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<li id="toc-Fabric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fabric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rivets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Manufacturing processes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacturing_processes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manufacturing processes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dyeing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dyeing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dyeing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dyeing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-shrinking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-shrinking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pre-shrinking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-shrinking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Used_and_distressed_looks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Used_and_distressed_looks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Used and distressed looks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Used_and_distressed_looks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Changes_in_appearance_due_to_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_in_appearance_due_to_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Changes in appearance due to use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_in_appearance_due_to_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distressed_jeans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distressed_jeans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.1</span> <span>Distressed jeans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distressed_jeans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_and_humanitarian_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_and_humanitarian_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Environmental and humanitarian impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_and_humanitarian_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Care_and_wear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Care_and_wear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Care and wear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Care_and_wear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legal cases</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_cases-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal cases subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_rape_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_rape_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Italian rape trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_rape_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rokotov-Faibishenko_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rokotov-Faibishenko_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Rokotov-Faibishenko case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rokotov-Faibishenko_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trends</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trends-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Trends subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Worldwide_market_for_jeans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_market_for_jeans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Worldwide market for jeans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_market_for_jeans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Soviet Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market-share_shift_to_activewear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market-share_shift_to_activewear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Market-share shift to activewear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market-share_shift_to_activewear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_on_the_basic_type" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_on_the_basic_type"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variations on the basic type</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations_on_the_basic_type-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations on the basic type subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations_on_the_basic_type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low-rise_jeans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-rise_jeans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Low-rise jeans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-rise_jeans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Industrial production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jeans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denimbroek" title="Denimbroek – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Denimbroek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جينز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جينز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7" title="جین پارچا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جین پارچا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="জিন্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জিন্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jins" title="Jins – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Jins" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BB-%C3%A1-kh%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Gû-á-khò͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gû-á-khò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Джынсы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джынсы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Джынсы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джынсы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Джинси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джинси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texans" title="Texans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Texans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Джинсси – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Джинсси" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BE%C3%ADny" title="Džíny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Džíny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buluku_ya_Bafuta-mkomi" title="Buluku ya Bafuta-mkomi – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Buluku ya Bafuta-mkomi" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEns" title="Jîns – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jîns" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowboybukser" title="Cowboybukser – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cowboybukser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksad" title="Teksad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teksad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD_(%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Τζιν (ένδυμα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζιν (ένδυμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantal%C3%B3n_vaquero" title="Pantalón vaquero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pantalón vaquero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cinzo" title="Ĝinzo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝinzo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9)" title="جین (پوشاک) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جین (پوشاک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantalon_en_jeans" title="Pantalon en jeans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pantalon en jeans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ADons" title="Jíons – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jíons" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%AD%EB%B0%94%EC%A7%80" title="청바지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="청바지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD" title="Ջինս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջինս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जीन्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीन्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_(celana)" title="Jin (celana) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jin (celana)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="ג'ינס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ינס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clana_jean" title="Clana jean – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Clana jean" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Джинс шалбары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джинс шалбары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%AEns" title="Cîns – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cîns" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Джинсы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Джинсы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuenses" title="Genuenses – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Genuenses" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEinsi" title="Džinsi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džinsi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEinsai" title="Džinsai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džinsai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jina" title="Jina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gins" title="Gins – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gins" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmernadr%C3%A1g" title="Farmernadrág – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Farmernadrág" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Фармерки – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фармерки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജീൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जीन्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीन्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean" title="Jean – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jean" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B9-gi%C4%81ng-k%C3%B3" title="Ngù-giāng-kó – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ngù-giāng-kó" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spijkerbroek" title="Spijkerbroek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spijkerbroek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="ジーンズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジーンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongeribukse" title="Dongeribukse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dongeribukse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongeribukse" title="Dongeribukse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dongeribukse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BCinsy" title="Dżinsy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dżinsy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blugi" title="Blugi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Blugi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Джинсы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джинсы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhins-i" title="Xhins-i – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhins-i" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginzi" title="Ginzi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ginzi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BE%C3%ADnsy" title="Džínsy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Džínsy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Фармерке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фармерке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calana_Jins" title="Calana Jins – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Calana Jins" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmarihousut" title="Farmarihousut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Farmarihousut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jeans" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88" title="நீலக்கால் சட்டை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீலக்கால் சட்டை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="జీన్స్ (వస్త్రం) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీన్స్ (వస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ยีนส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยีนส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot_pantolon" title="Kot pantolon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kot pantolon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Джинси – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джинси" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="جینز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جینز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEinsad" title="Džinsad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Džinsad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BA%A7n_jean" title="Quần jean – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quần jean" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maong" title="Maong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Maong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A3%A4" title="牛仔裤 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="牛仔裤" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2" title="牛仔褲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="牛仔褲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A3%A4" title="牛仔裤 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牛仔裤" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Blue Jeans" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Blue_Jeans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Blue Jeans (disambiguation)">Blue Jeans (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeans_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jeans (disambiguation)">Jeans (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jeans.jpg/220px-Jeans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Jeans.jpg/330px-Jeans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Jeans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>A pair of jeans</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_jeans_fading.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blue_jeans_fading.png/220px-Blue_jeans_fading.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blue_jeans_fading.png/330px-Blue_jeans_fading.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Blue_jeans_fading.png/440px-Blue_jeans_fading.png 2x" data-file-width="2275" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>Microscopic image of faded fabric</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jeans</b> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">trousers</a> made from <a href="/wiki/Denim" title="Denim">denim</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dungaree_(fabric)" title="Dungaree (fabric)">dungaree</a> cloth. Often the term "jeans" refers to a particular style of trousers, called "blue jeans", with the addition of copper pocket rivets added by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_W._Davis" title="Jacob W. Davis">Jacob W. Davis</a> in 1871<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and patented by Davis and <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss" title="Levi Strauss">Levi Strauss</a> on May 20, 1873. Prior to the patent, the term "blue jeans" had been long in use for various garments (including trousers, overalls, and coats), constructed from blue-colored denim.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally designed for <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">miners</a>, modern jeans were popularized as casual wear by <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a> in their 1950s films, particularly <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wild_One" title="The Wild One">The Wild One</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Without_a_Cause" title="Rebel Without a Cause">Rebel Without a Cause</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the fabric becoming a symbol of rebellion among teenagers, especially members of the <a href="/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)">greaser</a> subculture. From the 1960s onwards, jeans became common among various youth subcultures and subsequently young members of the general population. Nowadays, they are one of the most popular types of trousers in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a>. Historic brands include <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee_(jeans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee (jeans)">Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wrangler_(jeans)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangler (jeans)">Wrangler</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabric">Fabric</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fabric"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manifattura_genovese,_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_(jeans),_1850-1900_ca..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG/180px-Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG/270px-Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG/360px-Manifattura_genovese%2C_abito_da_festa_in_tela_di_genova_%28jeans%29%2C_1850-1900_ca..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1836" data-file-height="3426" /></a><figcaption>A traditional women's Genoese dress in "blue jeans" (1890s). <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Spinola_di_Pellicceria" title="Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria">Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>Research on the trade of jean fabric shows that it emerged in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, Italy, and <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, France. Gênes, the French word for Genoa, might be the origin of the word "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jeans" class="extiw" title="wikt:jeans">jeans</a>". In Nîmes, weavers tried to reproduce jean fabric but instead developed a similar <a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">twill</a> fabric that became known as denim, "<i>de Nîmes"</i>, meaning "from Nîmes". Genoa's jeans fabric was a <a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">fustian</a> textile of "medium quality and of reasonable cost", very similar to cotton <a href="/wiki/Corduroy" title="Corduroy">corduroy</a> for which Genoa was famous, and was "used for work clothes in general". The <a href="/wiki/Genoese_navy" title="Genoese navy">Genoese navy</a> equipped its sailors with jeans, as they needed a fabric that could be worn wet or dry.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nîmes's "denim" was coarser, considered higher quality, and was used "for over garments such as smocks or overalls".<sup id="cite_ref-Gruber_2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber_2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 23">: 23 </span></sup> In 1576, a quantity of "jean fustians" arrived into the port of Barnstaple on a vessel from Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly all <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, needed for dyeing, came from indigo bush plantations in India until the late 19th century. It was replaced by indigo synthesis methods developed in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg/250px-Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg/330px-Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg/500px-Closeup_of_copper_rivet_on_jeans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Copper <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivets</a> for reinforcing pockets are a characteristic feature of blue jeans.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 17th century, jean was a crucial textile for working-class people in Northern Italy. This is seen in a series of genre paintings from around the 17th century attributed to an artist now referred to as the Master of the Blue Jeans.<sup id="cite_ref-Gruber_2010_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gruber_2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 10">: 10 </span></sup> The ten paintings depict impoverished scenes with lower-class figures wearing a fabric that looks like denim. The fabric would have been Genoese jean, which was cheaper. <a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a> came to prominence in the late 16th century, and the non-nobility subject matter in all ten paintings places them among others that portray similar scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dungaree was mentioned for the first time in the 17th century, when it was referred to as cheap, coarse thick cotton cloth, often colored blue but sometimes white, worn by impoverished people in what was then a region of <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, India a dockside village called Dongri. This cloth was "dungri" in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>. Dungri was exported to England and used for manufacturing of cheap, robust working clothes. In English, the word "dungri" became pronounced as "dungaree".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles"><span title="The Dungaree paragraph near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (February 2020)">relevant?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivets">Rivets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rivets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_W._Davis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jacob_W._Davis.jpg/250px-Jacob_W._Davis.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jacob_W._Davis.jpg/330px-Jacob_W._Davis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Jacob_W._Davis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Jacob Davis</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Levi_Strauss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Levi_Strauss.jpg/200px-Levi_Strauss.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Levi_Strauss.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="288" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Levi Strauss</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The term <i>jeans</i> appears first in 1795, when a Swiss banker by the name <a href="/wiki/Jean-Gabriel_Eynard" title="Jean-Gabriel Eynard">Jean-Gabriel Eynard</a> and his brother Jacques went to Genoa and both were soon heading a flourishing commercial concern. In 1800 <a href="/wiki/Massena" class="mw-redirect" title="Massena">Massena</a>'s troops entered the town and Jean-Gabriel was entrusted with their supply. In particular he furnished them with uniforms cut from blue cloth called "bleu de Genes" whence later derives the famous garment known worldwide as "blue jeans".<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss" title="Levi Strauss">Levi Strauss</a>, as a young man in 1851, went from Germany to New York to join his older brothers who ran a goods store. In 1853, he moved to San Francisco to open his own dry goods business. <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Davis_(inventor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Davis (inventor)">Jacob Davis</a> was a tailor who often bought bolts of cloth from the <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co" class="mw-redirect" title="Levi Strauss & Co">Levi Strauss & Co</a>. wholesale house. In 1872, Davis wrote to Strauss asking to partner with him to patent and sell clothing reinforced with <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Downey_2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downey_2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The copper rivets were to reinforce the points of stress, such as pocket corners and at the bottom of the button fly. Strauss accepted Davis's offer,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the two men received US patent No. 139,121 for an "Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings" on May 20, 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg/220px-Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg/330px-Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg/440px-Photo_%C3%A9tiquette_Levi%27s_501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>The classic label for Levi 501 jeans</figcaption></figure> <p>Davis and Strauss experimented with different fabrics. An early attempt was brown <a href="/wiki/Cotton_duck" title="Cotton duck">cotton duck</a>, a bottom-weight fabric.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding denim a more suitable material for work-pants, they began using it to manufacture their riveted pants. The denim used was produced by an American manufacturer. Popular legend incorrectly states that it was imported from Nîmes. A popular myth is that Strauss initially sold brown canvas pants to miners, later dyed them blue, turned to using denim, and only after Davis wrote to him, added rivets.<sup id="cite_ref-Downey_2007_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downey_2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially, Strauss's jeans were simply sturdy trousers worn by <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">factory workers</a>, miners, farmers, and cattlemen throughout the North American West.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, men's jeans had the <a href="/wiki/Fly_(clothing)" title="Fly (clothing)">fly</a> down the front, whereas women's jeans had the fly down the left side.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss_%26_Co." title="Levi Strauss & Co.">Levi Strauss & Co.</a> patented the modern, mass-produced prototype in 1873, there were two pockets in the front and a patch pocket on the back right reinforced with copper rivets.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The small riveted watch pocket was first added by Levi Strauss to their jeans in the late 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_evolution">20th century evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1901, Levi Strauss added the back left pocket to their 501 model.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This created the now familiar and industry-standard five-pocket configuration with two large pockets and small watch pocket in front with two pockets on the rear. </p><p>The popularity of "waist overalls", as jeans were sometimes called, expanded during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1960s, both men's and women's jeans had the <a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">zipper</a> down the front. Historic photographs indicate that in the decades before they became a staple of fashion, jeans generally fit quite loosely, much like a pair of <a href="/wiki/Overall" class="mw-redirect" title="Overall">bib overalls</a> without the bib. Indeed, until 1960, Levi Strauss called its flagship product "waist overalls" rather than "jeans". </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/James_Dean" title="James Dean">James Dean</a> popularized them in the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Rebel_Without_a_Cause" title="Rebel Without a Cause">Rebel Without a Cause</a></i>, wearing jeans became a symbol of youth rebellion during the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1960s, the wearing of jeans became more acceptable, and by the 1970s it had become general fashion in the United States for casual wear.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2003_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2003-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan in 1977, a professor of <a href="/wiki/Osaka_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka University">Osaka University</a> Philip Karl Pehda chastised a female student wearing jeans in the classroom. Then he was protested by the students, and a controversy arose in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of intentional denim distressing strictly to make them more fashionable can be seen as early as 1935 in Vogue's June issue.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Belluomo, editor of <i>Sportswear International Magazine</i>, Oct/Nov 1987, p. 45, wrote that in 1965, Limbo, a boutique in the New York East Village, was "the first retailer to wash a new pair of jeans to get a used, worn effect, and the idea became a hit." He continued, "[Limbo] hired East Village artists to embellish the jeans with patches, decals, and other touches, and sold them for $200." In the early 1980s the denim industry introduced the <a href="/wiki/Stonewashed_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonewashed jeans">stone-washing</a> technique developed by GWG also known as "Great Western Garment Co." Donald Freeland of <a href="/wiki/Edmonton,_Alberta" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton, Alberta">Edmonton, Alberta</a>, pioneered the method,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which helped to bring denim to a larger and more versatile market. Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s. Originally a utilitarian garment, jeans became a common fashion choice in the second half of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 21st century, <i><a href="/wiki/Details_(magazine)" title="Details (magazine)">Details</a> Men's Style Manual</i> devoted a chapter to jeans, saying, "Now that jeans have become more acceptable cocktail-hour attire, you should probably own more than one pair." Calling Levi's 501s "an icon from the moment they were introduced," and "the quintessential pair of jeans," the guidebook calls the standard straight leg design, "a classic clean-cut <i><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></i> look."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing_processes">Manufacturing processes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manufacturing processes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dyeing">Dyeing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dyeing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azo_dye" title="Azo dye">Azo dye</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indigo_skeletal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indigo_skeletal.svg/250px-Indigo_skeletal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indigo_skeletal.svg/330px-Indigo_skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indigo_skeletal.svg/440px-Indigo_skeletal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption>Chemical structure of <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo dye</a>, the blue of blue jeans</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This isn't a question of "tradition". We should be able to get a date, e.g., "until 1875, most jeans were dyed with natural indigo" or whatever (April 2025)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> jeans were <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dyed</a> to a blue color using natural <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo dye</a>. Most denim is now dyed using synthetic indigo. Approximately 20 thousand tons of indigo are produced annually for this purpose, though only a few grams of the dye are required for each pair.<sup id="cite_ref-Steingruber_2004_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steingruber_2004-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For other colors of denim other dyes must be used. Currently, jeans are produced in any color that can be achieved with cotton. </p><p>For more information on dyeing, refer to <a href="/wiki/Denim#Dyeing" title="Denim">denim</a> and the discussion there of using pigment dyes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-shrinking">Pre-shrinking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pre-shrinking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo,_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg/250px-Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg/330px-Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg/500px-Group_at_Piazza_del_Popolo%2C_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3137" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption>Crowd of people wearing a variety of jean styles, including <a href="/wiki/Carpenter_jeans" title="Carpenter jeans">carpenter jeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bootcut_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bootcut jeans">bootcut jeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drainpipe_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainpipe jeans">drainpipe jeans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Low-rise_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-rise jeans">lowrise jeans</a> (Rome, 2008)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1962, Levi Strauss introduced their own pre-shrunk jeans (Lee and Wrangler jeans had already long been pre-shrunk); these did not shrink further after purchase, allowing the consumer to purchase a correctly fitting size. Pre-shrink is common in jeans nowadays.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These jeans were known as the 505 regular fit jeans. The 505s are almost identical to the 501s with the exception of the button-fly. The Levi's Corporation also introduced a slim boot-cut fit known as 517 and 527. The difference between the two is that the 517s sit at the waist line and the 527s sit below the waist line. Later, Levi's would develop other styles and fits such as the loose, slim, comfort, relaxed, skinny, and a regular fit with a tapered leg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Used_and_distressed_looks">Used and distressed looks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Used and distressed looks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/170px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/255px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/340px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> wearing stonewash denim associated with <a href="/wiki/Western_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Western clothing">Western clothing</a>, 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>A significant amount of the aesthetic treatment of jeans may occur after the denim has been cut and sewn into the final garment. Many denim articles are washed to make them softer and to reduce or minimize <a href="/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinkage (fabric)">shrinkage</a> even beyond what sanforization prevents. Significantly washed denim can resemble dry denim which has faded naturally over extended use. Such distressing may be supplemented by chemical treatments or physical techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Stone_washing" title="Stone washing">stone washing</a>. </p><p>The used or "<a href="/wiki/Stone_washing" title="Stone washing">acid wash</a>" look is created by means of abrading the jeans or treating them with chemicals, such as acryl resin, phenol, a hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, caustic soda, acids etc.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ripping or <a href="/wiki/Distressing" title="Distressing">distressing</a> of jeans, though also arising naturally as a result of wear and tear, is sometimes deliberately performed by suppliers—with distressed clothing sometimes selling for more than a nondistressed pair. For example, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Pucci" title="Emilio Pucci">Pucci</a> sold "embellished mid-rise boyfriend jeans" for £600 (US$860).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Changes_in_appearance_due_to_use">Changes in appearance due to use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Changes in appearance due to use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over time dry denim will fade, which is considered fashionable in some circumstances. During the process of wear, fading will usually occur on those parts of the article that receive the most stress. On a pair of jeans, this includes the upper thighs, the ankles, and the areas behind the knees. Patterns of fading in jeans caused by prolonged periods of wear include: </p> <ul><li>honeycombs – meshes of faded line-segments that form behind the knees</li> <li>whiskers – faded streaks that form radially from the crotch area</li> <li>stacks – irregular bands of fading above the ankle caused by accordioning of the fabric due to contact with the foot or shoe<sup id="cite_ref-Shapira2016_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapira2016-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>train tracks – fading along the out-seams due to abrasion<sup id="cite_ref-Shapira2016_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapira2016-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Fibers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope"><img alt="Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Denim_Fibers.jpg/330px-Denim_Fibers.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Denim_Fibers.jpg/500px-Denim_Fibers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Denim_Fibers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Denim fibers from an old pair of jeans through a microscope</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg/321px-Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg/482px-Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg/642px-Full_Count_Denim_Fade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4622" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Natural fading on a worn pair of selvedge jeans. Such patterns are sometimes referred to as 'whiskers' or 'honeycombs'.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Distressed_jeans">Distressed jeans</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Distressed jeans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_(4920457551).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_%284920457551%29.jpg/170px-Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_%284920457551%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_%284920457551%29.jpg/255px-Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_%284920457551%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Recording_artist_Leigh_Jones_entertained_troops_at_Fort_Belvoir_090501_%284920457551%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="285" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Ripped jeans were worn by singer Leigh Jones in this promotional photo.</figcaption></figure> <p>Distressed denim emerged from the cultural <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk</a> movement in the 1970s. Early punks tore apart consumer goods as an expression of their anger towards capitalism and corporate greed. </p><p>Punks used <a href="/wiki/Safety_pin" title="Safety pin">safety pins</a> in garments to encourage the youth to not buy endless, meaningless fashion, and thus fund corporations. Clothes manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrified</a> the notion by selling clothes with safety pins already in them, so the original meaning of punk was lost. <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denim became a key target of this politically fueled deconstruction, with both men and women donning torn pants and jackets, accessorized with safety pins and slogans. </p><p>The trend became popular again in the 1990s with the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> fashion. The grunge youth wore loose-fitting ripped jeans, flannel shirts or woolen <a href="/wiki/Pendleton_Woolen_Mills" title="Pendleton Woolen Mills">Pendletons</a> layered over T-shirts. Their anti-conformist approach to fashion led to the popularization of the casual chic look, a trend which continued into the 2000s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_and_humanitarian_impact">Environmental and humanitarian impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental and humanitarian impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical pair of blue jeans uses 3,479 litres (919 US gal) of water during its life cycle. This includes the water to irrigate the cotton crop, manufacture the jeans, and the numerous washes by the consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_2011_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman_2011-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="Droptima"></span>During production, the typical amount for washing with traditional Pullman machines reaches 90 litres per jeans, which can be reduced to about 27 litres using modern frontloaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Klink_2022_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klink_2022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Novel washing processes such as Droptima can reduce that to 6 litres fresh water plus 4 litres used water.<sup id="cite_ref-Klink_2022_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klink_2022-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IKU_2022_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IKU_2022-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISI_2022_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISI_2022-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dontscheff_2022_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dontscheff_2022-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of jeans with a "used look" can be more environmentally damaging than regular jeans, depending on how the waste compounds are processed. Sandblasting and treating with sandpaper has the risk of causing <a href="/wiki/Silicosis" title="Silicosis">silicosis</a> to the workers, and in Turkey, more than 5,000 textile workers have been stricken with this disease, and 46 people are known to have died. Some companies have announced they are banning the use of sandblasting.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Care_and_wear">Care and wear</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Care and wear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite most jeans being "pre-shrunk", they are still sensitive to slight further shrinkage and loss of color from being washed. The Levi Strauss company recommends avoiding washing jeans as much as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Wash_My_Jeans?_Hardly_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wash_My_Jeans?_Hardly-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These and other suggestions to avoid washing jeans where possible have encountered criticism. Cory Warren, editor of <i>LS&Co. Unzipped</i>, clarifies in a response to such a criticism: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Our advice is to wash less often, but clearly, you have to judge for yourself what's appropriate. Hot day, dirty job? Wash your jeans. Please! Cold day, office job? Maybe you can wear them twice or more before they go back to the washing machine. Personally, if I wear a pair of jeans to work on Friday—cool climate, office job—I tend to wear them on Saturday. And if Saturday is spent indoors and I'm not spilling food all over myself, I might even wear them on Sunday.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Corey Warren<sup id="cite_ref-Wash_My_Jeans?_Hardly_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wash_My_Jeans?_Hardly-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>For those who prefer to refrain from washing their jeans there have been suggestions to freeze them in order to kill the germs that cause odor. However, this advice has been proven ineffective.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_cases">Legal cases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legal cases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_rape_trial">Italian rape trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Italian rape trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy, in 1992, a 45-year-old driving instructor was accused of rape. When he picked up an 18-year-old girl for her first driving lesson, he allegedly raped her for an hour, then told her that if she was to tell anyone he would kill her. Later that night she told her parents and her parents agreed to help her press charges. While the alleged rapist was convicted and sentenced, the Italian <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a> overturned the conviction in 1998 because the victim wore tight jeans. It was argued that she must have necessarily had to help her attacker remove her jeans, thus making the act <a href="/wiki/Consensual" class="mw-redirect" title="Consensual">consensual</a> ("because the victim wore very, very tight jeans, she had to help him remove them... and by removing the jeans... it was no longer rape but consensual sex"). The court stated in its decision "it is a fact of common experience that it is nearly impossible to slip off tight jeans even partly without the active collaboration of the person who is wearing them."<sup id="cite_ref-Faedi_2009_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faedi_2009-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ruling sparked widespread feminist protest. The day after the decision, women in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a> protested by wearing jeans and holding placards that read "Jeans: An Alibi for Rape". As a sign of support, the <a href="/wiki/California_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="California Senate">California Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/California_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="California Assembly">California Assembly</a> followed suit. <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Giggans" title="Patricia Giggans">Patricia Giggans</a>, the executive director of the Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women (now Peace Over Violence) soon made <a href="/wiki/Denim_Day" title="Denim Day">Denim Day</a> an annual event. As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> at least 20 U.S. states officially recognize Denim Day in April. Wearing jeans on that day has become an international symbol of protest against such attitudes about sexual assault. In 2008 the Supreme Court of Cassation overturned the ruling, so there is no longer a "denim" defense to the charge of rape.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Faedi_2009_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faedi_2009-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rokotov-Faibishenko_case">Rokotov-Faibishenko case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rokotov-Faibishenko case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rokotov-Faibishenko_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Rokotov-Faibishenko case">Rokotov-Faibishenko case</a></div> <p>In 1957, during the <a href="/wiki/6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students" title="6th World Festival of Youth and Students">6th World Festival of Youth and Students</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>), Western-made jeans were first introduced to the communist state and sparked "jeans fever" at the time. People preferred to wear Western-made blue jeans rather than local-made black ones. In Soviet ideology, such an action challenged communist-made jeans and symbolized Western victory. In 1961, two ringleaders, Y. T. Rokotov and V. P. Faibishenko, were caught with their group for smuggling currencies from other countries along with blue jeans and other contraband. Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>, the duo were executed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trends">Trends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide_market_for_jeans">Worldwide market for jeans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Worldwide market for jeans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>North America accounts for 39% of global purchases for jeans, followed by Western Europe at 20%, Japan and Korea at 10% and the rest of the world at 31%.<sup id="cite_ref-worldwide_denim_market_report_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldwide_denim_market_report-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States consumers spent more than US$14 billion on jeans in 2004 and US$15 billion in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sullivan_2006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US consumers bought US$13.8 billion of men's and women's jeans in the year that ended April 30, 2011 (~$18.4 billion in 2023), according to market-research firm NPD Group.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union">Soviet Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soviet Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, jeans were the symbol of the Western way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "jeans fever" in the USSR started in 1957 during the <a href="/wiki/World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students" title="World Festival of Youth and Students">World Festival of Youth and Students</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rua_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rua-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 1961 Soviet textile dictionary, jeans were initially referred to as a "worker's uniform" (рабочий костюм, <i>rabochii kostyum</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The jeans brand Rokotov and Fainberg is named after the defendants in the Rokotov–Faibishenko case, Yan T. Rokotov and Vladislav P. Faibishenko, who were executed for, among other things, trafficking in jeans.<sup id="cite_ref-rua_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rua-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although not outright banned, jeans were hard to come by in the Soviet Union since they were seen as a symbol of rebellion by the Soviet youth, who wanted to emulate the style of film and rock stars of the West. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a> resisted supplying the market with jeans as it would mean responding to the <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> principle.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People went to great lengths, sometimes by resorting to violence and other illegal activities, to obtain real Western-made jeans. That led to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Black_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Black markets">black markets</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_consumer_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterfeit consumer goods">bootlegging</a> of jeans, which since has become an important cultural element of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">history of the Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Market-share_shift_to_activewear">Market-share shift to activewear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Market-share shift to activewear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, teens were buying more fashion and <a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">athleisure</a> clothing from brands such as <a href="/wiki/Nike,_Inc." title="Nike, Inc.">Nike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lululemon" title="Lululemon">Lululemon</a> over denim classics from brands like <a href="/wiki/Abercrombie_%26_Fitch" title="Abercrombie & Fitch">Abercrombie & Fitch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Activewear" class="mw-redirect" title="Activewear">Activewear</a> in 2014 comprised 28% of teens' apparel purchases, up from 6% in 2008. In 2014, Nike, Lululemon, <a href="/wiki/Under_Armour" title="Under Armour">Under Armour</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> were the most popular brands for athletic apparel among teen consumers. Fashion retailers have begun to adjust their offerings accordingly. Bloomberg reports that Levi's stuck to its core product (denim) instead of adapting to consumer trends. As a result, Levi's sales decreased from over US$7 billion to US$4.8 billion in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2021, it was found that sales for <a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">athleisure</a> had risen by 84% since March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 lockdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_on_the_basic_type">Variations on the basic type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Variations on the basic type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Cigarette: Designed to fit quite closely, but not tightly, to the thigh area, with a less close fit to the calf<sup id="cite_ref-Adhav_2020_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhav_2020-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cropped: Where the leg is cut to a lesser length, to somewhere above the ankle<sup id="cite_ref-Adhav_2020_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhav_2020-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Relaxed<sup id="cite_ref-Adhav_2020_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhav_2020-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Skinny: Worn to flatter the figure in the fashion of tight or close fitting<sup id="cite_ref-Adhav_2020_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhav_2020-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wide-leg; or with cropped variant: The waist line rides up past the wearer's actual waist, material below the knee is altogether away from the leg and descends as a straight line, standard type descends down to the ankle; cropped variant: the leg ceases at the lower leg mid-way down (or stops further down toward the ankle)<sup id="cite_ref-Adhav_2020_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhav_2020-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mom/Mum: Jeans which have a high waist (above the belly button), and are loose around the thighs, with a somewhat tapered fit.<sup id="cite_ref-published_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-published-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Straight-leg: Jeans which are the same width at the leg opening as they are at the bottom of the leg, making for a slightly baggy fit.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Boyfriend: Often with a mid-low waist, boyfriend jeans have a baggy, "borrowed from the boys" fit.<sup id="cite_ref-published_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-published-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Flared, or <a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">bell-bottomed</a>: Often fitted around the thigh area, then become wider from the knee down.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-waisted_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="High-waisted jeans">High-waisted jeans</a> were first popularized in the 1970s, but they have seen a resurgence in popularity in recent years. High-waisted jeans are characterized by a high rise that sits above the belly button. They can be fitted, relaxed, or loose-fitting, and they come in a variety of washes and colors.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-rise_jeans">Low-rise jeans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Low-rise jeans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Media reported in 2017 that the trend of <a href="/wiki/Low-rise_pants" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-rise pants">low-rise jeans</a>, famous in the 1990s and 2000s, was coming back into fashion due to a sparked by an interest in Y2K style. </p><p>In the early 2000s, low-rise jeans were commonly seen on celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwen_Stefani" title="Gwen Stefani">Gwen Stefani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, attributing to the Y2K style. In 2021, online searches for 'y2k fashion' had risen by 193%,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing that the fashion style was making a comeback, and low-rise jeans were becoming a common clothing item for teenagers and young adults.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Low-rise jeans usually come 2–3 inches (5–8 cm) or more below the navel.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manufactured low-rise jeans have a shorter rise (distance between the waistband and crotch seam). The low-rise look can also be accomplished by letting jeans with longer rises fall lower than they are meant to. This is a less extreme version of <a href="/wiki/Sagging_(fashion)" title="Sagging (fashion)">sagging</a>, which was popularized by male hip-hop artists in the 1990s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industrial_production">Industrial production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Industrial production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="How denim fabric is stored in the factory"><img alt="How denim fabric is stored in the factory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG/135px-Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG/202px-Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG/270px-Denim_Fabric_Storing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">How denim fabric is stored in the factory</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 157.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 155.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_fabric_Cutting_Machine.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Automated cutting machines are used in RMG factory to cut the pieces."><img alt="Automated cutting machines are used in RMG factory to cut the pieces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Denim_fabric_Cutting_Machine.jpg/250px-Denim_fabric_Cutting_Machine.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Denim_fabric_Cutting_Machine.jpg/500px-Denim_fabric_Cutting_Machine.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Automated cutting machines are used in RMG factory to cut the pieces.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PP_Spray.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="P P Spray and P P Sponging being applied to jeans to give them a new look"><img alt="P P Spray and P P Sponging being applied to jeans to give them a new look" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PP_Spray.jpg/330px-PP_Spray.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PP_Spray.jpg/500px-PP_Spray.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/PP_Spray.jpg/960px-PP_Spray.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3295" data-file-height="2148" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P P Spray and P P Sponging being applied to jeans to give them a new look</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adding 3D crunching, whiskers, and wrinkles to jeans to make them look more used"><img alt="Adding 3D crunching, whiskers, and wrinkles to jeans to make them look more used" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg/330px-3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg/500px-3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg/960px-3D_Crinkle_on_Dummy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adding 3D crunching, whiskers, and wrinkles to jeans to make them look more used</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Applying permanent wrinkles to jeans"><img alt="Applying permanent wrinkles to jeans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG/250px-Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG/330px-Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG/500px-Crinkle_on_Denim_Jeans_Pant.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3802" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Applying permanent wrinkles to jeans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 178px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 176px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hand scraping of jeans"><img alt="Hand scraping of jeans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG/330px-Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG" decoding="async" width="176" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG/500px-Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG/960px-Hand_Sanding_on_Denim_Jeans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4033" data-file-height="2756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hand scraping of jeans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Curing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Resin treatment process on jeans"><img alt="Resin treatment process on jeans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Curing.JPG/250px-Curing.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Curing.JPG/500px-Curing.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Resin treatment process on jeans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tagging.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tacking on jeans, which adds strength to high-stress areas"><img alt="Tacking on jeans, which adds strength to high-stress areas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tagging.JPG/250px-Tagging.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Tagging.JPG/500px-Tagging.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="3048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tacking on jeans, which adds strength to high-stress areas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Washing.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Socks dyeing machine in a washing plant for washing jeans"><img alt="Socks dyeing machine in a washing plant for washing jeans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Denim_Washing.JPG/250px-Denim_Washing.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Denim_Washing.JPG/500px-Denim_Washing.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Socks dyeing machine in a washing plant for washing jeans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The process of washing and drying jeans"><img alt="The process of washing and drying jeans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg/240px-Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg/360px-Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg/480px-Denim_Jeans_Pant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The process of washing and drying jeans</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denima_Jeans_Finishin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The final steps of preparing jeans for market"><img alt="The final steps of preparing jeans for market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Denima_Jeans_Finishin.jpg/250px-Denima_Jeans_Finishin.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Denima_Jeans_Finishin.jpg/500px-Denima_Jeans_Finishin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The final steps of preparing jeans for market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 74px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 72px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Live_model_Fitting_of_Ladies_Denim_Pant.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Checking the fit on a live model"><img alt="Checking the fit on a live model" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Live_model_Fitting_of_Ladies_Denim_Pant.JPG/120px-Live_model_Fitting_of_Ladies_Denim_Pant.JPG" decoding="async" width="72" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Live_model_Fitting_of_Ladies_Denim_Pant.JPG/250px-Live_model_Fitting_of_Ladies_Denim_Pant.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1549" data-file-height="2584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Checking the fit on a live model</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Jeans_Pant_QA_checking.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Quality checking and quality assurance"><img alt="Quality checking and quality assurance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Denim_Jeans_Pant_QA_checking.JPG/250px-Denim_Jeans_Pant_QA_checking.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Denim_Jeans_Pant_QA_checking.JPG/500px-Denim_Jeans_Pant_QA_checking.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Quality checking and quality assurance</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 165.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 163.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denim_Jeans_Pant_Display.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jeans are displayed for the buyer in the RMG factory showroom."><img alt="Jeans are displayed for the buyer in the RMG factory showroom." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Denim_Jeans_Pant_Display.JPG/250px-Denim_Jeans_Pant_Display.JPG" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Denim_Jeans_Pant_Display.JPG/500px-Denim_Jeans_Pant_Display.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jeans are displayed for the buyer in the RMG factory showroom.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/40px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/60px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BathingSuit1920s.jpg/120px-BathingSuit1920s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="490" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Fashion" title="Portal:Fashion">Fashion portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">Athleisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggy_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggy jeans">Baggy jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts#Daisy_Dukes" title="Shorts">Daisy Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim skirt</a> ("jean" skirt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_clothing#Designer_jeans" title="Designer clothing">Designer jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drainpipe_jeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Drainpipe jeans">Drainpipe jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_jacket" title="Jean jacket">Jean jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeggings" title="Jeggings">Jeggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorts" title="Jorts">Jorts</a> ("jean shorts")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mom_jeans" title="Mom jeans">Mom jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trousers_as_women%27s_clothing" title="Trousers as women's clothing">Trousers as women's clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_wear" title="Western wear">Western fashion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bottom weight fabric is a heavier fabric suitable for pants or skirts (a.k.a. bottoms). Not necessarily a thick or heavy fabric but heavier than something that would be used to make a blouse or shirt.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLoverin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Loverin, Jan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429105158/http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf">"A Nevada Stylist: Your Denim Jeans Are a Nevada Invention"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nevada State Museum Newsletter</i>. <b>36</b> (3): 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museums.nevadaculture.org/dmdocuments/mus-let37.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 29, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nevada+State+Museum+Newsletter&rft.atitle=A+Nevada+Stylist%3A+Your+Denim+Jeans+Are+a+Nevada+Invention&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Loverin&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseums.nevadaculture.org%2Fdmdocuments%2Fmus-let37.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., The Richmond Enquirer (Richmond, VA) March 25, 1823, wherein a paid notice described the ready-made apparel stolen by a thief : FIFTY DOLLARS REWARD, FOR JEREMIAH, or as he is commonly called Jerry Hatcher, lately a convict of the Penitentiary, who on the night of February 17 last did break through my store and carry off a variety of goods, together with about $20 in change and some ready made clothing, and has made his escape. He is about 4 1/2 or 5 feet high, stout and very well made, with light hair, and I expect has on blue Jeans coatee and brown pantaloons, as he took such from me and has been seen with them on. I expect he is either in Richmond, Petersburg or Lynchburg. Any person who will apprehend said Hatcher and deliver him to me, will meet with my thanks, and the above reward. BRIGHTBERRY BROWN [,] Red Mills, Buckingham [County, Virginia], March 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/pa5dx8/history-of-denim-jeans">"The fascinating, tumultuous history of a fashion classic"</a>. <i>Vice</i>. December 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230708192529/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/pa5dx8/history-of-denim-jeans">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=The+fascinating%2C+tumultuous+history+of+a+fashion+classic&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famuse.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fpa5dx8%2Fhistory-of-denim-jeans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoward2011" class="citation book cs1">Howard, Michael C. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&pg=PA235"><i>Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78648625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78648625-0"><bdi>978-0-78648625-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qy4YtuIHsQcC&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnationalism+and+Society%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-78648625-0&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Michael+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQy4YtuIHsQcC%26pg%3DPA235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115433/http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm">"Jeans"</a>. <i>facweb.cs.depaul.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/jeans.htm">the original</a> on June 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=facweb.cs.depaul.edu&rft.atitle=Jeans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffacweb.cs.depaul.edu%2Fsgrais%2Fjeans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gruber_2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gruber_2010_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gruber_2010_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGruber2010" class="citation book cs1">Gruber, Gerlinde (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/artsolution/docs/cat._maitre_toile_de_jeans_a"><i>The Master of the Blue Jeans: A New Painter of Reality in Late 17th Century Europe</i></a>. Paris, France: Galerie Canesso. pp. 10, 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619181014/https://issuu.com/artsolution/docs/cat._maitre_toile_de_jeans_a">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Master+of+the+Blue+Jeans%3A+A+New+Painter+of+Reality+in+Late+17th+Century+Europe&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pages=10%2C+23&rft.pub=Galerie+Canesso&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Gerlinde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fartsolution%2Fdocs%2Fcat._maitre_toile_de_jeans_a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Archives1576" class="citation news cs1">National Archives (February 18, 1576). "Import and Export books for the Port of Barnstaple". E 190/930/5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Import+and+Export+books+for+the+Port+of+Barnstaple&rft.date=1576&rft.au=National+Archives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084155/http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&Param=1&SubParam=1&Content=1&ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D">"The synthesis of indigo"</a>. Ingenious.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingenious.org.uk/site.asp?s=RM&Param=1&SubParam=1&Content=1&ArticleID=%7BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%7D&ArticleID2=%7B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%7D&MenuLinkID=%7BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%7D">the original</a> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+synthesis+of+indigo&rft.pub=Ingenious.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingenious.org.uk%2Fsite.asp%3Fs%3DRM%26Param%3D1%26SubParam%3D1%26Content%3D1%26ArticleID%3D%257BCBDF1082-9F5C-498F-A769-B33A7DA83B30%257D%26ArticleID2%3D%257B3C4444FC-FC4D-4498-B0B4-8B8A47C5BA76%257D%26MenuLinkID%3D%257BA54FA022-17E2-483C-B937-DEC8B8964C33%257D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWelch2005" class="citation book cs1">Welch, Evelyn (2005). <i>Shopping in the Renaissance: Consumer Cultures in Italy 1400–1600</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shopping+in+the+Renaissance%3A+Consumer+Cultures+in+Italy+1400%E2%80%931600&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Evelyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam2017" class="citation web cs1">William, Carrie (September 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/">"Origin and History of Dungaree Fabric"</a>. Historyofjeans.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125084250/http://www.historyofjeans.com/jeans-history/history-of-dungaree-fabric/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Origin+and+History+of+Dungaree+Fabric&rft.pub=Historyofjeans.com&rft.date=2017-09-03&rft.aulast=William&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofjeans.com%2Fjeans-history%2Fhistory-of-dungaree-fabric%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sullivan_2006-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sullivan_2006_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2006" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, James (August 17, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jeansculturalhis00sull"><i>Jeans: A Cultural History of an American Icon</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Gotham_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotham Books">Gotham Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-214-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59240-214-4"><bdi>978-1-59240-214-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62697070">62697070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jeans%3A+A+Cultural+History+of+an+American+Icon&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Gotham+Books&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62697070&rft.isbn=978-1-59240-214-4&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjeansculturalhis00sull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Downey_2007-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Downey_2007_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Downey_2007_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDowney2007" class="citation web cs1">Downey, Lynn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf">"A Short History of Denim"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. official Levi Strauss & Co. historian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809162800/http://eled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com/file/view/History-Denim.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Denim&rft.pub=official+Levi+Strauss+%26+Co.+historian&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Downey&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feled3140spring2014.wikispaces.com%2Ffile%2Fview%2FHistory-Denim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagman-Gellar, Marlene (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IvRg_38ToLQC&pg=PT17"><i>Eureka!: The Surprising Stories Behind the Ideas That Shaped the World</i></a>, Eureka #3 (1871) (unpaginated). Penguin Group (USA), Inc. Retrieved October 2, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US139121">U.S. patent 139,121</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHobson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hobson, John (July 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foccmed%2Fkqt079">"To die for? The health and safety of fast fashion"</a>. <i>Occupational Medicine</i>. <b>63</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">317–</span>319. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foccmed%2Fkqt079">10.1093/occmed/kqt079</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0962-7480">0962-7480</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23837074">23837074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Medicine&rft.atitle=To+die+for%3F+The+health+and+safety+of+fast+fashion&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E317-%3C%2Fspan%3E319&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.issn=0962-7480&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23837074&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foccmed%2Fkqt079&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Foccmed%252Fkqt079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe">"A History Of Blue Jeans: From Miners' Wear to American Classic"</a>. <i>Mother Earth News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316055105/http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/history-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Earth+News&rft.atitle=A+History+Of+Blue+Jeans%3A+From+Miners%27+Wear+to+American+Classic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherearthnews.com%2Fnature-and-environment%2Fhistory-of-blue-jeans-zmaz90jazshe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550">"Style: August 2015"</a>. <i>New Orleans Living Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317144125/http://www.livingneworleans.com/?p=11550">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Orleans+Living+Magazine&rft.atitle=Style%3A+August+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingneworleans.com%2F%3Fp%3D11550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03">"Small pocket on your pants and jeans: Here's what it's for – Insider"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Insider.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Insider.com">Insider.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026064304/https://www.insider.com/small-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insider.com&rft.atitle=Small+pocket+on+your+pants+and+jeans%3A+Here%27s+what+it%27s+for+%E2%80%93+Insider&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insider.com%2Fsmall-pocket-pants-jeans-watch-2018-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/">"Pockets Full of History – Levi Strauss & Co"</a>. January 12, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619161152/https://www.levistrauss.com/2017/01/12/pockets-full-history/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pockets+Full+of+History+%E2%80%93+Levi+Strauss+%26+Co&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.levistrauss.com%2F2017%2F01%2F12%2Fpockets-full-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchellinger2016" class="citation book cs1">Schellinger, A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oV7TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA82"><i>Aircraft Nose Art: American, French and British Imagery and Its Influences from World War I through the Vietnam War</i></a>. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1932-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1932-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-1932-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Nose+Art%3A+American%2C+French+and+British+Imagery+and+Its+Influences+from+World+War+I+through+the+Vietnam+War&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=McFarland%2C+Incorporated%2C+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-1932-3&rft.aulast=Schellinger&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoV7TCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCochraneSeamons" class="citation news cs1">Cochrane, Lauren; Seamons, Helen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion">"James Dean: an enduring influence on modern fashion | Fashion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180248/http://www.theguardian.com/fashion/fashion-blog/2014/apr/18/james-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=James+Dean%3A+an+enduring+influence+on+modern+fashion+%26%23124%3B+Fashion&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.au=Seamons%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffashion%2Ffashion-blog%2F2014%2Fapr%2F18%2Fjames-dean-an-enduring-influence-on-modern-fashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schober" title="Anna Schober">Schober, Anna</a> (2001). Blue Jeans. Vom Leben in Stoffen und Bildern. Frankfurt/ New York: Campus.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2003-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2003_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Nancy MacDonell (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&pg=PT42"><i>The Classic Ten: poella grande y gruesa The True Story of the Little Black Dress and Nine Other Fashion Favorites</i></a>. Penguin. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200356-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200356-5"><bdi>978-0-14-200356-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026073749/https://books.google.com/books?id=hCap5dsIJiAC&pg=PT42">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classic+Ten%3A+poella+grande+y+gruesa+The+True+Story+of+the+Little+Black+Dress+and+Nine+Other+Fashion+Favorites&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-200356-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Nancy+MacDonell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCap5dsIJiAC%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc">"女生七嘴八舌嚷「解放」老教授硬是不准入課堂"</a>. <i>The Kung Sheung Daily News</i> (in Chinese). May 27, 1977. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044425/https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk/coverpage/-/coverpage/view?_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_hsf=%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_actual_q=%28%20verbatim_dc.collection%3A%28%22Old%5C%20HK%5C%20Newspapers%22%29%20%29%20AND+%28%20%28%20allTermsMandatory%3A%28true%29%20OR+all_dc.title%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.creator%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.contributor%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.subject%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+fulltext%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20OR+all_dc.description%3A%28%E7%89%9B%E4%BB%94%E8%A4%B2%29%20%29%20%29&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_field=score&p_r_p_-1078056564_c=QF757YsWv5%2BaFKLr9PBvgILoEa3mihLU&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_o=11&_coverpage_WAR_mmisportalportlet_sort_order=desc">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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April 9, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130630025326/http://www.news-postseven.com/archives/20110409_17067.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NEWS%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E8%AC%9B%E5%B8%AB+%E9%81%8E%E5%8E%BB%E3%81%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E5%A7%BF%E3%81%AE%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E5%A4%A7%E7%94%9F%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%97%E8%AC%9B%E3%82%92%E6%8B%92%E5%90%A6&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-postseven.com%2Farchives%2F20110409_17067.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/de-nimes-000413-v20n2">"De Nimes"</a>. <i>vice.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vice.com&rft.atitle=De+Nimes&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fde-nimes-000413-v20n2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508055136/http://www.levisbluejeans.com/Numbers/welcome.htm">"Levi's By the Numbers (Men's)"</a>. Worldflow Knowledge. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jean+genie%3A+The+denim+evolution&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft.aulast=Foreman&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20150401-jean-genie-the-denim-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeres2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Peres" title="Dan Peres">Peres, Daniel</a>, ed. (2007). "Jeans". <i>Details Men's Style Manual</i>. 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April 9, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151108074914/http://www.businessinsider.com/how-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4?">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+Teens+Are+Spending+Money&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhow-teens-are-spending-money-2014-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJeans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLutz2015" class="citation web cs1">Lutz, Ashley (October 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aol.com/article/2015/10/11/a-longtime-american-wardrobe-staple-is-in-danger-of-extinction/21247712/">"A longtime American wardrobe staple is in danger of extinction"</a>. 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href="/wiki/Template:Clothing" title="Template:Clothing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing" title="Template talk:Clothing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing687" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">Clothing</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_technology" title="Clothing technology">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_terminology" title="Clothing terminology">Terminology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Headgear" title="Headgear">Headwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beret" title="Beret">Beret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_cap" title="Baseball cap">baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_cap" title="Flat cap">flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knit_cap" title="Knit cap">knit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat" title="Hat">Hat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boater" title="Boater">boater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowler_hat" title="Bowler hat">bowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedora" title="Fedora">fedora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homburg_hat" title="Homburg hat">homburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_(headgear)" title="Hood (headgear)">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerchief" title="Kerchief">Kerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mask" title="Mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">Veil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neckwear" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckwear">Neckwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bands_(neckwear)" title="Bands (neckwear)">Bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choker" title="Choker">Choker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pussy_bow" title="Pussy bow">Lavallière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckerchief" title="Neckerchief">Neckerchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_gaiter" title="Neck gaiter">Neck gaiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necktie" title="Necktie">Necktie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascot_tie" title="Ascot tie">ascot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_tie" title="Bow tie">bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper_tie" title="Kipper tie">kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_tie" title="School tie">school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_tie" title="Stock tie">stock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarf" title="Scarf">Scarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippet" title="Tippet">Tippet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">Underwear</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Top</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bra" title="Bra">Bra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camisole" title="Camisole">Camisole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undershirt" title="Undershirt">Undershirt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaper" title="Diaper">Diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_pants" title="Training pants">Training pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leggings" title="Leggings">Leggings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panties" title="Panties">Panties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pants" title="Plastic pants">Plastic pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_(clothing)" title="Slip (clothing)">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thong" title="Thong">Thong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underpants" title="Underpants">Underpants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_briefs" title="Boxer briefs">boxer briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_shorts" title="Boxer shorts">boxer shorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briefs" title="Briefs">briefs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodysuit" title="Bodysuit">Bodysuit, adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_bodysuit" title="Infant bodysuit">Bodysuit, infant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_underwear" title="Long underwear">Long underwear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/See-through_clothing" title="See-through clothing">See-through</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_(garment)" title="Teddy (garment)">Teddy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top_(clothing)" title="Top (clothing)">Tops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blouse" title="Blouse">Blouse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache-c%C5%93ur" title="Cache-cœur">cache-cœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop_top" title="Crop top">crop top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halterneck" title="Halterneck">halterneck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_top" title="Tube top">tube top</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_jersey" title="Cycling jersey">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">Kurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirt" title="Shirt">Shirt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shirt" title="Dress shirt">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_shirt" title="Henley shirt">Henley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_shirt" title="Polo shirt">polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">sleeveless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_neck" title="Crew neck">crew neck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">Sweater</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_(sweater)" title="Cardigan (sweater)">cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_(clothing)" title="Guernsey (clothing)">guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodie" title="Hoodie">hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jersey (clothing)">jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_neck" title="Polo neck">polo neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrug_(clothing)" title="Shrug (clothing)">shrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_vest" title="Sweater vest">sweater vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinset" title="Twinset">twinset</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistcoat" title="Waistcoat">Waistcoat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottoms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trousers" title="Trousers">Trousers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell-bottoms" title="Bell-bottoms">Bell-bottoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondage_pants" title="Bondage pants">Bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capri_pants" title="Capri pants">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_pants" title="Cargo pants">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaps" title="Chaps">Chaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_trousers" title="Formal trousers">Formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-to-hell_pants" title="Go-to-hell pants">Go-to-hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-rise_(fashion)" title="High-rise (fashion)">High water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-rise_(fashion)" title="Low-rise (fashion)">Lowrise</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpurs" title="Jodhpurs">Jodhpurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overalls" title="Overalls">Overalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_pants" title="Palazzo pants">Palazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_pants" title="Parachute pants">Parachute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedal_pushers" title="Pedal pushers">Pedal pushers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phat_pants" title="Phat pants">Phat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorts" title="Shorts">Shorts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda_shorts" title="Bermuda shorts">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_shorts" title="Cycling shorts">cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_shorts" title="Dolphin shorts">dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gym_shorts" title="Gym shorts">gym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotpants" title="Hotpants">hotpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_shorts" title="Running shorts">running</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slim-fit_pants" title="Slim-fit pants">Slim-fit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweatpants" title="Sweatpants">Sweatpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windpants" class="mw-redirect" title="Windpants">Windpants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">Skirts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-line_(clothing)" title="A-line (clothing)">A-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_skirt" title="Ballerina skirt">Ballerina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim_skirt" title="Denim skirt">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_skirts" title="Men's skirts">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniskirt" title="Miniskirt">Miniskirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_skirt" title="Pencil skirt">Pencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_skirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Prairie skirt">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rah-rah_skirt" title="Rah-rah skirt">Rah-rah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarong" title="Sarong">Sarong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skort" title="Skort">Skort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutu_(clothing)" title="Tutu (clothing)">Tutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_(clothing)" title="Wrap (clothing)">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full-Body<br />Wear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suits</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniform" title="Uniform">uniforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_dress" title="Ceremonial dress">Ceremonial dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dress" title="Academic dress">academic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_dress" title="Court dress">court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_uniform" title="Diplomatic uniform">diplomatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_costume" title="Folk costume">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpuri" title="Jodhpuri">Jodhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpsuit" title="Jumpsuit">Jumpsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_dress_uniform" title="Full dress uniform">full</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_dress_uniform" title="Service dress uniform">service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_suit" title="Sailor suit">sailor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_uniform" title="Combat uniform">combat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miner%27s_habit" title="Miner's habit">Miner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsuit" title="Pantsuit">Pantsuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_uniform" title="Political uniform">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_clothing" title="Religious clothing">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassock" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_clothing" title="Clerical clothing">clerical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestment" title="Vestment">vestment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_uniform" title="School uniform">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_uniform" title="Prison uniform">Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workwear" title="Workwear">Workwear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilersuit" title="Boilersuit">boilersuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleanroom_suit" title="Cleanroom suit">cleanroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">hazmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrubs_(clothing)" title="Scrubs (clothing)">scrubs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dresses</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gown" title="Gown">gowns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formal, semi-<br />formal, informal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backless_dress" title="Backless dress">Backless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffant_gown" title="Bouffant gown">Bouffant gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatdress" title="Coatdress">Coatdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_black_dress" title="Little black dress">little black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_dress" title="Debutante dress">debutante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_dress" title="Prairie dress">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_line" title="Princess line">Princess line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapless_dress" title="Strapless dress">Strapless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrap_dress" title="Wrap dress">Wrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dress" title="House dress">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumper_(dress)" title="Jumper (dress)">Jumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romper_suit" title="Romper suit">Romper suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath_dress" title="Sheath dress">Sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirtdress" title="Shirtdress">Shirtdress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_dress" title="Slip dress">Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundress" title="Sundress">Sundress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coat" title="Coat">Coats</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_outerwear" title="List of outerwear">outerwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Overcoats23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overcoat" title="Overcoat">Overcoats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_coat" title="Car coat">Car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_coat" title="Chesterfield coat">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covert_coat" title="Covert coat">Covert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffel_coat" title="Duffel coat">Duffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duster_(clothing)" title="Duster (clothing)">Duster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatcoat" title="Greatcoat">Greatcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Warm" title="British Warm">British Warm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guards_Coat" title="Guards Coat">Guards Coat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greca_(clothing)" title="Greca (clothing)">Greca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-frock_coat" title="Over-frock coat">Over-frock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riding_coat" title="Riding coat">Riding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadbelly" title="Shadbelly">shadbelly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_coat" title="Trench coat">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_coat" title="Ulster coat">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">Cloak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_cloak" title="Opera cloak">opera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paletot" title="Paletot">Paletot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pea_coat" title="Pea coat">Pea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo_coat" title="Polo coat">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raincoat" title="Raincoat">Raincoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mackintosh" title="Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suit coats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frock_coat" title="Frock coat">Frock coat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bekishe" title="Bekishe">bekishe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekel" title="Rekel">rekel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mess_jacket" title="Mess jacket">Mess jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suit_jacket" title="Suit jacket">Suit jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blazer" title="Blazer">Blazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_jacket" title="Smoking jacket">smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_coat" title="Sport coat">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teba_jacket" title="Teba jacket">Teba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailcoat" title="Tailcoat">Tailcoat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie#Dress_coat" title="White tie">dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress#Morning_coat" title="Morning dress">morning</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apron" title="Apron">Apron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinafore" title="Pinafore">pinafore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blouson" title="Blouson">Blouson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagoule" title="Cagoule">Cagoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape" title="Cape">Cape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferraiolo" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(clothing)" title="Mantle (clothing)">Mantle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(monastic_vesture)" title="Mantle (monastic vesture)">monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantle_(royal_garment)" title="Mantle (royal garment)">royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozzetta" title="Mozzetta">mozzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrina" title="Pellegrina">pellegrina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coatee" title="Coatee">Coatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-off" title="Cut-off">Cut-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilet" title="Gilet">Gilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacket" title="Jacket">Jacket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_jacket" title="Down jacket">down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_jacket" title="Flight jacket">flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goggle_jacket" title="Goggle jacket">goggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrington_jacket" title="Harrington jacket">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_jacket" title="Leather jacket">leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_jacket" title="Mackinaw jacket">mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_jacket" title="Norfolk jacket">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_jacket" title="Safari jacket">safari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerkin_(garment)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerkin (garment)">Jerkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_coat" title="White coat">Lab coat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parka" title="Parka">Parka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poncho" title="Poncho">Poncho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robe" title="Robe">Robe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathrobe" title="Bathrobe">bathrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressing_gown" title="Dressing gown">dressing gown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawl" title="Shawl">Shawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_suit" title="Ski suit">Ski suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeved_blanket" title="Sleeved blanket">Sleeved blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windbreaker" title="Windbreaker">Windbreaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nightwear" title="Nightwear">Nightwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babydoll" title="Babydoll">Babydoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babygrow" title="Babygrow">Babygrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_sleeper" title="Blanket sleeper">Blanket sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negligee" title="Negligee">Negligee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightgown" title="Nightgown">Nightgown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightshirt" title="Nightshirt">Nightshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajamas" title="Pajamas">Pajamas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Swimsuit" title="Swimsuit">Swimwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikini" title="Bikini">Bikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkini" title="Burkini">Burkini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardshorts" title="Boardshorts">Boardshorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_suit" title="Dry suit">Dry suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monokini" title="Monokini">Monokini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-piece_swimsuit" title="One-piece swimsuit">One-piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_guard" title="Rash guard">Rash guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_swimsuit" title="Sling swimsuit">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_leg_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Square leg suit">Square leg suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_briefs" title="Swim briefs">Swim briefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swim_diaper" title="Swim diaper">Swim diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunks_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trunks (clothing)">Trunks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetsuit" title="Wetsuit">Wetsuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hosiery" title="Hosiery">Legwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">Sock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hold-ups" title="Hold-ups">Hold-ups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantyhose" title="Pantyhose">Pantyhose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking" title="Stocking">Stocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tights" title="Tights">Tights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Footwear" title="Footwear">Footwear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boot" title="Boot">Boot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_boot" title="Dress boot">Dress boot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flops" title="Flip-flops">Flip-flops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandal" title="Sandal">Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">Shoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dress_shoe" title="Dress shoe">Dress shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_shoe" title="Court shoe">Court shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sneaker">Sneaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipper" title="Slipper">Slipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adornments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armband" title="Armband">Armband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(clothing)" title="Belt (clothing)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boutonni%C3%A8re" title="Boutonnière">Boutonnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_purse" title="Coin purse">Coin purse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummerbund" title="Cummerbund">Cummerbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaiters" title="Gaiters">Gaiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasses" title="Glasses">Glasses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunglasses" title="Sunglasses">Sunglasses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove" title="Glove">Gloves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headband" title="Headband">Headband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">Handbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inro" title="Inro">Inro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">Livery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_(handwarmer)" title="Muff (handwarmer)">Muff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_protector" title="Pocket protector">Pocket protector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">Pocket watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sash" title="Sash">Sash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spats_(footwear)" title="Spats (footwear)">Spats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspenders" title="Suspenders">Suspenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">Wallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-worn items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hand_fan" title="Hand fan">Hand fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrella" title="Umbrella">Umbrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dress_code" title="Dress code">Dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">morning dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">white tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">black lounge suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">black tie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_casual" title="Business casual">Business casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_casual" title="Smart casual">Smart casual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_fetish" title="Clothing fetish">Clothing fetish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume" title="Costume">Costume</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">creature suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_costume" title="Halloween costume">Halloween costume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing" title="Cross-dressing">Cross-dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fashion" title="Environmental impact of fashion">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">haute couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Made-to-measure" title="Made-to-measure">made-to-measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-to-wear" title="Ready-to-wear">ready-to-wear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_types_of_fur" title="List of types of fur">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fursuit" title="Fursuit">Fursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_trade_of_secondhand_clothing" title="Global trade of secondhand clothing">Global trade of secondhand clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry" title="Laundry">Laundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_laws_by_country" title="Clothing laws by country">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_dresses" title="List of individual dresses">List of individual dresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructed_clothing" title="Reconstructed clothing">Reconstructed clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_clothing" title="Right to clothing">Right to clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_clothing" title="Vintage clothing">Vintage clothing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83363#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1612" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83363#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1612" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83363#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/982237/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4162724-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85069857">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeans"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049461r">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jeans"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12049461r">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576907">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="džíny"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1060149&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007531523905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10637031">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeans&oldid=1283548887">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeans&oldid=1283548887</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jeans" title="Category:Jeans">Jeans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_fashion" title="Category:19th-century fashion">19th-century fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_fashion" title="Category:20th-century fashion">20th-century fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_fashion" title="Category:21st-century fashion">21st-century fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_fashion" title="Category:American fashion">American fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_inventions" title="Category:American inventions">American inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:California_Gold_Rush" title="Category:California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_fashion" title="Category:Canadian fashion">Canadian fashion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Men%27s_clothing" title="Category:Men's clothing">Men's clothing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_clothing" title="Category:Women's clothing">Women's clothing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_clothing_(Western_fashion)" title="Category:History of clothing (Western fashion)">History of clothing (Western fashion)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trousers_and_shorts" title="Category:Trousers and shorts">Trousers and shorts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_wear" title="Category:Western wear">Western wear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Working-class_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Working-class culture in the United States">Working-class culture in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Workwear" title="Category:Workwear">Workwear</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a 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