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<li id="toc-Juigalpa_and_Managua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juigalpa_and_Managua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Juigalpa and Managua </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juigalpa_and_Managua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_political_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early political activity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imprisonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imprisonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Imprisonment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imprisonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exile_in_Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exile_in_Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Exile in Cuba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exile_in_Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sectional_division_within_the_FSLN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectional_division_within_the_FSLN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Sectional division within the FSLN </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectional_division_within_the_FSLN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Marriage and family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sandinista_revolution_and_first_presidency_(1979–1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sandinista_revolution_and_first_presidency_(1979–1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sandinista revolution and first presidency (1979–1990) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sandinista_revolution_and_first_presidency_(1979–1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_opposition_(1990–2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_opposition_(1990–2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 In opposition (1990–2007) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_opposition_(1990–2007)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle In opposition (1990–2007) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-In_opposition_(1990–2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2001_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2001 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2006 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_presidency_(2007–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_presidency_(2007–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Second presidency (2007–present) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Second_presidency_(2007–present)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Second presidency (2007–present) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Second_presidency_(2007–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2008 elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 2011 election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 2016 elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Response to the COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–2022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–2022_Nicaraguan_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–2022_Nicaraguan_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Term_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Term_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Term extension </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Term_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Environmental policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_sanctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_sanctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 International sanctions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_sanctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9.2 Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Electoral history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Electoral history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1984_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 1984 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 1990 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 1996 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 2001 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 2006 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 2011 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 2016 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_general_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 2021 general election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_and_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_and_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Criticisms and concerns </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticisms_and_concerns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticisms and concerns subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_and_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sexual_abuse_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexual_abuse_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Sexual abuse allegations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexual_abuse_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Foreign honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Daniel Ortega</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7" title="دانييل أورتيغا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دانييل أورتيغا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Orteqa" title="Daniel Orteqa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daniel Orteqa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE" title="দানিয়েল ওর্তেগা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দানিয়েল ওর্তেগা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Даниэль Ортега – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Даниэль Ортега" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Даніэль Артэга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даніэль Артэга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Даніель Артэга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Даніель Артэга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Даниел Ортега – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Даниел Ортега" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra" title="José Daniel Ortega Saavedra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="José Daniel Ortega Saavedra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%BB_%CE%9F%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1" title="Ντανιέλ Ορτέγα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντανιέλ Ορτέγα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="دانیل اورتگا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانیل اورتگا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%97%98_%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C%EA%B0%80" title="다니엘 오르테가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다니엘 오르테가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%AC_%D5%95%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A1" title="Դանիել Օրտեգա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դանիել Օրտեգա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="डैनियल ऑर्टेगा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डैनियल ऑर्टेगा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ортега, Даниэль – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ортега, Даниэль" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%92%D7%94" title="דניאל אורטגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דניאל אורטגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%90" title="დანიელ ორტეგა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დანიელ ორტეგა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danjels_Ortega" title="Danjels Ortega – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Danjels Ortega" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Даниел Ортега – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Даниел Ортега" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%92%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%97" title="ഡാനിയൽ ഒർട്ടേഗ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡാനിയൽ ഒർട്ടേഗ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="दानियेल ओर्तेगा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दानियेल ओर्तेगा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="دانييل اورتيجا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دانييل اورتيجا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="دانیل اورتگا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دانیل اورتگا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%AC" title="ダニエル・オルテガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダニエル・オルテガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE" title="ਡੈਨੀਅਲ ਓਰਟੇਗਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੈਨੀਅਲ ਓਰਟੇਗਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%90%DA%AB%D8%A7" title="ډانیل اورتېګا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډانیل اورتېګا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Ортега, Даниэль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ортега, Даниэль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE" title="डानियेल् ओरटेगा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="डानियेल् ओरटेगा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Данијел Ортега – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Данијел Ортега" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="தானியேல் ஒர்ட்டேகா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தானியேல் ஒர்ட்டேகா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ดานิเอล ออร์เตกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดานิเอล ออร์เตกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Данієль Ортега Сааведра – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Данієль Ортега Сааведра" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="丹尼尔·奥尔特加 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="丹尼尔·奥尔特加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Daniel Ortega" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%A7%E8%92%82%E5%98%89" title="丹尼爾奧蒂嘉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="丹尼爾奧蒂嘉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielios_Ortega" title="Danielios Ortega – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Danielios Ortega" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="丹尼尔·奥尔特加 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丹尼尔·奥尔特加" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is Ortega and the second or maternal family name is Saavedra.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Daniel Ortega</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="468" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Ortega in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Co-President of Nicaragua</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 10 January 2007<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> since 30 January 2025</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nicaragua" title="Vice President of Nicaragua">Vice President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Morales_Carazo" title="Jaime Morales Carazo">Jaime Morales Carazo</a> (2007–2012) <a href="/wiki/Moises_Omar_Halleslevens_Acevedo" title="Moises Omar Halleslevens Acevedo">Omar Halleslevens</a> (2012–2017) Rosario Murillo (2017–2025)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sergio Ramírez">Sergio Ramírez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as Coordinator of the JNR)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Coordinator of the <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Urcuyo" title="Francisco Urcuyo">Francisco Urcuyo</a> (as Acting President)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as President)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Nicaragua" title="First Lady of Nicaragua">First Gentleman of Nicaragua</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender">Current</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed role 30 January 2025<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with Rosario Murillo</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself, Rosario Murillo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Rosario Murillo (as sole First Lady)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">José Daniel Ortega Saavedra</div> (1945-11-11) 11 November 1945 (age 79) <a href="/wiki/La_Libertad,_Chontales" class="mw-redirect" title="La Libertad, Chontales">La Libertad, Chontales</a>, Nicaragua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">FSLN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1979)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">8 (7 with Rosario Murillo and 1 with Leticia Herrera)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberto_Ortega" title="Humberto Ortega">Humberto Ortega</a> (brother) <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Ortega" title="Camilo Ortega">Camilo Ortega</a> (brother) <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Blandino" title="Xiomara Blandino">Xiomara Blandino</a> (daughter-in-law)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Gaddafi_International_Prize_for_Human_Rights" title="Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights">Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Ortega's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg/128px-Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg/192px-Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg/256px-Daniel_Ortega_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="88" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_FSLN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="498" /> <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">FSLN</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan Army">Nicaraguan Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1963–1990</li> <li>2007–present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg/20px-11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg/30px-11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg/40px-11-Nicaragua_Army-MAJ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="468" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> José Daniel Ortega Saavedra (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɔːrˈteɪɡə/</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[daˈnjel oɾˈteɣa]</a>; born 11 November 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician and <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> who has been the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">co-president of Nicaragua</a> since 30 January 2025, alongside his wife <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a>. He was the 54th and 58th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">president of Nicaragua</a> from 1985 to 1990 and from 2007 to 2025. He previously led <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> as the first Coordinator of the <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a> from 1979 to 1985. Ortega came to prominence with the overthrow and exile of US-backed dictator <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a> in 1979 during the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a>. As a leader in the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) Ortega became leader of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a>. A Marxist–Leninist, Ortega pursued a program of nationalization, <a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">land reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wealth_redistribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth redistribution">wealth redistribution</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Literacy_Campaign" title="Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign">literacy programs</a> during his first period in office. Ortega's government was responsible for the forced displacement of 10,000 indigenous people. <a href="/wiki/1984_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1984 Nicaraguan general election">In 1984</a>, Ortega won Nicaragua's first ever free and fair presidential election with over 60% of the vote as the FSLN's candidate.<a href="#cite_note-:1122-4">[4]</a> During his first term, he implemented policies to achieve <a href="/wiki/Leftist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist">leftist</a> reforms across Nicaragua. Throughout the 1980s, Ortega's government faced a rebellion by US-backed rebels, known as the <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a>. The US also sought to place economic pressure on the Sandinista government, imposing a full trade embargo,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and planting underwater mines in Nicaragua's ports.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] After a presidency marred by conflict and economic collapse, Ortega was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1990 Nicaraguan general election">1990 Nicaraguan general election</a> by <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a>. Ortega was an unsuccessful presidential candidate in 1996 and 2001 but won the <a href="/wiki/2006_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2006 Nicaraguan general election">2006 Nicaraguan general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In office, he allied with fellow Latin American socialists. In contrast to his previous political career, his second administration abandoned (reinforcing) most of his earlier leftist principles, becoming increasingly anti-democratic and pro-business, alienating many of his former revolutionary allies.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In June 2018, organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> reported that Ortega had engaged in a violent oppression campaign against <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Daniel_Ortega" title="Protests against Daniel Ortega">anti-government protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The violent crackdown and subsequent constriction of civil liberties have led to waves of emigration to neighboring <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, with more than 30,000 Nicaraguans filing for asylum in that country.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> His government jailed many potential rival candidates in the <a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021 Nicaraguan general election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cristiana_Chamorro_Barrios" title="Cristiana Chamorro Barrios">Cristiana Chamorro Barrios</a>. Ortega's government also imprisoned other opponents, such as former allies <a href="/wiki/Dora_Mar%C3%ADa_T%C3%A9llez" title="Dora María Téllez">Dora María Téllez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Torres_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Hugo Torres Jiménez">Hugo Torres Jiménez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nation100821-15">[15]</a> In August 2021, Nicaragua cancelled the operating permits of six US and European NGOs.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Many critics of the Ortega government, including opposition leaders, journalists and members of civil society, fled the country in mid-2021.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> After Ortega was re-elected in 2021, United States President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> banned him and his officials from entering the United States.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In his fourth term, Ortega ordered the closure of several <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGOs</a>, universities, and newspapers,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> and resumed his repression of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> after a brief rapprochement,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> imprisoning <a href="/wiki/Prelate" title="Prelate">prelate</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolando_Jos%C3%A9_%C3%81lvarez_Lagos" title="Rolando José Álvarez Lagos">Rolando José Álvarez Lagos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_childhood">Early childhood</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early childhood">edit</a>]</div> Ortega was born in <a href="/wiki/La_Libertad,_Nicaragua" title="La Libertad, Nicaragua">La Libertad</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chontales_Department" title="Chontales Department">Chontales Department</a>, Nicaragua,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> into a working-class family. His parents, Daniel Ortega Cerda and Lidia Saavedra, were opposed to the regime of <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a>. Ortega's mother was imprisoned by Somoza's <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Nicaragua)" title="National Guard (Nicaragua)">National Guard</a> for being in possession of "love letters", which police said were coded political missives. Ortega and his two brothers grew up to become revolutionaries. His late brother <a href="/wiki/Humberto_Ortega" title="Humberto Ortega">Humberto Ortega</a> was a former <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">general</a>, military leader, and published writer, and the third brother <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Ortega" title="Camilo Ortega">Camilo Ortega</a> died fighting the Somoza regime in 1978. They had a sister, Germania, who died.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juigalpa_and_Managua">Juigalpa and Managua</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Juigalpa and Managua">edit</a>]</div> Seeking stable employment, the family migrated from <a href="/wiki/La_Libertad,_Chontales" class="mw-redirect" title="La Libertad, Chontales">La Libertad</a> to the provincial capital of <a href="/wiki/Juigalpa,_Chontales" title="Juigalpa, Chontales">Juigalpa</a>, and then to a middle-class neighborhood in <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991186-27">[27]</a> In Managua, Ortega and his brother studied at the upper-middle class high school, the LaSalle Institute, where Ortega was classmates with <a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Aleman</a>, who would go on to be mayor of Managua (1990–1995) and later President of Nicaragua (1997–2002). Ortega's father Daniel Ortega Cedra detested US military intervention in Nicaragua and Washington's support for the <a href="/wiki/Somoza_family" title="Somoza family">Somoza</a> government. He imparted this <a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-American sentiment">anti-American sentiment</a> to his sons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991186-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_activity">Early political activity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early political activity">edit</a>]</div> From an early age, Ortega opposed Nicaragua's president <a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a>, and became involved in the underground movement against his government. Ortega and his brother Humberto formed the Insurrectionist, or Tercerista (Third Way) faction, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a>. After the overthrow and exile of Somoza Debayle's government, Ortega became leader of the ruling multi-partisan Junta of National Reconstruction. Ortega was first arrested for political activities at the age of 15,<a href="#cite_note-RT-28">[28]</a> and quickly joined the then-underground <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a> (FSLN) in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-LP-29">[29]</a> In 1964, Ortega travelled to <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, where the police arrested him and turned him over to the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan National Guard">Nicaraguan National Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991187-30">[30]</a> After his release from detainment, Ortega arranged the assassination of his torturer, Guardsman Gonzalo Lacayo, in August 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991187-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imprisonment">Imprisonment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Imprisonment">edit</a>]</div> He was imprisoned in 1967 for taking part in <a href="/wiki/Bank_robbery" title="Bank robbery">armed robbery</a> of a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>. He told collaborators that they should be killed if they did not take part in the robbery.<a href="#cite_note-LO-31">[31]</a> Ortega was released in late 1974, along with other Sandinista prisoners, in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Somocista" class="mw-redirect" title="Somocista">Somocista</a> hostages. While imprisoned at the El Modelo jail, just outside <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, Ortega wrote poems, one of which he titled "I Never Saw Managua When Miniskirts Were in Fashion".<a href="#cite_note-LO-31">[31]</a> During his imprisonment, Ortega was tortured.<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> While he was incarcerated at El Modelo, his mother helped stage protests and hunger strikes for political prisoners; this resulted in improving the treatment of incarcerated Sandinistas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991188-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exile_in_Cuba">Exile in Cuba</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exile in Cuba">edit</a>]</div> Upon release in 1974, Ortega was exiled to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. There he received training in <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> from Fidel Castro's <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist">Marxist–Leninist</a> government. He later returned secretly to Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectional_division_within_the_FSLN">Sectional division within the FSLN</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sectional division within the FSLN">edit</a>]</div> In the late 1970s, divisions over the FSLN's campaign against Somoza led Ortega and his brother Humberto to form the Insurrectionist, or Tercerista (Third Way) faction.<a href="#cite_note-:72-35">[35]</a> The Terceristas sought to combine the distinct <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla war">guerrilla war</a> strategies of the two other factions, <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Borge" title="Tomás Borge">Tomás Borge</a>'s Guerra Prolongada Popular (GPP, or <a href="/wiki/Prolonged_People%27s_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolonged People's War">Prolonged People's War</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Wheelock" title="Jaime Wheelock">Jaime Wheelock's</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front#Split_(1977–1978)" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Proletarian Tendency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNPostCollapse-36">[36]</a> The Ortega brothers forged alliances with a wide array of anti-Somoza forces, including <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> activists, and other non-<a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> civil society groups.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011258-37">[37]</a> The Terceristas became the most effective faction in wielding political and military strength, and their push for FSLN solidarity received the support of revolutionary leaders such as <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNPostCollapse-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marriage and family">edit</a>]</div> Ortega married <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> in 1979 in a secret ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-RT-28">[28]</a> They moved to <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> with her three children from a previous marriage.<a href="#cite_note-LO-31">[31]</a> Ortega remarried Murillo in 2005 in order to have the marriage recognized by the Catholic Church, as part of his effort to reconcile with the church. The couple has eight children,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> three of them together.<a href="#cite_note-RT-28">[28]</a> Murillo serves as the Ortega government's spokeswoman and a government minister, among other positions.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ortega adopted stepdaughter <a href="/wiki/Zoilam%C3%A9rica_Narv%C3%A1ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoilamérica Narváez">Zoilamérica Ortega Murillo</a> in 1986, through a court case.<a href="#cite_note-envio1567-41">[41]</a> In 1998, she accused him of sexually abusing her as a child.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-GUARD16-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sandinista_revolution_and_first_presidency_(1979–1990)">Sandinista revolution and first presidency (1979–1990)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sandinista revolution and first presidency (1979–1990)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp/261px-Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp.png" decoding="async" width="261" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp/392px-Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp/522px-Nicaragua_inflation_rate_1980-1993.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1505" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Nicaragua inflation rate 1980–1993</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nicaragua" title="Politics of Nicaragua">Politics of Nicaragua</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nicaragua" title="Constitution of Nicaragua">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nicaragua" title="Abortion in Nicaragua">Abortion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nicaragua">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President</a> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Nicaragua" title="Vice President of Nicaragua">Vice President</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Nicaragua" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of Nicaragua">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Porras_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Gustavo Porras Cortés">Gustavo Porras Cortés</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Nicaragua">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Nicaragua" title="Departments of Nicaragua">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nicaragua" title="Municipalities of Nicaragua">Municipalities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nicaragua" title="Elections in Nicaragua">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2016_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2016 Nicaraguan general election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2026_Nicaraguan_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2026 Nicaraguan general election">2026</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nicaragua" title="List of political parties in Nicaragua">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Ministry of Foreign Affairs <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Nicaragua)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Nicaragua)">Minister</a>: Denis Moncada Colindres</dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Nicaragua" title="List of diplomatic missions of Nicaragua">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Nicaragua" title="List of diplomatic missions in Nicaragua">in Nicaragua</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_passport" title="Nicaraguan passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Nicaraguan_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Nicaraguan citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Nicaragua" title="Visa policy of Nicaragua">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Nicaragua" title="Portal:Nicaragua">Nicaragua portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Nicaragua"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For more details on Ortega's past presidency, see <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a>.</div> When Somoza was overthrown by the FSLN in July 1979, Ortega became a member of the five-person <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a>, which included Sandinista militant <a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Hassan" title="Moisés Hassan">Moisés Hassan</a>, novelist <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sergio Ramírez">Sergio Ramírez</a>, businessman <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Robelo" title="Alfonso Robelo">Alfonso Robelo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Barrios_de_Chamorro" class="mw-redirect" title="Violeta Barrios de Chamorro">Violeta Barrios de Chamorro</a>, the widow of a murdered journalist. In September 1979, United States President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> hosted Ortega at the White House, and warned him against arming other Central American leftist guerrilla movements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer199180-44">[44]</a> At the time, Ortega spoke truthfully when he denied Sandinista involvement in neighboring countries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer199180-44">[44]</a> When Ortega questioned the Americans about <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> support for anti-Sandinista groups, Carter and Deputy Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a> said the reports were false.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer199180-44">[44]</a> After the meeting, Carter asked Congress for $75 million in aid to Nicaragua, contingent on the Sandinista government's promise not to aid other guerrillas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer199181-45">[45]</a> The FSLN came to dominate the junta, Robelo and Chamorro resigned, and in 1981 Ortega became the coordinator of the Junta.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> As the only member of the FSLN National Directorate in the Junta, he was the effective leader of the country. After attaining power, the FSLN embarked upon an ambitious programme of social reform. They arranged to redistribute 20,000 square kilometres (5 million acres) of land to about 100,000 families; launched a literacy drive, and made health care improvements that ended polio through mass vaccinations, and reduced the frequency of other treatable diseases.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The Sandinista nationalization efforts affected mostly banks and industries owned by the extended Somoza family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011263-48">[48]</a> More than half of all farms, businesses, and industries remained in private hands. The revolutionary government wanted to preserve a mixed economy and support private sector investment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011263-48">[48]</a> The Superior Council of Private Enterprise (COSEP) opposed the Sandinistas' economic reform.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011264-49">[49]</a> The main organization of Nicaraguan big business was composed of prosperous families from the Pacific coast cities, who dominated commerce and banking.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Ortega took a very hard line against opposition to his policies: On 21 February 1981, the Sandinista army killed 7 <a href="/wiki/Miskito_people" title="Miskito people">Miskito</a> Indians and wounded 17.<a href="#cite_note-OAS-51">[51]</a> Ortega's administration forced displacement of many of the indigenous population: 10,000 individuals had been moved by 1982.<a href="#cite_note-OAS-51">[51]</a> Thousands of Indians fled to take refuge across the border in <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, and Ortega's government imprisoned 14,000 in Nicaragua. <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">Anthropologist</a> Gilles Bataillon termed this "politics of ethnocide" in Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The Indians formed two rebel groups – the Misura and Misurasata. They were joined in the north by Nicaraguan Democratic Force (FDN) and in the south by former Sandinistas and peasantry who, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ed%C3%A9n_Pastora" title="Edén Pastora">Edén Pastora</a>, were resisting forced collectivization.<a href="#cite_note-OAS-51">[51]</a> In 1980 the Sandinista government launched the massive <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Literacy_Campaign" title="Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign">Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign</a> and said the illiteracy rate fell from 50% to 13% in the span of five months. Robert F. Arnove said the figures were excessive because many "unteachable" illiterates were omitted from the statistics, and many people declared literate were found to be unable to read or write a simple sentence. Richard Kraft said that even if the figures were exaggerated, the "accomplishment is without precedent in educational history". In 1980, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> awarded Nicaragua the Nadezhda K. Krupskaya prize in recognition of its efforts.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. Specifically states "The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the EFA Global Monitoring Report or to UNESCO" (September 2016)">unreliable source?</a>] The FSLN also focused on improving the Nicaraguan health system, particularly through vaccination campaigns and the construction of public hospitals. These actions reduced child mortality by half,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> to 40 deaths per thousand.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> By 1982, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> deemed Nicaragua a model for primary health care.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011264-49">[49]</a> During this period, Nicaragua won the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> prize for exceptional health progress.<a href="#cite_note-nation100821-15">[15]</a> In 1981, United States President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> accused the FSLN of joining with <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a>-backed <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> in supporting <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxist</a> revolutionary movements in other Latin American countries, such as <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>. People within the Reagan administration authorized the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> to begin financing, arming and training rebels as anti-Sandinista guerrillas, some of whom were former officers from Somoza's National Guard. These were known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a>. This resulted in one of the largest political scandals in US history, (the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a>). <a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a> and several members of the Reagan administration defied the <a href="/wiki/Boland_Amendment" title="Boland Amendment">Boland Amendment</a>, selling arms to <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and using the proceeds in order to secretly fund the Contras. The Contra war claimed 30,000 lives in Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The tactics used by the Sandinista government to fight the Contras have been widely condemned for their suppression of civil rights. On 15 March 1982, the junta declared a state of siege, which allowed it to close independent radio stations, suspend the right of association, and limit the freedom of trade unions. Nicaragua's Permanent Commission on Human Rights condemned Sandinista human rights violations, accusing them of killing and forcibly disappearing thousands of persons in the first few years of the war.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro,_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg/220px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg/330px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg/440px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_junto_a_Fidel_Castro%2C_Daniel_Ortega_y_Alfonso_Guerra_en_el_palacio_de_la_Moncloa._Pool_Moncloa._16_de_febrero_de_1984.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption> Ortega (far right) with Spanish Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, Cuban President <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> and Spanish Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Guerra" title="Alfonso Guerra">Alfonso Guerra</a> in Madrid, 1984</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/1984_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1984 Nicaraguan general election">1984 general election</a> Ortega won the presidency with 67% of the vote and took office on 10 January 1985. In the early phases of the campaign, Ortega enjoyed many institutional advantages, and used the full power of the press, police, and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Electoral_Council_(Nicaragua)" title="Supreme Electoral Council (Nicaragua)">Supreme Electoral Council</a> against the fractured opposition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991242-59">[59]</a> In the weeks before the November election, Ortega gave a U.N. speech denouncing talks held in Rio de Janeiro on electoral reform.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991244-60">[60]</a> But by 22 October, the Sandinistas signed an accord with opposition parties to reform electoral and campaign laws, making the process more fair and transparent.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> While campaigning, Ortega promoted the Sandinistas' achievements, and at a rally said that "Democracy is literacy, democracy is land reform, democracy is education and public health."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991246-62">[62]</a> International observers judged the election to be the first free election held in the country in more than half a century. A report by an <a href="/wiki/Irish_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish government">Irish governmentary</a> delegation stated: "The electoral process was carried out with total integrity. The seven parties participating in the elections represented a broad spectrum of political ideologies." The general counsel of New York's <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a> described the election as "free, fair and hotly contested". A study by the US <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Studies_Association" title="Latin American Studies Association">Latin American Studies Association</a> (LASA) concluded that the FSLN (Sandinista Front) "did little more to take advantage of its incumbency than incumbent parties everywhere (including the U.S.) routinely do". However, the Reagan administration described the elections as "a Soviet-style sham", and contemporary North-American press coverage tended to cast doubt on the election's legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg/220px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg/330px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg/440px-Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_comparece_en_rueda_de_prensa_con_el_presidente_de_Nicaragua._Pool_Moncloa._26_de_abril_de_1989.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1665" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Ortega and Spanish Prime Minister Felipe González in 1989</figcaption></figure> Thirty-three per cent of the Nicaraguan voters cast ballots for one of six opposition parties—three to the right of the Sandinistas, three to the left—which had campaigned with the aid of government funds and free TV and radio time. Two conservative parties captured a combined 23% of the vote. They held rallies across the country (a few of which were disrupted by FSLN supporters) and blasted the Sandinistas in harsh terms. Most foreign and independent observers noted this pluralism in debunking the Reagan administration charge—ubiquitous in the <a href="/wiki/US_media" class="mw-redirect" title="US media">US media</a>—that it was a "Soviet-style sham" election.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Some[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>] opposition parties <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotted</a> the election, allegedly under pressure from US embassy officials, and so it was denounced as being unfair by the Reagan administration.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-sanctions-66">[66]</a> Reagan thus maintained that he was justified to continue supporting what he referred to as the Contras' "democratic resistance".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The illegal<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> intervention of the Contras continued (albeit covertly) after Ortega's democratic election. Peace talks between five Central American heads of state in July 1987 led to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Peace_Accords" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American Peace Accords">Central American Peace Accords</a>, and the beginning of a roadmap to the end of the conflict. In 1988, the Contras first entered into peace talks with the Sandinista government, although the violence continued, as did their US support. Despite US opposition,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> disarmament of the Contras began in 1989. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_opposition_(1990–2007)">In opposition (1990–2007)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In opposition (1990–2007)">edit</a>]</div> In the 1990 presidential election, Ortega lost his reelection bid to <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Barrios_de_Chamorro" class="mw-redirect" title="Violeta Barrios de Chamorro">Violeta Barrios de Chamorro</a>, his former colleague in the junta. Chamorro was supported by the US and a 14-party anti-Sandinista alliance known as the <a href="/wiki/National_Opposition_Union_(Nicaragua,_1990)" title="National Opposition Union (Nicaragua, 1990)">National Opposition Union</a> (Unión Nacional Oppositora, UNO), an alliance that ranged from conservatives and liberals to communists. She ran an effective campaign, presenting herself as the peace candidate and promising to end the US-funded Contra War if she won.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Ortega campaigned on the slogan, "Everything Will Be Better", and promised that, with the Contra war over, he could focus on the nation's recovery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991389-71">[71]</a> Contrary to what most observers expected,<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Chamorro shocked Ortega and won the election. Chamorro's UNO coalition garnered 54% of the vote, and won 51 of the 92 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Immediately after the loss, the Sandinistas tried to maintain unity around their revolutionary posture. In Ortega's concession speech the following day he vowed to keep "ruling from below" a reference to the power that the FSLN still wielded in various sectors. He also stressed his belief that the Sandinistas had the goal of bringing "dignity" to Latin America, and not necessarily to hold on to government posts. In 1991, Ortega said elections were "an instrument to reaffirm" the FSLN's "political and ideological positions", and also "confront capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201270-74">[74]</a> However, the electoral loss led to pronounced divisions in the FSLN. Some members adopted more pragmatic positions, and sought to transform the FSLN into a modern social democratic party engaged in national reconciliation and class cooperation. Ortega and other party insiders found common ground with the radicals, who still promoted anti-imperialism and class conflict to achieve social change.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNPostCollapse-36">[36]</a> Possible explanations for his loss include that the Nicaraguan people were disenchanted with the Ortega government as well as the fact that already in November 1989, the White House had announced that the economic embargo against Nicaragua would continue unless <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a> won.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Also, there had been reports of intimidation from the side of the contras,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> with a Canadian observer mission stating that 42 people were killed by the contras in "election violence" in October 1989.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> This led many commentators to assume that Nicaraguans voted against the Sandinistas out of fear of a continuation of the contra war and economic deprivation.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> From 19 to 21 July 1991, the FSLN held a National Congress to mend the rifts between members and form a new overarching political program. The effort failed to unite the party, and intense debates over the internal governance of the FSLN continued. The pragmatists, led by the former vice president <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Sergio Ramírez">Sergio Ramirez</a>, formed the basis of a "renovating" faction, and supported collaboration with other political forces to preserve the rule of law in Nicaragua. Under the leadership of Ortega and <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Borge" title="Tomás Borge">Tomás Borge</a>, the radicals regrouped into the "principled" faction, and branded themselves the Izquierda Democratica (ID), or Democratic Left (DL).<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> The DL fought the <a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Chamorro</a> government with disruptive labor strikes and demonstrations, and renewed calls for the revolutionary reconstruction of Nicaraguan society.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011276-80">[80]</a> During the 20–23 May 1994, extraordinary congress, Ortega ran against a fellow National Directorate member, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ruiz" title="Henry Ruiz">Henry Ruiz</a>, for the position of party secretary-general. Ortega was elected with 287 to Ruiz's 147 votes, and the DL secured the most dominant role in the FSLN.<a href="#cite_note-MiP35-81">[81]</a> On 9 September 1994, Ortega gained more power after taking over Sergio Ramirez's seat in the Asamblea Sandinista (Sandinista Assembly).<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> Ramirez had been chief of the FSLN's parliamentary caucus since 1990, but Ortega came to oppose his actions in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a>, setting the stage for Ramirez's removal. Historic leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Cardenal" title="Ernesto Cardenal">Ernesto Cardenal</a>, a former minister of culture in the Sandinista government, rejected Ortega's consolidation of power: "My resignation from the FSLN has been caused by the kidnapping of the party carried out by Daniel Ortega and the group he heads."<a href="#cite_note-MiP35-81">[81]</a> The party formally split on 8 January 1995, when Ramirez and a number of prominent Sandinista officials quit.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> Ortega ran for election again, in October 1996 and November 2001, but lost on both occasions to <a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Alemán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a>, respectively. In these elections, a key issue was the allegation of corruption. In Ortega's last days as president, through a series of legislative acts known as "The <a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1ata" title="Piñata">Piñata</a>", estates that had been seized by the Sandinista government (some valued at millions and even billions of US dollars) became the private property of various FSLN officials, including Ortega himself.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In the 1996 campaign, Ortega faced the Liberal Alliance (Alianza Liberal), headed by <a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Aleman Lacayo</a>, a former mayor of Managua. The Sandinistas softened their anti-imperialist rhetoric, with Ortega calling the US "our great neighbor", and vowing to cooperate "within a framework of respect, equality, and justice". The image change failed, as Aleman's Liberal Alliance came first with 51.03% of the vote, while Ortega's FSLN secured 37.75%.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201272–3-83">[83]</a> Ortega's policies became more moderate during his time in opposition, and he gradually changed much of his former <a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist–Leninist">Marxist–Leninist</a> stance in favor of an agenda of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> faith has become more public in recent years as well, leading Ortega to embrace a variety of <a href="/wiki/Socially_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially conservative">socially conservative</a> policies; in 2006 the FSLN endorsed a strict law banning all <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortions</a> in Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In the run-up to the 2006 elections, Ortega displayed his ties to the Catholic Church by renewing his marriage vows before Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Obando_y_Bravo" title="Miguel Obando y Bravo">Miguel Obando y Bravo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201281-85">[85]</a> Ortega was instrumental in creating the controversial strategic pact between the FSLN and the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Liberal_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Liberal Party">Constitutional Liberal Party</a> (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC). The controversial alliance of Nicaragua's two major parties is aimed at distributing power between the PLC and FSLN, and preventing other parties from rising. After sealing the agreement in January 2000, the two parties controlled the three key institutions of the state: the Comptroller General of the Republic, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_(Nicaragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of Justice (Nicaragua)">Supreme Court</a>, and the Supreme Electoral Council.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> "El Pacto", as it is known in Nicaragua, is said to have personally benefited former presidents Ortega and Alemán greatly, while constraining then-president Bolaños. One of the key accords of the pact was to lower the ratio necessary to win a presidential election in the first round from 45% to 35%, a change in electoral law that would become decisive in Ortega's favor in the 2006 elections.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> At the Fourth Ordinary Congress of the FSLN, held 17–18 March 2002, Ortega eliminated the National Directorate (DN). Once the main collective leadership body of the party, with nine members, the DN no longer met routinely, and only three historic members remained. Instead, the body just supported decisions already made by the secretary-general. Ortega sidelined party officials and other members while empowering his own informal circle, known as the ring of iron.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001_presidential_election">2001 presidential election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2001 presidential election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2001_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2001 Nicaraguan general election">2001 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> In the November 2001 general elections, Ortega lost his third successive presidential election, this time to <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a>. Under Ortega's direction, the FSLN formed the broad <a href="/wiki/National_Convergence_(Nicaragua)" title="National Convergence (Nicaragua)">National Convergence</a> (Convergencia Nacional) coalition in opposition to the PLC. Ortega abandoned the revolutionary tone of the past, and infused his campaign with religious imagery, giving thanks in speeches to "God and the Revolution" for the post-1990 democracy, and said a Sandinista victory would enable the Nicaraguan people to "pass through the sea and reach the Promised Land".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201276–7-87">[87]</a> The US opposed Ortega's candidacy from the beginning. The US ambassador even appeared with the PLC's Enrique Bolaños while distributing food aid.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks doomed Ortega's chances, as the threat of a US invasion became an issue. Bolanos convinced many Nicaraguans that the renewed US hostility towards terrorism would endanger their country if the openly anti-US Ortega prevailed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011280-89">[89]</a> Bolanos ended up with 56.3% of the vote, and Ortega won 42.3%.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_presidential_election">2006 presidential election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2006 presidential election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2006 Nicaraguan general election">2006 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> In 2006, Daniel Ortega was elected president with 38% of the vote. This occurred despite the fact that the breakaway <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Renovation_Movement" title="Sandinista Renovation Movement">Sandinista Renovation Movement</a> (MRS) continued to oppose the FSLN, running former Mayor of Managua, <a href="/wiki/Herty_Lewites" title="Herty Lewites">Herty Lewites</a> as its candidate for president. Ortega personally attacked <a href="/wiki/Herty_Lewites" title="Herty Lewites">Lewites</a>' Jewish background, compared him to Judas, and warned he "could end up hanged."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201283-91">[91]</a> However, Lewites died several months before the elections. Ortega emphasized peace and reconciliation in his campaign, and selected a former Contra leader, <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Morales_Carazo" title="Jaime Morales Carazo">Jaime Morales Carazo</a>, as his running mate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeFronzo2011281-92">[92]</a> The FSLN also won 38 seats in the congressional elections, becoming the party with the largest representation in parliament. The split in the Constitutionalist Liberal Party helped allow the FSLN to become the largest party in Congress; however, the Sandinista vote had a minuscule split between the FSLN and MRS, and that the liberal party combined is larger than the Frente Faction. In 2010, several liberal congressmen accused the FSLN of attempting to buy votes to pass constitutional reforms that would allow Ortega to run for office for the 6th time since 1984.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_presidency_(2007–present)">Second presidency (2007–present)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Second presidency (2007–present)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #DEDEDE;">Presidential styles of Daniel Ortega</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Daniel Ortega, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua Daniel Ortega, President of the Republic of Nicaragua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data">Presidente Ortega President Ortega</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative style</th><td class="infobox-data">Señor Presidente Mister President</td></tr></tbody></table> According to Tim Rogers, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, during his second term as president, Ortega took "full control of all four branches of government, state institutions, the military, and police", and in the process dismantled "Nicaragua's institutional democracy".<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a> Frances Robles wrote that Ortega took control "every aspect of government ... the National Assembly, the Supreme Court, the armed forces, the judiciary, the police and the prosecutor's office".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> In its 2019 World Report, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> wrote that Ortega "aggressively dismantled all institutional checks on presidential power".<a href="#cite_note-hrw-wr-2019-96">[96]</a> Many journalists and governments criticize Ortega and label him a <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_elections">2008 elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2008 elections">edit</a>]</div> In June 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaraguan Supreme Court">Nicaraguan Supreme Court</a> disqualified the MRS and the Conservative Party from participation in municipal elections.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In November 2008, the Supreme Electoral Council received national and international criticism following irregularities in municipal elections, but agreed to review results for Managua only, while the opposition demanded a nationwide review.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> For the first time since 1990, the Council decided not to allow national or international observers to witness the election.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Instances of intimidation, violence, and harassment of opposition political party members and NGO representatives have been recorded.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Official results show Sandinista candidates winning 94 of the 146 municipal mayoralties, compared to 46 for the main opposition Liberal Constitutional Party (PLC).<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The opposition claimed that marked ballots were dumped and destroyed, that party members were refused access to some of the vote counts and that tallies from many polling places were altered.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> As a result of the fraud allegations, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> suspended $70m of aid, and the US$64m.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> With the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">late-2000s recession</a>, Ortega in 2011 characterised <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a> as in its "death throes" and portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alternative_for_the_People_of_Our_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alternative for the People of Our America">Bolivarian Alternative for the People of Our America</a> (ALBA) was the most advanced, most Christian and fairest project.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> He also said God was punishing the United States with the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">financial crisis</a> for trying to impose its economic principles on poor countries. "It's incredible that in the most powerful country in the world, which spends billions of dollars on brutal wars ... people do not have enough money to stay in their homes."<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Before the National Sandinista Council held in September 2009, Lenin Cerna, the secretary of the party organization, called for diversifying its political strategies. He declared the FSLN's future depended on implementing new plans, "so that the party can advance via new routes and in new ways, always under Ortega's leadership". Ortega gained power over the selection of candidates, allowing him to personally choose all candidates for public office.<a href="#cite_note-FSLNAdaptation-79">[79]</a> During an interview with <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a> programme <a href="/wiki/Frost_Over_the_World" title="Frost Over the World">Frost Over the World</a> in March 2009, Ortega suggested that he would like to change the constitution to allow him to run again for president.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> In Judicial Decision 504, issued on 19 October 2009, the Supreme Court of Justice of Nicaragua declared portions of Articles 147 and 178 of the Constitution of Nicaragua inapplicable; these provisions concerned the eligibility of candidates for president, vice-president, mayor, and vice-mayor—a decision that had the effect of allowing Ortega to run for reelection in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> For this decision, the Sandinista magistrates formed the required quorum by excluding the opposition magistrates and replacing them with Sandinista substitutes, violating the Nicaraguan constitution.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Opposing parties, the church and human rights groups in Nicaragua denounced the decision.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Throughout 2010, court rulings gave Ortega greater power over judicial and civil service appointments.<a href="#cite_note-Thaler2017-117">[117]</a> While supporting <a href="/wiki/Abortion_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion rights">abortion rights</a> during his presidency during the 1980s, Ortega has since embraced the Catholic Church's position of strong opposition.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> While non-emergency <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nicaragua" title="Abortion in Nicaragua">abortions have long been illegal in Nicaragua</a>, recently even abortions "in the case where the pregnancy endangers the mother's life", otherwise known as <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic abortion">therapeutic abortions</a> have been made illegal in the days before the 2006 election, with a six-year prison term in such cases, too—a move supported by Ortega.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_election">2011 election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2011 election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2011 Nicaraguan general election">2011 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> Ortega was re-elected president with a vote on 6 November and confirmation on 16 November 2011.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> During the election, the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) blocked both domestic and international poll observers from multiple polling stations.<a href="#cite_note-Thaler2017-117">[117]</a> According to the Supreme Electoral Council, Ortega defeated <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Gadea_Mantilla" title="Fabio Gadea Mantilla">Fabio Gadea</a>, with 63% of the vote.<a href="#cite_note-Thaler2017-117">[117]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Ortega_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Daniel_Ortega_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption>Ortega in 2013</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>2014 amendments</dt></dl> In January 2014 the National Assembly, dominated by the FSLN, approved constitutional amendments that abolished term limits for the presidency and allowed a president to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. While the FSLN claimed the amendments would assure the stability Nicaragua needed to deal with long-term problems, the opposition claimed they were a threat to democracy.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The constitutional reforms also gave Ortega the sole power to appoint military and police commanders.<a href="#cite_note-Thaler2017-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_elections">2016 elections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2016 elections">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2016 Nicaraguan general election">2016 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> As of 2016, Ortega's family owns three of the nine free-to-air television channels in Nicaragua, and controls a fourth (the public Channel 6). Four of the remaining five are controlled by Mexican mogul <a href="/wiki/Remigio_%C3%81ngel_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Remigio Ángel González">Ángel González</a>, and are generally considered to be aligned with Ortega's ruling FSLN party. There are no government restrictions on Internet use; the Ortega administration attempted to gain complete control over online media in 2015, but failed due to opposition from civil society, political parties, and private organizations.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In June 2016, the Nicaraguan supreme court ruled to oust <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Montealegre" title="Eduardo Montealegre">Eduardo Montealegre</a>, the leader of the main opposition party, leaving the main opposition coalition with no means of contesting the November 2016 national elections.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In August 2016, Ortega chose his wife, <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a>, as his vice-presidential running-mate for re-election.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> According to The Washington Post, figures announced on November 7, 2016, put Daniel Ortega in line for his third consecutive term as president, also being his fourth term overall. The Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) reported Ortega and Murillo won 72.4% of the vote, with 68% turnout.<a href="#cite_note-Thaler2017-117">[117]</a> The opposition coalition had called the election a "farce" and had called for the boycott of the election. International observers were not allowed to observe the vote. Nevertheless, according to the BBC, Ortega was the most popular candidate by far, possibly due to Nicaragua's stable economic growth and lack of violence compared to its neighbours El Salvador and Honduras in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <dl><dt>Economic situation during presidency</dt></dl> According to Tim Rogers, until the 2018 unrest, as president Ortega presided over "the fastest-growing economy in Central America" and was a "poster child for foreign investment and citizen security in a region known for gangs and unrest".<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a> During this time the Ortega government formed an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Council_for_Private_Enterprise" title="Superior Council for Private Enterprise">Superior Council for Private Enterprise</a> (COSEP), Nicaragua's council of business chambers. However the same unpopular decree which "unilaterally overhauling the social-security tax system"<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a> (mentioned below) and precipitated the unrest in April 2018, also broke Ortega's arrangement with COSEP,<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a> and along with US sanctions, brought a sharp economic drop that as of mid-2020 is still "crippling" Nicaragua's economy.<a href="#cite_note-Gallón-cnn-18-6-20-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic">Response to the COVID-19 pandemic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Response to the COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua</a></div> President Ortega's government has been the target of criticism for its lack of a response to the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-CNN-4-13-2020-127">[127]</a> On 14 March 2020, Ortega's government called a massive demonstration called "Love in the Time of COVID-19" as a show of support to him and his government. This occurred in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic which had only recently been officially declared by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, as of mid-June 2020, Ortega had "refused to impose strict, preventive quarantine measures seen in neighboring countries" to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-Gallón-cnn-18-6-20-126">[126]</a> "Public schools remain open, businesses continue to operate, festivals and cultural events are happening on an almost-weekly basis." The story stated that from mid-March to mid-June six politicians had died, and, according to witnesses, their remains disposed of at night in "express burials" (with police in attendance but "no Mass, no wake and no funeral arrangements", no photographs).<a href="#cite_note-Gallón-cnn-18-6-20-126">[126]</a> The Ortega government said reports of "express burials" were "false news".<a href="#cite_note-Gallón-cnn-18-6-20-126">[126]</a> According to AP News "the government threatened to ban" professional baseball players "who refuse to play baseball ... And everyone is warned to keep quiet."<a href="#cite_note-AP-130">[130]</a> In hospitals "ruling-party activists ensure no information leaks out", and it quotes a doctor (anesthesiologist María Nela Escoto) complaining that in the public hospital where she works "everything is secret. They don't allow suggestions, and you can't question anything because they're watching. It's a very hostile environment."<a href="#cite_note-AP-130">[130]</a> (At the start of the pandemic, Ortega was out of the public eye for "more than 40 days", and no explanation was given for his absence when he returned.)<a href="#cite_note-Gallón-cnn-18-6-20-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4-13-2020-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–2022_Nicaraguan_protests">2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests</a></div> In April 2018, student protests over a nature reserve fire expanded to cover an unpopular decree that would have cut social security benefits and increased taxpayer contributions.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> The protesters were violently set upon by the state sponsored Sandinista Youth.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Despite attempts by Ortega's government to hide the incident through censorship of all private-owned news outlets, photos and videos of the violence made their way to social media where they sparked outrage and urged more Nicaraguans to join in on the protests.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Tensions escalated quickly, as police began using tear gas canisters and rubber bullets, and eventually live ammunition on unarmed protesters.<a href="#cite_note-the_Miami_Herald-135">[135]</a> Authorities were also seen arming Sandinista Youth members with weapons to serve as paramilitary forces.<a href="#cite_note-the_Miami_Herald-135">[135]</a> Dozens of student protesters were subsequently killed. Despite the withdrawal of the unpopular decree, the <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">protests continue</a>, with most protesters demanding Ortega's and his cabinet's resignations.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> On 30 May 2018, Nicaragua's Mother's Day, over 300,000 people marched to honor the mothers of students killed in the preceding protests. Despite the attendance of children, mothers and retirees, and lack of any violence by marchers, marchers were attacked in an event dubbed the "Mother's Day Massacre".<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> 16 were killed, and 88 injured, as "police sprayed the crowd with bullets, government sharpshooters positioned on the roof of the national baseball stadium went headhunting with sniper rifles".<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a> In June 2018, Tim Rogers wrote in The Atlantic magazine:<blockquote>Over the past seven weeks, Ortega's police and paramilitaries have killed more than 120 people, mostly students and other young protesters who are demanding the president's ouster and a return to democracy, according to a human-rights group [CENIDH, <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights">Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights</a>]. Police hunt students like enemy combatants. Sandinista Youth paramilitaries, armed and paid by Ortega's party, drive around in pickup trucks attacking protesters. Gangs of masked men loot and burn shops with impunity. Cops wear civilian clothing, and some paramilitaries dress in police uniforms. "This is starting to look more like Syria than Caracas," one Nicaraguan business leader told me.<a href="#cite_note-Rogers-2018-94">[94]</a></blockquote> By December 3, 22 people were dead and 565 imprisoned. Professionals involved in the protests (lawyers, engineering majors, radio broadcasters and merchants) had been reduced to lives of "ever-changing safe houses, encrypted messaging apps and pseudonyms", with the Ortega government allegedly "hunting us like deer", according to one dissident (Roberto Carlos Membreño Briceño). Human rights organization offices were raided, computers seized and observers expelled.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> Observers from the Organization of American States were expelled after releasing a critical investigative report of the government's response to the protests.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> The report found the government had progressed from "using tear gas to rubber bullets, then real bullets and finally military firepower like assault rifles and grenade launchers", based on an analysis of videos posted on social media. At least 1,400 people involved in the protests were hurt, although that the number was probably "far higher because most people were too afraid to go to public hospitals, where doctors were fired for treating wounded protesters".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> By July 2019 the international human rights organization Human Rights Watch called on the United States to impose sanctions on Ortega "and other top" Nicaraguan officials "implicated" in the crackdown on protests.<a href="#cite_note-hrw-sanctions-2019-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Term_extension">Term extension</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Term extension">edit</a>]</div> On 20 November 2024, Ortega unveiled proposals to amend the Nicaraguan constitution in order to extend his term from five years to six and have his wife and vice president <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> declared co-president.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The measures passed in a first reading at the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nicaragua)" title="National Assembly (Nicaragua)">National Assembly</a> on 22 November<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> and became official following a second reading on 30 January 2025.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Foreign policy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg/220px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg/330px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg/440px-Dmitry_Medvedev_18_December_2008-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Ortega with Russian President <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a> in Russia on 18 December 2008</figcaption></figure> Soon after the 2006 election, Ortega paid an official visit to Iran and met <a href="/wiki/Iranian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian President">Iranian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a>. Ortega told the press that the "revolutions of Iran and Nicaragua are almost twin revolutions ... since both revolutions are about justice, liberty, self-determination, and the struggle against <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>".<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On 6 March 2008, following the <a href="/wiki/2008_Andean_diplomatic_crisis" title="2008 Andean diplomatic crisis">2008 Andean diplomatic crisis</a>, Ortega announced that Nicaragua was breaking diplomatic ties with <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> "in solidarity with the <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuadorian</a> people".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Ortega also stated, "We are not breaking relations with the Colombian people. We are breaking relations with the terrorist policy practiced by <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Uribe" title="Álvaro Uribe">Álvaro Uribe</a>'s government".<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The relations were restored with the resolution at a <a href="/wiki/Rio_Group" title="Rio Group">Rio Group</a> summit held in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, on 7 March 2008. At the summit Colombia's Álvaro Uribe, Ecuador's <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Correa" title="Rafael Correa">Rafael Correa</a>, Venezuela's <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a> and Ortega publicly shook hands in a show of good-will. The handshakes, broadcast live throughout Latin America, appeared to signal that a week of military buildups and diplomatic repercussions was over. After the handshakes, Ortega said he would re-establish diplomatic ties with Colombia. Uribe then quipped that he would send him the bill for his ambassador's plane fare.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On 25 May 2008, Ortega, upon learning of the death of <a href="/wiki/FARC" class="mw-redirect" title="FARC">FARC</a> guerrilla leader <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Marulanda" title="Manuel Marulanda">Manuel Marulanda</a> in Colombia, expressed condolences to the family of Marulanda and solidarity with the FARC and called Marulanda an extraordinary fighter who battled against profound inequalities in Colombia.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> The declarations were protested by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian government">Colombian government</a> and criticized in the major Colombian media outlets.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG/220px-Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG/330px-Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG/440px-Ortega_Lula_-_ABr_28.07.20102225.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2745" /></a><figcaption>Ortega with <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">Brazilian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> at <a href="/wiki/Itamaraty_Palace" title="Itamaraty Palace">Itamaraty Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, 28 July 2010.</figcaption></figure> On 2 September 2008, during ceremonies for the 29th anniversary of the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Popular_Army" title="Sandinista Popular Army">Nicaraguan army</a>, Ortega announced that "Nicaragua recognizes the independence of <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and fully supports the <a href="/wiki/Russian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian government">Russian government</a>'s position". Ortega's decision made Nicaragua the second country (after Russia) to recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89(Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra)%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_(32074399712).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg/220px-01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg/330px-01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg/440px-01.10_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%88%87%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%A5%A7%E5%BE%B7%E5%98%89%28Jos%C3%A9_Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra%29%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E6%9C%83%E6%99%A4_%2832074399712%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Ortega with the president of the Republic of China <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a>, 10 January 2017</figcaption></figure> Under Ortega's leadership, Nicaragua joined the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas</a>. When seeking office, Ortega threatened to cut diplomatic recognition with the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, formerly Nationalist China) in order to restore relations with the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a>-based <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (as in the period from 1985 to 1990) as the legal government of China. But he did not do so. In 2007 Ortega stated that Nicaragua did not accept the <a href="/wiki/One_China_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One China Policy">One China Policy</a> of the PRC government and that Nicaragua reserved the right to maintain official diplomatic relations with the ROC. He reassured President Chen Shui Bian in 2007 that Nicaragua would not break diplomatic relations with the ROC. He explained that during the Reagan administration the United States imposed sanctions on Nicaragua. But cutting ties with Taipei was a sad and painful decision because of the friendship between Nicaragua and Taiwan's people and government. Ortega met with the ROC President <a href="/wiki/Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> in 2009 and both agreed to improve the diplomatic ties between both countries.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> However, with a trade show from China (PRC) in Managua in 2010, he is attempting a two-track policy to get benefits from both sides. In 2016 Nicaragua and China (ROC) signed an air services agreement and Ortega stated that Nicaragua's free trade deal with the ROC had benefited both nations. The ROC increased its investment in Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">unreliable source?</a>] In December 2021, Nicaragua once again switched recognition with the PRC. In September 2010, after a US report listed Nicaragua as a "major" drug-trafficking centre, with Costa Rica and Honduras, Ortega urged the US Congress and <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> to allocate more resources to assist the fight against drug trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan Civil War">Libyan Civil War</a>, Ortega was among the <a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the 2011 Libyan civil war">very few leaders</a> who spoke out in clear defense of the embattled <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> During a telephone conversation between the two, Ortega told Gaddafi that he was "waging a great battle to defend his nation"<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> and stated that "it's at difficult times that loyalty and resolve are put to the test."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Ortega has said that Assad's victory in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 election</a> is an important step to "attain peace in Syria and a clear cut evidence that the Syrian people trust their president as a national leader and support his policies which aim at maintaining Syria's sovereignty and unity".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Ortega attended the swearing-in ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a> for his second term on 10 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Max_Blumenthal" title="Max Blumenthal">Max Blumenthal</a> in August 2019, Ortega stated that he was open to the idea of <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (who had visited him in 1985) winning the US presidency <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">in 2020</a> and that Sanders's message "goes in the right direction for the U.S. to become a pole of peace, development, and cooperation".<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_policy">Environmental policy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Environmental policy">edit</a>]</div> In 2016, Daniel Ortega did not sign the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> because he felt the deal did not do enough to protect the climate, although he later changed his mind. Moreover, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> rejected projects of mining of the Canadian group B2 Gold which could represent a threat to the environment.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> According to government estimates, Nicaragua has passed from 25% renewable electricity to 52% between 2007 and 2016.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_sanctions">International sanctions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: International sanctions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (February 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> In November 2021, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> signed into law the "Reinforcing Nicaragua's Adherence to Conditions for Electoral Reform Act" (<a href="/wiki/RENACER_Act" title="RENACER Act">RENACER Act</a>) which extended US sanctions against Nicaragua and gave Biden the power to exclude Nicaragua from the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic-Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement">Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement</a> (CAFTA-DR) and to obstruct multilateral loans to Nicaragua. Venezuela and Russia condemned the new law.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> In February 2021, Ukraine's parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>, approved economic sanctions against President Ortega and his government. The sanctions were in response to Ortega sending a delegation to Russian-occupied <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> in November 2020.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electoral history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984_general_election">1984 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 1984 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1984_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1984 Nicaraguan general election">1984 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">735,967</td><td style="text-align:right">66.97</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#397a42"></td><td>Clemente Guido Chavez</td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Conservative_Party" title="Democratic Conservative Party">Democratic Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">154,327</td><td style="text-align:right">14.04</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF69B4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Godoy_Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgilio Godoy Reyes">Virgilio Godoy Reyes</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party </a></td><td style="text-align:right">105,560</td><td style="text-align:right">9.61</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E0A201"></td><td>Mauricio Díaz Dávila</td><td><a href="/wiki/Popular_Social_Christian_Party" title="Popular Social Christian Party">Popular Social Christian Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">61,199</td><td style="text-align:right">5.57</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Allan_Zambrana_Salmer%C3%B3n" title="Allan Zambrana Salmerón">Allan Zambrana Salmerón</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nicaragua" title="Communist Party of Nicaragua">Communist Party of Nicaragua</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16,034</td><td style="text-align:right">1.46</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td>Domingo Sánchez Salgado</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Socialist_Party" title="Nicaraguan Socialist Party">Nicaraguan Socialist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">14,494</td><td style="text-align:right">1.32</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Isidro_T%C3%A9llez_Toru%C3%B1o" title="Isidro Téllez Toruño">Isidro Téllez Toruño</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Popular_Action_Movement" title="Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement">Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11,352</td><td style="text-align:right">1.03</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">1,098,933</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>1,098,933</td><td>93.91</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>71,209</td><td>6.09</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>1,170,142</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>1,551,597</td><td>75.42</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990_general_election">1990 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 1990 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1990_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1990 Nicaraguan general election">1990 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1E90FF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Opposition_Union_(Nicaragua,_1990)" title="National Opposition Union (Nicaragua, 1990)">National Opposition Union</a></td><td style="text-align:right">777,552</td><td style="text-align:right">54.74</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">579,886</td><td style="text-align:right">40.82</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0262AE"></td><td>Erick Ramírez Beneventes</td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Social Christian Party (Nicaragua)">Social Christian Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">16,751</td><td style="text-align:right">1.18</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D21015"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Hass%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Moisés Hassán">Moisés Hassán</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Unity_Movement" title="Revolutionary Unity Movement">Revolutionary Unity Movement</a></td><td style="text-align:right">11,136</td><td style="text-align:right">0.78</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#D20910"></td><td>Bonifacio Miranda Bengoechea</td><td><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Revolutionary_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Workers' Revolutionary Party (Nicaragua)">Workers' Revolutionary Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,590</td><td style="text-align:right">0.60</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Isidro_T%C3%A9llez_Toru%C3%B1o" title="Isidro Téllez Toruño">Isidro Téllez Toruño</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist_Popular_Action_Movement" title="Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement">Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,115</td><td style="text-align:right">0.57</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#008E1D"></td><td>Fernando Bernabé Agüero Rocha</td><td><a href="/wiki/Social_Conservative_Party" title="Social Conservative Party">Social Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,798</td><td style="text-align:right">0.41</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#752995"></td><td>Blanca Rojas Echaverry</td><td><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Unionist_Party" title="Central American Unionist Party">Central American Unionist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,065</td><td style="text-align:right">0.36</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#397a42"></td><td>Eduardo Molina Palacios</td><td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Conservative_Party" title="Democratic Conservative Party">Democratic Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,500</td><td style="text-align:right">0.32</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#EE352F"></td><td>Rodolfo Robelo Herrera</td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_for_National_Unity" title="Independent Liberal Party for National Unity">Independent Liberal Party for National Unity</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,151</td><td style="text-align:right">0.22</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">1,420,544</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>1,420,544</td><td>94.02</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>90,294</td><td>5.98</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>1,510,838</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>1,752,088</td><td>86.23</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQEPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA198">Sarti</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996_general_election">1996 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 1996 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1996_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1996 Nicaraguan general election">1996 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Alemán</a></td><td>Liberal Alliance</td><td style="text-align:right">896,207</td><td style="text-align:right">50.99</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">664,909</td><td style="text-align:right">37.83</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00b1ec"></td><td>Guillermo Antonio Osorno Molina</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Party_of_the_Christian_Path" title="Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path">Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path</a></td><td style="text-align:right">71,908</td><td style="text-align:right">4.09</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#008000"></td><td>Noel José Vidaurre Argüello</td><td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Conservative Party (Nicaragua)">Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">39,983</td><td style="text-align:right">2.27</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#003D88"></td><td>Benjamin Ramón Lanzas Selva</td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Project_(party)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Project (party)">National Project</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9,265</td><td style="text-align:right">0.53</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF8C00"></td><td>Sergio Ramírez</td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Renovation_Movement" title="Sandinista Renovation Movement">Sandinista Renovation Movement</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,665</td><td style="text-align:right">0.44</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Francisco José Mayorga Balladares</td><td>Bread and Strength Alliance (<a href="/wiki/National_Action_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="National Action Party (Nicaragua)">PAN</a>–ASR)</td><td style="text-align:right">7,102</td><td style="text-align:right">0.40</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00951F"></td><td>Francisco José Duarte Tapia</td><td><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Action" title="National Conservative Action">National Conservative Action</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,178</td><td style="text-align:right">0.35</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#003F9D"></td><td>Edgar Enrique Quiñónes Tuckler</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Resistance_Party" title="Nicaraguan Resistance Party">Nicaraguan Resistance Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,813</td><td style="text-align:right">0.33</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Andrés Abelino Robles Pérez</td><td>Nicaraguan Workers, Peasants and Professionals Unity Party</td><td style="text-align:right">5,789</td><td style="text-align:right">0.33</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF69B4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Virgilio_Godoy" title="Virgilio Godoy">Virgilio Godoy</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,692</td><td style="text-align:right">0.32</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jorge Alberto Díaz Cruz</td><td>National Justice Party</td><td style="text-align:right">5,582</td><td style="text-align:right">0.32</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7097CD"></td><td>Alejandro Serrano Caldera</td><td><a href="/wiki/Unity_Alliance" title="Unity Alliance">Unity Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,873</td><td style="text-align:right">0.28</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%AD_Altamirano" title="Elí Altamirano">Elí Altamirano</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Nicaragua" title="Communist Party of Nicaragua">Communist Party of Nicaragua</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,802</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1c6d32"></td><td>Miriam Auxiliadora Argüello Morales</td><td><a href="/wiki/Popular_Conservative_Alliance" title="Popular Conservative Alliance">Popular Conservative Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,632</td><td style="text-align:right">0.26</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Ausberto Narváez Argüello</td><td>Liberal Unity Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,887</td><td style="text-align:right">0.22</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#A0709E"></td><td>Alfredo César Aguirre</td><td>UNO–96 Alliance (PND–MAC–<a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Democratic_Movement" title="Nicaraguan Democratic Movement">MDN</a>)</td><td style="text-align:right">3,664</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#005BA9"></td><td>Allan Antonio Tefel Alba</td><td>National Renovation Movement</td><td style="text-align:right">2,641</td><td style="text-align:right">0.15</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ED1C24"></td><td>James Odnith Webster Pitts</td><td>Democratic Action Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,895</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#752995"></td><td>Sergio Abilio Mendieta Castillo</td><td>Central American Integrationist Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,653</td><td style="text-align:right">0.09</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_Hass%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Moisés Hassán">Moisés Hassán</a></td><td>Renovating Action Movement</td><td style="text-align:right">1,393</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:red"></td><td>Gustavo Ernesto Tablada Zelaya</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Socialist_Party" title="Nicaraguan Socialist Party">Nicaraguan Socialist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,352</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Roberto Urcuyo Muñoz</td><td>Nicaraguan Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">890</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">1,757,775</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>1,757,775</td><td>95.05</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>91,587</td><td>4.95</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>1,849,362</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>2,421,067</td><td>76.39</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: Nohlen</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001_general_election">2001 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2001 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2001_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2001 Nicaraguan general election">2001 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Running mate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizo_Castell%C3%B3n" title="José Rizo Castellón">José Rizo</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,228,412</td><td style="text-align:right">56.31</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td>Agustín Jarquín</td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">922,436</td><td style="text-align:right">42.28</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#008000"></td><td>Alberto Saborío</td><td> </td><td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Conservative Party (Nicaragua)">Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">30,670</td><td style="text-align:right">1.41</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="4">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,181,518</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="6" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="4" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>2,980,641</td><td>–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="6" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enriquebolanos.org/data/docs/Eleccion%20de%20Nicaragua.pdf">IPADE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nacion.com/el-mundo/bolanos-firme-con-un-14-de-ventaja-sobre-ortega/EWIKQPORMZDM3NYYOHSXKUA6EA/story/">La Nacion</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_general_election">2006 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 2006 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2006 Nicaraguan general election">2006 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">854,316</td><td style="text-align:right">38.07</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ed1b25"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Montealegre" title="Eduardo Montealegre">Eduardo Montealegre</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Liberal_Alliance" title="Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance">Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">650,879</td><td style="text-align:right">29.00</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizo_Castell%C3%B3n" title="José Rizo Castellón">José Rizo Castellón</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">588,304</td><td style="text-align:right">26.21</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF8C00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Edmundo_Jarqu%C3%ADn" title="Edmundo Jarquín">Edmundo Jarquín</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_Renovation_Movement" title="Sandinista Renovation Movement">Sandinista Renovation Movement</a></td><td style="text-align:right">144,596</td><td style="text-align:right">6.44</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#87CEFA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Ed%C3%A9n_Pastora" title="Edén Pastora">Edén Pastora</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Change" title="Alternative for Change">Alternative for Change</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,120</td><td style="text-align:right">0.27</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,244,215</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>3,665,141</td><td>–</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2027/">IFES</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_general_election">2011 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 2011 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2011 Nicaraguan general election">2011 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,569,287</td><td style="text-align:right">62.46</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF69B4"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Gadea_Mantilla" title="Fabio Gadea Mantilla">Fabio Gadea Mantilla</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">778,889</td><td style="text-align:right">31.00</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Alemán</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">148,507</td><td style="text-align:right">5.91</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ed1b25"></td><td>Édgar Enrique Quiñónez Tuckler</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Liberal_Alliance" title="Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance">Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">10,003</td><td style="text-align:right">0.40</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#800080"></td><td>Róger Antonio Guevara Mena</td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Republic_(Nicaragua)" title="Alliance for the Republic (Nicaragua)">Alliance for the Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:right">5,898</td><td style="text-align:right">0.23</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,512,584</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111107204449/https://www.cse.gob.ni/md5/res1dipparl.php">CSE</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_general_election">2016 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 2016 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2016 Nicaraguan general election">2016 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,806,651</td><td style="text-align:right">72.44</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td>Maximino Rodríguez</td><td><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">374,898</td><td style="text-align:right">15.03</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF69B4"></td><td>José Alvarado</td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">112,562</td><td style="text-align:right">4.51</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ed1b25"></td><td>Saturnino Cerrato</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Liberal_Alliance" title="Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance">Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">107,392</td><td style="text-align:right">4.31</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#008000"></td><td>Erick Cabezas</td><td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Conservative Party (Nicaragua)">Conservative Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">57,437</td><td style="text-align:right">2.30</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#800080"></td><td>Carlos Canales</td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Republic_(Nicaragua)" title="Alliance for the Republic (Nicaragua)">Alliance for the Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:right">35,002</td><td style="text-align:right">1.40</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,493,942</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>2,493,942</td><td>96.51</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>90,246</td><td>3.49</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>2,584,188</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161114025014/http://www.cse.gob.ni/fri3/respres1.php">CSE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2665/">IFES</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021_general_election">2021 general election</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: 2021 general election">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021 Nicaraguan general election</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Candidate</th><th scope="col">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#8B0000"></td><td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">Sandinista National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,093,834</td><td style="text-align:right">75.87</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF2400"></td><td>Walter Espinoza</td><td><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalist_Liberal_Party" title="Constitutionalist Liberal Party">Constitutionalist Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">395,406</td><td style="text-align:right">14.33</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00b1ec"></td><td>Guillermo Osorno</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Party_of_the_Christian_Path" title="Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path">Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path</a></td><td style="text-align:right">89,853</td><td style="text-align:right">3.26</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ed1b25"></td><td>Marcelo Montiel</td><td><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Liberal_Alliance" title="Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance">Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance</a></td><td style="text-align:right">85,711</td><td style="text-align:right">3.11</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#800080"></td><td>Gerson Gutiérrez</td><td><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_the_Republic_(Nicaragua)" title="Alliance for the Republic (Nicaragua)">Alliance for the Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:right">48,429</td><td style="text-align:right">1.75</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF69B4"></td><td>Mauricio Orué</td><td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(Nicaragua)" title="Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua)">Independent Liberal Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">46,510</td><td style="text-align:right">1.69</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="3">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">2,759,743</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:var( --color-base, #202122 );background:var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 )"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>2,759,743</td><td>94.47</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>161,687</td><td>5.53</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>2,921,430</td><td>100.00</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>4,476,601</td><td>65.26</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/cse_nicaragua/status/1458489115129810948">CSE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/n/nicaragua/nicaragua2021.txt">adam-carr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms_and_concerns">Criticisms and concerns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Criticisms and concerns">edit</a>]</div> Ortega's second presidency has been subject to much criticism and accusations of his becoming a strongman.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">2018 protests</a> have been pointed to as being symbolic of these tensions.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In 2018, Frances Robles wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that the "many Ortega adult children manage everything from gasoline distribution to television stations" in Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-Robles-24-12-2018-95">[95]</a> In the months preceding the November <a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021 Nicaraguan general election</a>, Ortega's government arrested many prominent opposition members. As of 23 July, 26 opposition leaders have been imprisoned.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> On 24 March 2022, the ambassador <a href="/wiki/Arturo_McFields" title="Arturo McFields">Arturo McFields</a>, condemned the Ortega government and requested the release of political prisoners, alluding that the government people were "tired of dictatorship" and that it was not easy to denounce it. As a result, he was dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The American lawyer Paul Reichler also left his position as representative due to "moral conscience",<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> who felt that the president "was no longer the Daniel Ortega whom he respected so much and served with so much pride". Reichler found it inconceivable that someone like Ortega would have <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932022_Nicaraguan_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–2022 Nicaraguan protests">mercilessly suppressed peaceful demonstrations</a> and imprisoned his former colleagues in inhumane conditions, and accused him of "murdering" a general by withholding medical treatment. This figure of American origin served as Nicaragua's international legal adviser before the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a>, when Managua denounced the United States for financing the <a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">counterrevolution</a>, winning the case.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The Ortega administration also ordered the closure of the Nicaraguan Language Academy for failing to register as a "foreign agent" ratified by the Sandinista parliament with the favorable vote of 75 deputies of the ruling FSLN.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexual_abuse_allegations">Sexual abuse allegations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sexual abuse allegations">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, Daniel Ortega's adopted stepdaughter <a href="/wiki/Zoilam%C3%A9rica_Ortega_Murillo" title="Zoilamérica Ortega Murillo">Zoilamérica Narváez</a> released a 48-page report<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> in which she alleged he had <a href="/wiki/Sexually_abused" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually abused">sexually abused</a> her from 1979, when she was 12, until 1990.<a href="#cite_note-GUARD16-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-time230398-187">[187]</a> Ortega and his wife Murillo denied the allegation.<a href="#cite_note-CommandantCaudillo-188">[188]</a> The case could not proceed in Nicaraguan courts, which have been consistently allied with Ortega,<a href="#cite_note-DB13-189">[189]</a> because he had immunity from prosecution as a member of parliament,<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and the five-year <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a> for sexual abuse and rape charges had expired.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Narváez's complaint to the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Human_Rights_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Inter-American Human Rights Commission">Inter-American Human Rights Commission</a> was ruled <a href="/wiki/Admissible_evidence" title="Admissible evidence">admissible</a> on 15 October 2001.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> On 4 March 2002, the Nicaraguan government accepted the commission's recommendation of a "friendly agreement".<a href="#cite_note-envio1567-41">[41]</a> Narváez withdrew the accusations in 2008.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">why?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-CommandantCaudillo-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB13-189">[189]</a> Following the 2016 election, Narváez renewed her accusations and said that she had become an outcast in her family.<a href="#cite_note-GUARD16-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB13-189">[189]</a> In 2019 a documentary film <a href="/wiki/Exiliada" class="mw-redirect" title="Exiliada">Exiliada</a> was released which revolves around Zoilamérica Narváez and her sexual abuse allegations against Ortega.<a href="#cite_note-:1-193">[193]</a> There is also the case of Elvia Junieth who was allegedly abused by the president in 2005, and, according to the family, a girl was born from that relationship that Ortega did not recognize. Ernesto Moncada Lau, another of the assistants to the Sandinista president, appears on the birth certificate as the father of the minor.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Her brother died in the Tipitapa Model prison in November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Foreign honours">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Abkhazia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg/70px-ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg/105px-ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg/140px-ABK_Order_of_Honour_and_Glory_1st_class_ribbon_218.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Abkhazia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Abkhazia">Order of Honour and Glory, First Class</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cuba <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Ribbon_jose_marti.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ribbon_jose_marti.png/70px-Ribbon_jose_marti.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Ribbon_jose_marti.png 1.5x" data-file-width="101" data-file-height="31" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD" title="Order of José Martí">Order of José Martí</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mongolia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:OrdenSuheBator.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/OrdenSuheBator.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="29" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Sukhbaatar" title="Order of Sukhbaatar">Order of Sukhbaatar</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li></ul></li> <li>Peru <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png/70px-PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png/105px-PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png/140px-PER_Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru_-_Knight_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sun_of_Peru" title="Order of the Sun of Peru">Order of the Sun of Peru</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Orden_of_Friendship.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Orden_of_Friendship.png/70px-Orden_of_Friendship.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Orden_of_Friendship.png 1.5x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friendship" title="Order of Friendship">Order of Friendship</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Ossetia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0.png/70px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0.png 1.5x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Uatsamonga_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Uatsamonga Order">Uatsamonga Order</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/22/nicaragua-ortega-wife-absolute-power">"Nicaragua: Ortega and wife to assume absolute power after changes approved"</a>. <a 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Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaragua+cancels+permits+for+US%2C+European+NGOs&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F8%2F17%2Fnicaragua-cancels-permits-for-us-european-ngos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/06/26/nicaragua-ortega-politicians-journalists-flee/">"Prominent Nicaraguan opposition leaders and journalists flee an escalating government crackdown"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. Retrieved 29 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Prominent+Nicaraguan+opposition+leaders+and+journalists+flee+an+escalating+government+crackdown&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2F06%2F26%2Fnicaragua-ortega-politicians-journalists-flee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/us-bans-president-daniel-ortega-and-nicaraguan-officials-from-entry-to-the-us/a-59840708">"US bans President Daniel Ortega and Nicaraguan officials from entry to the US"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 17 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018004340/https://www.dw.com/en/us-bans-president-daniel-ortega-and-nicaraguan-officials-from-entry-to-the-us/a-59840708">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+bans+President+Daniel+Ortega+and+Nicaraguan+officials+from+entry+to+the+US&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fus-bans-president-daniel-ortega-and-nicaraguan-officials-from-entry-to-the-us%2Fa-59840708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-daniel-ortega-emprende-cruzada-contra-universidades-privadas-nicaragua-202202150115_noticia.html">"Daniel Ortega emprende una cruzada contra las universidades privadas de Nicaragua"</a>. 15 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216080841/https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-daniel-ortega-emprende-cruzada-contra-universidades-privadas-nicaragua-202202150115_noticia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Ortega+emprende+una+cruzada+contra+las+universidades+privadas+de+Nicaragua&rft.date=2022-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Finternacional%2Fabci-daniel-ortega-emprende-cruzada-contra-universidades-privadas-nicaragua-202202150115_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-02-02/daniel-ortega-arremete-contra-las-universidades-rebeldes-de-nicaragua.html">"Daniel Ortega arremete contra las universidades rebeldes de Nicaragua"</a>. 2 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603122121/https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-02-02/daniel-ortega-arremete-contra-las-universidades-rebeldes-de-nicaragua.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daniel+Ortega+arremete+contra+las+universidades+rebeldes+de+Nicaragua&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2022-02-02%2Fdaniel-ortega-arremete-contra-las-universidades-rebeldes-de-nicaragua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/05/17/el-regimen-de-daniel-ortega-ordeno-el-cierre-de-cuatro-ongs/">"El régimen de Daniel Ortega ordenó el cierre de cuatro ONGs"</a>. 17 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603122451/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/05/17/el-regimen-de-daniel-ortega-ordeno-el-cierre-de-cuatro-ongs/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+r%C3%A9gimen+de+Daniel+Ortega+orden%C3%B3+el+cierre+de+cuatro+ONGs&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Famerica-latina%2F2022%2F05%2F17%2Fel-regimen-de-daniel-ortega-ordeno-el-cierre-de-cuatro-ongs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelli2018" class="citation news cs1">Belli, Gioconda (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/nicaragua/2018-08-24/how-daniel-ortega-became-tyrant">"How Daniel Ortega Became a Tyrant - From Revolutionary to Strongman"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=How+Daniel+Ortega+Became+a+Tyrant+-+From+Revolutionary+to+Strongman&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Belli&rft.aufirst=Gioconda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fnicaragua%2F2018-08-24%2Fhow-daniel-ortega-became-tyrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/nicaraguan-president-daniel-ortega-goes-catholic-church-latest-effort-rcna44618">"Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega goes after the Catholic Church in his latest effort to stop criticism of the government"</a>. NBC News. 25 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122192810/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/nicaraguan-president-daniel-ortega-goes-catholic-church-latest-effort-rcna44618">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaraguan+President+Daniel+Ortega+goes+after+the+Catholic+Church+in+his+latest+effort+to+stop+criticism+of+the+government&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Flatino%2Fnicaraguan-president-daniel-ortega-goes-catholic-church-latest-effort-rcna44618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCNA" class="citation web cs1">CNA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253589/european-bishops-call-for-release-of-nicaraguan-bishop-due-to-stand-trial-for-conspiracy">"European bishops call for release of Nicaraguan bishop due to stand trial for conspiracy"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+bishops+call+for+release+of+Nicaraguan+bishop+due+to+stand+trial+for+conspiracy&rft.pub=Catholic+News+Agency&rft.au=CNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F253589%2Feuropean-bishops-call-for-release-of-nicaraguan-bishop-due-to-stand-trial-for-conspiracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ortega-saavedra-daniel-1945">"Ortega Saavedra, Daniel (1945–)"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Ortega+Saavedra%2C+Daniel+%281945%E2%80%93%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhumanities%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fortega-saavedra-daniel-1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diario.lajornadanet.com/archivo/2005/mayo/05_05_05.html">"La Jornada – Jueves, 5 de Mayo de 2005"</a>. lajornadanet.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115938/http://diario.lajornadanet.com/archivo/2005/mayo/05_05_05.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014. 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Retrieved 15 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Five+facts+about+Nicaragua%27s+Daniel+Ortega&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FN01359367.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP-29"><a href="#cite_ref-LP_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520180905/http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2006/septiembre/15/elecciones/candidatos/143891.shtml">"Daniel Ortega Saavedra, candidato presidencial del FSLN"</a>. La Prensa (in Spanish). 10 May 2007. 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Retrieved 11 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Prensa&rft.atitle=Daniel+Ortega+Saavedra%2C+candidato+presidencial+del+FSLN&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-ni.laprensa.com.ni%2Farchivo%2F2006%2Fseptiembre%2F15%2Felecciones%2Fcandidatos%2F143891.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991187-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991187_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991187_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKinzer1991">Kinzer 1991</a>, p. 187. </li> <li id="cite_note-LO-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LO_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LO_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LO_31-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVulliamy2001" class="citation news cs1">Vulliamy, Ed (2 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223093439/http://www.commondreams.org/views01/0902-05.htm">"Nicaragua's Daniel Ortega; In the Lions' Den Again"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>. 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Retrieved 11 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hispanic+Heritage+in+the+Americas%3A+Ortega%2C+Daniel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fhispanic_heritage%2Farticle-9057473&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-35"><a href="#cite_ref-:72_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotyl2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Motyl, Alexander, ed. (2000). "Ortega, Daniel". Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts. 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Retrieved 31 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Reagan+Puts+Embargo+On+Nicaragua+To+%27Mend+Their+Ways%27&rft.date=1985-05-02&rft.aulast=Neikirk&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Coffey%2C+Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1985%2F05%2F02%2Freagan-puts-embargo-on-nicaragua-to-mend-their-ways%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090628114702/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_n2127_v87/ai_6101573">"Aid to the Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance"</a>. US Department of State Bulletin. October 1987. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_n2127_v87/ai_6101573">the original</a> on 28 June 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=US+Department+of+State+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Aid+to+the+Nicaraguan+Democratic+Resistance&rft.date=1987-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1079%2Fis_n2127_v87%2Fai_6101573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldlii.org/int/cases/ICJ/1986/1.html">"Nicaragua v United States of America - Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua - Judgment of 27 June 1986 - Merits - Judgments [1986] ICJ 1; ICJ Reports 1986, p 14; [1986] ICJ Rep 14 (27 June 1986)"</a>. worldlii.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329112445/http://www.worldlii.org/int/cases/ICJ/1986/1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldlii.org&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+v+United+States+of+America+-+Military+and+Paramilitary+Activities+in+and+against+Nicaragua+-+Judgment+of+27+June+1986+-+Merits+-+Judgments+%5B1986%5D+ICJ+1%3B+ICJ+Reports+1986%2C+p+14%3B+%5B1986%5D+ICJ+Rep+14+%2827+June+1986%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldlii.org%2Fint%2Fcases%2FICJ%2F1986%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoshkoDevroy1989" class="citation news cs1">Goshko, John M.; Devroy, Ann (9 August 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/08/09/us-endorses-contra-plan-as-prod-to-democracy-in-nicaragua/f4604b0d-cc67-45ab-a554-df6d9ee1c8b1/">"U.S. Endorses Contra Plan As Prod To Democracy in Nicaragua"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124071957/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/08/09/us-endorses-contra-plan-as-prod-to-democracy-in-nicaragua/f4604b0d-cc67-45ab-a554-df6d9ee1c8b1/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Endorses+Contra+Plan+As+Prod+To+Democracy+in+Nicaragua&rft.date=1989-08-09&rft.aulast=Goshko&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Devroy%2C+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1989%2F08%2F09%2Fus-endorses-contra-plan-as-prod-to-democracy-in-nicaragua%2Ff4604b0d-cc67-45ab-a554-df6d9ee1c8b1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> Anderson, Leslie E. and Lawrence C. Dodd, Learning Democracy: Citizen Engagement and Electoral Choice in Nicaragua, 1990–2001, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2005, esp Chapter 3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991389-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKinzer1991389_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKinzer1991">Kinzer 1991</a>, p. 389. </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Alma Guillermoprieto, The Heart That Bleeds: Latin America Now, pp. 23–25 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Marti i Puig, Salvador. "The FSLN and Sandinismo", in <a href="#CITEREFCloseMarti_i_PuigMcConnell2012">Close, Marti i Puig & McConnell 2012</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201270-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaltodano201270_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaltodano2012">Baltodano 2012</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117074255/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1222025.html">"Bush Vows to End Embargo if Chamorro Wins"</a>, The Washington Post, 9 November 1989 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1989/WR89/Nicaragu.htm">"Nicaragua"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1989/WR89/index.htm">Human Rights Watch World Report 1989</a> (Report). Human Rights Watch. 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927161022/https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1989/WR89/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2016. <q>The policy of keeping the contras alive ... also has placed in jeopardy the holding of elections by encouraging contra attacks on the electoral process. Thus, while the Bush administration proclaims its support for human rights and free and fair elections in Nicaragua, it persists in sabotaging both.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Watch+World+Report+1989&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Flegacy%2Freports%2F1989%2FWR89%2FNicaragu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/471113751.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+27%2C+1989&author=%28CP%29&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=U.S.+trying+to+disrupt+election+in+Nicaragua%2C+Canadians+report&pqatl=google">"U.S. trying to disrupt election in Nicaragua, Canadians report"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206094906/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/471113751.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+27%2C+1989&author=%28CP%29&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=U.S.+trying+to+disrupt+election+in+Nicaragua%2C+Canadians+report&pqatl=google">Archived</a> 6 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Toronto_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="The Toronto Star">The Toronto Star</a>, 27 October 1989 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBischopingSchuman1992" class="citation journal cs1">Bischoping, Katherine; Schuman, Howard (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2111480">"Pens and Polls in Nicaragua: An Analysis of the 1990 Preelection Surveys"</a>. 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Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170603033816/http://time.com/4799844/nicaragua-paris-climate-agreement-countries/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+Didn%27t+Sign+the+Paris+Agreement+Because+It+Didn%27t+Go+Far+Enough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4799844%2Fnicaragua-paris-climate-agreement-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArdila2021" class="citation news cs1">Ardila, Erika (10 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aldianews.com/articles/politics/biden-enacts-renacer-act/67939">"Biden enacts the RENACER Act"</a>. AL DÍA News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120051926/https://aldianews.com/articles/politics/biden-enacts-renacer-act/67939">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AL+D%C3%8DA+News&rft.atitle=Biden+enacts+the+RENACER+Act&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Ardila&rft.aufirst=Erika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faldianews.com%2Farticles%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-enacts-renacer-act%2F67939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.entornointeligente.com/11/11/2021/venezuela-russia-condemn-new-us-aggressions-against-nicaragua/">"Venezuela, Russia Condemn New US Aggressions Against Nicaragua"</a>. EntornoInteligente (in European Spanish). 11 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421081645/https://entornointeligente.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EntornoInteligente&rft.atitle=Venezuela%2C+Russia+Condemn+New+US+Aggressions+Against+Nicaragua&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.entornointeligente.com%2F11%2F11%2F2021%2Fvenezuela-russia-condemn-new-us-aggressions-against-nicaragua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://confidencial.digital/english/ukraine-sanctions-nicaragua-over-its-consulate-in-crimea/">"Ukraine Sanctions Nicaragua over its Consulate in Crimea - Confidencial"</a>. 3 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620221546/https://confidencial.digital/english/ukraine-sanctions-nicaragua-over-its-consulate-in-crimea/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 18 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukraine+Sanctions+Nicaragua+over+its+Consulate+in+Crimea+-+Confidencial&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconfidencial.digital%2Fenglish%2Fukraine-sanctions-nicaragua-over-its-consulate-in-crimea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShtepa2021" class="citation web cs1">Shtepa, Hanna (10 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanctionsnews.bakermckenzie.com/ukraine-imposes-its-first-ever-sectoral-sanctions/">"Ukraine imposes its first-ever sectoral sanctions"</a>. Global Sanctions and Export Controls Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203202951/https://sanctionsnews.bakermckenzie.com/ukraine-imposes-its-first-ever-sectoral-sanctions/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Sanctions+and+Export+Controls+Blog&rft.atitle=Ukraine+imposes+its+first-ever+sectoral+sanctions&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft.aulast=Shtepa&rft.aufirst=Hanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsanctionsnews.bakermckenzie.com%2Fukraine-imposes-its-first-ever-sectoral-sanctions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartlow2018" class="citation news cs1">Partlow, Joshua (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/from-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against/2018/08/24/117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html">"From rebel to strongman: How Daniel Ortega became the thing he fought against"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200427144941/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/from-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against/2018/08/24/117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=From+rebel+to+strongman%3A+How+Daniel+Ortega+became+the+thing+he+fought+against&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Partlow&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Ffrom-rebel-to-strongman-how-daniel-ortega-became-the-thing-he-fought-against%2F2018%2F08%2F24%2F117d000a-97fe-11e8-818b-e9b7348cd87d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/23/nicaragua-withdraws-social-security-changes-after-people-killed-in-riots">"Nicaragua abandons social security changes after dozens killed in riots"</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. 23 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615120010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/23/nicaragua-withdraws-social-security-changes-after-people-killed-in-riots">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+abandons+social+security+changes+after+dozens+killed+in+riots&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fapr%2F23%2Fnicaragua-withdraws-social-security-changes-after-people-killed-in-riots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-nicaragua-opposition-arrests-climb-to-26">"Nicaragua opposition arrests climb to 26"</a>. France24. 6 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235058/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210706-nicaragua-opposition-arrests-climb-to-26">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+opposition+arrests+climb+to+26&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210706-nicaragua-opposition-arrests-climb-to-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/6/more-opposition-leaders-detained-in-nicaragua-crackdown">"More opposition leaders detained in Nicaragua crackdown"</a>. Al Jazeera English. 6 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235058/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/6/more-opposition-leaders-detained-in-nicaragua-crackdown">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+opposition+leaders+detained+in+Nicaragua+crackdown&rft.date=2021-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F7%2F6%2Fmore-opposition-leaders-detained-in-nicaragua-crackdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57733632">"Nicaraguan opposition activists held as crackdown intensifies"</a>. BBC News. 7 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722235057/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57733632">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nicaraguan+opposition+activists+held+as+crackdown+intensifies&rft.date=2021-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-57733632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-embajador-nicaragua-ante-rompe-dictadura-donde-sesion-vivo-202203231617_noticia.html">Embajador Nicaragua ante rompe dictadura donde sesion vivo</a> abc.es [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://us.marca.com/claro/more-trending/2022/03/23/623b828bca474122038b4615.html">[1]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://noticiasyprotagonistas.com/actualidad/arturo-mcfields-el-ambassador-que-">https://noticiasyprotagonistas.com/actualidad/arturo-mcfields-el-ambassador-que-</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] I am encouraged to denounce-daniel-ortega-pass-the-15-most-horrible-days-of-my-life/ </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://radio-corporacion.com/blog">https://radio-corporacion.com/blog</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] /archives/142943/it-is-the-official-government-of-ortega-removing-arturo-mcfields-as-ambassador-of-nicaragua-at-the-oas/ </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalmaceda2022" class="citation news cs1">Balmaceda, Marling (24 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.articulo66.com/2022/03/24/nicaragua-daniel-ortega-destitucion-artiro-mcfields-oea/">"Ortega officially dismisses Arturo McFields as his ambassador to the OAS"</a>. Articulo66. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327225428/https://www.articulo66.com/2022/03/24/nicaragua-daniel-ortega-destitucion-artiro-mcfields-oea/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Articulo66&rft.atitle=Ortega+officially+dismisses+Arturo+McFields+as+his+ambassador+to+the+OAS&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft.aulast=Balmaceda&rft.aufirst=Marling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.articulo66.com%2F2022%2F03%2F24%2Fnicaragua-daniel-ortega-destitucion-artiro-mcfields-oea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/27/nicaraguas-lawyer-before-the-international-court-of-justice-paul-reichler-resigned-from-office-for-moral-conscience/">"Nicaragua's lawyer before the International Court of Justice, Paul Reichler, resigned from his position due to "moral conscience""</a>. infobae (in European Spanish). 27 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417081530/https://www.infobae.com/en/2022/03/27/nicaraguas-lawyer-before-the-international-court-of-justice-paul-reichler-resigned-from-office-for-moral-conscience/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infobae&rft.atitle=Nicaragua%27s+lawyer+before+the+International+Court+of+Justice%2C+Paul+Reichler%2C+resigned+from+his+position+due+to+%22moral+conscience%22&rft.date=2022-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Fen%2F2022%2F03%2F27%2Fnicaraguas-lawyer-before-the-international-court-of-justice-paul-reichler-resigned-from-office-for-moral-conscience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miranda, Wilfredo (29 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-03-29/ya-no-es-el-daniel-ortega-a-quien-tanto-respete-renuncia-un-importante-asesor-del-gobierno-de-nicaragua.html">"An important adviser to the Government of Nicaragua resigns: "He is no longer the Daniel Ortega whom I respected so much""</a>. El País (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417201549/https://elpais.com/internacional/2022-03-29/ya-no-es-el-daniel-ortega-a-quien-tanto-respete-renuncia-un-importante-asesor-del-gobierno-de-nicaragua.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=An+important+adviser+to+the+Government+of+Nicaragua+resigns%3A+%22He+is+no+longer+the+Daniel+Ortega+whom+I+respected+so+much%22&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Wilfredo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Finternacional%2F2022-03-29%2Fya-no-es-el-daniel-ortega-a-quien-tanto-respete-renuncia-un-importante-asesor-del-gobierno-de-nicaragua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2022/05/31/62966264fc6c835e6e8b4573.html">"El Parlamento sandinista ratifica el cierre de la Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua pese a la repulsa internacional"</a>. El Mundo (in Spanish). 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121428/https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2022/05/31/62966264fc6c835e6e8b4573.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+Parlamento+sandinista+ratifica+el+cierre+de+la+Academia+Nicarag%C3%BCense+de+la+Lengua+pese+a+la+repulsa+internacional&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Finternacional%2F2022%2F05%2F31%2F62966264fc6c835e6e8b4573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMantillaRuiz2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mantilla, Carlos Salinas Maldonado; Ruiz, Jesús (31 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-05-31/la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua-la-nueva-victima-de-la-represion-del-gobierno-de-ortega.html">"La Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua: la nueva víctima de la represión del Gobierno de Ortega"</a>. El País (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121423/https://elpais.com/cultura/2022-05-31/la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua-la-nueva-victima-de-la-represion-del-gobierno-de-ortega.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=La+Academia+Nicarag%C3%BCense+de+la+Lengua%3A+la+nueva+v%C3%ADctima+de+la+represi%C3%B3n+del+Gobierno+de+Ortega&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft.aulast=Mantilla&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Salinas+Maldonado&rft.au=Ruiz%2C+Jes%C3%BAs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fcultura%2F2022-05-31%2Fla-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua-la-nueva-victima-de-la-represion-del-gobierno-de-ortega.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/05/31/asamblea-nacional-nicaragua-cancela-personeria-juridica-academial-lengua-organizaciones-civiles-orix/">"Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua cancela la personería jurídica de la Academia de la Lengua y otras 82 organizaciones civiles"</a> (in Spanish). CNN. 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220603121423/https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2022/05/31/asamblea-nacional-nicaragua-cancela-personeria-juridica-academial-lengua-organizaciones-civiles-orix/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asamblea+Nacional+de+Nicaragua+cancela+la+personer%C3%ADa+jur%C3%ADdica+de+la+Academia+de+la+Lengua+y+otras+82+organizaciones+civiles&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnnespanol.cnn.com%2F2022%2F05%2F31%2Fasamblea-nacional-nicaragua-cancela-personeria-juridica-academial-lengua-organizaciones-civiles-orix%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cultura/tras-94-anos-de-actividad-parlamento-de-nicaragua-inhabilita-la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua">"Tras 94 años de actividad, parlamento de Nicaragua inhabilita a la Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua"</a>. El Universal (in Spanish). 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531181557/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cultura/tras-94-anos-de-actividad-parlamento-de-nicaragua-inhabilita-la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Universal&rft.atitle=Tras+94+a%C3%B1os+de+actividad%2C+parlamento+de+Nicaragua+inhabilita+a+la+Academia+Nicarag%C3%BCense+de+la+Lengua&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eluniversal.com.mx%2Fcultura%2Ftras-94-anos-de-actividad-parlamento-de-nicaragua-inhabilita-la-academia-nicaraguense-de-la-lengua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> (in Spanish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2002/01/07/arts_41/41_zoilamerica.htm">Testimony of Zoilamérica Narváez against her stepfather Daniel Ortega</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026130910/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2002/01/07/arts_41/41_zoilamerica.htm">Archived</a> 26 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therealnicaragua.com/Files/testimony_of_Zoilamerica_vs_Ortega.pdf">Testimony of Zoilamérica Narváez against her stepfather Daniel Ortega (in English)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028192753/http://www.therealnicaragua.com/Files/testimony_of_Zoilamerica_vs_Ortega.pdf">Archived</a> 28 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-time230398-187"><a href="#cite_ref-time230398_187-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>, 23 March 1998, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816215922/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1998/int/980323/latin_america.an_ugly_fa3.html">An Ugly Family Affair: Charges of sexual abuse leveled against Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega swirl atop a power struggle</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-CommandantCaudillo-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CommandantCaudillo_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CommandantCaudillo_188-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2006" class="citation news cs1">Anthony, Andrew (7 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/nov/07/thecomandantewhobecameaca">"From comandante to caudillo"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190427004622/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/nov/07/thecomandantewhobecameaca">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=From+comandante+to+caudillo&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2006%2Fnov%2F07%2Fthecomandantewhobecameaca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DB13-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DB13_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DB13_189-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DB13_189-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolis2013" class="citation news cs1">Margolis, Mac (20 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/nicaraguas-president-accused-of-sex-abuse-by-his-stepdaughter">"Nicaragua's President Accused of Sex Abuse by His Stepdaughter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914030141/http://www.thedailybeast.com/nicaraguas-president-accused-of-sex-abuse-by-his-stepdaughter">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Nicaragua%27s+President+Accused+of+Sex+Abuse+by+His+Stepdaughter&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft.aulast=Margolis&rft.aufirst=Mac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fnicaraguas-president-accused-of-sex-abuse-by-his-stepdaughter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ortega-faces-sex-abuse-case-from-his-stepdaughter-1156496.html">"Ortega faces sex abuse case from his stepdaughter"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913182718/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ortega-faces-sex-abuse-case-from-his-stepdaughter-1156496.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ortega+faces+sex+abuse+case+from+his+stepdaughter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fortega-faces-sex-abuse-case-from-his-stepdaughter-1156496.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicq" class="citation web cs1">Picq, Manuela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112415754381234.html">"Ignoring sexual violence in Nicaragua"</a>. Al Jazeera English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035330/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/2011112415754381234.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ignoring+sexual+violence+in+Nicaragua&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.aulast=Picq&rft.aufirst=Manuela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Fopinion%2F2011%2F11%2F2011112415754381234.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidh.org/annualrep/2001eng/nicaragua12230.htm">"Nicaragua 12.230 - Admissible"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140526230330/http://cidh.org/annualrep/2001eng/Nicaragua12230.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 5 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaragua+12.230+-+Admissible&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cidh.org%2Fannualrep%2F2001eng%2Fnicaragua12230.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-193"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://niu.com.ni/documental-exiliada-ya-puede-verse-en-nicaragua/">"Documental "Exiliada" ya puede verse en Nicaragua"</a>. Niú (in Spanish). 7 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210906202156/https://niu.com.ni/documental-exiliada-ya-puede-verse-en-nicaragua/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ni%C3%BA&rft.atitle=Documental+%22Exiliada%22+ya+puede+verse+en+Nicaragua&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fniu.com.ni%2Fdocumental-exiliada-ya-puede-verse-en-nicaragua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/politica/joven-supuestamente-abusada-soy-victima-de-daniel-ortega/50000105-3425628">"Joven supuestamente abusada: "Soy víctima de Daniel Ortega""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191409/https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/politica/joven-supuestamente-abusada-soy-victima-de-daniel-ortega/50000105-3425628">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joven+supuestamente+abusada%3A+%22Soy+v%C3%ADctima+de+Daniel+Ortega%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.efe.com%2Fefe%2Fusa%2Fpolitica%2Fjoven-supuestamente-abusada-soy-victima-de-daniel-ortega%2F50000105-3425628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patriademarti.com/articulos-y-ensayos/468-mi-nina-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega">"Mi niña fue violada por Daniel Ortega"</a>. 26 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925134846/https://patriademarti.com/articulos-y-ensayos/468-mi-nina-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mi+ni%C3%B1a+fue+violada+por+Daniel+Ortega&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatriademarti.com%2Farticulos-y-ensayos%2F468-mi-nina-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-d-humanos_muere-en-c%C3%A1rcel-de-nicaragua-hombre-que-acus%C3%B3-a-ortega-de-violar-a-su-hermana/47104004">"Muere en cárcel de Nicaragua hombre que acusó a Ortega de violar a su hermana - SWI"</a> (in Spanish). Swissinfo.ch. 11 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415191410/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/nicaragua-d-humanos_muere-en-c%C3%A1rcel-de-nicaragua-hombre-que-acus%C3%B3-a-ortega-de-violar-a-su-hermana/47104004">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muere+en+c%C3%A1rcel+de+Nicaragua+hombre+que+acus%C3%B3+a+Ortega+de+violar+a+su+hermana+-+SWI&rft.pub=Swissinfo.ch&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fspa%2Fnicaragua-d-humanos_muere-en-c%25C3%25A1rcel-de-nicaragua-hombre-que-acus%25C3%25B3-a-ortega-de-violar-a-su-hermana%2F47104004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2021/11/11/nicaragua-fue-hallado-muerto-en-prision-el-abogado-que-denuncio-que-su-hermana-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega-cuando-tenia-15-anos/">"Nicaragua: fue hallado muerto en prisión el abogado que denunció que su hermana fue violada por Daniel Ortega cuando tenía 15 años"</a>. Infobae. 10 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123042313/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2021/11/11/nicaragua-fue-hallado-muerto-en-prision-el-abogado-que-denuncio-que-su-hermana-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega-cuando-tenia-15-anos/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nicaragua%3A+fue+hallado+muerto+en+prisi%C3%B3n+el+abogado+que+denunci%C3%B3+que+su+hermana+fue+violada+por+Daniel+Ortega+cuando+ten%C3%ADa+15+a%C3%B1os&rft.pub=Infobae&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobae.com%2Famerica%2Famerica-latina%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fnicaragua-fue-hallado-muerto-en-prision-el-abogado-que-denuncio-que-su-hermana-fue-violada-por-daniel-ortega-cuando-tenia-15-anos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20081218/157501556.html">"Даниэль Ортега Сааведра. Биографическая справка"</a> (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 18 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810010201/https://ria.ru/20081218/157501556.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2021. 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La Voz del Sandinismo. 11 November 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/nicaragua/2015-11-11/comandante-daniel-ortega-saavedra-siempre-daniel/">the original</a> on 11 November 2021. 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Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222111442/http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201510200016">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://programmy-dlya-android.ru/?ID=3314">the original</a> on 23 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=programmy-dlya-android.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprogrammy-dlya-android.ru%2F%3FID%3D3314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeFronzo2011" class="citation book cs1">DeFronzo, James (2011). Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements (4th ed.). Boulder: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813344805" title="Special:BookSources/9780813344805"><bdi>9780813344805</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolutions+and+Revolutionary+Movements&rft.place=Boulder&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780813344805&rft.aulast=DeFronzo&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinzer1991" class="citation book cs1">Kinzer, Stephen (1991). <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Brothers:_Life_and_War_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua">Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua</a>. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780399135941" title="Special:BookSources/9780399135941"><bdi>9780399135941</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blood+of+Brothers%3A+Life+and+War+in+Nicaragua&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780399135941&rft.aulast=Kinzer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloseMarti_i_PuigMcConnell2012" class="citation book cs1">Close, David; Marti i Puig, Salvador; McConnell, Shelley, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/709336">The Sandinistas & Nicaragua Since 1979</a>. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-798-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58826-798-6"><bdi>978-1-58826-798-6</bdi></a> – via EBSCOHost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sandinistas+%26+Nicaragua+Since+1979&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-58826-798-6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconnection.ebscohost.com%2Fc%2Farticles%2F709336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+Ortega" class="Z3988">, especially: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><cite class="citation wikicite" id="CITEREFBaltodano2012">Baltodano, Andrés Péréz, "Political Culture", pp. 65-90. <a href="#CITEREFCloseMarti_i_PuigMcConnell2012">loc. cit.</a></cite></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ortega&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Daniel_Ortega" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Daniel_Ortega" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidencia.gob.ni">Office of the President</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100508130336/http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/">Archived</a> 8 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_central_y_caribe/nicaragua/daniel_ortega_saavedra">Biography by CIDOB</a> (in Spanish)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Urcuyo" title="Francisco Urcuyo">Francisco Urcuyo</a></div>as Acting President of Nicaragua </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Coordinator of the <a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a> 1979–1985 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Himself</div>as President of Nicaragua </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Himself</div>as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a> 1985–1990 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a> 2007–2025 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Succession of Co-president</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New office</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Co-president of Nicaragua</a> 2025–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New political party </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front" title="Sandinista National Liberation Front">FSLN</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">President of Nicaragua</a> <a href="/wiki/1984_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1984 Nicaraguan general election">1984</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1990 Nicaraguan general election">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/1996_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="1996 Nicaraguan general election">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/2001_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2001 Nicaraguan general election">2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2006 Nicaraguan general election">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/2011_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2011 Nicaraguan general election">2011</a>, <a href="/wiki/2016_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2016 Nicaraguan general election">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Nicaraguan_general_election" title="2021 Nicaraguan general election">2021</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Most recent </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola"><img alt="Angola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/15px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/30px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o" title="João Lourenço">João Lourenço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/15px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/30px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Patrice_Talon" title="Patrice Talon">Patrice Talon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana"><img alt="Botswana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Duma_Boko" title="Duma Boko">Duma Boko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Traor%C3%A9" title="Ibrahim Traoré">Ibrahim Traoré</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi"><img alt="Burundi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89variste_Ndayishimiye" title="Évariste Ndayishimiye">Évariste Ndayishimiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon"><img alt="Cameroon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Biya" title="Paul Biya">Paul Biya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde"><img alt="Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic"><img alt="Central African Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touad%C3%A9ra" title="Faustin-Archange Touadéra">Faustin-Archange Touadéra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad"><img alt="Chad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by" title="Mahamat Déby">Mahamat Déby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros"><img alt="Comoros" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti"><img alt="Djibouti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea"><img alt="Equatorial Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea"><img alt="Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia"><img alt="Ethiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie" title="Taye Atske Selassie">Taye Atske Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema" title="Brice Oligui Nguema">Brice Oligui Nguema</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia"><img alt="The Gambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adama_Barrow" title="Adama Barrow">Adama Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/John_Mahama" title="John Mahama">John Mahama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><img alt="Guinea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya" title="Mamady Doumbouya">Mamady Doumbouya</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/15px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/30px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara" title="Alassane Ouattara">Alassane Ouattara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/William_Ruto" title="William Ruto">William Ruto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia"><img alt="Liberia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boakai" title="Joseph Boakai">Joseph Boakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/15px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/30px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi" title="Mohamed al-Menfi">Mohamed al-Menfi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar"><img alt="Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andry_Rajoelina" title="Andry Rajoelina">Andry Rajoelina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi"><img alt="Malawi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Chakwera" title="Lazarus Chakwera">Lazarus Chakwera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Assimi_Go%C3%AFta" title="Assimi Goïta">Assimi Goïta</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius"><img alt="Mauritius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool" title="Dharam Gokhool">Dharam Gokhool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique"><img alt="Mozambique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Filipe_Nyusi" title="Filipe Nyusi">Filipe Nyusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia"><img alt="Namibia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nangolo_Mbumba" title="Nangolo Mbumba">Nangolo Mbumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger"><img alt="Niger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/15px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/23px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/30px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdourahamane_Tchiani" title="Abdourahamane Tchiani">Abdourahamane Tchiani</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bola_Tinubu" title="Bola Tinubu">Bola Tinubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda"><img alt="Rwanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe"><img alt="São Tomé and Príncipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/15px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/30px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova" title="Carlos Vila Nova">Carlos Vila Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye" title="Bassirou Diomaye Faye">Bassirou Diomaye Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles"><img alt="Seychelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/15px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/30px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wavel_Ramkalawan" title="Wavel Ramkalawan">Wavel Ramkalawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone"><img alt="Sierra Leone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio" title="Julius Maada Bio">Julius Maada Bio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland"><img alt="Somaliland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Somaliland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somaliland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi" title="Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi">Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan"><img alt="South Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Sovereignty_Council" title="Transitional Sovereignty Council">Transitional Sovereignty Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kais_Saied" title="Kais Saied">Kais Saied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda"><img alt="Uganda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema" title="Hakainde Hichilema">Hakainde Hichilema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe"><img alt="Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/15px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia"><img alt="Abkhazia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Badra_Gunba" title="Badra Gunba">Badra Gunba</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan" title="Vahagn Khachaturyan">Vahagn Khachaturyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><img alt="Azerbaijan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor-Leste" title="Timor-Leste"><img alt="Timor-Leste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/15px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/30px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">José Ramos-Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/15px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/30px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Rashid" title="Abdul Latif Rashid">Abdul Latif Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev" title="Kassym-Jomart Tokayev">Kassym-Jomart Tokayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov" title="Sadyr Japarov">Sadyr Japarov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos"><img alt="Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/15px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/23px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith" title="Thongloun Sisoulith">Thongloun Sisoulith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Aoun" title="Joseph Aoun">Joseph Aoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives"><img alt="Maldives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/15px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/30px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu" title="Mohamed Muizzu">Mohamed Muizzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Kh%C3%BCrels%C3%BCkh" title="Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh">Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar"><img alt="Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/15px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing" title="Min Aung Hlaing">Min Aung Hlaing</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><img alt="North Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore"><img alt="Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/15px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/30px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam" title="Tharman Shanmugaratnam">Tharman Shanmugaratnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Choi_Sang-mok" title="Choi Sang-mok">Choi Sang-mok</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia"><img alt="South Ossetia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/15px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gagloev" title="Alan Gagloev">Alan Gagloev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><img alt="Syria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa" title="Ahmed al-Sharaa">Ahmed al-Sharaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lai_Ching-te" title="Lai Ching-te">Lai Ching-te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="280" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon" title="Emomali Rahmon">Emomali Rahmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow" title="Serdar Berdimuhamedow">Serdar Berdimuhamedow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev" title="Shavkat Mirziyoyev">Shavkat Mirziyoyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/L%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng" title="Lương Cường">Lương Cường</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/15px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/30px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi" title="Rashad al-Alimi">Rashad al-Alimi</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Begaj" title="Bajram Begaj">Bajram Begaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen" title="Alexander Van der Bellen">Alexander Van der Bellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko" title="Alexander Lukashenko">Alexander Lukashenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Be%C4%87irovi%C4%87" title="Denis Bećirović">Denis Bećirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljka_Cvijanovi%C4%87" title="Željka Cvijanović">Željka Cvijanović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljko_Kom%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Željko Komšić">Željko Komšić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Nikos Christodoulides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Alar Karis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stubb" title="Alexander Stubb">Alexander Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Katerina_Sakellaropoulou" title="Katerina Sakellaropoulou">Katerina Sakellaropoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tam%C3%A1s_Sulyok" title="Tamás Sulyok">Tamás Sulyok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Halla_T%C3%B3masd%C3%B3ttir" title="Halla Tómasdóttir">Halla Tómasdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vjosa_Osmani" title="Vjosa Osmani">Vjosa Osmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Edgars_Rink%C4%93vi%C4%8Ds" title="Edgars Rinkēvičs">Edgars Rinkēvičs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Gitanas Nausėda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono" title="Myriam Spiteri Debono">Myriam Spiteri Debono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maia_Sandu" title="Maia Sandu">Maia Sandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Milatovi%C4%87" title="Jakov Milatović">Jakov Milatović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova" title="Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova">Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ersin_Tatar" title="Ersin Tatar">Ersin Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Civerchia" title="Francesca Civerchia">Francesca Civerchia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalibor_Riccardi" title="Dalibor Riccardi">Dalibor Riccardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Vučić">Aleksandar Vučić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Pirc_Musar" title="Nataša Pirc Musar">Nataša Pirc Musar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viola_Amherd" title="Viola Amherd">Viola Amherd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter" title="Karin Keller-Sutter">Karin Keller-Sutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Parmelin" title="Guy Parmelin">Guy Parmelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis" title="Ignazio Cassis">Ignazio Cassis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_R%C3%B6sti" title="Albert Rösti">Albert Rösti</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Baume-Schneider" title="Élisabeth Baume-Schneider">Élisabeth Baume-Schneider</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_Jans" title="Beat Jans">Beat Jans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria"><img alt="Transnistria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Transnistria_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky" title="Vadim Krasnoselsky">Vadim Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/15px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/23px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/30px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Mason" title="Sandra Mason">Sandra Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/15px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton" title="Sylvanie Burton">Sylvanie Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Abinader" title="Luis Abinader">Luis Abinader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/15px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/30px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/15px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/30px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Presidential_Council" title="Transitional Presidential Council">Transitional Presidential Council</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/15px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/30px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/15px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum" title="Claudia Sheinbaum">Claudia Sheinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/15px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/30px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/15px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/23px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/30px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo" title="Christine Kangaloo">Christine Kangaloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Milei" title="Javier Milei">Javier Milei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Luis Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/15px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/15px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Gabriel Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador"><img alt="Ecuador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Noboa" title="Daniel Noboa">Daniel Noboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/15px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay"><img alt="Paraguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Paraguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Paraguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="660" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Santiago Peña">Santiago Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dina_Boluarte" title="Dina Boluarte">Dina Boluarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/15px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/23px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/30px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chan_Santokhi" title="Chan Santokhi">Chan Santokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay"><img alt="Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/15px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Lacalle_Pou" title="Luis Lacalle Pou">Luis Lacalle Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/15px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji"><img alt="Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/15px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/30px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati"><img alt="Kiribati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kiribati.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kiribati.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Taneti_Maamau" title="Taneti Maamau">Taneti Maamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands"><img alt="Marshall Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Heine" title="Hilda Heine">Hilda Heine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia"><img alt="Federated States of Micronesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Simina" title="Wesley Simina">Wesley Simina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/15px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Adeang" title="David Adeang">David Adeang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau"><img alt="Palau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr." title="Surangel Whipps Jr.">Surangel Whipps Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa"><img alt="Samoa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/15px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/30px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tuimaleali%CA%BBifano_Va%CA%BBaleto%CA%BBa_Sualauvi_II" title="Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II">Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu"><img alt="Vanuatu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vanuatu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu" title="Nikenike Vurobaravu">Nikenike Vurobaravu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>Asterisk (*) indicate an acting head of state · Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_heads_of_state_in_Central_American_countries52" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Template:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Template talk:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_in_Central_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state in Central America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_heads_of_state_in_Central_American_countries52" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Current heads of state in Central American countries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Costa_Rica" title="President of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Guatemala" title="President of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Honduras" title="President of Honduras">Honduras</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Panama" title="List of heads of state of Panama">Panama</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_ALBA23" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_ALBA_leaders" title="Template:Current ALBA leaders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Current_ALBA_leaders" title="Template talk:Current ALBA leaders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_ALBA_leaders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current ALBA leaders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_ALBA23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">ALBA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Browne" title="Gaston Browne">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia"><img alt="Bolivia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/34px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Arce" title="Luis Arce">Arce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Díaz-Canel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit" title="Roosevelt Skerrit">Skerrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell" title="Dickon Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_Drew" title="Terrance Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre" title="Philip J. Pierre">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gonsalves" title="Ralph Gonsalves">Gonsalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Maduro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_socialist_states_not_espousing_communism2840" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialist_rulers" title="Template:Socialist rulers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFDE00">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialist_rulers" title="Template talk:Socialist rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFDE00">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist_rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFDE00">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_socialist_states_not_espousing_communism2840" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leaders of <a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_states#Non-communist_states" title="List of socialist states">socialist states not espousing communism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria"><img alt="Algeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">People's Democratic Republic of Algeria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune" title="Abdelmadjid Tebboune">Abdelmadjid Tebboune</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_Larbaoui" title="Nadir Larbaoui">Nadir Larbaoui</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rose_02.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/100px-Red_rose_02.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/150px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Red_rose_02.svg/200px-Red_rose_02.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="579" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#F42A41;"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">People's Republic of Bangladesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin_Chuppu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin Chuppu">Mohammed Shahabuddin Chuppu</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#F42A41;"><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea"><img alt="Eritrea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">State of Eritrea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki" title="Isaias Afwerki">Isaias Afwerki</a>, Head of state and government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Republic of Guinea-Bissau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umaro_Sissoco_Embal%C3%B3" title="Umaro Sissoco Embaló">Umaro Sissoco Embaló</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuno_Gomes_Nabiam" title="Nuno Gomes Nabiam">Nuno Gomes Nabiam</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#CE1126;"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Co-operative Republic of Guyana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irfaan_Ali" title="Irfaan Ali">Irfaan Ali</a>, Head of state and government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Phillips_(Guyanese_politician)" title="Mark Phillips (Guyanese politician)">Mark Phillips</a>, Deputy Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#DD0C39;"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal"><img alt="Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Poudel" title="Ram Chandra Poudel">Ram Chandra Poudel</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Sharma_Oli" class="mw-redirect" title="KP Sharma Oli">KP Sharma Oli</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Republic of Nicaragua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a>, Head of state and government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg/23px-Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg/35px-Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg/45px-Ej%C3%A9rcito_Zapatista_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional%2C_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Rebel_Zapatista_Autonomous_Municipalities" title="Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities">Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Good_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Councils of Good Government">Councils of Good Government</a>, Local leadership</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic"><img alt="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahim_Ghali" title="Brahim Ghali">Brahim Ghali</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun" title="Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun">Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#8E0D37;"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka"><img alt="Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake" title="Anura Kumara Dissanayake">Anura Kumara Dissanayake</a>, Head of state and government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/23px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/35px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg/45px-De_facto_SA-NES_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Rojava</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Elham_Ehmed" title="Îlham Ehmed">Îlham Ehmed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mansur_Selum" title="Mansur Selum">Mansur Selum</a>, Co-Presidents</li> <li>Amina Omar and <a href="/wiki/Riad_Darar" title="Riad Darar">Riad Darar</a>, Co-Chairs</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;backgruond-color:#D91D2C;"><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania"><img alt="Tanzania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">United Republic of Tanzania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan" title="Samia Suluhu Hassan">Samia Suluhu</a>, Head of state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassim_Majaliwa" title="Kassim Majaliwa">Kassim Majaliwa</a>, Head of government</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CC0000; color:#FFDE00; text-align:left; line-height:1.2em;;background-color:#D91D2C;"><a href="/wiki/Wa_State" title="Wa State"><img alt="Wa State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Wa_State.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wa_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Wa_State.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wa_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Wa_State.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wa_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wa_State" title="Wa State">Wa State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bao_Youxiang" title="Bao Youxiang">Bao Youxiang</a>, Head of state and government</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Nicaragua&#124;link=Nicaragua_Presidents_and_heads_of_state_of_Nicaragua290" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_and_heads_of_state_of_Nicaragua" title="Template:Presidents and heads of state of Nicaragua"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_and_heads_of_state_of_Nicaragua" title="Template talk:Presidents and heads of state of Nicaragua"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_and_heads_of_state_of_Nicaragua" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents and heads of state of Nicaragua"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Nicaragua&#124;link=Nicaragua_Presidents_and_heads_of_state_of_Nicaragua290" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nicaragua" title="President of Nicaragua">Presidents and heads of state of</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruto_Chamorro" title="Fruto Chamorro">Fruto Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Castell%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Castellón">Francisco Castellón</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazario_Escoto" title="Nazario Escoto">Nazario Escoto</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estrada" title="José María Estrada">José María Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricio_Rivas" title="Patricio Rivas">Patricio Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Walker_(filibuster)" title="William Walker (filibuster)">William Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricio_Rivas" title="Patricio Rivas">Patricio Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Tomás Martínez">Tomás Martínez</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_Jerez" title="Máximo Jerez">Máximo Jerez</a> Junta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Guzm%C3%A1n_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Fernando Guzmán Solórzano">Fernando Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vicente_Cuadra" title="José Vicente Cuadra">José Vicente Cuadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chamorro_Alfaro" title="Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro">Pedro Joaquín Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Zavala" title="Joaquín Zavala">Joaquín Zavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A1n_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Adán Cárdenas">Adán Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaristo_Carazo" title="Evaristo Carazo">Evaristo Carazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Osorno" title="Nicolás Osorno">Nicolás Osorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Sacasa" title="Roberto Sacasa">Roberto Sacasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Chaves_Teller%C3%ADa" title="Ignacio Chaves Tellería">Ignacio Chaves Tellería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Sacasa" title="Roberto Sacasa">Roberto Sacasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Machado" title="Salvador Machado">Salvador Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Zavala" title="Joaquín Zavala">Joaquín Zavala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Santos_Zelaya" title="José Santos Zelaya">José Santos Zelaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Madriz" title="José Madriz">José Madriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dolores_Estrada_(President_of_Nicaragua)" title="José Dolores Estrada (President of Nicaragua)">José Dolores Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mena_(Nicaraguan_politician)" title="Luis Mena (Nicaraguan politician)">Luis Mena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Estrada" title="Juan José Estrada">Juan José Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Adolfo Díaz">Adolfo Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Chamorro_Vargas" title="Emiliano Chamorro Vargas">Emiliano Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Manuel_Chamorro" title="Diego Manuel Chamorro">Diego Manuel Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosendo_Chamorro" title="Rosendo Chamorro">Rosendo Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Bartolomé Martínez">Bartolomé Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Jos%C3%A9_Sol%C3%B3rzano" title="Carlos José Solórzano">Carlos José Solórzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiliano_Chamorro_Vargas" title="Emiliano Chamorro Vargas">Emiliano Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Uriza" title="Sebastián Uriza">Sebastián Uriza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_D%C3%ADaz" title="Adolfo Díaz">Adolfo Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Moncada" title="José María Moncada">José María Moncada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Sacasa" title="Juan Bautista Sacasa">Juan Bautista Sacasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Alberto_Brenes" title="Carlos Alberto Brenes">Carlos Alberto Brenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Anastasio Somoza García">Anastasio Somoza García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Arg%C3%BCello_Barreto" title="Leonardo Argüello Barreto">Leonardo Argüello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Lacayo_Sacasa" title="Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa">Benjamín Lacayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Rom%C3%A1n_y_Reyes" title="Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes">Víctor Manuel Román</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Fernando_Zurita" title="Manuel Fernando Zurita">Manuel Fernando Zurita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Anastasio Somoza García">Anastasio Somoza García</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Somoza_Debayle" title="Luis Somoza Debayle">Luis Somoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Schick" title="René Schick">René Schick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Montenegro_Medrano" title="Orlando Montenegro Medrano">Orlando Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Guerrero" title="Lorenzo Guerrero">Lorenzo Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Junta" title="Liberal-Conservative Junta">Liberal-Conservative Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasio_Somoza_Debayle" title="Anastasio Somoza Debayle">Anastasio Somoza Debayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Urcuyo" title="Francisco Urcuyo">Francisco Urcuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junta_of_National_Reconstruction" title="Junta of National Reconstruction">Junta of National Reconstruction</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Chamorro" title="Violeta Chamorro">Violeta Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n" title="Arnoldo Alemán">Arnoldo Alemán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bola%C3%B1os" title="Enrique Bolaños">Enrique Bolaños</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel Ortega</a> (Co-president)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Murillo" title="Rosario Murillo">Rosario Murillo</a> (Co-president)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">León</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57402#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2407" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57402#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2407" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57402#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117718535">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79074940">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/165799565">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/118288/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjy7YhbJHg4yyYqjbCHvjK">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119055112">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83179398">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121912875">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121912875">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20061110021&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4615908">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/247267">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p128536047">Netherlands</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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14,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Politics of Nicaragua\"] = 1,\n [\"Presidents and heads of state of Nicaragua\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 3,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 4,\n [\"S-break\"] = 3,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-inc\"] = 2,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 26,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Socialist rulers\"] = 1,\n [\"Unreliable source?\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 14,\n [\"Which\"] = 1,\n [\"Why\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikicite\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","700","25.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","14.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","320","11.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","5.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","3.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatNum","40","1.5"],["type","40","1.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::frameExists","40","1.5"],["[others]","680","25.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-84749c7844-79v8x","timestamp":"20250207224158","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Daniel Ortega","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Ortega","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q57402","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q57402","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-06T08:44:01Z","dateModified":"2025-02-07T22:41:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra_Diciembre_2024_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg","headline":"58th and 62nd President of the Republic of Nicaragua, and since January 2025 Co-President of the Republic of Nicaragua together with Rosario Murillo"}</script> </body> </html>