Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9F3B5VV3T3"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-9F3B5VV3T3'); </script> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment | Bentham Science </title> <meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport">  <meta content="o1gG7CdTtfyYwMvXMQrI16f0iOp2tHtQT33Es4Tz" name="csrf-token">  <meta name="description" content="Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials " /> <meta name="keywords" content="Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment"> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/72326" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com/images/bentham/CN-2020.jpg" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated antidepressant treatment effects for anti-inflammatory agents, both as add-on treatment and as monotherapy. In particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cytokine-inhibitors have shown antidepressant treatment effects compared to placebo, but also statins, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, pioglitazone, minocycline, modafinil, and corticosteroids may yield antidepressant treatment effects. However, the complexity of the inflammatory cascade, limited clinical evidence, and the risk for side effects stress cautiousness before clinical application. Thus, despite proof-of-concept studies of anti-inflammatory treatment effects in depression, important challenges remain to be investigated. Within this paper, we review the association between inflammation and depression together with the current evidence on use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Based on this, we address the questions and challenges that seem most important and relevant to future studies, such as timing, most effective treatment lengths and identification of subgroups of patients potentially responding better to different anti-inflammatory treatment regimens." /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ole Kohler" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jesper Krogh" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ole Mors" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Michael Eriksen Benros" /> <meta name="citation_publish_on" content="2015-12-08 " /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Current Neuropharmacology"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="14"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="7"> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="732"> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="742"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://www.eurekaselect.com/article/72326"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700" /> <script defer="" src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/app.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/jquery.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/js/all.min.js"></script>   <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/css/style.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/plugins/animate-hover/hover-min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/plugins/wow-animate/animate.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/assets/vendors/select2/css/select2.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link 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Box: Skovagervej 2, DK-8240, Risskov, Denmark.,Denmark </li></ul>">Ole Kohler</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="text-secondary" title="Affiliation" data-html="true" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<ul><li>,0 </li></ul>">Jesper Krogh</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="text-secondary" title="Affiliation" data-html="true" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<ul><li>,0 </li></ul>">Ole Mors</a> and <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="text-secondary" title="Affiliation" data-html="true" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="bottom" data-trigger="hover" data-content="<ul><li>,0 </li></ul>">Michael Eriksen Benros</a> </span> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>Volume 14, Issue 7, 2016 </p>  <p><strong>Page:</strong> [732 - 742] <span class="float-right"><strong>Pages:</strong> 11 </span></p> <p><strong>DOI:</strong> <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700" class="btn-link">10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700</a></p> <p><strong>Price:</strong> $65</a></p> </div> <form method="POST" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/cart" id="addtocartForm"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="o1gG7CdTtfyYwMvXMQrI16f0iOp2tHtQT33Es4Tz" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="param" value="eyJpdiI6Ijlja0UvODdGRTNGdlk2dkpWT2NEL2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiamxpNnE1ZkhFbytRME9OT0gyLzdNZz09IiwibWFjIjoiYmJlM2MzMjhjYmVkZDlkMjYzMmY5ZDczN2EwYmUzNTI3NjM4MmZjMDVkYjdkMGRmYTc1MjMzZDlmOTlhZGY2MSIsInRhZyI6IiJ9"> <div class="col-md-4 text-right"> <button type="submit" id="addcartbtn" class="btn btn-download hvr-icon-hang">Purchase<br>PDF<br><i class="fas fa-cart-plus hvr-icon"></i></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>   <main id="article"> <section> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="row text-center mb-4"> <div class="col-md-12 mb-2"> <a href="https://bit.ly/4hjxxkz" target="_blank"><img src="/Image/eyJpdiI6Inl0ajdQa3NicFFqZUYrekZqY1NUSWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNitqYlg4NHB5YzJ3bm5DQnZWRXdBOHFTUmZKTXJ4S1FqTWx6ZDRvSXgrRzN4dXozUnl3YkYzU2JZYzc0WDdoK2pGTlIrcW1VbHZzUmZDM2UxeXJEbDlucC9lVDBJTDJadzFRR0J1akJXQVNBWFRLbzcydHl2TW93d2l1OXZwZm5mQkZDY2w2QktOdStNaTFQU3BwaG13PT0iLCJtYWMiOiJhM2YzMDMxMjE0ZjA4MjQ2MjRmYzVhOWMxNTY0Y2YxOWRjN2FmNGI3Nzg0MzFmMWEwMjgwMjZlNTlkZTk4NDU0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0=" alt="Open Access Journals Promotions 2" class="img-fluid"></a> </div> </div>  <div id="abstract" class="card bigbox-hvr-slow"> <div class="card-header"> <h5>Abstract</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p class="text-justify"> Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated antidepressant treatment effects for anti-inflammatory agents, both as add-on treatment and as monotherapy. In particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cytokine-inhibitors have shown antidepressant treatment effects compared to placebo, but also statins, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, pioglitazone, minocycline, modafinil, and corticosteroids may yield antidepressant treatment effects. However, the complexity of the inflammatory cascade, limited clinical evidence, and the risk for side effects stress cautiousness before clinical application. Thus, despite proof-of-concept studies of anti-inflammatory treatment effects in depression, important challenges remain to be investigated. Within this paper, we review the association between inflammation and depression together with the current evidence on use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Based on this, we address the questions and challenges that seem most important and relevant to future studies, such as timing, most effective treatment lengths and identification of subgroups of patients potentially responding better to different anti-inflammatory treatment regimens. </p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong> <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue=Antidepressants">Antidepressants</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= anti-inflammatory treatment"> anti-inflammatory treatment</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= celecoxib"> celecoxib</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= cytokine-inhibitors"> cytokine-inhibitors</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= depression"> depression</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= statins."> statins.</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="card-body"> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/73123" class="float-left btn btn-primary btn-sm active" data-mdb-toggle="button" autocomplete="off" aria-pressed="true">« Previous</a> <a href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/72938" class="float-right btn btn-primary btn-sm active" data-mdb-toggle="button" autocomplete="off" aria-pressed="true">Next »</a> </div> <div id="abstract" class="card bigbox-hvr-slow mt-4"> <div class="card-header"> <h5>Graphical Abstract</h5> </div> <div class="card-body"> <p class="text-center"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Click to enlarge"><img src="https://www.eurekaselect.com/images/graphical-abstract/cn/14/7/06.jpg" 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class="modal-title" id="modalLabelprimary">Current Neuropharmacology</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body "> <p><strong>Title:</strong>Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment</p> <p><strong>Volume:</strong> 14 <strong>Issue:</strong> 7 </p> <p><strong>Author(s): </strong>Ole Kohler, Jesper Krogh, Ole Mors and Michael Eriksen Benros</p> <p><strong>Affiliation: </strong><ul></ul><ul></ul><ul></ul><ul></ul></p> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue=Antidepressants">Antidepressants</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= anti-inflammatory treatment"> anti-inflammatory treatment</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= celecoxib"> celecoxib</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= cytokine-inhibitors"> cytokine-inhibitors</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= depression"> depression</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= inflammation"> inflammation</a>, <a target="_blank" class="btn-link" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/search?searchvalue= statins."> statins.</a> </p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated antidepressant treatment effects for anti-inflammatory agents, both as add-on treatment and as monotherapy. In particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cytokine-inhibitors have shown antidepressant treatment effects compared to placebo, but also statins, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, pioglitazone, minocycline, modafinil, and corticosteroids may yield antidepressant treatment effects. However, the complexity of the inflammatory cascade, limited clinical evidence, and the risk for side effects stress cautiousness before clinical application. Thus, despite proof-of-concept studies of anti-inflammatory treatment effects in depression, important challenges remain to be investigated. Within this paper, we review the association between inflammation and depression together with the current evidence on use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Based on this, we address the questions and challenges that seem most important and relevant to future studies, such as timing, most effective treatment lengths and identification of subgroups of patients potentially responding better to different anti-inflammatory treatment regimens.</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary" data-dismiss="modal" onclick="SendForPrint()">Print this page</button> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="modal fade" id="ExportWindow" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">Export Options</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <form method="post" action="https://www.eurekaselect.com/citation" enctype="multipart/form-data" accept-charset="UTF-8" id="export-citation-form"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="o1gG7CdTtfyYwMvXMQrI16f0iOp2tHtQT33Es4Tz"> <input type="hidden" name="article_id" value="72326"> <div class="form-group"> <label><strong>Export File:</strong> </label> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-ris-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-ris" name="export_file" value="ris" checked="checked" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-ris"> RIS (for EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite)</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-bibtex-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-bibtex" name="export_file" value="bibtex" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-bibtex"> BibTeX</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-export-file-text-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-export-file-text" name="export_file" value="text" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-export-file-text"> Text</label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label><strong>Content:</strong> </label> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-content-citation-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-content-citation" name="content" value="citation" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-content-citation"> Citation Only</label> </div> <div class="custom-control custom-radio" id="edit-content-citation-abstract-wrapper"> <input type="radio" id="edit-content-citation-abstract" name="content" value="citation_abstract" checked="checked" class="custom-control-input"> <label class="custom-control-label" for="edit-content-citation-abstract"> Citation and Abstract</label> </div> <input type="submit" name="op" id="edit-export" value="Export" onclick="javascript:return checkradio()" class="btn btn-outline-primary float-right"> <input type="hidden" name="export_file_hidden" id="edit-export-file-hidden" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="content_hidden" id="edit-content-hidden" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" id="form-278487bec247e2f69b37fa03b10b8556" value="form-278487bec247e2f69b37fa03b10b8556"> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" id="edit-export-citation-form" value="export_citation_form"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="modal fade" id="CiteWindow" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h4 class="modal-title">About this article</h4> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> <div class="modal-body "> <p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong></p> <p> Kohler Ole, Krogh Jesper, Mors Ole and Benros Eriksen Michael, Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment, Current Neuropharmacology 2016; 14 (7) . <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700">https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700</a> </p> <table class="table"> <tr> <td><b>DOI</b><br><a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700">https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666151208113700</a></td> <td><b>Print ISSN</b><br>1570-159X</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Publisher Name</b><br>Bentham Science Publisher</td> <td><b>Online ISSN</b><br>1875-6190</td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <a class="btn btn-outline-primary" href="/journal/26/about-journal" target="_blank">About this journal</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col pl-md-0 mt-xs-2 pt-md-2"> <span class="sharethis-inline-share-buttons st-left st-inline-share-buttons st-animated" data-url="https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/72326" data-title="Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment"></span> </div>   </div> <div class="row mt-4 mb-4 mb-md-0 d-none d-md-block" id="related"> <div class="col-md-12"> <h3>Call for Papers in Thematic Issues</h3> <div class="row" id="reco-article"> <div class="col-md-6 m-0 mt-0 mb-2"> <div class="card shadow h-100 m-1"> <div class="card-header bg-white pb-1"> <label class="mr-2"><b>Submission closes on :</b></label> <span class="text-black"> 31 December, 2025 </span> </div> <div class="card-body py-2"> <a class="m-0 p-0" href="https://www.eurekaselect.com/call-for-papers-detail/6796/specialissue"> <h5 class="m-0 p-0">Advances in Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers</h5> </a> <p class="text-black-50 mt-2 mb-0">It offers a comprehensive exploration of neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective pathways that play central roles in a range of neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer鈥檚 and Parkinson鈥檚. 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