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threshold nanowire laser</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: low threshold nanowire laser"> <meta name="keywords" content="low threshold nanowire laser"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="low threshold nanowire laser"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1646</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: low threshold nanowire laser</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1646</span> Room Temperature Lasing from InGaAs Quantum Well Nanowires on Silicon-On-Insulator Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balthazar%20Temu">Balthazar Temu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Yan"> Zhao Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan-Petrin%20Ratiu"> Bogdan-Petrin Ratiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soon%20Oh"> Sang Soon Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quantum confinement can be used to increase efficiency and control the emitted spectra in lasers and LEDs. In semiconductor nanowires, quantum confinement can be achieved in the axial direction by stacking multiple quantum disks or in the radial direction by forming a core-shell structure. In this work we demonstrate room temperature lasing in topological photonic crystal nanowire array lasers by using the InGaAs radial quantum well as the gain material. The nanowires with the GaAs/ InGaAs/ InGaP quantum well structure are arranged in a deformed honeycomb lattice, forming a photonic crystal surface emitting laser (PCSEL) . Under optical pumping we show that the PCSEL lase at the wavelength of 1001 nm (undeformed pattern) and 966 nm (stretched pattern), with the lasing threshold of 103 µJ〖/cm 〗^2. We compare the lasing wavelengths from devices with three different nanowire diameters for undeformed compressed and stretched devices, showing that the lasing wavelength increases as the nanowire diameter increases. The impact of deforming the honeycomb pattern is studied, where it was found out that the lasing wavelengths of undeformed devices are always larger than the corresponding stretched or compressed devices with the same nanowire diameter. Using photoluminescence results and numerical simulations on the field profile and the quality factors of the devices, we establish that the lasing of the device is from the radial quantum well structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycomb%20PCSEL" title="honeycomb PCSEL">honeycomb PCSEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire%20laser" title=" nanowire laser"> nanowire laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20laser" title=" photonic crystal laser"> photonic crystal laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20well%20laser" title=" quantum well laser"> quantum well laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193549/room-temperature-lasing-from-ingaas-quantum-well-nanowires-on-silicon-on-insulator-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1645</span> Design and Simulation of Low Threshold Nanowire Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balthazar%20Temu">Balthazar Temu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Yan"> Zhao Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan-Petrin%20Ratiu"> Bogdan-Petrin Ratiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soon%20Oh"> Sang Soon Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanowire based Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers (PCSELs) reported in the literature have been designed using a triangular, square or honeycomb patterns. The triangular and square pattern PCSELs have limited degrees of freedom in tuning the design parameters which hinders the ability to design high quality factor (Q-factor) devices. Nanowire based PCSELs designed using triangular and square patterns have been reported with the lasing thresholds of 130 kW/〖cm〗^2 and 7 kW/〖cm〗^2 respectively. On the other hand the honeycomb pattern gives more degrees of freedom in tuning the design parameters, which can allow one to design high Q-factor devices. A deformed honeycomb pattern device was reported with lasing threshold of 6.25 W/〖cm〗^2 corresponding to a simulated Q-factor of 5.84X〖10〗^5.Despite this achievement, the design principles which can lead to realization of even higher Q-factor honeycomb pattern PCSELs have not yet been investigated. In this work we show that through deforming the honeycomb pattern and tuning the heigh and lattice constants of the nanowires, it is possible to achieve even higher Q-factor devices. Considering three different band edge modes, we investigate how the resonance wavelength changes as the device is deformed, which is useful in designing high Q-factor devices in different wavelength bands. We eventually establish the design and simulation of honeycomb PCSELs operating around the wavelength of 960nm , in the O and the C band with Q-factors up to 7X〖10〗^7. We also investigate the Q-factors of undeformed device, and establish that the mode at the band edge close to 960nm can attain highest Q-factor of all the modes when the device is undeformed and the Q-factor degrades as the device is deformed. This work is a stepping stone towards the fabrication of very high Q-factor, nanowire based honey comb PCSELs, which are expected to have very low lasing threshold. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designing%20nanowire%20PCSEL" title="designing nanowire PCSEL">designing nanowire PCSEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designing%20PCSEL%20on%20silicon%20substrates" title=" designing PCSEL on silicon substrates"> designing PCSEL on silicon substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20threshold%20nanowire%20laser" title=" low threshold nanowire laser"> low threshold nanowire laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20of%20photonic%20crystal%20lasers" title=" simulation of photonic crystal lasers"> simulation of photonic crystal lasers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193552/design-and-simulation-of-low-threshold-nanowire-photonic-crystal-surface-emitting-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1644</span> Designing Electrically Pumped Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers Based on a Honeycomb Nanowire Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balthazar%20Temu">Balthazar Temu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Yan"> Zhao Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan-Petrin%20Ratiu"> Bogdan-Petrin Ratiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soon%20Oh"> Sang Soon Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) has recently become an area of active research because of the advantages these lasers have over the edge emitting lasers and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). PCSELs can emit laser beams with high power (from the order of few milliwatts to Watts or even tens of Watts) which scales with the emission area while maintaining single mode operation even at large emission areas. Most PCSELs reported in the literature are air-hole based, with only few demonstrations of nanowire based PCSELs. We previously reported an optically pumped, nanowire based PCSEL operating in the O band by using the honeycomb lattice. The nanowire based PCSELs have the advantage of being able to grow on silicon platform without threading dislocations. It is desirable to extend their operating wavelength to C band to open more applications including eye-safe sensing, lidar and long haul optical communications. In this work we first analyze how the lattice constant , nanowire diameter, nanowire height and side length of the hexagon in the honeycomb pattern can be changed to increase the operating wavelength of the honeycomb based PCSELs to the C band. Then as an attempt to make our device electrically pumped, we present the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation results with metals on the nanowire. The results for different metals on the nanowire are presented in order to choose the metal which gives the device with the best quality factor. The metals under consideration are those which form good ohmic contact with p-type doped InGaAs with low contact resistivity and decent sticking coefficient to the semiconductor. Such metals include Tungsten, Titanium, Palladium and Platinum. Using the chosen metal we demonstrate the impact of thickness of the metal for a given nanowire height on the quality factor of the device. We also investigate how the height of the nanowire affects the quality factor for a fixed thickness of the metal. Finally, the main steps in making the practical device are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designing%20nanowire%20PCSEL" title="designing nanowire PCSEL">designing nanowire PCSEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=designing%20PCSEL%20on%20silicon%20substrates" title=" designing PCSEL on silicon substrates"> designing PCSEL on silicon substrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20threshold%20nanowire%20laser" title=" low threshold nanowire laser"> low threshold nanowire laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20of%20photonic%20crystal%20lasers." title=" simulation of photonic crystal lasers."> simulation of photonic crystal lasers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193555/designing-electrically-pumped-photonic-crystal-surface-emitting-lasers-based-on-a-honeycomb-nanowire-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1643</span> Designing Nanowire Based Honeycomb Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balthazar%20Temu">Balthazar Temu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Yan"> Zhao Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan-Petrin%20Ratiu"> Bogdan-Petrin Ratiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Soon%20Oh"> Sang Soon Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Li"> Qiang Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers (PCSELs) are structures which are made up of a periodically repeating patterns with a unit cell consisting of changes in refractive index. The variation in refractive index can be achieved by etching air holes in a semiconductor material to get hole based PCSELs or by growing nanowires to get nanowire based PCSELs. As opposed to hole based PCSELs, nanowire based PCSELs can be integrated on silicon platform without threading dislocations, thanks to the small area of the nanowire that is in contact with silicon substrate that relaxes the strain. Nanowire based PCSELs reported in the literature have been designed using a triangular, square or honeycomb patterns. The triangular and square pattern PCSELs have limited degrees of freedom in tuning the design parameters which hinders the ability to design high quality factor (Q-factor) and/or variable wavelength devices. Nanowire based PCSELs designed using triangular and square patterns have been reported with the lasing thresholds of 130 kW/〖cm〗^2 and 7 kW/〖cm〗^2 respectively. On the other hand the honeycomb pattern gives more degrees of freedom in tuning the design parameters, which can allow one to design high Q-factor devices. A deformed honeycomb pattern device was reported with lasing threshold of 6.25 W/〖cm〗^2 corresponding to a simulated Q-factor of 5.84X〖10〗^5.Despite this achievement, the design principles which can lead to realization of even higher Q-factor honeycomb pattern PCSELs have not yet been investigated. In this work we study how the resonance wavelength and the Q-factor of three different resonance modes of the device vary when their design parameters are tuned. Through this study we establish the design and simulation of devices operating in 970nm wavelength band, O band and in the C band with quality factors up to 7X〖10〗^7 . We also investigate the quality factors of undeformed device and establish that the band edge close to 970nm can attain high quality factor when the device is undeformed and the quality factor degrades as the device is deformed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycomb%20PCSEL" title="honeycomb PCSEL">honeycomb PCSEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire%20laser" title=" nanowire laser"> nanowire laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20laser" title=" photonic crystal laser"> photonic crystal laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20of%20photonic%20crystal%20surface%20emitting%20laser" title=" simulation of photonic crystal surface emitting laser"> simulation of photonic crystal surface emitting laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193577/designing-nanowire-based-honeycomb-photonic-crystal-surface-emitting-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">11</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1642</span> Top-Down Approach for Fabricating Hematite Nanowire Arrays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungmin%20Shin">Seungmin Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin-Baek%20Kim"> Jin-Baek Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hematite (α-Fe2O3) has very good semiconducting properties with a band gap of 2.1 eV and is antiferromagnetic. Due to its electrochemical stability, low toxicity, wide abundance, and low-cost, hematite, it is a particularly attractive material for photoelectrochemical cells. Additionally, hematite has also found applications in gas sensing, field emission, heterogeneous catalysis, and lithium-ion battery electrodes. Here, we discovered a new universal top-down method for the synthesis of one-dimensional hematite nanowire arrays. Various shapes and lengths of hematite nanowire have been easily fabricated over large areas by sequential processes. The obtained hematite nanowire arrays are promising candidates as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical solar cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematite" title="hematite">hematite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithography" title=" lithography"> lithography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top-down%20process" title=" top-down process"> top-down process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36937/top-down-approach-for-fabricating-hematite-nanowire-arrays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1641</span> Study of Laser Induced Damage Threshold in HfO₂/SiO₂ Multilayer Films after β-Ray Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meihua%20Fang">Meihua Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Fei"> Tao Fei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Post-processing can effectively improve the resistance to laser damage in multilayer films used in a high power laser system. In this work, HfO₂/SiO₂ multilayer films are prepared by e-beam evaporation and then β-ray irradiation is employed as the post-processing method. The particle irradiation affects the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT), which includes defects, surface roughness, packing density, and residual stress. The residual stress that is relaxed during irradiation changes from compressive stress into tensile stress. Our results indicate that appropriate tensile stress can improve LIDT remarkably. In view of the fact that LIDT rises from 8 J/cm² to 12 J/cm², i.e., 50% increase, after the film has been irradiated by 2.2×10¹³/cm² β-ray, the particle irradiation can be used as a controllable and desirable post-processing method to improve the resistance to laser induced damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-ray%20irradiation" title="β-ray irradiation">β-ray irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20film" title=" multilayer film"> multilayer film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser-induced%20damage%20threshold" title=" laser-induced damage threshold"> laser-induced damage threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112875/study-of-laser-induced-damage-threshold-in-hfo2sio2-multilayer-films-after-v-ray-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1640</span> Laser Induced Transient Current in Quasi-One-Dimensional Nanostructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tokuei%20Sako">Tokuei Sako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light-induced ultrafast charge transfer in low-dimensional nanostructure has been studied by a model of a few electrons confined in a 1D electrostatic potential coupled to electrodes at both ends and subjected to an ultrashort pulsed laser field. The time-propagation of the one- and two-electron wave packets has been calculated by integrating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation by the symplectic integrator method with uniform Fourier grid. The temporal behavior of the resultant light-induced current in the studied systems has been discussed with respect to the central frequency and pulse width of the applied laser fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20field" title="pulsed laser field">pulsed laser field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wave%20packet" title=" wave packet"> wave packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19313/laser-induced-transient-current-in-quasi-one-dimensional-nanostructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1639</span> Modified Model for UV-Laser Corneal Ablation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Hassab%20Elnaby">Salah Hassab Elnaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Hamdy"> Omnia Hamdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziza%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Aziza Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Abdelkawi"> Salwa Abdelkawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Abdelhalim"> Ibrahim Abdelhalim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser corneal reshaping has been proposed as a successful treatment of many refraction disorders. However, some physical and chemical demonstrations of the laser effect upon interaction with the corneal tissue are still not fully explained. Therefore, different computational and mathematical models have been implemented to predict the depth of the ablated channel and calculate the ablation threshold and the local temperature rise. In the current paper, we present a modified model that aims to answer some of the open questions about the ablation threshold, the ablation rate, and the physical and chemical mechanisms of that action. The proposed model consists of three parts. The first part deals with possible photochemical reactions between the incident photons and various components of the cornea (collagen, water, etc.). Such photochemical reactions may end by photo-ablation or just the electronic excitation of molecules. Then a chemical reaction is responsible for the ablation threshold. Finally, another chemical reaction produces fragments that can be cleared out. The model takes into account all processes at the same time with different probabilities. Moreover, the effect of applying different laser wavelengths that have been studied before, namely the common excimer laser (193-nm) and the solid state lasers (213-nm & 266-nm), has been investigated. Despite the success and ubiquity of the ArF laser, the presented results reveal that a carefully designed 213-nm laser gives the same results with lower operational drawbacks. Moreover, the use of mode locked laser could also decrease the risk of heat generation and diffusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20lasers" title="UV lasers">UV lasers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corneal%20ablation" title=" corneal ablation"> corneal ablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photochemical%20ablation" title=" photochemical ablation"> photochemical ablation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160661/modified-model-for-uv-laser-corneal-ablation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1638</span> Nanowire by Ac Electrodeposition Into Nanoporous Alumina Fabrication of High Aspect Ratio Metalic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Beyzaiea">M. Beyzaiea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammadia"> S. Mohammadia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High aspect ratio metallic (silver, cobalt) nanowire arrays were fabricated using ac electrodeposition techniques into the nanoporous alumina template. The template with long pore dept fabricated by hard anodization (HA) and thinned for ac electrodeposition. Template preparation was done in short time by using HA technique and high speed thing process. The TEM and XRD investigation confirm the three dimensional nucleation growth mechanism of metallic nanowire inside the nanoporous alumina that fabricated by HA process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic" title="metallic">metallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoporous%20alumina" title=" nanoporous alumina"> nanoporous alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ac%20electrodeposition" title=" ac electrodeposition"> ac electrodeposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43733/nanowire-by-ac-electrodeposition-into-nanoporous-alumina-fabrication-of-high-aspect-ratio-metalic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1637</span> Investigating the Effect of High Intensity Laser and Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Yassin">Marzieh Yassin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizeh%20Parandnia"> Azizeh Parandnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Sarrafzadeh"> Javad Sarrafzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Salehi"> Reza Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain syndromes and are associated with pain, tenderness, and limited range of motion (ROM). This study compared the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and dry needling (DN) on pain intensity, pain pressure threshold, cervical range of motion and disability in people with chronic neck pain. Method and Material: 30 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into two groups: a HILT group (n=15) and a DN group (n=15). Treatment sessions were performed for three weeks, and all participants received related intervention twice a week (5 sessions). The pain level was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured using a digital algometer; perceived disability was measured using the neck disability index (NDI); and cervical range of movements (CROMs) were measured using an iPhone app (lateral flexion) and a goniometer (Rotation). Results: In both the dry needling and high-intensity laser therapy groups, the pain and neck disability were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Also, the pain pressure threshold and cervical range of motions were significantly increased in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both high-intensity laser therapy and dry needling can be used to treat chronic neck pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20neck%20pain" title="chronic neck pain">chronic neck pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title=" dry needling"> dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20intensity%20laser%20therapy%20%28HILT%29" title=" high intensity laser therapy (HILT)"> high intensity laser therapy (HILT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20pressure%20threshold" title=" pain pressure threshold"> pain pressure threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174117/investigating-the-effect-of-high-intensity-laser-and-dry-needling-in-patients-with-chronic-neck-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1636</span> Synthesis of NiNW/ Cellulose Nano Hybrid via Liquid-Phase Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rahmah%20Shamsuri">Siti Rahmah Shamsuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eiichiro%20Matsubara"> Eiichiro Matsubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohei%20Shiomi"> Shohei Shiomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 1D nanomaterial is far surpassed the 0D nanomaterial. It does not just offer most of the benefit of the 0D nanomaterial such as the large surface area, a great number of active site and an efficient interfacial charge transfer but also can assemble into free-standing and flexible electrode due to their high aspect ratio. Thus, it is essential to develop a simple and ease synthesis of this 1D nanomaterial for the practical application. Here, nickel nanowire/cellulose hybrid has been successfully fabricated via a simple liquid-phase method with the assist of the magnetic field. A finer nickel nanowire was heterogeneously nucleated on the surface of the cellulose fiber, which demonstrated the effect of the hydroxyl group on the cellulose structure. The result of the nickel nanowire size was found to vary from 66-114 nm. A detailed discussion on the mechanism of the nickel nanowire/ cellulose hybrid formation is also shown in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20nanofiber" title="cellulose nanofiber">cellulose nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-phase%20reduction" title=" liquid-phase reduction"> liquid-phase reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nanowire" title=" metal nanowire"> metal nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20hybrid%20material" title=" nano hybrid material"> nano hybrid material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67588/synthesis-of-ninw-cellulose-nano-hybrid-via-liquid-phase-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1635</span> Dynamics of Light Induced Current in 1D Coupled Quantum Dots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tokuei%20Sako">Tokuei Sako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser-induced current in a quasi-one-dimensional nanostructure has been studied by a model of a few electrons confined in a 1D electrostatic potential coupled to electrodes at both ends and subjected to a pulsed laser field. The time-propagation of the one- and two-electron wave packets has been calculated by integrating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation directly by the symplectic integrator method with uniform Fourier grid. The temporal behavior of the resultant light-induced current in the studied systems has been discussed with respect to the lifetime of the quasi-bound states formed when the static bias voltage is applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsed%20laser%20field" title="pulsed laser field">pulsed laser field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire" title=" nanowire"> nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20wave%20packet" title=" electron wave packet"> electron wave packet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20Schr%C3%B6dinger%20equation" title=" time-dependent Schrödinger equation"> time-dependent Schrödinger equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22996/dynamics-of-light-induced-current-in-1d-coupled-quantum-dots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1634</span> Fabrication of Cylindrical Silicon Nanowire-Embedded Field Effect Transistor Using Al2O3 Transfer Layer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Hoon%20Lee">Sang Hoon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Il%20Lee"> Tae Il Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su%20Jeong%20Lee"> Su Jeong Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Min%20Myoung"> Jae Min Myoung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to manufacture short gap single Si nanowire (NW) field effect transistor (FET) by imprinting and transferring method, we introduce the method using Al2O3 sacrificial layer. The diameters of cylindrical Si NW addressed between Au electrodes by dielectrophoretic (DEP) alignment method are controlled to 106, 128, and 148 nm. After imprinting and transfer process, cylindrical Si NW is embedded in PVP adhesive and dielectric layer. By curing transferred cylindrical Si NW and Au electrodes on PVP-coated p++ Si substrate with 200nm-thick SiO2, 3μm gap Si NW FET fabrication was completed. As the diameter of embedded Si NW increases, the mobility of FET increases from 80.51 to 121.24 cm2/V•s and the threshold voltage moves from –7.17 to –2.44 V because the ratio of surface to volume gets reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al2O3%20sacrificial%20transfer%20layer" title="Al2O3 sacrificial transfer layer">Al2O3 sacrificial transfer layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20silicon%20nanowires" title=" cylindrical silicon nanowires"> cylindrical silicon nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dielectrophorestic%20alignment" title=" dielectrophorestic alignment"> dielectrophorestic alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20effect%20transistor" title=" field effect transistor"> field effect transistor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19299/fabrication-of-cylindrical-silicon-nanowire-embedded-field-effect-transistor-using-al2o3-transfer-layer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1633</span> Ultraviolet Lasing from Vertically-Aligned ZnO Nanowall Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Takahashi">Masahiro Takahashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kosuke%20Harada"> Kosuke Harada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shihomi%20Nakao"> Shihomi Nakao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mitsuhiro%20Higashihata"> Mitsuhiro Higashihata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Ikenoue"> Hiroshi Ikenoue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Nakamura"> Daisuke Nakamura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tatsuo%20Okada"> Tatsuo Okada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the light emitting materials in ultraviolet (UV) region. In addition, ZnO nanostructures are also attracting increasing research interest as building blocks for UV optoelectronic applications. We have succeeded in synthesizing vertically-aligned ZnO nanostructures by laser interference patterning, which is catalyst-free and non-contact technique. In this study, vertically-aligned ZnO nanowall arrays were synthesized using two-beam interference. The maximum height and average thickness of the ZnO nanowalls were about 4.5 µm and 200 nm, respectively. UV lasing from a piece of the ZnO nanowall was obtained under the third harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser excitation, and the estimated threshold power density for lasing was about 150 kW/cm2. Furthermore, UV lasing from the vertically-aligned ZnO nanowall was also achieved. The results indicate that ZnO nanowalls can be applied to random laser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title="zinc oxide">zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowall" title=" nanowall"> nanowall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20laser" title=" interference laser"> interference laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20lasing" title=" UV lasing"> UV lasing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23913/ultraviolet-lasing-from-vertically-aligned-zno-nanowall-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1632</span> Charge Transport of Individual Thermoelectric Bi₂Te₃ Core-Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrenesulfonate Shell Nanowires Determined Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Thongkham">W. Thongkham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sinthiptharakoon"> K. Sinthiptharakoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tantisantisom"> K. Tantisantisom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Klamchuen"> A. Klamchuen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Khanchaitit"> P. Khanchaitit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Jiramitmongkon"> K. Jiramitmongkon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Lertsatitthanakorn"> C. Lertsatitthanakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Liangruksa"> M. Liangruksa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to demands of sustainable energy, thermoelectricity converting waste heat into electrical energy has become one of the intensive fields of worldwide research. However, such harvesting technology has shown low device performance in the temperature range below 150℃. In this work, a hybrid nanowire of inorganic bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃) and organic poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) synthesized using a simple in-situ one-pot synthesis, enhancing efficiency of the nanowire-incorporated PEDOT:PSS-based thermoelectric converter is highlighted. Since the improvement is ascribed to the increased electrical conductivity of the thermoelectric host material, the individual hybrid nanowires are investigated using voltage-dependent conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) and spectroscopy (CAFS) considering that the electrical transport measurement can be performed either on insulating or conducting areas of the sample. Correlated with detailed chemical information on the crystalline structure and compositional profile of the nanowire core-shell structure, an electrical transporting pathway through the nanowire and the corresponding electronic-band structure have been determined, in which the native oxide layer on the Bi₂Te₃ surface is not considered, and charge conduction on the topological surface states of Bi₂Te₃ is suggested. Analyzing the core-shell nanowire synthesized using the conventional mixing of as-prepared Bi₂Te₃ nanowire with PEDOT:PSS for comparison, the oxide-removal effect of the in-situ encapsulating polymeric layer is further supported. The finding not only provides a structural information for mechanistic determination of the thermoelectricity, but it also encourages new approach toward more appropriate encapsulation and consequently higher efficiency of the nanowire-based thermoelectric generation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20transport%20measurement" title="electrical transport measurement">electrical transport measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20Bi%E2%82%82Te%E2%82%83-PEDOT%3APSS%20nanowire" title=" hybrid Bi₂Te₃-PEDOT:PSS nanowire"> hybrid Bi₂Te₃-PEDOT:PSS nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoencapsulation" title=" nanoencapsulation"> nanoencapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoelectricity" title=" thermoelectricity"> thermoelectricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topological%20insulator" title=" topological insulator"> topological insulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99787/charge-transport-of-individual-thermoelectric-bi2te3-core-poly34-ethylenedioxythiophenepolystyrenesulfonate-shell-nanowires-determined-using-conductive-atomic-force-microscopy-and-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1631</span> Enhancement in the Absorption Efficiency of Gaas/Inas Nanowire Solar Cells through a Decrease in Light Reflection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latef%20M.%20Ali">Latef M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20A.%20Abed"> Farah A. Abed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of the Barium fluoride (BaF2) layer on the absorption efficiency of GaAs/InAs nanowire solar cells was investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. By inserting the BaF2 as antireflection with the dominant size of 10 nm to fill the space between the shells of wires on the Si (111) substrate. The absorption is significantly improved due to the strong reabsorption of light reflected at the shells and compared with the reference cells. The present simulation leads to a higher absorption efficiency (Qabs) and reaches a value of 97%, and the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) above 92% are observed. The current density (Jsc) increases by 0.22 mA/cm2 and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is enhanced by 0.11 mV. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanowire%20solar%20cells" title="nanowire solar cells">nanowire solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20efficiency" title=" absorption efficiency"> absorption efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title=" photovoltaic"> photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20structures" title=" band structures"> band structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fdtd%20simulation" title=" fdtd simulation"> fdtd simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167993/enhancement-in-the-absorption-efficiency-of-gaasinas-nanowire-solar-cells-through-a-decrease-in-light-reflection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1630</span> Wobbled Laser Beam Welding for Macro-to Micro-Fabrication Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Vakili-Farahani">Farzad Vakili-Farahani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joern%20Lungershausen"> Joern Lungershausen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kilian%20Wasmer"> Kilian Wasmer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wobbled laser beam welding, fast oscillations of a tiny laser beam within a designed path (weld geometry) during the laser pulse illumination, opens new possibilities to improve the marco-to micro-manufacturing process. The present work introduces the wobbled laser beam welding as a robust welding strategy for improving macro-to micro-fabrication process, e.g., the laser processing for gap-bridging and packaging industry. The typical requisites and relevant equipment for the development of a wobbled laser processing unit are addressed, including a suitable laser source, light delivery system, optics, proper beam deflection system and the design geometry. In addition, experiments have been carried out on titanium plate to compare the results of wobbled laser welding with conventional pulsed laser welding. As compared to the pulsed laser welding, the wobbled laser welding offers a much greater fusion area (i.e. additional molten material) while minimizing the HAZ and provides a better confinement of the material microstructural changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wobbled%20laser%20beam%20welding" title="wobbled laser beam welding">wobbled laser beam welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wobbling%20function" title=" wobbling function"> wobbling function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20oscillation" title=" beam oscillation"> beam oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20welding" title=" micro welding"> micro welding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56603/wobbled-laser-beam-welding-for-macro-to-micro-fabrication-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1629</span> Fabrication of Silver Nanowire Based Low Temperature Conductive Ink</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Nur%20G%C3%BCven%20Bi%C3%A7er">Merve Nur Güven Biçer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conductive inks are used extensively in electronic devices like sensors, batteries, photovoltaic devices, antennae, and organic light-emitting diodes. These inks are typically made from silver. Wearable technology is another industry that requires inks to be flexible. The aim of this study is the fabrication of low-temperature silver paste by synthesis long silver nanowires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20ink" title="silver ink">silver ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductive%20ink" title=" conductive ink"> conductive ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20temperature%20conductive%20ink" title=" low temperature conductive ink"> low temperature conductive ink</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanowire" title=" silver nanowire"> silver nanowire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143795/fabrication-of-silver-nanowire-based-low-temperature-conductive-ink" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1628</span> Bright–Dark Pulses in Nonlinear Polarisation Rotation Based Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Z.%20R.%20R.%20Rosdin">R. Z. R. R. Rosdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Ali"> N. M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Harun"> S. W. Harun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Arof"> H. Arof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have experimentally demonstrated bright-dark pulses in a nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) based mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with a long cavity configuration. Bright–dark pulses could be achieved when the laser works in the passively mode-locking regime and the net group velocity dispersion is quite anomalous. The EDFL starts to generate a bright pulse train with degenerated dark pulse at the mode-locking threshold pump power of 35.09 mW by manipulating the polarization states of the laser oscillation modes using a polarization controller (PC). A split bright–dark pulse is generated when further increasing the pump power up to 37.95 mW. Stable bright pulses with no obvious evidence of a dark pulse can also be generated when further adjusting PC and increasing the pump power up to 52.19 mW. At higher pump power of 54.96 mW, a new form of bright-dark pulse emission was successfully identified with the repetition rate of 29 kHz. The bright and dark pulses have a duration of 795.5 ns and 640 ns, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erbium-doped%20fiber%20laser" title="Erbium-doped fiber laser">Erbium-doped fiber laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20polarization%20rotation" title=" nonlinear polarization rotation"> nonlinear polarization rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bright-dark%20pulse" title=" bright-dark pulse"> bright-dark pulse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic" title=" photonic"> photonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19127/bright-dark-pulses-in-nonlinear-polarisation-rotation-based-erbium-doped-fiber-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1627</span> Laser Beam Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih.%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih. V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254/laser-beam-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1626</span> Laser Light Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251/laser-light-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1625</span> Extremal Laplacian Energy of Threshold Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ahmad%20Mojallal">Seyed Ahmad Mojallal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G be a connected threshold graph of order n with m edges and trace T. In this talk we give a lower bound on Laplacian energy in terms of n, m, and T of G. From this we determine the threshold graphs with the first four minimal Laplacian energies. We also list the first 20 minimal Laplacian energies among threshold graphs. Let σ=σ(G) be the number of Laplacian eigenvalues greater than or equal to average degree of graph G. Using this concept, we obtain the threshold graphs with the largest and the second largest Laplacian energies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20eigenvalues" title="Laplacian eigenvalues">Laplacian eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20energy" title=" Laplacian energy"> Laplacian energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20graphs" title=" threshold graphs"> threshold graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremal%20graphs" title=" extremal graphs"> extremal graphs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332/extremal-laplacian-energy-of-threshold-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1624</span> Hole Characteristics of Percussion and Single Pulse Laser-Incised Radiata Pine and the Effects of Wood Anatomy on Laser-Incision</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhasisa%20Nath">Subhasisa Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Waugh"> David Waugh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graham%20Ormondroyd"> Graham Ormondroyd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morwenna%20Spear"> Morwenna Spear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andy%20Pitman"> Andy Pitman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Mason"> Paul Mason</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood is one of the most sustainable and environmentally favourable materials and is chemically treated in timber industries to maximise durability. To increase the chemical preservative uptake and retention by the wood, current limiting incision technologies are commonly used. This work reports the effects of single pulse CO2 laser-incision and frequency tripled Nd:YAG percussion laser-incision on the characteristics of laser-incised holes in the Radiata Pine. The laser-incision studies were based on changing laser wavelengths, energies and focal planes to conclude on an optimised combination for the laser-incision of Radiata Pine. The laser pulse duration had a dominant effect over laser power in controlling hole aspect ratio in CO2 laser-incision. A maximum depth of ~ 30 mm was measured with a laser power output of 170 W and a pulse duration of 80 ms. However, increased laser power led to increased carbonisation of holes. The carbonisation effect was reduced during laser-incision in the ultra-violet (UV) regime. Deposition of a foamy phase on the laser-incised hole wall was evident irrespective of laser radiation wavelength and energy. A maximum hole depth of ~20 mm was measured in the percussion laser-incision in the UV regime (355 nm) with a pulse energy of 320 mJ. The radial and tangential faces had a significant effect on laser-incision efficiency for all laser wavelengths. The laser-incised hole shapes and circularities were affected by the wood anatomy (earlywoods and latewoods in the structure). Subsequently, the mechanism of laser-incision is proposed by analysing the internal structure of laser-incised holes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20Laser" title="CO2 Laser">CO2 Laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nd%3A%20YAG%20laser" title=" Nd: YAG laser"> Nd: YAG laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incision" title=" incision"> incision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling" title=" drilling"> drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hole%20characteristics" title=" hole characteristics"> hole characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450/hole-characteristics-of-percussion-and-single-pulse-laser-incised-radiata-pine-and-the-effects-of-wood-anatomy-on-laser-incision" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1623</span> Laser Paint Stripping on Large Zones on AA 2024 Based Substrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selen%20Unaldi">Selen Unaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Richaud"> Emmanuel Richaud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthieu%20Gervais"> Matthieu Gervais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Berthe"> Laurent Berthe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aircrafts are painted with several layers to guarantee their protection from external attacks. For aluminum AA 2024-T3 (metallic structural part of the plane), a protective primer is applied to ensure its corrosion protection. On top of this layer, the top coat is applied for aesthetic aspects. During the lifetime of an aircraft, top coat stripping has an essential role which should be operated as an average of every four years. However, since conventional stripping processes create hazardous disposals and need long hours of labor work, alternative methods have been investigated. Amongst them, laser stripping appears as one of the most promising techniques not only because of the reasons mentioned above but also its controllable and monitorable aspects. The application of a laser beam from the coated side provides stripping, but the depth of the process should be well controlled in order to prevent damage to a substrate and the anticorrosion primer. Apart from that, thermal effects should be taken into account on the painted layers. As an alternative, we worked on developing a process that includes the usage of shock wave propagation to create the stripping via mechanical effects with the application of the beam from the substrate side (back face) of the samples. Laser stripping was applied on thickness-specified samples with a thickness deviation of 10-20%. First, the stripping threshold is determined as a function of power density which is the first flight off of the top coats. After obtaining threshold values, the same power densities were applied to specimens to create large stripping zones with a spot overlap of 10-40%. Layer characteristics were determined on specimens in terms of physicochemical properties and thickness range both before and after laser stripping in order to validate the substrate material health and coating properties. The substrate health is monitored by measuring the roughness of the laser-impacted zones and free surface energy tests (both before and after laser stripping). Also, Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) is determined from VISAR diagnostic on AA 2024-T3 substrates (for the back face surface deformations). In addition, the coating properties are investigated as a function of adhesion levels and anticorrosion properties (neutral salt spray test). The influence of polyurethane top-coat thickness is studied in order to verify the laser stripping process window for industrial aircraft applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aircraft%20coatings" title="aircraft coatings">aircraft coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20stripping" title=" laser stripping"> laser stripping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20adhesion%20tests" title=" laser adhesion tests"> laser adhesion tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144931/laser-paint-stripping-on-large-zones-on-aa-2024-based-substrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1622</span> Enhancing of Laser Imaging by Using Ultrasound Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayder%20Raad%20Hafuze">Hayder Raad Hafuze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munqith%20Saleem%20Dawood"> Munqith Saleem Dawood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Abdul%20Jabbar"> Jamal Abdul Jabbar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of using both ultrasounds with laser in medical imaging of the biological tissue has been studied in this paper. Different wave lengths of incident laser light (405 nm, 532 nm, 650 nm, 808 nm and 1064 nm) were used with different ultrasound frequencies (1MHz and 3.3MHz). The results showed that, the change of acoustic intensity enhance the laser penetration of the tissue for different thickness. The existence of the ideal Raman-Nath diffraction pattern were investigated in terms of phase delay and incident angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue" title="tissue">tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect" title=" effect"> effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging "> imaging </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45517/enhancing-of-laser-imaging-by-using-ultrasound-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1621</span> The Asymptotic Hole Shape in Long Pulse Laser Drilling: The Influence of Multiple Reflections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Torsten%20Hermanns">Torsten Hermanns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=You%20Wang"> You Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Janssen"> Stefan Janssen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Niessen"> Markus Niessen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Schoeler"> Christoph Schoeler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrich%20Thombansen"> Ulrich Thombansen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wolfgang%20Schulz"> Wolfgang Schulz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In long pulse laser drilling of metals, it can be demonstrated that the ablation shape approaches a so-called asymptotic shape such that it changes only slightly or not at all with further irradiation. These findings are already known from ultra short pulse (USP) ablation of dielectric and semiconducting materials. The explanation for the occurrence of an asymptotic shape in long pulse drilling of metals is identified, a model for the description of the asymptotic hole shape numerically implemented, tested and clearly confirmed by comparison with experimental data. The model assumes a robust process in that way that the characteristics of the melt flow inside the arising melt film does not change qualitatively by changing the laser or processing parameters. Only robust processes are technically controllable and thus of industrial interest. The condition for a robust process is identified by a threshold for the mass flow density of the assist gas at the hole entrance which has to be exceeded. Within a robust process regime the melt flow characteristics can be captured by only one model parameter, namely the intensity threshold. In analogy to USP ablation (where it is already known for a long time that the resulting hole shape results from a threshold for the absorbed laser fluency) it is demonstrated that in the case of robust long pulse ablation the asymptotic shape forms in that way that along the whole contour the absorbed heat flux density is equal to the intensity threshold. The intensity threshold depends on the special material and radiation properties and has to be calibrated be one reference experiment. The model is implemented in a numerical simulation which is called AsymptoticDrill and requires such a few amount of resources that it can run on common desktop PCs, laptops or even smart devices. Resulting hole shapes can be calculated within seconds what depicts a clear advantage over other simulations presented in literature in the context of industrial every day usage. Against this background the software additionally is equipped with a user-friendly GUI which allows an intuitive usage. Individual parameters can be adjusted using sliders while the simulation result appears immediately in an adjacent window. A platform independent development allow a flexible usage: the operator can use the tool to adjust the process in a very convenient manner on a tablet during the developer can execute the tool in his office in order to design new processes. Furthermore, at the best knowledge of the authors AsymptoticDrill is the first simulation which allows the import of measured real beam distributions and thus calculates the asymptotic hole shape on the basis of the real state of the specific manufacturing system. In this paper the emphasis is placed on the investigation of the effect of multiple reflections on the asymptotic hole shape which gain in importance when drilling holes with large aspect ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20hole%20shape" title="asymptotic hole shape">asymptotic hole shape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20threshold" title=" intensity threshold"> intensity threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20pulse%20laser%20drilling" title=" long pulse laser drilling"> long pulse laser drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20process" title=" robust process"> robust process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77744/the-asymptotic-hole-shape-in-long-pulse-laser-drilling-the-influence-of-multiple-reflections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1620</span> Study on the Non-Contact Sheet Resistance Measuring of Silver Nanowire Coated Film Using Terahertz Wave</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Hyun%20Kim">Dong-Hyun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan-Ho%20Chung"> Wan-Ho Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hak-Sung%20Kim"> Hak-Sung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, non-destructive evaluation was conducted to measure the sheet resistance of silver nanowire coated film and find a damage of that film using terahertz (THz) wave. Pulse type THz instrument was used, and the measurement was performed under transmission and pitch-catch reflection modes with 30 degree of incidence angle. In the transmission mode, the intensity of the THz wave was gradually increased as the conductivity decreased. Meanwhile, the intensity of THz wave was decreased as the conductivity decreased in the pitch-catch reflection mode. To confirm the conductivity of the film, sheet resistance was measured by 4-point probe station. Interaction formula was drawn from a relation between the intensity and the sheet resistance. Through substituting sheet resistance to the formula and comparing the resultant value with measured maximum THz wave intensity, measurement of sheet resistance using THz wave was more suitable than that using 4-point probe station. In addition, the damage on the silver nanowire coated film was detected by applying the THz image system. Therefore, the reliability of the entire film can be also be ensured. In conclusion, real-time monitoring using the THz wave can be applied in the transparent electrodes with detecting the damaged area as well as measuring the sheet resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terahertz%20wave" title="terahertz wave">terahertz wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20resistance" title=" sheet resistance"> sheet resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20evaluation" title=" non-destructive evaluation"> non-destructive evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanowire" title=" silver nanowire"> silver nanowire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20528/study-on-the-non-contact-sheet-resistance-measuring-of-silver-nanowire-coated-film-using-terahertz-wave" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">490</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1619</span> Experimental Demonstration of an Ultra-Low Power Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser for Optical Power Generation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nazhan">S. Nazhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20K.%20Al-Musawi"> Hassan K. Al-Musawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20A.%20Humood"> Khalid A. Humood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the influence of current modulation on the properties of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a direct square wave modulation. The optical output power response, as a function of the pumping current, modulation frequency, and amplitude, is measured for an 850 nm VCSEL. We demonstrate that modulation frequency and amplitude play important roles in reducing the VCSEL’s power consumption for optical generation. Indeed, even when the biasing current is below the static threshold, the VCSEL emits optical power under the square wave modulation. The power consumed by the device to generate light is significantly reduced to > 50%, which is below the threshold current, in response to both the modulation frequency and amplitude. An operating VCSEL device at low power is very desirable for less thermal effects, which are essential for a high-speed modulation bandwidth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical-cavity%20surface-emitting%20lasers" title="vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers">vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCSELs" title=" VCSELs"> VCSELs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20power%20generation" title=" optical power generation"> optical power generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20consumption" title=" power consumption"> power consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20modulation" title=" square wave modulation"> square wave modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123396/experimental-demonstration-of-an-ultra-low-power-vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser-for-optical-power-generation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1618</span> Comparative Study of Bending Angle in Laser Forming Process Using Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hassani">M. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Hassani"> Y. Hassani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ajudanioskooei"> N. Ajudanioskooei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20N.%20Benvid"> N. N. Benvid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser Forming process as a non-contact thermal forming process is widely used to forming and bending of metallic and non-metallic sheets. In this process, according to laser irradiation along a specific path, sheet is bent. One of the most important output parameters in laser forming is bending angle that depends on process parameters such as physical and mechanical properties of materials, laser power, laser travel speed and the number of scan passes. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic System were used to predict of bending angle in laser forming process. Inputs to these models were laser travel speed and laser power. The comparison between artificial neural network and fuzzy logic models with experimental results has been shown both of these models have high ability to prediction of bending angles with minimum errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20angle" title=" bending angle"> bending angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20forming" title=" laser forming"> laser forming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34045/comparative-study-of-bending-angle-in-laser-forming-process-using-artificial-neural-network-and-fuzzy-logic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1617</span> Optimum Er: YAG Laser Parameters for Orthodontic Composite Debonding: An in vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Zamzam">Mohammad Zamzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Bachir"> Wesam Bachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imad%20Asaad"> Imad Asaad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several studies have produced estimates of Er:YAG laser parameters and specifications but there is still insufficient data for reliable selection of laser parameters. As a consequence, there is a heightened need for ideal specifications of Er:YAG laser to reduce the amount of enamel ablation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of Er:YAG laser parameters, energy level and pulse duration, on orthodontic composite removal after bracket debonding. The sample consisted of 45 cuboids of orthodontic composite made by plastic moulds. The samples were divided into three groups, each was irradiated with Er:YAG laser set at different energy levels and three values for pulse durations (50 µs, 100 µs, and 300 µs). Geometrical parameters (depth and area) of cavities formed by laser irradiation were determined. ANCOVA test showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.0.5) between the groups indicating a potential effect of laser pulse duration on the geometrical parameters after controlling laser energy level. A post-hoc Bonferroni test ranked the 50µ Er:YAG laser pulse as the most influential factor for all geometrical parameters in removing remnant composite from enamel surface. Also, 300 mJ laser pulses caused the largest removal of the composite. The results of the present study demonstrated the efficacy of 50 µs and 300 mJ Er:YAG laser pulse for removal of remnant orthodontic composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enamel" title="enamel">enamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er%3AYAG" title=" Er:YAG"> Er:YAG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20parameters" title=" geometrical parameters"> geometrical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20composite" title=" orthodontic composite"> orthodontic composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remnant%20composite" title=" remnant composite"> remnant composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6666/optimum-er-yag-laser-parameters-for-orthodontic-composite-debonding-an-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20threshold%20nanowire%20laser&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20threshold%20nanowire%20laser&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20threshold%20nanowire%20laser&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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