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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">哈里发</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。84种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9" title="خليفة – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خليفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE" title="খলিফা – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="খলিফা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C9%99lif%C9%99" title="Xəlifə – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xəlifə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87%E2%80%8C" title="خلیفه‌ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خلیفه‌" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99" title="Хәлифә – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хәлифә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Халіф – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Халіф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Халіф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Халіф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Халиф – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халиф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE" title="খলিফা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খলিফা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifa" title="Halifa – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Halifa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%95" title="خەلیفە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خەلیفە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chal%C3%ADfa" title="Chalífa – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chalífa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Халиф – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Халиф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califf" title="Califf – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Califf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CF%86%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χαλίφης – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλίφης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph" title="Caliph – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caliph" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifo" title="Kalifo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalifo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliif" title="Kaliif – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaliif" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalifa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%87" title="خلیفه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلیفه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifi" title="Kalifi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalifi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calife" title="Calife – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calife" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyf" title="Kalyf – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kalyf" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%27%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%94" title="ח'ליפה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ח'ליפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="ख़लीफ़ा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़लीफ़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalifa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%A1" title="Խալիֆա – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խալիֆա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khalifah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifo" title="Kalifo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalifo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%ADfi" title="Kalífi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalífi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califfo" title="Califfo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Califfo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95" title="カリフ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90" title="ხალიფა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხალიფა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Халифа – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Халифа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%8C%8C" title="칼리파 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Халиф – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Халиф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Calipha" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifas" title="Kalifas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalifas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifs" title="Kalifs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalifs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifa" title="Kalifa – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kalifa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Калиф – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AB" title="ഖലീഫ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖലീഫ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Khalifah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalief" title="Kalief – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ਲੀਫ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਲੀਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%81" title="خلیفہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خلیفہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califa" title="Califa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Califa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Халиф – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Халиф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88" title="خليفو – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="خليفو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph" title="Caliph – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caliph" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Калиф – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калиф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Khalifah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalif" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa" title="Khalifa – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Khalifa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE" title="கலீபா – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலீபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BE" title="ఖలీఫా – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖలీఫా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0" title="Халифа – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Халифа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="เคาะลีฟะฮ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคาะลีฟะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D3%99" title="Хәлифә – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хәлифә" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84" title="Халіф – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Халіф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%81" title="خلیفہ – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خلیفہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalifa" title="Xalifa – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xalifa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalip" title="Khalip – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khalip" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalipa" title="Kalipa – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kalipa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="哈里发 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈里发" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A3" title="כאליף – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כאליף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifah" title="Khalifah – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khalifah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" title="哈里發 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈里發" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65997#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item 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href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&oldid=85009508" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&id=85009508&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2593%2588%25E9%2587%258C%25E5%258F%2591"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%2593%2588%25E9%2587%258C%25E5%258F%2591"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caliphs" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65997" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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title="伊斯蘭教法">法律</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A1%8C" title="聖行">聖行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A8%93" title="聖訓">聖訓</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">沙里亞 <small>（法律）</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教法學">費格赫 <small>（法學）</small></a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">凱拉姆 <small>（辯證）</small></a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="伊斯兰教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A3%94" title="聖裔">聖裔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4" title="薩哈巴">薩哈巴</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">正統哈里發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" title="伊瑪目教義">伊瑪目教義</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E6%92%AD" title="伊斯蘭教的傳播">傳播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與奴隸">奴隸制度</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="伊斯蘭教派">教派</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">蘇非主義</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="伊斯蘭教研究">學術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="伊斯蘭教與動物">動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86" title="伊斯兰历">曆法</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="伊斯蘭教與兒童">兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="各国伊斯兰教">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭女性主義">女性主義</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="伊斯蘭教節日">節日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">哲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="伊斯兰教与政治">政治</a></li></ul> </div><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%93%A6_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="達瓦 (伊斯蘭教)">宣教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與科學">科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93" title="伊斯蘭教與人道">社會福利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="婦女與伊斯蘭教">婦女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="LGBT與伊斯蘭教">LGBT</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Category:伊斯兰教">相關主題</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95" title="對伊斯蘭教的批評">批評</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教（页面不存在）">其他宗教</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯兰主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%9E%81%E7%AB%AF%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰极端主义">伊斯蘭極端主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="吉哈德">吉哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯兰恐惧症</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教詞彙列表">詞彙</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:伊斯兰教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid #060;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Category:伊斯兰教">系列</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="伊斯兰法学原理">伊斯蘭法學原理</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教法學">法學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E7%B5%B1" title="教統">教統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B0%94" title="伊制玛尔">伊制瑪爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%BA%E6%8F%90%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="伊智提哈德">伊智提哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%B5%AB%E6%8F%90%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%97" title="伊赫提拉弗">伊赫提拉弗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯提赫拉勒" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="استحلال"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯提赫拉勒（页面不存在）">伊斯提赫拉勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:استحلال"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">استحلال</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91" title="伊斯提哈桑">伊斯提哈桑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯提斯哈布" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="استصحاب"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯提斯哈布（页面不存在）">伊斯提斯哈布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:استصحاب"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">استصحاب</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%83" title="麦兹海布">麥茲海布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" title="伊斯蘭學校">伊斯蘭學校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%97%E8%B5%96%E6%B5%B7" title="麦诗赖海">麥詩賴海</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格雅斯" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="قياس (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格雅斯（页面不存在）">格雅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:قياس (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">قياس (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="塔格利德">塔格利德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐爾夫" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="عرف (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐爾夫（页面不存在）">歐爾夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:عرف (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">عرف (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿堪" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الأحكام التكليفية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A0%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿堪（页面不存在）">裁決</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الأحكام التكليفية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الأحكام التكليفية</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法爾德 (伊斯蘭法)" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فرض"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法爾德 (伊斯蘭法)（页面不存在）">法爾德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B6" class="extiw" title="ar:فرض"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فرض</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆斯台哈卜" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="المندوب"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B0%E5%93%88%E5%8D%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆斯台哈卜（页面不存在）">穆斯台哈卜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:المندوب"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">المندوب</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F" title="清真">清真</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆巴哈" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مباح"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆巴哈（页面不存在）">穆巴哈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD" class="extiw" title="ar:مباح"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مباح</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥克盧哈" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مكروه"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E7%9B%A7%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥克盧哈（页面不存在）">麥克盧哈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87" class="extiw" title="ar:مكروه"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مكروه</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="哈拉姆">哈拉姆</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴力格" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="بلوغ (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8A%9B%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴力格（页面不存在）">巴力格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:بلوغ (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">بلوغ (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴推勒" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="باطل (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E6%8E%A8%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴推勒（页面不存在）">巴推勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:باطل (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">باطل (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比達阿" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="بدعة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E9%81%94%E9%98%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比達阿（页面不存在）">比達阿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:بدعة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">بدعة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法希沙" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فاحشة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%8C%E6%B2%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法希沙（页面不存在）">法希沙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:فاحشة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فاحشة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法西格" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فاسق"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法西格（页面不存在）">法西格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82" class="extiw" title="ar:فاسق"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فاسق</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲特納" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فتنة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E7%89%B9%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲特納（页面不存在）">菲特納</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:فتنة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فتنة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="發撒德" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فساد (فقه)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E6%92%92%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發撒德（页面不存在）">發撒德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87)" class="extiw" title="ar:فساد (فقه)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فساد (فقه)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對於罪行的伊斯蘭法學觀點" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="دیدگاه_اسلام_در_مورد_گناه"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%96%BC%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對於罪行的伊斯蘭法學觀點（页面不存在）">古納亥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87" class="extiw" title="fa:دیدگاه اسلام در مورد گناه"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">دیدگاه_اسلام_در_مورد_گناه</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈亞" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حياء"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈亞（页面不存在）">哈亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" class="extiw" title="ar:حياء"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حياء</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯拉" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="إصلاح إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯拉（页面不存在）">伊斯拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:إصلاح إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">إصلاح إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="依斯蒂法" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="استغفار"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依斯蒂法（页面不存在）">依斯蒂法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:استغفار"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">استغفار</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希拉巴" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حرابة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希拉巴（页面不存在）">希拉巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:حرابة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حرابة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊拉提什哈德" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="عملیات استشهادی"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%8F%90%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊拉提什哈德（页面不存在）">伊拉提什哈德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" class="extiw" title="fa:عملیات استشهادی"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">عملیات استشهادی</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="吉哈德">吉哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A1%8C" title="聖行">聖行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%94%AB%E7%BB%A5%E9%B2%81" title="太甫绥鲁">太甫綏魯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大歐特" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الطاغوت"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%90%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大歐特（页面不存在）">大歐特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%AA" class="extiw" title="ar:الطاغوت"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الطاغوت</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E" title="塔基亞">塔基亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="討白" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="التوبة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A8%8E%E7%99%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="討白（页面不存在）">討白</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:التوبة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">التوبة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泰茲基耶" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تزكية (صوفية)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%B0%E8%8C%B2%E5%9F%BA%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泰茲基耶（页面不存在）">泰茲基耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:تزكية (صوفية)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تزكية (صوفية)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="色瓦布" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ثواب"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="色瓦布（页面不存在）">色瓦布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8" class="extiw" title="ar:ثواب"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ثواب</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦薩特" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="وسطية (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E8%96%A9%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦薩特（页面不存在）">瓦薩特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:وسطية (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">وسطية (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> 法職與頭銜</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">哈里发</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD" title="謝赫伊斯蘭">謝赫伊斯蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E7%BE%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="賽義德">賽義德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="谢里夫">谢里夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="谢里夫">阿沙夫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈茲拉特" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حضرة (لقب)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E8%8C%B2%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈茲拉特（页面不存在）">哈茲拉特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:حضرة (لقب)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حضرة (لقب)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%A8%87" title="阿訇">阿訇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA%E8%B5%AB" title="法基赫">法基赫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿拉瑪" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علامة (لقب)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%91%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉瑪（页面不存在）">阿拉瑪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:علامة (لقب)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علامة (لقب)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A4%AB%E6%8F%90" title="穆夫提">穆夫提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A9%86%E5%A4%AB%E6%8F%90" title="大穆夫提">大穆夫提</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍賈特伊斯蘭" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حجة الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%B4%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="霍贾特伊斯兰">霍賈特伊斯蘭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:حجة الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حجة الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%BA%E6%8F%90%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="伊智提哈德">穆智提哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E7%AD%89%E7%BA%A7" title="什叶派宗教学者等级">阿亞圖拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%88" title="馬爾賈">馬爾賈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E8%8C%B2_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" title="哈菲茲 (稱謂)">哈菲茲</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="侯加" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="حجت"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%AF%E5%8A%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侯加（页面不存在）">侯加</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%AA" class="extiw" title="fa:حجت"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">حجت</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86_(%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7)" title="哈基姆 (称号)">哈基姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE" title="伊玛目">伊玛目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%8B%89" title="毛拉">毛拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="马赫迪">马赫迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%8B%89%E9%9F%A6" title="毛拉韦">毛拉韋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8E%A8%E5%B8%83" title="海推布">海推布</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈瓦賈" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="خواجه"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%93%A6%E8%B3%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈瓦賈（页面不存在）">哈瓦賈</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87" class="extiw" title="fa:خواجه"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">خواجه</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3" title="毛拉纳">毛拉納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%8B%89" title="毛拉">毛喇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%94%AB%E7%BB%A5%E9%B2%81" title="太甫绥鲁">穆法西爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="穆里希德">穆里希德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%88%BE_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" title="皮爾 (稱謂)">皮爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E9%87%8C_(%E9%A0%AD%E9%8A%9C)" title="瓦里 (頭銜)">瓦里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%A8%87" title="阿訇">阿洪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A8%93%E5%AD%B8" title="聖訓學">穆罕底斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆加迪迪" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مجدد (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%BF%AA%E8%BF%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆加迪迪（页面不存在）">穆加迪迪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:مجدد (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مجدد (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA_(%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98)" title="卡迪 (法官)">卡迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E8%B5%AB_(%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7)" title="谢赫 (称号)">謝赫</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬拉布特" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مرابط (تصوف)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬拉布特（页面不存在）">馬拉布特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_(%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81)" class="extiw" title="ar:مرابط (تصوف)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مرابط (تصوف)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="烏里阿姆爾" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ولي الأمر في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%8F%E9%87%8C%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烏里阿姆爾（页面不存在）">烏里阿姆爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:ولي الأمر في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ولي الأمر في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7" title="烏斯塔德">烏斯塔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%89%E6%B4%A5" title="穆安津">穆安津</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="穆里德">穆里德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%88%B0%E8%80%85" title="聖戰者">聖戰者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%BD%8A" title="加齊">加齊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="沙希德">沙希德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%90%89" title="哈吉">哈吉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E5%A3%AB" title="辅士">辅士</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="賽萊夫" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="سلف (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%BD%E8%90%8A%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賽萊夫（页面不存在）">賽萊夫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:سلف (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">سلف (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4" title="薩哈巴">薩哈巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E5%90%8C%E4%BC%B4%E8%BF%BD%E9%9A%8F%E8%80%85" title="先知同伴追随者">塔比文</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三傳弟子" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تابعو التابعين"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%82%B3%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三傳弟子（页面不存在）">三傳弟子</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:تابعو التابعين"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تابعو التابعين</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大傳教師" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="داعی مطلق"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%82%B3%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大傳教師（页面不存在）">大傳教師</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82" class="extiw" title="fa:داعی مطلق"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">داعی مطلق</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="朵拉" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الدولة (لقب)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B5%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朵拉（页面不存在）">朵拉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:الدولة (لقب)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الدولة (لقب)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="Template:伊斯蘭法學原理"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:伊斯蘭法學原理（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:伊斯蘭法學原理"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>哈里发</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>：<b><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">خليفة</span>‎</b> <span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/67\/Ar-khalifa.ogg\/Ar-khalifa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<i><span lang=\"ar-Latn\" title=\"DIN 31635 \u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\" class=\"Unicode\" style=\"white-space:normal; text-decoration: none\">\u1e2bal\u012bfah<\/span>\/<span lang=\"ar-Latn\" title=\"arALA\u8f6c\u5199\" class=\"Unicode\" style=\"white-space:normal; text-decoration: none\">khal\u012bfah<\/span><\/i>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-khalifa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Ar-khalifa.ogg/Ar-khalifa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><i><span lang="ar-Latn" title="DIN 31635 阿拉伯语" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">ḫalīfah</span>/<span lang="ar-Latn" title="arALA转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">khalīfah</span></i></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-khalifa.ogg" title="File:Ar-khalifa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>；拉丁化：Caliph），為<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a>（<span lang="ar">خِلَافَة</span>‎ <i><span lang="ar-Latn" title="arALA转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">khilāfah</span></i>；意為哈里發統治之地）與<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%91%AA" title="烏瑪">烏瑪</a>的統治者，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>的宗教及世俗的最高统治者的称号。最早源自於<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/67\/Ar-khalifa.ogg\/Ar-khalifa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 <b>Khal\u012bfa<\/b>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ar-khalifa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Ar-khalifa.ogg/Ar-khalifa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">خليفة <b>Khalīfa</b></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-khalifa.ogg" title="File:Ar-khalifa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>，意為繼承者，指先知<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a>的繼承者。在穆罕默德死後，其弟子以「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%8B%89" title="安拉">安拉</a>使者的繼承者」（Khalifat Rasul Allah）為名號，繼續領導伊斯蘭教，隨後稱號簡化為哈里發，所謂的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" class="mw-redirect" title="四大哈里发">四大哈里發</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="阿布·伯克尔">巴克爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%BA%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%9C" title="欧麦尔·本·赫塔卜">歐瑪爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%87%A1" title="奥斯曼·本·阿凡">奧斯曼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%9C" title="阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜">阿里</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>哈里發本為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国">阿拉伯帝国</a>最高的統治者稱號，相當於一般所說的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">皇帝</a>，但同時兼有統治所有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>的精神領袖的意味，故又可以同時具有類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>的作用，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="政教合一">政教合一</a>的領袖。 </p><p>在阿拉伯帝国鼎盛时期，哈里发拥有最高权威，管理着庞大的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯兰">伊斯兰</a>帝国。阿拉伯帝国灭亡之后，“哈里发”的头衔，僅為“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>精神領袖”的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E9%8A%9C" title="頭銜">頭銜</a>，一直保存了下来，這種作為<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="傀儡">傀儡</a>的哈里发作為伊斯蘭教最高權力的象徵，处于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E7%BD%97" title="开罗">开罗</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="马木留克王朝">马木留克王朝</a>的控制之下。 </p><p>1517年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">鄂圖曼帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="苏丹 (称谓)">苏丹</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="塞利姆一世">塞利姆一世</a>征服了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>，时任哈里发的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒三世">穆塔瓦基勒三世</a>也被俘。塞利姆一世宣布自己继承哈里发的职位。之後哈里發稱號便由鄂圖曼帝國蘇丹世襲，但1517年之後數百年歷代蘇丹均不常使用該稱號，直到19世紀末鄂圖曼帝國瀕臨解體，蘇丹<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世">阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世</a>才重新強調自己的哈里發身分。1924年，哈里发制度被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="土耳其总统">土耳其總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E6%9C%AB%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="凯末尔">凯末尔</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="废除哈里发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abolition of the Caliphate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%9F%E9%99%A4%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="废除哈里发（页面不存在）">废除</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolition_of_the_Caliphate" class="extiw" title="en:Abolition of the Caliphate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abolition of the Caliphate</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，末任哈里发<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E8%BF%88%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-迈吉德二世">阿卜杜勒-迈吉德二世</a>被剥夺哈里发头衔并被放逐到海外。土耳其废除哈里发后，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BF%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="汉志王国">汉志王国</a>国王、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="麥加謝里夫">麦加谢里夫兼埃米尔</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="侯赛因·本·阿里">侯赛因·本·阿里</a>宣布自己为<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="谢里夫哈里发" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sharifian Caliphate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%A2%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谢里夫哈里发（页面不存在）">哈里发</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharifian_Caliphate" class="extiw" title="en:Sharifian Caliphate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sharifian Caliphate</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2014年6月29日，<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="恐怖組織">恐怖組織</a>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国">伊斯兰国</a>”領袖<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%AA" title="阿布·贝克尔·巴格达迪">阿布·贝克尔·巴格达迪</a>自立為哈里發，稱「<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3" title="易卜拉欣">易卜拉欣</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但未受大部分穆斯林承認。2019年10月26日巴格达迪被美軍擊斃。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在伊斯蘭教<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="苏非派">蘇非派</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E6%A0%BC%E4%BB%80%E7%8F%AD%E8%BF%AA%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="納格什班迪教團">納格什班迪教團</a>中，与<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%93" title="和卓">和卓</a>最親近的學生也被稱為哈里發。 </p><p>在中國，伊斯蘭教<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a>經堂學員被稱為海裡凡，即哈里發<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="Portal:伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Portal:人物">人物主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哈里发列表">哈里发列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)" title="苏丹 (称谓)">苏丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%91%E6%8A%A4%E4%BA%BA" title="两圣地监护人">两圣地监护人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8E%9B%E7%9B%AE" title="伊玛目">伊玛目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="马赫迪">马赫迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%88" title="馬爾賈">馬爾賈</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/8775238.shtml?ch=rss_latest">小檔案／哈里發穆罕默德繼承人</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2" title="聯合新聞網">聯合新聞網</a>. 2014-07-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714234826/http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/8775238.shtml?ch=rss_latest">存档</a>于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&rft.atitle=%E5%B0%8F%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%EF%BC%8F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC+%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E4%BA%BA&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fudn.com%2FNEWS%2FWORLD%2FWOR3%2F8775238.shtml%3Fch%3Drss_latest&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Teitelbaum, Joshua. The Rise and Fall of the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hijaz. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 2001: 243. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-85065-460-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-85065-460-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-85065-460-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.aulast=Teitelbaum&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Hashemite+Kingdom+of+the+Hijaz&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85065-460-3&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/international/20140701/35929394/ISIL%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%B0%81%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B">ISIL宣布建國自封穆斯林王</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="蘋果日報 (台灣)">蘋果日報</a>. 2014-07-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707031750/http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/international/20140701/35929394/ISIL%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E5%B0%81%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B">存档</a>于2014-07-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&rft.atitle=ISIL%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%8B+%E8%87%AA%E5%B0%81%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appledaily.com.tw%2Fappledaily%2Farticle%2Finternational%2F20140701%2F35929394%2FISIL%25E5%25AE%25A3%25E5%25B8%2583%25E5%25BB%25BA%25E5%259C%258B%25E8%2587%25AA%25E5%25B0%2581%25E7%25A9%2586%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%259E%2597%25E7%258E%258B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ettoday.net/news/20191027/1566484.htm">川普重大宣布！美軍擊斃IS首領巴格達迪</a>. ETtoday. 2019-10-27 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-10-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027134139/https://www.ettoday.net/news/20191027/1566484.htm">存档</a>于2019-10-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&rft.btitle=%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%81%E7%BE%8E%E8%BB%8D%E6%93%8A%E6%96%83IS%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%98%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94%E8%BF%AA&rft.date=2019-10-27&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=ETtoday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ettoday.net%2Fnews%2F20191027%2F1566484.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">鲁伊. 山东省伊协举办第三期海里凡培训考核[J]. 中国穆斯林, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">鲁伊. 山东举行海里凡结业典礼[J]. 中国穆斯林, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">马世英. 武汉市海里凡培训班结业[J]. 中国穆斯林, 1986.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caliphates" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Caliphates"><span style="font-weight:bold;">哈里发</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/the-caliph-islamic-history/index.html">The Caliph</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191218101327/https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2016/the-caliph-islamic-history/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） – a three-part documentary by <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/comment/story/0,3604,1605653,00.html">The return of the caliphate</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6943070.stm">Islamists urge caliphate revival</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200113102717/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6943070.stm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="哈里发" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" title="Template:哈里發"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" title="Template talk:哈里發"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:哈里發"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="哈里发" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">哈里发</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="哈里发列表">哈里发列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">四大</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">（正統）哈里發</a><br />（632年—661年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="阿布·伯克尔">巴克爾</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%BA%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%94%E5%8D%9C" title="欧麦尔·本·赫塔卜">歐瑪爾</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%87%A1" title="奥斯曼·本·阿凡">奧斯曼</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%9C" title="阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜">阿里</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%91%AA%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="奧瑪亞王朝">奧瑪亞</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%91%AA%E4%BA%9E%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="奧瑪亞哈里發國">哈里發</a><br />（661年—750年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E5%8F%B6%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿维叶一世">穆阿维叶一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%BD%90%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="耶齐德一世">耶齐德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E5%8F%B6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿维叶二世">穆阿维叶二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%90%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="馬爾萬一世">馬爾萬一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B" title="阿卜杜勒-马利克">阿卜杜勒-麦立克</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="韦立德一世">韦立德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%90%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%BA%A5%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B" title="蘇萊曼·賓·阿卜杜勒-麥立克">蘇萊曼</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%BA%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="欧麦尔二世">欧麦尔二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%BD%90%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="耶齐德二世">耶齐德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B" title="希沙姆·本·阿卜杜勒-馬利克">希沙姆</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="韦立德二世">韦立德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%BD%90%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="耶齐德三世">耶齐德三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7" title="伊布拉欣·賓·韋立德">易卜拉欣</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%90%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="馬爾萬二世">馬爾萬二世</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%9C%A8%E7%95%99%E5%85%8B%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="馬木留克蘇丹國">馬木留克哈里發</a></span><br />（750年—1517年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="Template:阿拔斯王朝哈里发"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:阿拔斯王朝哈里发（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:阿拔斯王朝哈里发"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="阿拔斯王朝哈里发" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯王朝</a><a class="mw-selflink selflink">哈里发</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a>哈里发<br />（749–1258）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%AB_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="薩法赫 (阿拔斯哈里發)">萨法赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="曼蘇爾 (阿拔斯哈里發)">曼苏尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91)" title="马赫迪 (阿拔斯哈里发)">马赫迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91)" title="哈迪 (阿拔斯哈里发)">哈迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="哈伦·拉希德">哈伦·拉希德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8E_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="阿明 (阿拔斯哈里發)">阿明</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="易卜拉欣·伊本·马赫迪">易卜拉欣·伊本·马赫迪</a></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%92%99_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="馬蒙 (阿拔斯哈里發)">马蒙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E7%BB%A5%E5%A7%86" title="穆阿台绥姆">穆阿台绥姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC" title="瓦西格">瓦提克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92" title="穆塔瓦基勒">穆塔瓦基勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8F%B0%E7%BB%A5%E5%B0%94" title="孟台绥尔">蒙塔塞爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9B%A0_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="穆斯塔因 (阿拔斯哈里發)">穆斯塔因一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E8%8C%B2" title="穆阿台茲">穆阿台茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA" title="穆赫塔迪">穆赫塔迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="穆阿台米德">穆阿台米德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7" title="穆阿台迪德">穆阿台迪德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E8%8F%B2" title="穆克塔菲">穆克塔菲一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE" title="穆克塔迪爾">穆克塔迪爾一世</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿卜杜拉·本·穆塔兹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿卜杜拉·本·穆塔兹（页面不存在）">阿卜杜拉·本·穆塔兹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_al-Mu%27tazz" class="extiw" title="en:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz</span></a></span>）</span></span></i><sup>[B]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE_(%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="卡希爾 (哈里發)">卡希爾一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA_(%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="拉迪 (哈里發)">拉迪一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%8F%B0%E5%9F%BA" title="穆台基">穆台基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="穆斯塔克菲 (阿拔斯哈里發)">穆斯塔克菲一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8F%90" title="穆提">穆提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A" title="塔伊">塔伊一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BF%AA%E7%88%BE" title="卡迪爾">卡迪爾一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="卡伊姆 (阿拔斯哈里發)">卡伊姆一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA" title="穆克塔迪">穆克塔迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E9%BD%8A%E7%88%BE" title="穆斯塔齊爾">穆斯塔齊爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="穆斯塔爾希德">穆斯塔爾希德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="拉希德 (阿拔斯哈里發)">拉希德二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%A0%BC%E5%8F%B0%E8%8F%B2" title="穆格台菲">穆克塔菲二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="穆斯坦吉德 (阿拔斯哈里發)">穆斯坦吉德一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA" title="穆斯塔迪">穆斯塔迪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E8%B3%BD%E7%88%BE_(%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="納賽爾 (哈里發)">納賽爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE" title="查希爾">查希爾一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B6%8F%E7%88%BE%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯坦綏爾一世">穆斯坦綏爾一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B0%E7%BB%A5%E6%9C%A8" title="穆斯台绥木">穆斯台绥木</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">被<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9C%A8%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="马木路克">马木路克</a>带到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E7%BD%97" title="开罗">开罗</a>的<br />阿拔斯哈里发<br />（1261–1517）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%B6%8F%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯坦綏爾二世">穆斯坦綏爾二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="哈基姆一世">哈基姆一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔克菲一世">穆斯塔克菲一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="瓦提克一世">瓦提克一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="哈基姆二世">哈基姆二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔迪德一世">穆塔迪德一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒一世">穆塔瓦基勒一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E7%BB%A5%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿台绥姆二世">穆阿台绥姆二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒一世">穆塔瓦基勒一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="瓦提克二世">瓦提克二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E5%8F%B0%E7%BB%A5%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆阿台绥姆二世">穆阿台绥姆二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒一世">穆塔瓦基勒一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%9B%A0_(%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="穆斯塔因 (開羅哈里發)">穆斯塔因二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔迪德二世">穆塔迪德二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B%E8%8F%B2%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔克菲二世">穆斯塔克菲二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86_(%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="卡伊姆 (開羅哈里發)">卡伊姆二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7_(%E9%96%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)" title="穆斯坦吉德 (開羅哈里發)">穆斯坦吉德二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒二世">穆塔瓦基勒二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A7%86%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B" title="穆斯塔姆西克">穆斯塔姆西克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒三世">穆塔瓦基勒三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A7%86%E8%A5%BF%E5%85%8B" title="穆斯塔姆西克">穆斯塔姆西克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%9F%BA%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="穆塔瓦基勒三世">穆塔瓦基勒三世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>[B]</sup>：短暂即位的哈里发，仅得到巴格达承认</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="奧斯曼王朝">鄂圖曼</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="鄂圖曼哈里發國">哈里發</a><br />（1517年—1924年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="塞利姆一世">塞利姆一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="苏莱曼一世 (奥斯曼帝国)">蘇萊曼一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="塞利姆二世">塞利姆二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德三世">穆拉德三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="穆罕默德三世 (奥斯曼帝国)">穆罕默德三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="艾哈迈德一世">艾哈迈德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔法一世">穆斯塔法一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="奥斯曼二世">奥斯曼二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔法一世">穆斯塔法一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德四世">穆拉德四世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="易卜拉欣一世 (奥斯曼帝国)">易卜拉欣</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="穆罕默德四世 (奥斯曼帝国)">穆罕默德四世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="苏莱曼二世 (奥斯曼帝国)">蘇萊曼二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="艾哈迈德二世">艾哈迈德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔法二世">穆斯塔法二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="艾哈迈德三世">艾哈迈德三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="马哈茂德一世">马哈茂德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="奥斯曼三世">奥斯曼三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔法三世">穆斯塔法三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-哈米德一世">阿卜杜勒-哈米德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="塞利姆三世">塞利姆三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="穆斯塔法四世">穆斯塔法四世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="馬哈茂德二世">馬哈茂德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%82%81%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-邁吉德一世">阿卜杜勒-邁吉德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%8A%E8%8C%B2%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲一世">阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96" title="穆拉德五世">穆拉德五世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E5%93%88%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世">阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="穆罕默德五世 (奥斯曼帝国)">穆罕默德五世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="穆罕默德六世 (奥斯曼帝国)">穆罕默德六世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E8%BF%88%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜勒-迈吉德二世">阿卜杜勒-迈吉德二世</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他哈里發</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="哈桑·本·阿里">哈山</a>（661年）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%A5%96%E6%8B%9C%E5%B0%94" title="阿卜杜拉·伊本·祖拜尔">祖拜尔</a>（684年—692年）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="葉海亞·本·阿布杜拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Talib al-Haqq"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%89%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="葉海亞·本·阿布杜拉（页面不存在）">葉海亞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talib_al-Haqq" class="extiw" title="en:Talib al-Haqq"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Talib al-Haqq</span></a></span>）</span></span>（747年—748年）</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法提瑪哈里發</a><br />（909年—1171年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%AA" title="阿卜杜拉·马赫迪">马赫迪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8E%E4%B9%89%E6%9C%A8_(%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91)" title="嘎义木 (法蒂玛哈里发)">嘎义木</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曼蘇爾·納斯爾·阿拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼蘇爾·納斯爾·阿拉（页面不存在）">曼蘇爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Mansur_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="extiw" title="en:al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">al-Mansur bi-Nasr Allah</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E4%BB%AA%E5%85%B9_(%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91)" title="穆仪兹 (法蒂玛哈里发)">穆仪兹</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿齊茲·比拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Al-Aziz Billah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%8A%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿齊茲·比拉（页面不存在）">阿齊茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aziz_Billah" class="extiw" title="en:Al-Aziz Billah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Al-Aziz Billah</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%9F%BA%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89" title="哈基姆·比阿姆鲁·阿拉">哈基姆</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩伊爾·伊薩茲·丁·阿拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%96%A9%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩伊爾·伊薩茲·丁·阿拉（页面不存在）">薩伊爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahir_li-i%27zaz_Din_Allah" class="extiw" title="en:Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%BB%A5%E5%B0%94_(%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="穆斯坦绥尔 (法蒂玛王朝)">穆斯坦绥尔</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9" title="穆斯塔利">穆斯塔利</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿米爾·阿卡姆·阿拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米爾·阿卡姆·阿拉（页面不存在）">阿米爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Amir_bi-Ahkam_Allah" class="extiw" title="en:Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈菲茲 (法提瑪哈里發)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="al-Hafiz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E8%8C%B2_(%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%90%E7%91%AA%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈菲茲 (法提瑪哈里發)（页面不存在）">哈菲茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Hafiz" class="extiw" title="en:al-Hafiz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">al-Hafiz</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="薩菲爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="al-Zafir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%96%A9%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="薩菲爾（页面不存在）">薩菲爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Zafir" class="extiw" title="en:al-Zafir"><span lang="en" dir="auto">al-Zafir</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法伊茲·納斯爾·阿拉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%8A%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法伊茲·納斯爾·阿拉（页面不存在）">法伊茲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Fa%27iz_bi-Nasr_Allah" class="extiw" title="en:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿迪德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="al-Adid"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿迪德（页面不存在）">阿迪德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/al-Adid" class="extiw" title="en:al-Adid"><span lang="en" dir="auto">al-Adid</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%9B%BD" title="科尔多瓦哈里发国">哥多華（後奧瑪亞）哈里發</a><br />（929年—1031年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜拉赫曼三世">阿卜杜拉赫曼三世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈克木二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Al-Hakam II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈克木二世（页面不存在）">哈克木二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hakam_II" class="extiw" title="en:Al-Hakam II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Al-Hakam II</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希沙姆二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hisham II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希沙姆二世（页面不存在）">希沙姆二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_II" class="extiw" title="en:Hisham II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hisham II</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆罕默德二世 (哥多華哈里發)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muhammad II of Córdoba"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%8F%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德二世 (哥多華哈里發)（页面不存在）">穆罕默德二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad II of Córdoba"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muhammad II of Córdoba</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇萊曼·本·哈克木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulayman ibn al-Hakam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%90%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇萊曼·本·哈克木（页面不存在）">蘇萊曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam" class="extiw" title="en:Sulayman ibn al-Hakam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulayman ibn al-Hakam</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希沙姆二世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hisham II"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希沙姆二世（页面不存在）">希沙姆二世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_II" class="extiw" title="en:Hisham II"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hisham II</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇萊曼·本·哈克木" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sulayman ibn al-Hakam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E8%90%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇萊曼·本·哈克木（页面不存在）">蘇萊曼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayman_ibn_al-Hakam" class="extiw" title="en:Sulayman ibn al-Hakam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sulayman ibn al-Hakam</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布杜拉赫曼四世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abd ar-Rahman IV"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布杜拉赫曼四世（页面不存在）">阿布杜拉赫曼四世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_IV" class="extiw" title="en:Abd ar-Rahman IV"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abd ar-Rahman IV</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布杜拉赫曼五世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abd ar-Rahman V"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布杜拉赫曼五世（页面不存在）">阿布杜拉赫曼五世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_V" class="extiw" title="en:Abd ar-Rahman V"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abd ar-Rahman V</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆罕默德三世 (哥多華哈里發)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Muhammad III of Córdoba"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%9A%E8%8F%AF%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德三世 (哥多華哈里發)（页面不存在）">穆罕默德三世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="extiw" title="en:Muhammad III of Córdoba"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Muhammad III of Córdoba</span></a></span>）</span></span></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希沙姆三世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hisham III of Córdoba"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希沙姆三世（页面不存在）">希沙姆三世</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisham_III_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="extiw" title="en:Hisham III of Córdoba"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hisham III of Córdoba</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="穆瓦希德王朝">穆瓦希德哈里發</a><br />（1145年—1269年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%85%95%E6%95%8F" title="阿卜杜勒·慕敏">慕敏</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E4%BC%98%E7%B4%A0%E7%A6%8F" title="阿布·雅各布·优素福">優素福一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E4%BC%98%E7%B4%A0%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="阿布·优素福·雅各布·曼苏尔">曼蘇爾</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94" title="穆罕默德·纳西尔">纳西尔</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E7%B4%A0%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94" title="优素福·穆斯坦西尔">優素福二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%AB%E5%8D%A2" title="阿卜杜勒-瓦希德·马赫卢">阿布杜拉瓦希德一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%AA%E5%8B%92" title="阿卜杜拉·阿迪勒">阿迪勒</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86" title="叶海亚·穆塔西姆">葉海亞</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%92%99" title="伊德里斯·马蒙">伊德里斯一世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="阿卜杜勒-瓦希德·拉希德">阿布杜拉瓦希德二世</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E8%B5%9B%E4%B9%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%94%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7" title="阿布·哈桑·赛义德·穆塔迪德">阿里</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E8%BE%BE" title="阿布·哈夫斯·奥马尔·穆尔塔达">歐瑪爾</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC" title="伊德里斯·瓦西格">伊德里斯二世</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="謝里夫哈里發國" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sharifian Caliphate"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="謝里夫哈里發國（页面不存在）">謝里夫哈里發</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharifian_Caliphate" class="extiw" title="en:Sharifian Caliphate"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sharifian Caliphate</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />（1924年—1925年）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="侯赛因·本·阿里">海珊</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国">伊斯蘭國哈里發</a><br />（2014年—）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE%E8%BF%AA" title="阿布·贝克尔·巴格达迪">巴格達迪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%8C" title="阿布·易卜拉欣·哈希米·库雷希">易卜拉欣</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C" title="阿布·哈桑·哈希米·库拉希">哈山</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C" title="阿布·侯赛因·侯赛尼·库拉希">海珊</a></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿布·哈夫斯·哈希米·库拉希" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B8%8C%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C" title="阿布·哈夫斯·哈希米·庫拉希">哈夫斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi" class="extiw" title="en:Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="伊斯兰教主題" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template:伊斯蘭教主題"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template talk:伊斯蘭教主題"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:伊斯蘭教主題"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="伊斯兰教主題" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>主題</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%A5" title="伊斯蘭教神學派別">信仰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E" title="伊斯兰教的神">伊斯蘭教的神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E4%B8%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="認主學">認主學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="穆罕默德">穆罕默德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5" title="伊斯蘭教的先知">先知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF" title="伊斯兰教中的天使">天使</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="伊斯蘭教聖書">聖書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%BF%E5%91%BD%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教宿命論">宿命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="審判日 (伊斯蘭教)" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="يوم القيامة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4%E6%97%A5_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="審判日 (伊斯蘭教)（页面不存在）">審判日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:يوم القيامة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">يوم القيامة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%8A%9F" title="五功">五功</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E8%A8%80" title="清真言">清真言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="礼拜 (伊斯兰教)">禮拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%88%92_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="齋戒 (伊斯蘭教)">齋戒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%AA%B2" title="天課">天課</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)">朝覲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="伊斯兰教历史">歷史</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%A0%98%E8%A2%96" title="伊斯蘭教宗教領袖">領袖</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="伊斯蘭教歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D" title="穆斯林的征服">征服</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代">伊斯蘭黃金時代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A3%94" title="聖裔">聖裔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4" title="薩哈巴">薩哈巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%91%AA%E7%9B%AE%E6%95%99%E7%BE%A9" title="伊瑪目教義">什葉派伊瑪目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="哈里發國">哈里發國</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="正统哈里发时期">正統哈里發</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AD%E9%A9%AC%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="倭马亚王朝">倭马亚王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%94%E6%96%AF%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="阿拔斯王朝">阿拔斯王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%9B%BD" title="科尔多瓦哈里发国">後倭馬亞王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%92%82%E7%8E%9B%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="法蒂玛王朝">法蒂玛王朝</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教早期史學史" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم التاريخ عند المسلمين"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教早期史學史（页面不存在）">史學史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:علم التاريخ عند المسلمين"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم التاريخ عند المسلمين</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">宗教經典</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="古兰经">古兰经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A1%8C" title="聖行">聖行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%A8%93" title="聖訓">聖訓</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="伊斯蘭教派">教派</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">蘇非主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E9%82%81%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="阿赫邁底亞">阿赫邁底亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="无教派穆斯林">無教派穆斯林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="伊斯兰民族">伊斯蘭民族</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="穆斯林世界">生活</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="伊斯兰文化">文化</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="伊斯蘭教與動物">動物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%9B%86" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭曆">曆法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5" title="伊斯蘭教與兒童">兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%AF%80%E6%97%A5" title="伊斯蘭教節日">節日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="清真寺">清真寺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8%E6%A0%A1" title="伊斯蘭學校">伊斯蘭學校</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="伊斯兰教与政治">政治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與科學">科學</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的科學">中世紀</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A6%E5%A5%B3%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" title="婦女與伊斯蘭教">婦女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="各国伊斯兰教">各国伊斯兰教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="法律法學" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯蘭教法">法律</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭教法學">法學</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="伊斯兰经济">經濟</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="伊斯蘭銀行">銀行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭經濟史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Islamic economics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭經濟史（页面不存在）">經濟史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" class="extiw" title="en:History of Islamic economics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Islamic economics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%82%B5%E5%88%B8" title="伊斯蘭債券">債券</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭保險" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تكافل"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭保險（页面不存在）">保險</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:تكافل"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تكافل</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="穆拉巴哈" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مرابحة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆拉巴哈（页面不存在）">成本加利潤融資</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مرابحة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مرابحة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="里巴">利息</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭淨禮" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الطهارة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%B7%A8%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭淨禮（页面不存在）">衛生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:الطهارة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الطهارة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大淨" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="غسل (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大淨（页面不存在）">大淨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B3%D9%84_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:غسل (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">غسل (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="咀嚼棒" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="سواك"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%80%E5%9A%BC%E6%A3%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咀嚼棒（页面不存在）">咀嚼棒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83" class="extiw" title="ar:سواك"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">سواك</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%B4%81_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="不洁 (伊斯兰教)">不潔</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="代淨" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تيمم"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E6%B7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代淨（页面不存在）">代淨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:تيمم"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تيمم</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A6%82%E5%BB%81%E7%A6%AE%E5%84%80" title="伊斯蘭如廁禮儀">如廁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%B7%A8" title="小淨">小淨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭家事法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic family jurisprudence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭家事法（页面不存在）">家事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic family jurisprudence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic family jurisprudence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭婚姻法學">婚姻</a></li><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فقه النكاح"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AD" class="extiw" title="ar:فقه النكاح"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فقه النكاح</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈亞" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حياء"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈亞（页面不存在）">廉恥</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" class="extiw" title="ar:حياء"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حياء</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭婚約" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="عقد الزواج في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭婚約（页面不存在）">婚約</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:عقد الزواج في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">عقد الزواج في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E4%BA%A5%E7%88%BE" title="麥亥爾">麥亥爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬然" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="محرم (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬然（页面不存在）">馬然</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:محرم (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">محرم (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭婚姻法學">終身婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E5%AF%86%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%B6%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="私密临时婚姻">臨時婚姻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E7%B4%8D_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="齊納 (伊斯蘭教)">非法性行為</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="成年 (伊斯蘭教)" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="بلوغ (إسلام)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E5%B9%B4_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成年 (伊斯蘭教)（页面不存在）">成年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" class="extiw" title="ar:بلوغ (إسلام)"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">بلوغ (إسلام)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭刑事法學">刑事</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清真屠宰" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ذبح حلال"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%B1%A0%E5%AE%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清真屠宰（页面不存在）">清真屠宰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD_%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84" class="extiw" title="ar:ذبح حلال"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ذبح حلال</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%B1%B3" title="齐米">齊米</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="塔拉克">離婚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%90%88%E6%95%99%E8%A6%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="符合教規的食物 (伊斯蘭教)">飲食</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教倫理" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="أخلاق إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教倫理（页面不存在）">倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:أخلاق إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">أخلاق إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%81%94%E5%8D%9C" title="艾達卜">禮儀</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麦希尔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maisir"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A6%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麦希尔（页面不存在）">賭博</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisir" class="extiw" title="en:Maisir"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maisir</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="性別隔離與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E9%9A%94%E9%9B%A2%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="性別隔離與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">性別隔離</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">حكم الاختلاط في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="礼拜 (伊斯兰教)">尊稱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭繼承法學">繼承</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="吉茲亞">吉茲亞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭領導權" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic leadership"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭領導權（页面不存在）">領導權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic leadership"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic leadership</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8" title="伊斯蘭教與奴隸">奴隸</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭軍事法學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فقه عسكري إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭軍事法學（页面不存在）">軍事</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:فقه عسكري إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فقه عسكري إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戰俘與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prisoners of war in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E4%BF%98%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戰俘與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">戰俘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Prisoners of war in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prisoners of war in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教法源" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="مصادر التشريع الإسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%B3%95%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教法源（页面不存在）">法源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:مصادر التشريع الإسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">مصادر التشريع الإسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="依巴代" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="العبادة في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%9D%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="依巴代（页面不存在）">宗教禮儀法學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:العبادة في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">العبادة في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">教義學</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="_伊斯蘭研究" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭研究">伊斯蘭研究</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="伊斯蘭藝術">藝術</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E7%B4%8B%E6%A8%A3" title="阿拉伯紋樣">阿拉伯式花紋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="伊斯蘭建築">建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="伊斯兰书法">書法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%92%E6%9E%97" title="伊斯蘭園林">園林</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭幾何圖形" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="زخارف هندسية إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭幾何圖形（页面不存在）">幾何圖形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:زخارف هندسية إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">زخارف هندسية إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭音樂" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الموسيقى في الإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭音樂（页面不存在）">音樂</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:الموسيقى في الإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الموسيقى في الإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭陶器" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="خزف إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭陶器（页面不存在）">陶器</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:خزف إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">خزف إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的科學">中世紀科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的煉金術" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的煉金術（页面不存在）">煉金術及化學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الخيمياء والكيمياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="中古伊斯蘭天文學">天文學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的宇宙學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的宇宙學（页面不存在）">宇宙學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم الكونيات في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的地理與地圖學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%88%87%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的地理與地圖學（页面不存在）">地理與地圖學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الجغرافيا في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8" title="伊斯蘭黃金時代的數學">數學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中世纪伊斯兰世界的医学">醫學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的物理" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的物理（页面不存在）">物理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الفيزياء في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭哲學">哲學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期伊斯蘭哲學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期伊斯蘭哲學（页面不存在）">早期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="當代伊斯蘭哲學" data-lang-code="fa" data-lang-name="波斯語" data-foreign-title="فلسفه اسلامی معاصر"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="當代伊斯蘭哲學（页面不存在）">當代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">波斯語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="fa:فلسفه اسلامی معاصر"><span lang="fa" dir="auto">فلسفه اسلامی معاصر</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E6%9C%AB%E4%B8%96%E8%AB%96" title="伊斯蘭教末世論">末世論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="伊斯兰教义学">教義學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的占星術" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的占星術（页面不存在）">占星術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89" class="extiw" title="ar:التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">التنجيم في الإسلام خلال العصور الوسطى</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與演化論" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نظرة الإسلام للتطور"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與演化論（页面不存在）">演化論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1" class="extiw" title="ar:نظرة الإسلام للتطور"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نظرة الإسلام للتطور</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭女性主義">女性主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" title="伊斯蘭世界的發明">發明</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭自由主義與進步主義" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ليبرالية إسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E8%88%87%E9%80%B2%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭自由主義與進步主義（页面不存在）">自由主義與進步主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:ليبرالية إسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ليبرالية إسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭文學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="أدب إسلامي"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭文學（页面不存在）">文學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:أدب إسلامي"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">أدب إسلامي</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭詩歌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic poetry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭詩歌（页面不存在）">詩歌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_poetry" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic poetry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic poetry</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的心理學" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀伊斯蘭世界的心理學（页面不存在）">心理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">علم النفس في عصر الحضارة الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E4%B9%8C%E6%AF%94%E8%80%B6" title="舒乌比耶">舒烏比耶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非穆斯林場所改造成清真寺" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%B4%E6%89%80%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非穆斯林場所改造成清真寺（页面不存在）">改造成清真寺</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="ar:تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">تحويل دور العبادة غير الإسلامية إلى مساجد</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="_其他" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span style="padding-left: 2.5em;"> </span>其他</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والأديان الأخرى"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與其他宗教（页面不存在）">其他宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والأديان الأخرى"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والأديان الأخرى</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="伊斯蘭教與基督教關係">基督教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與摩門教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والمورمونية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%91%A9%E9%96%80%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與摩門教（页面不存在）">摩門教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والمورمونية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والمورمونية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與新教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="البروتستانتية والإسلام"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與新教（页面不存在）">新教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" class="extiw" title="ar:البروتستانتية والإسلام"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">البروتستانتية والإسلام</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度教與伊斯蘭教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度教與伊斯蘭教（页面不存在）">印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">العلاقات الهندوسية الإسلامية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與耆那教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والجاينية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與耆那教（页面不存在）">耆那教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والجاينية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والجاينية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與猶太教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام واليهودية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與猶太教（页面不存在）">猶太教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام واليهودية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام واليهودية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與錫克教" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="الإسلام والسيخية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E9%8C%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與錫克教（页面不存在）">錫克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الإسلام والسيخية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">الإسلام والسيخية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99)" title="叛教 (伊斯蘭教)">叛教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各國叛離伊斯蘭教的情況" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Apostasy in Islam by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%9B%E9%9B%A2%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%83%85%E6%B3%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各國叛離伊斯蘭教的情況（页面不存在）">各國</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Apostasy in Islam by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Apostasy in Islam by country</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ex-Muslims"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林（页面不存在）">前穆斯林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-Muslims" class="extiw" title="en:Ex-Muslims"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ex-Muslims</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of former Muslims"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" class="extiw" title="en:List of former Muslims"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of former Muslims</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前穆斯林組織" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of ex-Muslim organisations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前穆斯林組織（页面不存在）">組織</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" class="extiw" title="en:List of ex-Muslim organisations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of ex-Muslim organisations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">相關主題</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95" title="對伊斯蘭教的批評">對伊斯蘭教的批評</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E4%BA%8E%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84" title="对于穆罕默德的批评">穆罕默德</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對古蘭經的批評" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نقد القرآن"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對古蘭經的批評（页面不存在）">古蘭經</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:نقد القرآن"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نقد القرآن</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="文化穆斯林">文化穆斯林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="伊斯兰主义">伊斯蘭主義</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="نقد الإسلاموية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對伊斯蘭主義的批評（页面不存在）">批評</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:نقد الإسلاموية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">نقد الإسلاموية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="後伊斯蘭主義" data-lang-code="ar" data-lang-name="阿拉伯语" data-foreign-title="ما بعد الإسلاموية"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%8C%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="後伊斯蘭主義（页面不存在）">後伊斯蘭主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">阿拉伯语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:ما بعد الإسلاموية"><span lang="ar" dir="auto">ما بعد الإسلاموية</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="庫特布主義">庫特布主義</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="伊斯兰恐惧症">伊斯兰恐惧症</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭恐懼症相關事件列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Islamophobic incidents"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC%E7%97%87%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭恐懼症相關事件列表（页面不存在）">事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamophobic_incidents" class="extiw" title="en:List of Islamophobic incidents"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Islamophobic incidents</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="伊斯蘭恐怖主義">伊斯蘭恐怖主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與奇跡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islamic view of miracles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%A5%87%E8%B7%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與奇跡（页面不存在）">奇跡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" class="extiw" title="en:Islamic view of miracles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islamic view of miracles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與家庭暴力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam and domestic violence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與家庭暴力（页面不存在）">家庭暴力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" class="extiw" title="en:Islam and domestic violence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam and domestic violence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教與護理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Nursing in Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教與護理（页面不存在）">護士</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Nursing in Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Nursing in Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="對穆斯林的迫害">對穆斯林的迫害</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊斯蘭教象徵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Symbols of Islam"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊斯蘭教象徵（页面不存在）">象徵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" class="extiw" title="en:Symbols of Islam"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Symbols of Islam</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65997#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" 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