem in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asimiyu%20Mohammed%20Jinadu">Asimiyu Mohammed Jinadu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing is a basic necessity of life. Housing plays a central role in the life of living organisms as it provides the basic platform for the life support systems in human settlements. It is considered a social service and a basic right. Despite the importance of housing, Nigeria as a nation is faced with the problem of quantitative and qualitative shortfall in the number of housing units required to accommodate the citizens. This study examined the accessibility and affordability problems of low-income housing in Nigeria. It relied on secondary data obtained for the records of government ministries and agencies. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis, and the information was presented in simple tables and charts. The findings show that over the years the government has provided serviced plots of land, owner occupier houses and mortgage loans for the people. As at 2016, the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) has completed a total of 23,038 housing units while another 14, 488 units were on-going under the Public Private Partnership scheme across the country. The study revealed that a total of 910, 671 housing units were proposed by the Government under the various low-income housing programmes between 1960 and 2017, but only 156, 336 units were delivered within the period, representing 17.17% success rate. Amongst others, the low-income group faced the problems of low access to and unaffordability of the few low-income housing delivered in Nigeria. The study recommended that all abandoned housing projects should be reviewed, rationalized, completed and made available to the targeted low-income people. Investment in micro housing finance, design and implementation of pro-poor housing programme and massive investment in innovative slum upgrading programmes by both the government and private sector are also recommended to ameliorate the housing problems of the low-income group in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title="housing">housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20income%20group" title=" low income group"> low income group</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem" title=" problem"> problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programme" title=" programme"> programme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78190/assessment-of-low-income-housing-delivery-accessibility-and-affordability-problem-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3191</span> Future Housing Energy Efficiency Associated with the Auckland Unitary Plan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Su">Bin Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The draft Auckland Unitary Plan outlines the future land used for new housing and businesses with Auckland population growth over the next thirty years. According to Auckland Unitary Plan, over the next 30 years, the population of Auckland is projected to increase by one million, and up to 70% of total new dwellings occur within the existing urban area. Intensification will not only increase the number of median or higher density houses such as terrace house, apartment building, etc. within the existing urban area but also change mean housing design data that can impact building thermal performance under the local climate. Based on mean energy consumption and building design data, and their relationships of a number of Auckland sample houses, this study is to estimate the future mean housing energy consumption associated with the change of mean housing design data and evaluate housing energy efficiency with the Auckland Unitary Plan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auckland%20Unitary%20Plan" title="Auckland Unitary Plan">Auckland Unitary Plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20thermal%20design" title=" building thermal design"> building thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20design" title=" housing design"> housing design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20energy%20efficiency" title=" housing energy efficiency"> housing energy efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7714/future-housing-energy-efficiency-associated-with-the-auckland-unitary-plan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3190</span> Expert Solutions to Affordable Housing Finance Challenges in Developing Economies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Akinwande">Timothy Akinwande</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eddie%20C.%20M.%20Hui"> Eddie C. M. Hui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Housing the urban poor has remained a challenge for many years across the world, especially in developing economies, despite the apparent research attention and policy interventions. It is apt to investigate the prevalent affordable housing (AH) provision challenges using unconventional approaches. It is pragmatic to thoroughly examine housing experts to provide supply-side solutions to AH challenges and investigate informal settlers to deduce solutions from AH demand viewpoints. This study being the supply-side investigation of an ongoing research, interrogated housing experts to determine significant expert solutions. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with housing experts in Nigeria. Through descriptive, content, and systematic thematic analyses of data, major findings are that deliberate finance models designed for the urban poor are the most significant housing finance solution in developing economies. Other findings are that adequately implemented rent control policies, deliberate PPP approaches like inclusionary housing and land-value capture, and urban renewal programmes to enlighten and tutor the urban poor on how to earn more, spend wisely, and invest in their own better housing will effectively solve AH finance challenges. Study findings are informative for the best approaches to achieve effective, affordable housing finance for the urban poor in Nigeria, which is indispensable for the achievement of sustainable development goals. This research’s originality lies in the exploration of experts’ opinions in relation to AH finance to produce an equation model of critical solutions to AH finance challenges. Study data are useful resources for future pro-poor housing studies. This study makes housing policy-oriented recommendations toward effective, affordable housing for the urban poor in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affordable%20housing" title="affordable housing">affordable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20affordable%20housing" title=" effective affordable housing"> effective affordable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20policy" title=" housing policy"> housing policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20research" title=" housing research"> housing research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20poor" title=" urban poor"> urban poor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167529/expert-solutions-to-affordable-housing-finance-challenges-in-developing-economies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3189</span> Housing Security System and Household Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wangshi%20Yong">Wangshi Yong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Shi"> Wei Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Zou"> Jing Zou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yilin%20Tian"> Yilin Tian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advancement of the reform of China’s housing security system, the impact is becoming increasingly profound. This paper explores the relationship between the housing security system and household entrepreneurship on the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) and conducts a large number of robustness checks, including PSM and IV estimation. The results show that the assistance of the housing security system will significantly promote family entrepreneurship, increasing the probability of entrepreneurship by 2%. Its internal mechanism is mainly achieved by relaxing liquidity constraints and increasing household social capital. However, the risk preference effect has not existed. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive impact of the housing security system on family entrepreneurship is mainly reflected in areas with high housing prices and incomes, as well as households with long-term security and social or commercial insurance. Meanwhile, it also verifies that the positive externalities of the housing security system will also positively affect active entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial intensity, and entrepreneurial innovation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20housing%20security%20system" title="the housing security system">the housing security system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20entrepreneurship" title=" household entrepreneurship"> household entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity%20constraints" title=" liquidity constraints"> liquidity constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20preference" title=" risk preference"> risk preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169555/housing-security-system-and-household-entrepreneurship-evidence-from-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3188</span> The Pricing-Out Phenomenon in the U.S. Housing Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Berald">Francesco Berald</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunhui%20Zhao"> Yunhui Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic further extended the multi-year housing boom in advanced economies and emerging markets alike against massive monetary easing during the pandemic. In this paper, we analyze the pricing-out phenomenon in the U.S. residential housing market due to higher house prices associated with monetary easing. We first set up a stylized general equilibrium model and show that although monetary easing decreases the mortgage payment burden, it would raise house prices and lower housing affordability for first-time homebuyers (through the initial housing wealth channel and the liquidity constraint channel that increases repeat buyers’ housing demand), and increase housing wealth inequality between first-time and repeat homebuyers. We then use the U.S. household-level data to quantify the effect of the house price change on housing affordability relative to that of the interest rate change. We find evidence of the pricing-out effect for all homebuyers; moreover, we find that the pricing-out effect is stronger for first-time homebuyers than for repeat homebuyers. The paper highlights the importance of accounting for general equilibrium effects and distributional implications of monetary policy while assessing housing affordability. It also calls for complementing monetary easing with well-targeted policy measures that can boost housing affordability, particularly for first-time and lower-income households. Such measures are also needed during aggressive monetary tightening, given that the fall in house prices may be insufficient or too slow to fully offset the immediate adverse impact of higher rates on housing affordability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pricing-out" title="pricing-out">pricing-out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.S.%20housing%20market" title=" U.S. housing market"> U.S. housing market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20affordability" title=" housing affordability"> housing affordability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributional%20effects" title=" distributional effects"> distributional effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monetary%20policy" title=" monetary policy"> monetary policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186642/the-pricing-out-phenomenon-in-the-us-housing-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20housing&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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