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— PyObjC - the Python to Objective-C bridge
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-content_root="./"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title> — PyObjC - the Python to Objective-C bridge</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=d75fae25" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/nature.css?v=279e0f84" /> <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=53e39a67"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pyobjc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> <script async type="text/javascript" src="/_/static/javascript/readthedocs-addons.js"></script><meta name="readthedocs-project-slug" content="pyobjc" /><meta name="readthedocs-version-slug" content="latest" /><meta name="readthedocs-resolver-filename" content="/" /><meta name="readthedocs-http-status" content="200" /></head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="Related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="#">PyObjC - the Python to Objective-C bridge</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <h1>Introduction</h1> <p>The PyObjC project aims to provide a bridge between the Python and Objective-C programming languages on macOS. The bridge is intended to be fully bidirectional, allowing the Python programmer to take full advantage of the power provided by various Objective-C based toolkits and the Objective-C programmer transparent access to Python based functionality.</p> <p>PyObjC not only includes the basic bridge, but also bindings to most Apple frameworks on macOS.</p> <p>The most important usage of this is writing Cocoa GUI applications on macOS in pure Python. See our tutorial for an example of this.</p> <table> <tr valign="top"> <td width="60%"> <h1>Release information</h1> <p><b>PyObjC 11.0</b> was released on 2025-01-14. See the <a href="changelog.html">changelog</a> for more information. PyObjC 9 supports Python 3.7 and later.</p> <p>PyObjC 10.3 is the latest version supporting Python 3.8. PyObjC 9.2 is the last version supporting Python 3.7. PyObjC 8.5 is the last version supporting Python 3.6. PyObjC 5.3 is the last version supporting Python 2. These versions are no longer supported.</p> </td> <td width="40%"> <h1>Supported platforms</h1> <p>PyObjC supports Python 3.9 or later and does not support Python 2. PyObjC does not support other python implementation such as PyPy and Jython.</p> <p>PyObjC is regularly tested on macOS 10.14 and should work on macOS 10.9 or later for the i386 and x86_64 architectures.</p> <p>PyObjC only supports macOS, and is not supported on other platforms (iOS, Linux, ...).</p> </td> </tr> </table> <h1>General documentation</h1> <table class="contentstable"> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"> <b>Using PyObjC</b> <ul> <li><a href="install.html">Installing PyObjC</a> <li><a href="core/intro.html">An introduction to PyObjC</a> <li><a href="tutorials/index.html">Old Tutorials</a> <li><a href="examples/index.html">Examples</a> </ul> <b>Various notes</b> <ul> <li><a href="notes/instantiating.html">Instantiation Objective-C objects</a> <li><a href="core/protocols.html">Using Objective-C protocols</a> <li><a href="core/blocks.html">Using Objective-C blocks</a> <li><a href="core/vector-types.html">Using Objective-C SIMD types</a> <li><a href="core/typemapping.html">Converting values between Python and Objective-C</a> <li><a href="core/fsref-fsspec.html">Support for "FSRef" and "FSSpec"</a> <li><a href="core/introspecting.html">Runtime introspection with PyObjC</a> <li><a href="core/serializing.html">Object-graph serializing (NSCoding and pickle)</a> <li><a href="core/kvo.html">Key-Value Observing</a> <li><a href="notes/exceptions.html">Objective-C exceptions</a> <li><a href="notes/quartz-vs-coregraphics.html">(old) "import Quartz" or "import CoreGraphics"</a> <li><a href="notes/using-nsxpcinterface.html">Using NSXPCInterface</a> <li><a href="notes/ctypes.html">Using ctypes with PyObjC</a> <li><a href="notes/codesigning.html">Code Signing and Notarizing</a> <li><a href="deprecations.html">Dealing with API deprecations</a> </ul> </td> <td width="50%"> <b>Framework bindings</b> <ul> <li><a href="notes/framework-wrappers.html">Overview of macOS frameworks and their wrappers</a> <li><a href="apinotes.html">API Notes for PyObjC framework wrappers</a> </ul> <b>Metadata system</b> <ul> <li><a href="metadata/index.html">PyObjC metadata system</a> <li><a href="core/type-wrapper.html">Generated types for C types</a> </ul> <b>Historical documentation</b> <ul> <li><a href="xcode.html">Using PyObjC with Interface Builder</a> <li><a href="core/objc-gc.html">Objective-C Garbage Collection</a> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"> <b>Reference documentation</b> <ul> <li><a href="api/index.html">API for 'pyobjc-core'</a> <li><a href="api/coregraphics-context-managers.html">Contextmanagers for CoreGraphics</a> <li><a href="api/threading-helpers.html">Utility methods for threading</a> <li><a href="api/module-PyObjCTools.AppCategories.html">PyObjCTools.AppCategories in pyobjc-framework-Cocoa</a> <li><a href="api/module-PyObjCTools.FndCategories.html">PyObjCTools.FndCategories in pyobjc-framework-Cocoa</a> </ul> </td> <td width="50%"> <b>Developing PyObjC</b> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/ronaldoussoren/pyobjc/">PyObjC development is hosted at Github</a> <li><a href="team.html">The PyObjC core team</a> <li><a href="release-workflow.html">Sketch of the release workflow</a> </ul> <b>Important resources</b> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/ronaldoussoren/pyobjc/issues">Issue tracker</a> <li><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/pyobjc/lists/pyobjc-dev">PyObjC-dev mailing list</a>, a low-volume mailinglist for PyObjC development.</a> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/community/sigs/current/pythonmac-sig/">Mailing list for the PythonMac SIG</a>, A mailing list for anyone developing with Python on macOS. <li><a href="https://github.com/ronaldoussoren/pyobjc">Repository browser</a> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="Main"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><h3>Resources</h3> <ul> <li><a href="examples/index.html">Examples</a> <li><a 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