Nanoscale Device Characterization Division

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Scale Device Group</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/pml/nanoscale-device-characterization-division/nanoscale-processes-and-measurements-group" hreflang="en">Nanoscale Processes and Measurements Group</a></span></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-title-1"><span class="field-content"><a href="/pml/nanoscale-device-characterization-division/nanoscale-spectroscopy-group" hreflang="en">Nanoscale Spectroscopy Group</a></span></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9" > <div class="nist-block" > <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--hero paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-hero grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/nists-grid-quantum-islands-could-reveal-secrets-powerful-technologies"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png.webp?itok=7w6hH53O 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png.webp?itok=RzZ1pwKJ 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png.webp?itok=UzIxM3m5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png.webp?itok=7w6hH53O 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png.jpg?itok=7w6hH53O" width="600" height="360" alt="An oblique overhead view of a purple square with nine red dots arranged in a 3x3 array in the center of the square." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/nists-grid-quantum-islands-could-reveal-secrets-powerful-technologies"> <div class="text">NIST's Grid of Quantum Islands Could Reveal Secrets for Powerful Technologies</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/entering-new-phase-nist-technique-simultaneously-locates-multiple-defects"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png.webp?itok=o0kNW9L6 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png.webp?itok=XwoOBI69 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png.webp?itok=ufackxag 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png.webp?itok=o0kNW9L6 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png.jpg?itok=o0kNW9L6" width="600" height="360" alt="Illustrated metallic tip of an atomic force microscope hovers over a microcircuit on a chip." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/entering-new-phase-nist-technique-simultaneously-locates-multiple-defects"> <div class="text">Entering a New Phase: NIST Technique Simultaneously Locates Multiple Defects on Microchip Circuits</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-hero__item tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-hero__item-inner"> <div class="nist-hero__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/twisted-science-nist-researchers-find-new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic"> <picture> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/11/14/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5_1.png.webp?itok=PsNrYSQ5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/1200w_x_720h/public/images/2023/11/14/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5_1.png.webp?itok=Fj1ipW_t 2x" media="(min-width: 480px)" type="image/webp" width="600" height="360"/> <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/300w_x_180h/public/images/2023/11/14/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5_1.png.webp?itok=d2Z7mtZV 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/11/14/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5_1.png.webp?itok=PsNrYSQ5 2x" media="(min-width: 0px)" type="image/webp" width="300" height="180"/> <img loading="eager" src="/sites/default/files/styles/600w_x_360h/public/images/2023/11/14/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5_1.png.jpg?itok=PsNrYSQ5" width="600" height="360" alt="Quantum Moire Illustration" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </picture> </a> </div> <div class="nist-hero__caption"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/twisted-science-nist-researchers-find-new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic"> <div class="text">Twisted Science: NIST Researchers Find a New Quantum Ruler to Explore Exotic Matter</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-content-row nist-content-row--width-legible paragraph paragraph--type--text paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block text-long"><p>The Nanoscale Device Characterization Division (NDCD) is based in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and operates within the Physical Measurement Laboratory at NIST.</p> <p>The <strong>Division's mission</strong> is to  develop and advance the measurement and knowledge infrastructure to characterize nano- and atom-scale engineered materials and solid-state devices for innovation in information processing, sensing, and future quantum technologies.</p> <p>The NDCD’s technical activities span atom scale devices, nanoscale spectroscopy, nanoscale imaging, nanoscale processes and measurements, and alternative computing.</p> <h2><strong>Focus Areas</strong></h2> <p><strong>WORLD CLASS ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL MICROSCOPY </strong>provides “local” measurements that characterize nanoengineered solid-state materials and devices as a function of temperature, electrical bias, optical stimulus, or applied magnetic field to reveal the fundamental physical properties and processes that underpin emergent quantum behavior. Advances in nanoscale microscopy instrumentation complement innovative precision electrical and optical spectroscopic measurements, methodology, and test structure design and fabrication.</p> <p><strong>ADVANCED MICROELECTRONICS</strong> can minimize the measurement gaps hindering heterogeneous integration of emerging electronic and photonic materials and devices with aggressively scaled silicon CMOS. Innovations in measurements to assure authenticity and reliability of materials, devices, and systems are essential to ensure continued gains in performance and the creation of more complex and specialized functions in the face of revolutionary challenges to CMOS scaling.</p> <p><strong>MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS IN ALTERNATIVE COMPUTING</strong>, especially neuromorphic computing and AI, are being addressed, especially neuromorphic computing and AI, by investigating new devices for analog and stochastic computing and exploring new architectures and algorithms, both theoretically and in medium-scale integrated prototypes.</p> <p>This effort focuses on designing, fabricating, and characterizing hybrid circuit test platforms and disseminating them to researchers in industry and academia to enable more efficient validation of device and circuit properties at increasingly greater complexity and scale.</p> <p><strong>ATOM-SCALE DEVICES</strong> develop the foundational knowledge, measurements, and fabrication methods needed to enable nanoengineering of solid-state devices and systems that will lead to new, unexplored emergent quantum behavior.<br> This effort is pushing electronic and quantum devices and sensors to their fundamental operation limits with single electrons and spins on deterministically placed atoms. These devices will be critical for realizing chip-scale quantum information processing, quantum simulators, and field-deployable quantum electrical standards.</p> <p><strong>STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT</strong> involves engaging in international standards development where rigor in measurement methodology, data analysis, and data reporting facilitate a robust consensus-based standards-creation process.</p></div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">News and Updates</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-0613d87e68e6c14f70b042f7123feb16f194cf31d8b198fbdc825f55736601e4"> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/12/nist-researchers-help-design-prototype-quantum-computer" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/12/nist-researchers-help-design-prototype-quantum-computer" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/12/20/logical-qubit.jpg?itok=RAvqNsEv" width="100" height="100" alt="logical qubit illustration" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2023/12/nist-researchers-help-design-prototype-quantum-computer"><span property="schema:name">NIST Researchers Help Design a Prototype Quantum Computer</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-12-20T12:00:00Z">December 20, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Researchers have created a prototype quantum computer with a record number of qubits—the analog of bits in an ordinary computer—capable of performing logical </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2023/10/twisted-science-nist-researchers-find-new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/twisted-science-nist-researchers-find-new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/09/28/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5.png?itok=kVp5E6Ym" width="100" height="63" alt="Illustration depicts two bilayers (two double layers) of graphene" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2023/10/twisted-science-nist-researchers-find-new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic"><span property="schema:name">Twisted Science: NIST Researchers Find a New Quantum Ruler to Explore Exotic Matter</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2023-10-05T12:00:00Z">October 5, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> A single-atom-thick sheet of carbon known as graphene has remarkable properties on its own, but things can get even more interesting when you stack up multiple </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2022/11/nists-grid-quantum-islands-could-reveal-secrets-powerful-technologies" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/nists-grid-quantum-islands-could-reveal-secrets-powerful-technologies" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/11/16/Picture1.png?itok=RPVAP4Zd" width="100" height="56" alt="An oblique overhead view of a purple square with nine red dots arranged in a 3x3 array in the center of the square." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/nists-grid-quantum-islands-could-reveal-secrets-powerful-technologies"><span property="schema:name">NIST’s Grid of Quantum Islands Could Reveal Secrets for Powerful Technologies</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-11-17T12:00:00Z">November 17, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> The grids provided playing fields in which electrons could behave in nearly ideal, textbook-like conditions. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/news-events/news/2022/11/entering-new-phase-nist-technique-simultaneously-locates-multiple-defects" typeof="schema:Article" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/entering-new-phase-nist-technique-simultaneously-locates-multiple-defects" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png?itok=-fWcyDs1" width="100" height="37" alt="AFM tip" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/news-events/news/2022/11/entering-new-phase-nist-technique-simultaneously-locates-multiple-defects"><span property="schema:name">Entering a New Phase: NIST Technique Simultaneously Locates Multiple Defects on Microchip Circuits</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="daterange"><time datetime="2022-11-03T12:00:00Z">November 3, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div property="schema:text" class="text-with-summary"> Defective computer chips are the bane of the semiconductor industry. Even a seemingly minor flaw in a chip packed with billions of electrical connections might </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/news-events/news-updates/org/5936">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Projects and Programs</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-292fea7b2e85aa8a69bdcddd8d41281214e0a8787db20cc93aa84338a98aa356"> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/advancing-peem-based-metrology" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/advancing-peem-based-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2021/03/16/PEEM_cartoon.jpg?itok=70Q2QD7u" width="68" height="100" alt="Schematic of a PEEM measurement" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/advancing-peem-based-metrology"><span>Advancing PEEM-based Metrology</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> With the rise of emergent material systems, nanoscale devices and components, there is a need to assess their electronic properties at similar length scales. Bulk-sensitive measurements provide characteristic information averaged over the sample or device, and these properties may not be uniform </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/advancing-power-electronics-defect-metrology" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/advancing-power-electronics-defect-metrology" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/03/12/advancing%20power%20electronics.png?itok=En-tv9HL" width="100" height="52" alt="Advancing Power Electronics with Defect Metrology, Key challenges of near market devices of " typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/advancing-power-electronics-defect-metrology"><span>Advancing Power Electronics with Defect Metrology</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Power electronics play a central role in all aspects of electrical energy storage, distribution, conversion, and consumption. Currently, power electronics heavily rely on Si-based insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), which have large footprints, are inefficient, and require extensive cooling </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/atom-manipulation-scanning-tunneling-microscope" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/atom-manipulation-scanning-tunneling-microscope" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/cnst/epg/atom_manipulation_figures-toprticon.jpg?itok=dTeyXZcd" width="100" height="99" alt="Atom_manipulation_icon" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/atom-manipulation-scanning-tunneling-microscope"><span>Atom Manipulation with the Scanning Tunneling Microscope</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Manipulation of single atoms with the scanning tunneling microscope is made possible through the controlled and tunable interaction between the atoms at the end of the STM probe tip and the single atom (adatom) on a surface that is being manipulated. In the STM tunneling junction used for atom </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/programs-projects/atom-based-silicon-quantum-electronics" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/programs-projects/atom-based-silicon-quantum-electronics" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2017/10/26/4k.jpg?itok=KEVVt-iI" width="100" height="100" alt="STM patterning at 4K." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/programs-projects/atom-based-silicon-quantum-electronics"><span>Atom-based Silicon Quantum Electronics</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-badge display-inline-block margin-y-1 nist-badge--blue boolean">Ongoing</div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> This project is developing atomically precise, atom-based electronic devices for use in quantum information processing and analog quantum simulation. We are developing the fabrication, measurement, and modeling methods needed to realize single atom, spin-based qubits in silicon as an integrated </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/laboratories/projects-programs/org/5936">View All Projects/Programs</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Awards</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-dae66dfcf7dc09f68d99065b34346af37bf001678673fde2f1ba6684e0e252ec"> <div> <article about="/awards/2024-aps-fellow-curt-richter" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/2024-aps-fellow-curt-richter" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/10/03/Richter%201.jpeg?itok=6kRGtIvf" width="67" height="100" alt="Curt A. Richter" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2024-aps-fellow-curt-richter"><span>2024 APS Fellow - Curt A. Richter</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> For pioneering studies of nanoelectronic devices based on advanced materials, including semiconducting, molecular, quantum, and topological </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/awards/jqi-researchers-win-2023-umd-quantum-invention-year-award" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/jqi-researchers-win-2023-umd-quantum-invention-year-award" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/05/01/UMD-Quantum-Invention-of-the-Year-Award.png?itok=DmAzXJTn" width="100" height="56" alt="UMD Quantum Invention of the Year Award" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/jqi-researchers-win-2023-umd-quantum-invention-year-award"><span>JQI Researchers Win 2023 UMD Quantum Invention of the Year Award</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> This year Joint Quantum Institute (JQI), a research partnership between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/awards/2023-ieee-eds-leo-esaki-award" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/2023-ieee-eds-leo-esaki-award" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2024/05/16/award_poster_LEO_2023.jpg?itok=l1mx1cRC" width="68" height="100" alt="2023 IEEE EDS Leo Esaki Award" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2023-ieee-eds-leo-esaki-award"><span>2023 IEEE EDS Leo Esaki Award</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> For recognizing the best paper appearing in a fast turnaround archival publication of the IEEE Electron Devices Society, targeted to the </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/awards/2022-rms-scientific-achievement-award-andrea-centrone" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/awards/2022-rms-scientific-achievement-award-andrea-centrone" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/09/30/Andrea-Centrone.jpg?itok=TLO_lJq8" width="65" height="100" alt="Andrea Centrone" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/awards/2022-rms-scientific-achievement-award-andrea-centrone"><span>2022 RMS Scientific Achievement Award - Andrea Centrone</span> </a></h3> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> Andrea is an exceptional scientist whose work has contributed to overcoming one of the main shortcomings of atomic force microscopy (AFM) – </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/awards/org/5936">View All Awards</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Press Coverage</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-5950c21378baabbe0dee1126b073f403861ceaf458aaf56c172969ae6848a81b"> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic-matter" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic-matter" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2023/09/28/Quantum_Moire_Illustration_960x600_v5.png?itok=kVp5E6Ym" width="100" height="63" alt="Illustration depicts two bilayers (two double layers) of graphene" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/new-quantum-ruler-explore-exotic-matter"><span>A new quantum ruler to explore exotic matter</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Tech Explorist</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2023-10-09T12:00:00Z">October 9, 2023</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> These materials, known as moiré quantum matter, can transform into superconductors with zero electrical resistance, perfect insulators, or abruptly produce </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/research-bits-dec-13" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/research-bits-dec-13" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/11/03/afm-tip.png?itok=-fWcyDs1" width="100" height="37" alt="AFM tip" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/research-bits-dec-13"><span>Research Bits: Dec. 13</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Semiconductor Engineering</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2022-12-13T12:00:00Z">December 13, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> Engineers at Caltech and the University of Southampton integrated an electronic and photonic chip for high-speed communication in data centers. </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/google-and-us-sign-agreement-creation-open-source-chips" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/google-and-us-sign-agreement-creation-open-source-chips" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/09/12/NISTDevelopedChip.jpg?itok=elAXZrAG" width="100" height="56" alt="A dense grid of purple, blue and red lines on a square platform." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/google-and-us-sign-agreement-creation-open-source-chips"><span>Google and the US sign an agreement for the creation of open source chips</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Tech Unwrapped</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2022-09-17T12:00:00Z">September 17, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The end of the restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic also brought relief to the industrial and technological sector. However, no one could have foreseen </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/press-coverage/us-signs-deal-google-promote-open-source-chip-design" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__image"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/press-coverage/us-signs-deal-google-promote-open-source-chip-design" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/2022/09/12/NISTDevelopedChip.jpg?itok=elAXZrAG" width="100" height="56" alt="A dense grid of purple, blue and red lines on a square platform." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/press-coverage/us-signs-deal-google-promote-open-source-chip-design"><span>U.S. Signs Deal with Google to Promote Open-Source Chip Design</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="string">Electronic Design</div> </div> <div class="nist-teaser__date"> <div class="datetime"><time datetime="2022-09-16T12:00:00Z">September 16, 2022</time> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-with-summary"> The U.S. Commerce Department signed a partnership with Alphabet’s Google to produce chips that startups, researchers, and universities can use to affordably </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content-list-ou paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Patents</div> </h2> <div class="viewsreference"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-b6cee55d97acb92ae47c7293bfe40400044644347c141dc0df6d26116d5fa5b9"> <div> <article about="/patents/thin-film-magnetic-field-vector-sensor" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/patents/thin-film-magnetic-field-vector-sensor"><span>Thin Film Magnetic Field Vector Sensor</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Emily Bittle , David Gundlach and Sebastian Engmann </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> A novel magnetic field sensor (MFS) may be created with an organic light emitting diode (OLED) made from an organic semiconductor material and an organic photodetector (OPD) built directly on top (or below) of the OLED, wherein at least one layer is made from an oriented molecular or polymer organic </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/patents/method-focused-electron-and-x-ray-2d-patterning-and-3d-printing-hydrgels-liquid-precursor" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/patents/method-focused-electron-and-x-ray-2d-patterning-and-3d-printing-hydrgels-liquid-precursor"><span>The Method Of Focused Electron And X-Ray 2D Patterning And 3D Printing Of Hydrgels From Liquid Precursor Solutions With Submicron Resolution</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Glenn Holland and Andrei Kolmakov </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> The invention describes the method of the patterning of hydrogels in liquid (native) sate through electron (x-ray) transparent membranes. Such a membrane is molecularly impermeable (or partially permeable) separates the electron and x-ray optics from the high pressure ambient of the sample. Strong </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/patents/multidimensional-printer" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/patents/multidimensional-printer"><span>Multidimensional Printer</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Glenn Holland and Andrei Kolmakov </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> A multidimensional printer makes a multidimensional structure from a liquid composition and includes: an energetic crosslinking particle source; a vacuum chamber that receives energetic crosslinking particles from the energetic crosslinking particle source; a membrane that transmits the energetic </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div> <article about="/patents/quasi-systolic-processor-and-quasi-systolic-array" class="nist-teaser" > <div class="nist-teaser__content-wrapper"> <header> <h3 class="nist-teaser__title"><a href="/patents/quasi-systolic-processor-and-quasi-systolic-array"><span>Quasi-Systolic Processor and Quasi-Systolic Array</span> </a></h3> <div class="nist-teaser__type"> <div class="nist-field nist-field--label-inline"> <div class="nist-field__label">NIST Inventors</div> Matthew Daniels , Mark D. Stiles and Advait Madhavan </div> </div> </header> <div class="nist-teaser__content"> <div class="text-long"> A quasi-systolic array includes: a primary quasi-systolic processor; an edge row bank and edge column bank of edge quasi-systolic processors; and an interior bank of interior quasi-systolic processors. The primary quasi-systolic processor, edge quasi-systolic processor, and interior quasi-systolic </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="https://www.nist.gov/patents/org/5936">View All Patents</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="nist-resource-block "> <div class="nist-resource-block__title-bar"> <div class="nist-resource-block__title"> <div class="nist-resource-block__icon"> </div> <h2> <div class="string">Of Interest</div> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="nist-resource-block__content"> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="text-long"><ul> <li><a href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/nanoscale-device-characterization-division/popular-links/hall-effect">Hall Effect</a><br> <span>The history of the Hall effect begins in 1879 when Edwin H. Hall discovered that a small transverse voltage appeared across a current-carrying thin metal strip in an applied magnetic field. Until that time, electrical measurements provided only the carrier density-mobility product, and the separation of these two important physical quantities had to rely on other difficult measurements. The discovery of the Hall effect enabled a direct measure of the carrier density. The polarity of this transverse Hall voltage proved that it is in fact electrons that are physically moving in an electric current. Development of the technique has since led to a mature and practical tool, which today is used routinely for characterizing the electrical properties and quality of almost all of the semiconductor materials used by industry and in research labs throughout the world.</span></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content-bottom" > <div class="nist-block nist-block--contact" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Contacts</h2> <div class="nist-contact"> <h3 class="nist-contact__heading">Division Chief</h3> <ul class="nist-contact__items"> <li about="/people/david-gundlach" class="nist-contact__item"> <div class="nist-contact__name"><a href="/people/david-gundlach" title="View staff profile page">David Gundlach</a></div> <div> <a href="mailto:david.gundlach@nist.gov">david.gundlach@nist.gov</a> </div> <div> (301) 975-2048 </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div data-elastic-exclude>  <footer class="nist-footer padding-bottom-4"> <div class="grid-container nist-footer__info"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__logo"> <a href="/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home"> <img class="nist-footer__logo-img" src="/libraries/nist-component-library/dist/img/logo/NIST-Logo-Brand-White.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" width="300px" height="42px" /> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__contact"> <h3 class="nist-footer__contact-heading">HEADQUARTERS</h3> <address> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899<br> <a href="tel:301-975-2000">301-975-2000</a> </address> <p> <a href="mailto:do-webmaster@nist.gov">Webmaster</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/about-nist/contact-us">Contact Us</a> | <a href="https://www.nist.gov/visit">Our Other Offices</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-6"> <div class="nist-footer__social-links"> <a class="nist-social nist-social--x-white" href=" https://x.com/NIST"> <span>X.com</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--facebook-white" href=" https://www.facebook.com/NIST"> <span>Facebook</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--linkedin-white" href=" https://www.linkedin.com/company/nist"> <span>LinkedIn</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--instagram-white" href=" https://www.instagram.com/nist/"> <span>Instagram</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--youtube-white" href=" https://www.youtube.com/NIST"> <span>YouTube</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--giphy-white" href=" https://giphy.com/nist"> <span>Giphy</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--rss-white" href=" https://www.nist.gov/news-events/nist-rss-feeds"> <span>RSS Feed</span> </a> <a class="nist-social nist-social--envelope-white" href=" https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new"> <span>Mailing List</span> </a> </div> <div class="nist-footer__feedback"> How are we doing? 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