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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物合成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物合成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生物合成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物合成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生化功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生化功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生化功能</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生化功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">草酰乙酸</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。33种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83" title="حمض أكسالوأسيتيك – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض أكسالوأسيتيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="اقزالواستیک اسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اقزالواستیک اسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_oxalac%C3%A8tic" title="Àcid oxalacètic – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid oxalacètic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_oxaloctov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina oxaloctová – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselina oxaloctová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalessigs%C3%A4ure" title="Oxalessigsäure – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oxalessigsäure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxaloacetic_acid" title="Oxaloacetic acid – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oxaloacetic acid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksaloacetata_acido" title="Oksaloacetata acido – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oksaloacetata acido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_oxaloac%C3%A9tico" title="Ácido oxaloacético – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido oxaloacético" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksaalatsetaat" title="Oksaalatsetaat – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oksaalatsetaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azido_oxaloazetiko" title="Azido oxaloazetiko – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azido oxaloazetiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="اگزالواستیک اسید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اگزالواستیک اسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksaloetikkahappo" title="Oksaloetikkahappo – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oksaloetikkahappo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_oxaloac%C3%A9tique" title="Acide oxaloacétique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide oxaloacétique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_oxalac%C3%A9tico" title="Ácido oxalacético – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ácido oxalacético" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%98%D7%98" title="אוקסלואצטט – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקסלואצטט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox%C3%A1lecetsav" title="Oxálecetsav – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oxálecetsav" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_oksaloasetat" title="Asam oksaloasetat – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asam oksaloasetat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_ossalacetico" title="Acido ossalacetico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido ossalacetico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AD%E9%85%A2%E9%85%B8" title="オキサロ酢酸 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オキサロ酢酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A5%EC%82%B4%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%84%EC%84%B8%ED%8A%B8%EC%82%B0" title="옥살로아세트산 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옥살로아세트산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%81be%C5%86eti%C4%B7sk%C4%81be" title="Skābeņetiķskābe – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skābeņetiķskābe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Оксалоцетна киселина – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оксалоцетна киселина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_oksaloasetik" title="Asid oksaloasetik – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asid oksaloasetik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxaalazijnzuur" title="Oxaalazijnzuur – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oxaalazijnzuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_szczawiooctowy" title="Kwas szczawiooctowy – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwas szczawiooctowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_oxaloac%C3%A9tico" title="Ácido oxaloacético – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ácido oxaloacético" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_oxalilacetic" title="Acid oxalilacetic – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid oxalilacetic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Оксалоацетат – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оксалоацетат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksalosir%C4%87etna_kiselina" title="Oksalosirćetna kiselina – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oksalosirćetna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_oxaloctov%C3%A1" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oxaloacetic_acid" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q408658" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">草酰乙酸 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxaloacetic_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oxaloacetic_acid.svg/200px-Oxaloacetic_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oxaloacetic_acid.svg/300px-Oxaloacetic_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Oxaloacetic_acid.svg/400px-Oxaloacetic_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="240" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball-and-stick model"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png/200px-Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png/300px-Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png/400px-Oxaloacetic-acid-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="572" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="max-width:305px; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/IUPAC%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="IUPAC命名法">IUPAC名</a><br />Oxobutanedioic acid<br />丁酮二酸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>英文名 </td> <td><span lang="en">Oxaloacetic acid</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>别名 </td> <td>2-氧代丁二酸<br />草醋酸<br />乙二酰乙酸<br />2-羰基丁二酸<br />丁酮二酸<br />2-氧丁二酸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>缩写 </td> <td><span lang="en">OAA</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">识别 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=328-42-7">328-42-7</a></span> <sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/970">970</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/945">945</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SMILES" class="mw-redirect" title="SMILES">SMILES</a> </td> <td><div style="word-break:break-all;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span lang="en">OC(C(CC(O)=O)=O)=O</span></li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E7%BC%96%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟编号">EINECS</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esis/index.php?GENRE=ECNO&ENTREE=206-329-8">206-329-8</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:30744">30744</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E8%8D%AF%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="国际基础药理学与临床药理学联合会">IUPHAR配体</a> </td> <td><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=5236">5236</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">性质 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BC%8F" title="化学式">化学式</a> </td> <td><span lang="en">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="摩尔质量">摩尔质量</a> </td> <td>132.07 g·mol⁻¹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>外观 </td> <td>不稳定液体 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a> </td> <td>161 °C (分解) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>） </td> <td>易溶于水 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">热力学 </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E7%84%93" title="标准摩尔生成焓">Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sub>m</sub><sup>⦵</sup><sub>298K</sub></a> </td> <td>−943.21 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E7%87%83%E7%83%A7%E7%84%93" title="标准摩尔燃烧焓">Δ<sub>c</sub><i>H</i><sub>m</sub><sup>⦵</sup></a> </td> <td>−1205.58 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E6%80%A7%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7#欧盟的危险性符号" title="危险性符号">欧盟危险性符号</a><br /><div style="text-align:center;"><div style="width:72px; margin:0 auto;"><div style="width:72px;float:left;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazard_C.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="腐蚀性"><img alt="腐蚀性" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/70px-Hazard_C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/105px-Hazard_C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hazard_C.svg/140px-Hazard_C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>腐蚀性 <b>C</b></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="警示性質標準詞列表">警示术语</a> </td> <td>R：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E6%80%A7%E8%B3%AA%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#R34" title="警示性質標準詞列表"><abbr class="abbr" title="R34: 引起灼伤">R34</abbr></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="安全建議標準詞列表">安全术语</a> </td> <td>S：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#S20" title="安全建議標準詞列表"><abbr class="abbr" title="S20: 使用中严禁饮食">S20</abbr></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#S26" title="安全建議標準詞列表"><abbr class="abbr" title="S26: 接触眼睛后立即用大量清水冲洗并求医">S26</abbr></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#S36/37/39" title="安全建議標準詞列表"><abbr class="abbr" title="S36/37/39: 穿戴适合的防护服、手套及护眼护脸装备">S36/37/39</abbr></a>, <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%A9%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8#S45" title="安全建議標準詞列表"><abbr class="abbr" title="S45: 发生事故或感到不适时立即求医，可能的话出示标签">S45</abbr></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>草醯乙酸</b>（Oxaloacetic acid, OAA, 或稱<b>草乙酸</b>，oxalacetic acid）是一種結晶<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機化合物">有機化合物</a>，化學式：HO<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H。其共軛鹼為生物體內許多代謝常見的中間物。參與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="糖質新生">糖質新生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="尿素循環">尿素循環</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醛酸循環">乙醛酸循環</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="氨基酸合成">氨基酸合成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="脂肪酸合成">脂肪酸合成</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸循环">檸檬酸循環</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lehn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>等作用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性質"><span id=".E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>草醯乙酸去質子形成酸根： </p> <dl><dd>HO<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">←</mo> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> <sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H + H<sup>+</sup> pK<sub>a</sub> = 2.22</dd> <dd><sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>H <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">←</mo> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> <sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> + H<sup>+</sup>, pK<sub>a</sub> = 3.89</dd></dl> <p>在pH值高的時候，烯醇化的質子離子化： </p> <dl><dd><sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mo stretchy="false">←</mo> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/72e476d371024f77d716e2892f2563e212e09e29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overrightarrow {\leftarrow }}}"></span> <sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CC(O<sup>−</sup>)CHCO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> + H<sup>+</sup>, pK<sub>a</sub> = 13.03</dd></dl> <p>因草醯乙酸在烯醇的形式較為穩定，故其<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93" title="互变异构体">互變異構體</a>具有不同熔點(順式異構物熔點為152℃，而反式異構物熔點為184℃) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物合成"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9.E5.90.88.E6.88.90"></span>生物合成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生物合成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>草醯乙酸在自然界中可以藉由許多種途徑合成，其中最主要的途徑是通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" title="苹果酸脱氢酶">蘋果酸脫氫酶</a>氧化由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>及碳酸縮合而成的L-<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>(此過程需耗費<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a>)： </p> <dl><dd>CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> + HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + ATP → <sup>−</sup>O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>C(O)CO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> + ADP + Pi</dd></dl> <p>另外，草醯乙酸也可以藉由降解<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>取得。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生化功能"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.8C.96.E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>生化功能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：生化功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>草醯乙酸是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸循环">檸檬酸循環</a>的中間物：草醯乙酸藉由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸合酶">檸檬酸合酶</a>的催化與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>合成<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" title="檸檬酸">檸檬酸</a>。此外草醯乙酸也參與了<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="糖質新生">糖質新生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="尿素循環">尿素循環</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醛酸循環">乙醛酸循環</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="氨基酸合成">胺基酸合成</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="脂肪酸合成">脂肪酸合成</a>，同時它也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" title="琥珀酸脱氢酶">琥珀酸脫氫酶</a>的抑制物。 </p><p><b>糖質新生</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="糖質新生">糖質新生</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lehn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>是一條由一連串11個酵素參與的代謝路徑，能將非碳水化合物的基質轉化為<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%96%E8%B3%AA%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="糖質新生">糖質新生</a>的反應由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>的基質開始。在此，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>受到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8%E7%BE%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6" title="丙酮酸羧化酶">丙酮酸羧化酶</a>催化形成草醯乙酸。接著，草醯乙酸被<a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a>還原成<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>後再將<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>移往<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>。當<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>被移至細胞質後，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>會被NAD+氧化回草醯乙酸。接下來草醯乙酸被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%83%AF%E9%86%87%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8%E7%BE%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%BF%80%E9%85%B6" title="磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶">磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化激酶</a>去羧酸並以<b>GTP</b>為磷酸根的來源磷酸化形成2-磷酸烯醇丙酮酸。最後合成<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a>。 </p><p><b>尿素循環</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="尿素循環">尿素循環</a>是利用兩個銨分子及一個碳酸氫鹽分子合成<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0" title="尿素">尿素</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lehn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的代謝途徑，通常在肝臟的肝細胞中進行。與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E7%B4%A0%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="尿素循環">尿素循環</a>相關的反應可以經由兩種途徑製造<a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a>，其中一種會用到草醯乙酸：在細胞質中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%81%E7%83%AF%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="反丁烯二酸">反丁烯二酸</a>會被<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E8%83%A1%E7%B4%A2%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="延胡索酸水合酶">延胡索酸水合酶</a>催化形成<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>。接著，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>經過<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A2%E9%85%B6" title="苹果酸脱氢酶">蘋果酸脫氫酶</a>轉化為草醯乙酸並製造一分子的<a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a>。最後，草醯乙酸會經由循環轉化出<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>作為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B6" title="转氨酶">轉氨酶</a>，維持氮原子在細胞中的流動性。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxaloac-malic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Oxaloac-malic.png/150px-Oxaloac-malic.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Oxaloac-malic.png/225px-Oxaloac-malic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Oxaloac-malic.png/300px-Oxaloac-malic.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="993" /></a><figcaption>草醯乙酸、蘋果酸與天門冬胺酸之間的關係</figcaption></figure> <p><b>乙醛酸循環</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醛酸循環">乙醛酸循環</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸循环">檸檬酸循環</a>的一種變型<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：植物以及微生物利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E8%A3%82%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" title="异柠檬酸裂合酶">異檸檬酸裂合酶</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" title="苹果酸合酶">蘋果酸合酶</a>進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="同化作用">同化作用</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9B%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醛酸循環">乙醛酸循環</a>在中間步驟與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸循环">檸檬酸循環</a>略有差異，但是草醯乙酸在其中扮演了相同的角色。<sup id="cite_ref-Lehn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lehn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>這意味著草醯乙酸在此循環中同時是初級反應物也是最終產物，事實上草醯乙酸即為此循環的淨產物(由循環中的兩分子<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>合成)。 </p><p><b>合成脂肪酸</b> </p><p>首先，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>被預先轉化為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" title="檸檬酸">檸檬酸</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>移往<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E9%85%B6" title="脂肪酸合酶">脂肪酸合酶</a>所在的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%B3%AA" title="細胞質">細胞質</a>中。此反應通常會啟動<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸循环">檸檬酸循環</a>產生能量，但是當細胞沒有能量的需求時，會在細胞質中將<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" title="檸檬酸">檸檬酸</a>再次裂解為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>以及草醯乙酸，並以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>為原料合成脂肪酸。而<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="脂肪酸合成">脂肪酸合成</a>的另一部分需要NADPH<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，這樣的還原能力由草醯乙酸返回<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>穿越內膜時提供：首先草醯乙酸被<a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a>還原成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>。接著將<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蘋果酸">蘋果酸</a>脫羧形成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>後進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>，在此藉由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8%E7%BE%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%85%B6" title="丙酮酸羧化酶">丙酮酸羧化酶</a>將<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>轉化形成草醯乙酸。如此一來，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%AF%E8%BC%94%E9%85%B6A" class="mw-redirect" title="乙醯輔酶A">乙醯輔酶A</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%92%E7%B7%9A%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="粒線體">粒線體</a>移往細胞質的過程會形成一分子的<a href="/wiki/NADH" class="mw-redirect" title="NADH">NADH</a>。整體看來，此反應為自發性反應，簡化如下： </p> <dl><dd>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> + ATP + acetyl-CoA → ADP + Pi + malonyl-CoA</dd></dl> <p><b>合成胺基酸</b> </p><p>有六種必需胺基酸和三種非必需胺基酸的合成需要草醯乙酸以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="丙氨酸">丙氨酸</a>是由草醯乙酸以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE%E9%85%B8" title="丙酮酸">丙酮酸</a>所形成<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬氨酸">天冬氨酸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="丙氨酸">丙氨酸</a>又可以藉由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="谷氨酸">谷氨酸</a>轉胺基形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%86%AC%E9%86%AF%E8%83%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="天冬醯胺">天冬醯胺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%A1%AB%E8%83%BA%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="甲硫胺酸">甲硫胺酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="賴氨酸">賴氨酸</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%B0%A8%E9%85%B8" title="蘇氨酸">蘇氨酸</a>，如果沒有草醯乙酸的參與，將不會有上述幾種胺基酸被合成出來。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Oxaloacetate and pyruvate aminoacid synthesis"><img alt="Oxaloacetate and pyruvate aminoacid synthesis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png/400px-Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png/600px-Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png/800px-Oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate_aminoacid_synthesis.png 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Oxaloacetate and pyruvate aminoacid synthesis</figcaption></figure> <p><b>合成草酸</b> </p><p>藉由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%86%AF%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E9%85%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="草醯乙酸酶（页面不存在）">草醯乙酸酶</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%A7%A3" title="水解">水解</a>草醯乙酸可以獲得<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B8" title="草酸">草酸</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <dl><dd>oxaloacetate + H<sub>2</sub>O <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo class="MJX-variant" stretchy="false">⇌</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c37b981df851b9e54e489e017b1481e37d418f3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }"></span> oxalate + acetate</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lehn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lehn_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehn_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehn_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lehn_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nelson, David L.; Cox, Michael M. (2005), Principles of Biochemistry (4th ed.), New York: W. H. Freeman, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0716743396" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7167-4339-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pearsonhighered.com/mathews/ch14/c14gc.htm">http://www.pearsonhighered.com/mathews/ch14/c14gc.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">fatty acids synthesis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/fasynthesis.htm">http://www.rpi.edu/dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb2/part1/fasynthesis.htm</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&rft.btitle=fatty+acids+synthesis&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rpi.edu%2Fdept%2Fbcbp%2Fmolbiochem%2FMBWeb%2Fmb2%2Fpart1%2Ffasynthesis.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">缺少或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code>为空 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#cite_web_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">外部链接存在于<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|publisher=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021203457/http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/69436/Documents/lecture-15-aa_from_oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate.pptx">http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/69436/Documents/lecture-15-aa_from_oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate.pptx</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-01-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/69436/Documents/lecture-15-aa_from_oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate.pptx">原始内容</a>存档于2013-10-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B0%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8&rft.btitle=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ksu.edu.sa%2F69436%2FDocuments%2Flecture-15-aa_from_oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate.pptx&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ksu.edu.sa%2F69436%2FDocuments%2Flecture-15-aa_from_oxaloacetate_and_pyruvate.pptx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">外部链接存在于<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gadd, Geoffrey M. "Fungal production of citric and oxalic acid: importance in metal speciation, physiology and biogeochemical processes" Advances in Microbial Physiology (1999), 41, 47-92.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%A5%E7%8F%80%E9%85%B0%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="琥珀酰辅酶A">琥珀酰辅酶A</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png/24px-Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png/36px-Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png/48px-Oxaloacetate_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="119" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S-malate_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/S-malate_wpmp.png/27px-S-malate_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/S-malate_wpmp.png/41px-S-malate_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/S-malate_wpmp.png/54px-S-malate_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="551" data-file-height="752" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png/24px-Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png/36px-Fumaric_acid_wpmp.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png/24px-Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png/36px-Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png/48px-Succinyl-CoA_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="73" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NNYY_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="lightgreen"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="乙酰辅酶A">乙酰辅酶A</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top">NADH <b>+</b> H<sup>+</sup> </td> <td valign="top">NAD<sup>+</sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top">H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td valign="top">FADH<sub>2</sub> </td> <td valign="top">FAD </td> <td valign="top">辅酶A <b>+</b> ATP(GTP) </td> <td valign="top">P<sub>i</sub> <b>+</b> ADP(GDP) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg/31px-Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg/47px-Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg/62px-Acetyl_co-A_wpmp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </td> <td><b>+</b> </td> <td>H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNY_vert_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_reverse_NYYN_vert_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td>NADH <b>+</b> H<sup>+</sup> <b>+</b> CO<sub>2</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%85%B6A" title="辅酶A">辅酶A</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>NAD<sup>+</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrate_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Citrate_wpmp.png/31px-Citrate_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Citrate_wpmp.png/47px-Citrate_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Citrate_wpmp.png/62px-Citrate_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="92" data-file-height="141" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td valign="bottom">H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png/27px-Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png/41px-Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png/54px-Cis-Aconitate_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom">H<sub>2</sub>O </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isocitric_acid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isocitric_acid.svg/35px-Isocitric_acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isocitric_acid.svg/53px-Isocitric_acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Isocitric_acid.svg/70px-Isocitric_acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom">NAD(P)<sup>+</sup> </td> <td valign="bottom">NAD(P)H <b>+</b> H<sup>+</sup> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png/31px-Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png/47px-Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png/62px-Oxalosuccinate_wpmp.png 2x" data-file-width="94" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="bottom"> </td> <td valign="bottom">CO<sub>2</sub> </td> <td rowspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg/24px-2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg/36px-2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg/48px-2-oxoglutarate_wpmp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="181" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YNNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_YYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/35px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/53px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg/70px-Biochem_reaction_arrow_forward_NYNN_horiz_med.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgreen"><a 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