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A total of 366 respondents were surveyed online about their self-perception regarding appearance and their social media usage. Each individual participant was asked about the type and frequency of social media usage as well as their opinion on statements regarding appearance anxiety. Participants were also asked to give short answers about their coping mechanism with appearance anxiety. Social media usage had a complex relationship with appearance anxiety, as most individuals acknowledged the appearance-related pressure generated by social media but also showed resilience towards appearance anxiety. Results suggest a wide impact of appearance anxiety on Chinese adolescents and highlight the person-specific resilience mechanisms adopted by those youths. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appearance%20anxiety" title="appearance anxiety">appearance anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-perception" title=" self-perception"> self-perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20mechanisms" title=" coping mechanisms"> coping mechanisms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184397/social-media-uses-influence-on-self-perception" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11949</span> Robust Control of a Parallel 3-RRR Robotic Manipulator via μ-Synthesis Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbasi%20Moshaii">A. Abbasi Moshaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soltan%20Rezaee"> M. Soltan Rezaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohammadi%20Moghaddam"> M. Mohammadi Moghaddam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Control of some mechanisms is hard because of their complex dynamic equations. If part of the complexity is resulting from uncertainties, an efficient way for solving that is robust control. By this way, the control procedure could be simple and fast and finally, a simple controller can be designed. One kind of these mechanisms is 3-<u>R</u>RR which is a parallel mechanism and has three revolute joints. This paper aims to robust control a 3-<u>R</u>RR planner mechanism and it presents that this could be used for other mechanisms. So, a significant problem in mechanisms control could be solved. The relevant diagrams are drawn and they show the correctness of control process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RRR" title="3-RRR">3-RRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20equations" title=" dynamic equations"> dynamic equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanisms%20control" title=" mechanisms control"> mechanisms control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20uncertainty" title=" structural uncertainty"> structural uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51492/robust-control-of-a-parallel-3-rrr-robotic-manipulator-via-m-synthesis-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11948</span> Orientation towards Social Entrepreneurship-Prioritary: Givens for Overcoming Social Inequality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Revaz%20Gvelesiani">Revaz Gvelesiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, social inequality increasingly strengthens the trend from business entrepreneurship to social entrepreneurship. It can be said that business entrepreneurs, according to their interests, move towards social entrepreneurship. Effectively operating markets create mechanisms, which lead to 'good' behavior. This is the most important feature of the rationally functioning society. As for the prospects of social entrepreneurship, expansion of entrepreneurship concept at the social arena may lead to such an outcome, when people who are skeptical about business, become more open towards entrepreneurship as a type of activity. This is the way which by means of increased participation in entrepreneurship promotes fair distribution of wealth. Today 'entrepreneurship for all' is still a dream, although the one, which may come true. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20entrepreneurship" title="social entrepreneurship">social entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20entrepreneurship" title=" business entrepreneurship"> business entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functions%20of%20entrepreneurship" title=" functions of entrepreneurship"> functions of entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20inequality" title=" social inequality"> social inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20interests" title=" social interests"> social interests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20groups" title=" interest groups"> interest groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20conflicts" title=" interest conflicts"> interest conflicts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46175/orientation-towards-social-entrepreneurship-prioritary-givens-for-overcoming-social-inequality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11947</span> Optimality of Shapley Value Mechanism under Sybil Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Mazorra%20Roig">Bruno Mazorra Roig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the realm of cost-sharing mechanisms, the vulnerability to Sybil strategies, where agents can create fake identities to manipulate outcomes, has not yet been studied. In this paper, we delve into the intricacies of different cost-sharing mechanisms proposed in the literature, highlighting its non-Sybil-resistance nature. Furthermore, we prove that under mild conditions, a Sybil-proof cost-sharing mechanism for public excludable goods is at least (n/2 + 1)−approximate. This finding reveals an exponential increase in the worst-case social cost in environments where agents are restricted from using Sybil strategies. We introduce the concept of Sybil Welfare Invariant mechanisms, where a mechanism maintains its worst-case welfare under Sybil strategies for every set of prior beliefs with full support even when the mechanism is not Sybil-proof. Finally, we prove that the Shapley value mechanism for public excludable goods holds this property and so deduce that the worst-case social cost of this mechanism is the nth harmonic number Hn under the equilibrium of the game with Sybil strategies, matching the worst-case social cost bound for cost-sharing mechanisms. This finding carries important implications for decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), indicating that they are capable of funding public excludable goods efficiently, even when the total number of agents is unknown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title="game theory">game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism%20design" title=" mechanism design"> mechanism design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20sharing" title=" cost sharing"> cost sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false-name%20proofness" title=" false-name proofness"> false-name proofness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179872/optimality-of-shapley-value-mechanism-under-sybil-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11946</span> Two Spherical Three Degrees of Freedom Parallel Robots 3-RCC and 3-RRS Static Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Abbasi%20Moshaii">Alireza Abbasi Moshaii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaghayegh%20Nasiri"> Shaghayegh Nasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Tale%20Masouleh"> Mehdi Tale Masouleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this study is static analysis of two three-degree of freedom parallel mechanisms: 3-RCC and 3-RRS. Geometry of these mechanisms is expressed and static equilibrium equations are derived for the whole chains. For these mechanisms due to the equal number of equations and unknowns, the solution is as same as 3-RCC mechanism. Mathematical software is used to solve the equations. In order to prove the results obtained from solving the equations of mechanisms, their CAD model has been simulated and their static is analysed in ADAMS software. Due to symmetrical geometry of the mechanisms, the force and external torque acting on the end-effecter have been considered asymmetric to prove the generality of the solution method. Finally, the results of both softwares, for both mechanisms are extracted and compared as graphs. The good achieved comparison between the results indicates the accuracy of the analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic" title="robotic">robotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20analysis" title=" static analysis"> static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RCC" title=" 3-RCC"> 3-RCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3-RRS" title=" 3-RRS"> 3-RRS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24128/two-spherical-three-degrees-of-freedom-parallel-robots-3-rcc-and-3-rrs-static-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11945</span> A Compact Quasi-Zero Stiffness Vibration Isolator Using Flexure-Based Spring Mechanisms Capable of Tunable Stiffness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanh-Phong%20Dao">Thanh-Phong Dao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyh-Chour%20Huang"> Shyh-Chour Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator using flexure-based spring mechanisms which afford both negative and positive stiffness elements, which enable self-adjustment. The QZS property of the isolator is achieved at the equilibrium position. A nonlinear mathematical model is then developed, based on the pre-compression of the flexure-based spring mechanisms. The dynamics are further analyzed using the Harmonic Balance method. The vibration attention efficiency is illustrated using displacement transmissibility, which is then compared with the corresponding linear isolator. The effects of parameters on performance are also investigated by numerical solutions. The flexure-based spring mechanisms are subsequently designed using the concept of compliant mechanisms, with evaluation by ANSYS software, and simulations of the QZS isolator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vibration%20isolator" title="vibration isolator">vibration isolator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-zero%20stiffness" title=" quasi-zero stiffness"> quasi-zero stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexure-based%20spring%20mechanisms" title=" flexure-based spring mechanisms"> flexure-based spring mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compliant%20mechanism" title=" compliant mechanism"> compliant mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45689/a-compact-quasi-zero-stiffness-vibration-isolator-using-flexure-based-spring-mechanisms-capable-of-tunable-stiffness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45689.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11944</span> Unpacking Tourist Experience: A Case Study of Chinese Tourists Visiting the UK</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guanhao%20Tong">Guanhao Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li"> Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20David"> Ben David</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to provide an explanatory account of how the leisure tourist experience emerges from tourists and their surroundings through a critical realist lens. This was achieved by applying Archer’s realist social theory as the underlying theoretical ground to unpack the interplays between the external (tourism system or structure) and the internal (tourists or agency). This theory argues that social phenomena can be analyzed in three domains - structure, agency, and culture (SAC), and along three phases – structure conditioning, sociocultural interactions, and structure elaboration. From the realist perspective, the world is an open system; events and discourses are irreducible to present individuals and collectivities. Therefore, identifying the processes or mechanisms is key to help researchers understand how social reality is brought about. Based on the contextual nature of the tourist experience, the research focuses on Chinese tourists (from mainland China) to London as a destination and British culture conveyed through the concept of the destination image. This study uses an intensive approach based on Archer’s M/M approach to discover the mechanisms/processes of the emergence of the tourist experience. Individual interviews were conducted to reveal the underlying causes of lived experiences of the tourists. Secondary data was also collected to understand how British destinations are portrayed to Chinese tourists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20tourists" title="Chinese tourists">Chinese tourists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20image" title=" destination image"> destination image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%2FM%20approach" title=" M/M approach"> M/M approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realist%20social%20theory" title=" realist social theory"> realist social theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mechanisms" title=" social mechanisms"> social mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourist%20experience" title=" tourist experience"> tourist experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164603/unpacking-tourist-experience-a-case-study-of-chinese-tourists-visiting-the-uk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11943</span> Evaluation of Environmental and Social Management System of Green Climate Fund's Accredited Entities: A Qualitative Approach Applied to Environmental and Social System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sima%20Majnooni">Sima Majnooni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the Green Climate Fund's environmental and social management framework (GCF). The environmental and social management framework ensures the accredited entity considers the GCF's accreditation standards and effectively implements each of the GCF-funded projects. The GCF requires all accredited entities to meet basic transparency and accountability standards as well as environmental and social safeguards (ESMS). In doing so, the accredited entity sets up different independent units. One of these units is called the Grievance Mechanism. When allegations of environmental and social harms are raised in association with GCF-funded activities, affected parties can contact the entity’s grievance unit. One of the most challenging things about the accredited entity's grievance unit is the lack of available information and resources on the entities' websites. Many AEs have anti-corruption or anti-money laundering unit, but they do not have the environmental and social unit for affected people. This paper will argue the effectiveness of environmental and social grievance mechanisms of AEs by using a qualitative approach to indicate how many of AEs have a poor or an effective GRM. Some ESMSs seem highly effective. On the other hand, other mechanisms lack basic requirements such as a clear, transparent, uniform procedure and a definitive timetable. We have looked at each AE mechanism not only in light of how the website goes into detail regarding the process of grievance mechanism but also in light of their risk category. Many mechanisms appear inadequate for the lower level risk category entities (C) and, even surprisingly, for many higher-risk categories (A). We found; in most cases, the grievance mechanism of AEs seems vague. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grievance%20mechanism" title="grievance mechanism">grievance mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vague%20environmental%20and%20social%20policies" title=" vague environmental and social policies"> vague environmental and social policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20climate%20fund" title=" green climate fund"> green climate fund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20climate%20finance" title=" international climate finance"> international climate finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lower%20and%20higher%20risk%20category" title=" lower and higher risk category"> lower and higher risk category</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132294/evaluation-of-environmental-and-social-management-system-of-green-climate-funds-accredited-entities-a-qualitative-approach-applied-to-environmental-and-social-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11942</span> The Problem of Child Exploitation on Twitter: A Socio-Anthropological Perspective on Content Filtering Gaps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samig%20Ibayev">Samig Ibayev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research addresses the problem of illegal child abuse content on the Twitter platform bypassing filtering systems and appearing before users from a social-anthropological perspective. Although the wide access opportunities provided by social media platforms to their users are beneficial in many ways, it is seen that they contain gaps that pave the way for the spread of harmful and illegal content. The aim of the study is to examine the inadequacies of the current content filtering mechanisms of the Twitter platform, to understand the psychological effects of young users unintentionally encountering such content and the social dimensions of this situation. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and was conducted using digital ethnography, content analysis and user experiences on the Twitter platform. Digital ethnography was used to observe the frequency of child abuse content on the platform and how these contents were presented. The content analysis method was used to reveal the gaps in Twitter's current filtering mechanisms. In addition, detailed information was collected on the extent of psychological effects and how the perception of trust in social media changed through interviews with young users exposed to such content. The main contributions of the research are to highlight the weaknesses in the content moderation and filtering mechanisms of social media platforms, to reveal the negative effects of illegal content on users, and to offer suggestions for preventing the spread of such content. As a result, it is suggested that platforms such as Twitter should improve their content filtering policies in order to increase user security and fulfill their social responsibilities. This research aims to create significant awareness about social media content management and ethical responsibilities on digital platforms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20exploitation" title=" child exploitation"> child exploitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20filtering" title=" content filtering"> content filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20ethnography" title=" digital ethnography"> digital ethnography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20anthropology" title=" social anthropology"> social anthropology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194155/the-problem-of-child-exploitation-on-twitter-a-socio-anthropological-perspective-on-content-filtering-gaps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11941</span> Managing HR Knowledge in a Large Privately Owned Enterprise: An Empirical Case Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cindy%20Wang-Cowham">Cindy Wang-Cowham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Judy%20Ningyu%20Tang"> Judy Ningyu Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper contributes towards the development of scarce literature on HR knowledge management. Drawing literature from knowledge management, the authors define the meaning of HR knowledge and propose that there are social mechanisms in organizations that facilitate the management and sharing of HR knowledge. Instead of investigating the subject in large multinational corporations, the present paper examines it in a large Chinese privately owned enterprise, which has an international standing. The main finding of the case analysis is that communication and feedback plays a pivotal role when managing HR knowledge. Social mechanisms can stimulate the communication and feedback between employees, thus facilitate knowledge exchange. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HR%20knowledge" title="HR knowledge">HR knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20management" title=" knowledge management"> knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20privately%20owned%20enterprises" title=" large privately owned enterprises"> large privately owned enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20817/managing-hr-knowledge-in-a-large-privately-owned-enterprise-an-empirical-case-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11940</span> Unlocking Retention: Nurturing Ownership and Shared Values to Overcome Work-Family Conflict Among Chinese Social Workers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zurong%20Liang">Zurong Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chinese social work has experienced a sharp rise in staff turnover. Work-family conflict is a key risk factor for employees’ turnover intention. While the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention has been widely documented, little is known about its mediating and moderating mechanisms, especially among social workers in China. This study explored the mediating role of job-based and collective psychological ownership and the moderating role of person-organization value congruence. The study drew on data from the China Social Work Longitudinal Study 2019, a nationally representative sample of 1,421 Chinese social workers (79.73% female; mean age = 28.9 years old). We performed a moderated mediation analysis combining a simple slope test and the Johnson-Neyman technique. Both job-based psychological ownership and collective psychological ownership were found to mediate the association between work-family conflict and turnover intention. Person-organization value congruence moderated the indirect relationship between work-family conflict and turnover intention via collective psychological ownership. This study enhances understanding of the impact of the psychological mechanisms of work-family conflict on Chinese social workers’ turnover intention. Specific strategies should be adopted to establish a work environment that supports psychological ownership, enhances social workers’ identification with and attachment to their organizations, and thus reduces their turnover intention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover" title="turnover">turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work-family%20conflict" title=" work-family conflict"> work-family conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ownership" title=" ownership"> ownership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20worker" title=" social worker"> social worker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183412/unlocking-retention-nurturing-ownership-and-shared-values-to-overcome-work-family-conflict-among-chinese-social-workers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11939</span> A Theoretical Framework on Using Social Stories with the Creative Arts for Individuals on the Autistic Spectrum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Bawazir">R. Bawazir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Jones"> P. Jones</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social Stories are widely used to teach social and communication skills or concepts to individuals on the autistic spectrum. This paper presents a theoretical framework for using Social Stories in conjunction with the creative arts. The paper argues that Bandura’s social learning theory can be used to explain the mechanisms behind Social Stories and the way they influence changes in response, while Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory can be used simultaneously to demonstrate the role of the creative arts in learning. By using Social Stories with the creative arts for individuals on the autistic spectrum, the aim is to meet individual needs and help individuals with autism to develop in different areas of learning and communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individuals%20on%20the%20autistic%20spectrum" title="individuals on the autistic spectrum">individuals on the autistic spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20stories" title=" social stories"> social stories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20creative%20arts" title=" the creative arts"> the creative arts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20framework" title=" theoretical framework"> theoretical framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63881/a-theoretical-framework-on-using-social-stories-with-the-creative-arts-for-individuals-on-the-autistic-spectrum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11938</span> Beliefs About the Effectiveness of Self-Affirmation as a Coping Mechanism: A Predictor of Coping Strategy Preference Following a Threat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolyei%20Griffith">Jolyei Griffith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-affirmation theory suggests that affirming core values can buffer the impact of stressful experiences, particularly in the context of upward social comparisons. This study examines the effects of self-affirmation in reducing stress and enhancing coping mechanisms compared to recounting positive personal experiences. Using an experimental design with 150 participants, an online survey and an experimental task were administered to assess stress responses to upward social comparison scenarios. Findings indicate that participants who engaged in self-affirmation reported significantly lower stress levels and higher self-esteem than those who reflected on positive experiences. These results suggest that self-affirmation may serve as an effective psychological strategy for mitigating stress and promoting emotional resilience in socially competitive environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-affirmation" title="self-affirmation">self-affirmation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20mechanisms" title=" coping mechanisms"> coping mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workplace%20stress" title=" workplace stress"> workplace stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-threat" title=" self-threat"> self-threat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beliefs" title=" beliefs"> beliefs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coping%20strategy" title=" coping strategy"> coping strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199045/beliefs-about-the-effectiveness-of-self-affirmation-as-a-coping-mechanism-a-predictor-of-coping-strategy-preference-following-a-threat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/199045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11937</span> A Review of the Fundamental Aspects and Dimensions of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as Important Components in the Promotion of Social Justice in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odoh%20Ben%20Uruchi">Odoh Ben Uruchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Access to Justice implies access to social and distributive Justice. Access to social justice in Nigeria remains an illusion where cases last in courts for unduly long period of time, as is currently the situation in the country. As the popular saying goes– justice delayed is justice denied. It is, however, important to underscore the point that these perspectives are not necessarily disconnected since the extent to which one can have distributive justice in any system is largely determined by the level and effectiveness of social justice in the country. Generally, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Processes are increasingly being accepted in Nigeria as appropriate mechanisms for resolving disputes. While some jurisdictions have institutionalized ADR through the concept of a Multidoor Courthouse, many other are at different stages of doing same. With these developments, it is obvious that stakeholders in the administration of justice in Nigeria, can no longer be indifferent about understanding and fully mainstreaming ADR into their various activities and professional practice. Any framework for promoting social justice in Nigeria should therefore of necessity include provision of avenues for use of ADR in the protection and enforcement of citizen’s rights. The constitutional and other legal provisions that guarantee various rights of citizens cannot of itself ensure the enjoyment of the rights in the absence of an effective framework for dispute resolution. Excessive reliance on litigation and other adversarial approaches will also fail to ensure a sound regime of social justice. There should be structured mainstreaming of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in justice delivery if the society must provide and guarantee social justice to the citizens. This paper seeks to address some of the fundamental issues affecting the perception, knowledge and skills of ADR in the provision of social justice. In doing this, the paper proposes to unlock the full enormous potentials of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in promoting access to justice in Nigeria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspects" title="aspects">aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensions" title=" dimensions"> dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20dispute%20resolution" title=" alternative dispute resolution"> alternative dispute resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28583/a-review-of-the-fundamental-aspects-and-dimensions-of-alternative-dispute-resolution-adr-as-important-components-in-the-promotion-of-social-justice-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11936</span> Making Social Accountability Initiatives Work in the Performance of Local Self-Governing Institutions: District-Level Analysis in Rural Assam, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Kumar%20Kalita">Pankaj Kumar Kalita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ineffectiveness of formal institutional mechanisms such as official audit to improve public service delivery has been a serious concern to scholars working on governance reforms in developing countries. Scholars argue that public service delivery in local self-governing institutions can be improved through application of informal mechanisms such as social accountability. Social accountability has been reinforced with the engagement of citizens and civic organizations in the process of service delivery to reduce the governance gap in developing countries. However, there are challenges that may impede the scope of establishing social accountability initiatives in the performance of local self-governing institutions. This study makes an attempt to investigate the factors that may impede the scope of establishing social accountability, particularly in culturally heterogeneous societies like India. While analyzing the implementation of two rural development schemes by Panchayats, the local self-governing institutions functioning in rural Assam in India, this study argues that the scope of establishing social accountability in the performance of local self-governing institutions, particularly in culturally heterogeneous societies in developing countries will be impeded by the absence of inter-caste and inter-religion networks. Data has been collected from five selected districts of Assam using in-depth interview method and survey method. The study further contributes to the debates on 'good governance' and citizen-centric approaches in developing countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizen%20engagement" title="citizen engagement">citizen engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20self-governing%20institutions" title=" local self-governing institutions"> local self-governing institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20accountability" title=" social accountability"> social accountability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47701/making-social-accountability-initiatives-work-in-the-performance-of-local-self-governing-institutions-district-level-analysis-in-rural-assam-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11935</span> Predicting the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma on the Formation of Defense Mechanisms with the Mediating Role of Object Relations in Traders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmadreza%20Jabalameli">Ahmadreza Jabalameli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ebrahimpour%20Borujeni"> Mohammad Ebrahimpour Borujeni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to psychodynamic theories, the major personality structure of individuals is formed in the first years of life. Trauma is an inseparable and undeniable part of everyone's life and they inevitably struggle with many traumas that can have a very significant impact on their lives. The present study deals with the relationship between childhood trauma on the formation of defense mechanisms and the role of object relations. The present descriptive study is a correlation with structural equation modeling (SEM). Sample selection is available and consists of 200 knowledgeable traders in Jabalameli Information Technology Company. The results indicate that the experience of childhood trauma with a demographic moderating effect, through the mediating role of object relations can lead to vulnerability to ego reality functionality and immature and psychically disturbed defense mechanisms. In this regard, there is a significant negative relationship between childhood trauma and object relations with mature defense mechanisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20trauma" title="childhood trauma">childhood trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defense%20mechanisms" title=" defense mechanisms"> defense mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=object%20relations" title=" object relations"> object relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade" title=" trade"> trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148276/predicting-the-relationship-between-childhood-trauma-on-the-formation-of-defense-mechanisms-with-the-mediating-role-of-object-relations-in-traders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11934</span> Social Media and the Future of Veganism Influence on Gender Norms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athena%20Johnson">Athena Johnson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Veganism has seen a rapid increase in members over recent years. Understanding the mechanisms of social change associated with these dietary practices in relation to gender is significant as these groups may seem small, but they have a large impact as they influence many and change the food market. This research article's basic methodology is primarily a deep article research literature review with empirical research. The research findings show that the popularity of veganism is growing, in large part due to the extensive use of social media, which dispels longstanding gendered connotations with food, such as the correlations between meat and masculinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title="diversity">diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20roles" title=" gender roles"> gender roles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=veganism" title=" veganism"> veganism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156143/social-media-and-the-future-of-veganism-influence-on-gender-norms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11933</span> Social Impact Evaluation in the Housing Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgard%20Barki">Edgard Barki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%A2nia%20Modesto%20Veludo-de-Oliveira"> Tânia Modesto Veludo-de-Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Zambaldi"> Felipe Zambaldi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The social enterprise sector can be characterized as organizations that aim to solve social problems with financial sustainability and using market mechanisms. This sector has shown an increasing interest worldwide. Despite the growth and relevance of the sector, there is still a gap regarding the assessment of the social impact resulting from the initiatives of the organizations in this field. A number of metrics have been designed worldwide to evaluate the impact of social enterprises (e.g., IRIS, GIIRS, BACO), as well as some ad hoc studies that have been carried out, mainly in the microcredit sector, but there is still a gap to be filled in the development of research in social impact evaluation. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the social impact of two social enterprises (Terra Nova and Vivenda) in the area of housing in Brazil. To evaluate these impacts and their dimensions, we conducted an exploratory research, through three focus groups, thirty in-depth interviews and a survey with beneficiaries of both organizations. The results allowed us to evaluate how the two organizations were able to create a deep social impact in the populations served. Terra Nova has a more collective perspective, with a clear benefit of social inclusion and improvement of the community’s infrastructure, while Vivenda has a more individualized perspective, improving self-esteem, sociability and family coexistence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing" title=" housing"> housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20enterprise" title=" social enterprise"> social enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20impact%20evaluation" title=" social impact evaluation"> social impact evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64778/social-impact-evaluation-in-the-housing-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11932</span> Mechanisms of Action in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in People with Physical and/or Psychological Conditions: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modi%20Alsubaie">Modi Alsubaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Willem%20Kuyken"> Willem Kuyken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20Abbott"> Rebecca Abbott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barnaby%20Dunn"> Barnaby Dunn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Dickens"> Chris Dickens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tina%20Keil"> Tina Keil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Henley"> William Henley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Recently, there has been an increased interest in studying the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for people with psychological and physical problems. However, the mechanisms of action in these interventions that lead to beneficial physical and psychological outcomes have yet to be clearly identified. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to review, systematically, the evidence to date on the mechanisms of action in mindfulness interventions in populations with physical and/or psychological conditions. Method: Searches of seven databases (PsycINFO, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, ClinicalTrials.gov) were undertaken in June 2014 and July 2015. We evaluated to what extent the studies we identified met the criteria suggested by Kazdin for establishing mechanisms of action within a psychological treatment (2007, 2009). Results: We identified four trials examining mechanisms of mindfulness interventions in those with comorbid psychological and physical health problems and 14 in those with psychological conditions. These studies examined a diverse range of potential mechanisms, including mindfulness and rumination. Of these candidate mechanisms, the most consistent finding was that greater self-reported change in mindfulness mediated superior clinical outcomes. However, very few studies fully met the Kazdin criteria for examining treatment mechanisms. Conclusion: There was evidence that global changes in mindfulness are linked to better outcomes. This evidence pertained more to interventions targeting psychological rather than physical health conditions. While there is promising evidence that MBCT/MBSR intervention effects are mediated by hypothesised mechanisms, there is a lack of methodological rigour in the field of testing mechanisms of action for both MBCT and MBSR, which precludes definitive conclusions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBCT" title="MBCT">MBCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBSR" title=" MBSR"> MBSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanisms" title=" mechanisms"> mechanisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20conditions" title=" physical conditions"> physical conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20conditions" title=" psychological conditions"> psychological conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review "> systematic review </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72947/mechanisms-of-action-in-mindfulness-based-cognitive-therapy-mbct-and-mindfulness-based-stress-reduction-mbsr-in-people-with-physical-andor-psychological-conditions-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11931</span> A Review of Self-Healing Concrete and Various Methods of Its Scientific Implementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davoud%20Beheshtizadeh">Davoud Beheshtizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Davood%20Jafari"> Davood Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete, with its special properties and advantages, has caused it to be widely and increasingly used in construction industry, especially in infrastructures of the country. On the other hand, some defects of concrete and, most importantly, micro-cracks in the concrete after setting have caused the cost of repair and maintenance of infrastructure; therefore, self-healing concretes have been of attention in other countries in the recent years. These concretes have been repaired with general mechanisms such as physical, chemical, biological and combined mechanisms, each of which has different subsets and methods of execution and operation. Also, some of these types of mechanisms are of high importance, which has led to a special production method, and as this subject is new in Iran, this knowledge is almost unknown or at least some part of it has not been considered at all. The present article completely introduces various self-healing mechanisms as a review and tries to present the disadvantages and advantages of each method along with its scope of application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-cracks" title="micro-cracks">micro-cracks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-healing%20concrete" title=" self-healing concrete"> self-healing concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcapsules" title=" microcapsules"> microcapsules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sensitive" title=" self-sensitive"> self-sensitive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166936/a-review-of-self-healing-concrete-and-various-methods-of-its-scientific-implementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11930</span> Gamification as a Tool for Influencing Customers' Behaviour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Zatwarnicka-Madura">Beata Zatwarnicka-Madura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the article was to identify the impacts of gamification on customers' behaviour. The most important applications of games in marketing and mechanisms of gamification are presented in the article. A detailed analysis of the influence of gamification on customers using two brands, Foursquare and Nike, was also presented. Research studies using auditory survey methods were carried out among 176 young respondents, who are potential targets of gamification. The studies confirmed a huge participation of young people in customer loyalty programs with relatively low participation in other gamification-based marketing activities. The research findings clearly indicate that gamification mechanisms are the most attractive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title="customer loyalty">customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=games" title=" games"> games</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title=" gamification"> gamification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20aspects" title=" social aspects "> social aspects </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20684/gamification-as-a-tool-for-influencing-customers-behaviour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11929</span> Frequency Modulation in Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Liu">D. Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20M.%20Donskoy"> D. M. Donskoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vibroacoustic modulation method is based on the modulation effect of high-frequency ultrasonic wave (carrier) by low-frequency vibration in the presence of various defects, primarily contact-type such as cracks, delamination, etc. The presence and severity of the defect are measured by the ratio of the spectral sidebands and the carrier in the spectrum of the modulated signal. This approach, however, does not differentiate between amplitude and frequency modulations, AM and FM, respectfully. It was experimentally shown that both modulations could be present in the spectrum, yet each modulation may be associated with different physical mechanisms. AM mechanisms are quite well understood and widely covered in the literature. This paper is a first attempt to explain the generation mechanisms of FM and its correlation with the flaw properties. Here we proposed two possible mechanisms leading to FM modulation based on nonlinear local defect resonance and dynamic acousto-elastic models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20testing" title="non-destructive testing">non-destructive testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20acoustics" title=" nonlinear acoustics"> nonlinear acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring" title=" structural health monitoring"> structural health monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acousto-elasticity" title=" acousto-elasticity"> acousto-elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20defect%20resonance" title=" local defect resonance"> local defect resonance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149507/frequency-modulation-in-vibro-acoustic-modulation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11928</span> Collective Efficacy and Rural Migration in Urban China—Social Determinants on Urbanization, Social Integration and Civic Engagement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ziwei%20Qi">Ziwei Qi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on issues on Urbanization, Rural Migration and Neighborhood Collective Efficacy in urban China. The urbanization and migration trend and policies in China will be discussed and the various mechanisms through which social structures affect economic action and the consequent of social disequilibrium due to urbanization will be discussed. The positive and negative propositions on urbanization will also be highlighted. The primary methodologies applied in the paper will be the theoretical application and empirical implication on urbanization in developing countries. Western sociological theories, including theories in urban criminology /sociology including social disorganization, theories of social capital and collective efficacy will be applied and analyzed to test the market society in Chinese economic and cultural setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20efficacy" title="collective efficacy">collective efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civic%20engagement" title=" civic engagement"> civic engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20migration" title=" rural migration"> rural migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36411/collective-efficacy-and-rural-migration-in-urban-china-social-determinants-on-urbanization-social-integration-and-civic-engagement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">335</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11927</span> Responsibility of International Financial Institutions for Harmful Environmental Consequences Arising from Their Development Interventions </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reham%20Barakat">Reham Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the last few decades, the influence of International Financial Institutions (IFIs), especially the World Bank (WB), has significantly increased. Since the early 1980s, IFIs have assumed greater role, especially in developing countries; their total lending has dramatically increased, affecting billions of people in their Borrower States. Though the purpose of the development assistance provided by IFIs is to alleviate poverty and promote economic and social development in their member countries, IFIs have been subject to massive criticism by civil society institutions, international NGOs and local communities for the harmful environmental, social and economic impacts resulting from their development interventions in borrower countries, such as deforestation, displacement of indigenous peoples, and unemployment. While the role of IFIs has expanded over time, affecting billions of people, their accountability mechanisms remained behind and were criticized for lacking sufficient independency and enforceability. The serious adverse environmental impacts of the World Bank’s funded projects, along with their weak accountability mechanisms, raises the question of 'To what extent IFIs should be held internationally responsible for the harmful environmental consequences arising from their development interventions?'. This paper argues that IFIs are legally responsible for the harmful environmental consequences arising from their development interventions. The study (i) identifies the applicable laws and relevant primary rules from which the international environmental obligations of IFIs towards their borrower countries are derived (ii) assesses the World Bank’s compliance to the principles of the International Environmental Law including the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and the principle of Good-Neighborliness, (iii) assesses the World Bank’s current internal accountability mechanisms for harmful environmental impacts resulting from the World Bank’s funded projects, and finally (iv) identifies the appropriate dispute settlement mechanisms to which states and non-state actors could raise their claims against IFIs for harmful environmental consequences arising from their interventions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20environmental%20law" title="international environmental law">international environmental law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20financial%20institutions" title=" international financial institutions"> international financial institutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20responsibility" title=" international responsibility"> international responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=world%20bank" title=" world bank"> world bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20and%20social%20safeguards" title=" environmental and social safeguards "> environmental and social safeguards </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124944/responsibility-of-international-financial-institutions-for-harmful-environmental-consequences-arising-from-their-development-interventions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11926</span> “I” on the Web: Social Penetration Theory Revised</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.%20Dionysis%20Panos%0D%0ADpt.%20Communication">Dr. Dionysis Panos Dpt. Communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Internet%20Studies%0D%0ACyprus%20University%20of%20Technology">Internet Studies Cyprus University of Technology</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread use of New Media and particularly Social Media, through fixed or mobile devices, has changed in a staggering way our perception about what is “intimate" and "safe" and what is not, in interpersonal communication and social relationships. The distribution of self and identity-related information in communication now evolves under new and different conditions and contexts. Consequently, this new framework forces us to rethink processes and mechanisms, such as what "exposure" means in interpersonal communication contexts, how the distinction between the "private" and the "public" nature of information is being negotiated online, how the "audiences" we interact with are understood and constructed. Drawing from an interdisciplinary perspective that combines sociology, communication psychology, media theory, new media and social networks research, as well as from the empirical findings of a longitudinal comparative research, this work proposes an integrative model for comprehending mechanisms of personal information management in interpersonal communication, which can be applied to both types of online (Computer-Mediated) and offline (Face-To-Face) communication. The presentation is based on conclusions drawn from a longitudinal qualitative research study with 458 new media users from 24 countries for almost over a decade. Some of these main conclusions include: (1) There is a clear and evidenced shift in users’ perception about the degree of "security" and "familiarity" of the Web, between the pre- and the post- Web 2.0 era. The role of Social Media in this shift was catalytic. (2) Basic Web 2.0 applications changed dramatically the nature of the Internet itself, transforming it from a place reserved for “elite users / technical knowledge keepers" into a place of "open sociability” for anyone. (3) Web 2.0 and Social Media brought about a significant change in the concept of “audience” we address in interpersonal communication. The previous "general and unknown audience" of personal home pages, converted into an "individual & personal" audience chosen by the user under various criteria. (4) The way we negotiate the nature of 'private' and 'public' of the Personal Information, has changed in a fundamental way. (5) The different features of the mediated environment of online communication and the critical changes occurred since the Web 2.0 advance, lead to the need of reconsideration and updating the theoretical models and analysis tools we use in our effort to comprehend the mechanisms of interpersonal communication and personal information management. Therefore, is proposed here a new model for understanding the way interpersonal communication evolves, based on a revision of social penetration theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20media" title="new media">new media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20communication" title=" interpersonal communication"> interpersonal communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20penetration%20theory" title="social penetration theory">social penetration theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20exposure" title=" communication exposure"> communication exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20information" title=" private information"> private information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20information" title=" public information"> public information</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12145/i-on-the-web-social-penetration-theory-revised" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11925</span> Solvent Extraction in Ionic Liquids: Structuration and Aggregation Effects on Extraction Mechanisms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandrine%20Dourdain">Sandrine Dourdain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cesar%20Lopez"> Cesar Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamir%20Sukhbaatar"> Tamir Sukhbaatar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guilhem%20Arrachart"> Guilhem Arrachart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephane%20Pellet-Rostaing"> Stephane Pellet-Rostaing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A promising challenge in solvent extraction is to replace the conventional organic solvents, with ionic liquids (IL). Depending on the extraction systems, these new solvents show better efficiency than the conventional ones. Although some assumptions based on ions exchanges have been proposed in the literature, these properties are not predictable because the involved mechanisms are still poorly understood. It is well established that the mechanisms underlying solvent extraction processes are based not only on the molecular chelation of the extractant molecules but also on their ability to form supra-molecular aggregates due to their amphiphilic nature. It is therefore essential to evaluate how IL affects the aggregation properties of the extractant molecules. Our aim is to evaluate the influence of IL structure and polarity on solvent extraction mechanisms, by looking at the aggregation of the extractant molecules in IL. We compare extractant systems that are well characterized in common solvents and show thanks to SAXS and SANS measurements, that in the absence of IL ion exchange mechanisms, extraction properties are related to aggregation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20extraction%20in%20Ionic%20liquid" title="solvent extraction in Ionic liquid">solvent extraction in Ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregation" title=" aggregation"> aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ionic%20liquids%20structure" title=" Ionic liquids structure"> Ionic liquids structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAXS" title=" SAXS"> SAXS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SANS" title=" SANS"> SANS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107612/solvent-extraction-in-ionic-liquids-structuration-and-aggregation-effects-on-extraction-mechanisms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11924</span> Effect of Carbon Amount of Dual-Phase Steels on Deformation Behavior Using Acoustic Emission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Khamedi">Ramin Khamedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Ahmadi"> Isa Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study acoustic emission (AE) signals obtained during deformation and fracture of two types of ferrite-martensite dual phase steels (DPS) specimens have been analyzed in frequency domain. For this reason two low carbon steels with various amounts of carbon were chosen, and intercritically heat treated. In the introduced method, identifying the mechanisms of failure in the various phases of DPS is done. For this aim, AE monitoring has been used during tensile test of several DPS with various volume fraction of the martensite (VM) and attempted to relate the AE signals and failure mechanisms in these steels. Different signals, which referred to 2-3 micro-mechanisms of failure due to amount of carbon and also VM have been seen. By Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of signals in distinct locations, an excellent relationship between peak frequencies in these areas and micro-mechanisms of failure were seen. The results were verified by microscopic observations (SEM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20emission" title="acoustic emission">acoustic emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20steels" title=" dual phase steels"> dual phase steels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation" title=" deformation"> deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture" title=" fracture"> fracture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10129/effect-of-carbon-amount-of-dual-phase-steels-on-deformation-behavior-using-acoustic-emission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11923</span> Defense Mechanism Maturity and the Severity of Mood Disorder Symptoms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Pand%C5%BEa">Maja Pandža</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjin%20Lovri%C4%87"> Sanjin Lovrić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20%C4%8Colak"> Iva Čolak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josipa%20Mandari%C4%87"> Josipa Mandarić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miro%20Klari%C4%87"> Miro Klarić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the role of symptoms related to mood disorders salience on different types of defense mechanisms (mature, neurotic, immature) predominance. Total of 177 both clinical and non-clinical participants in Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina, completed a battery of questionnaires associated with defense mechanisms and self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms. The sample was additionally divided into four groups, given the level of symptoms experienced: 1. minimal, 2. mild, 3. moderate, 4. severe depression/anxiety. Participants with minimal anxiety and depression symptoms use mature defense mechanisms more often than other three groups. Immature mechanisms are most commonly used by the group with severe depression/anxiety levels in comparison with other groups. These differences are discussed on the dynamic level of analysis to have a better understanding of the relationship between defense mechanisms' maturity and degree of mood disorders' symptom severity. Also, results given could serve as an implication for the psychotherapeutic treatment plans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety%2Fdepression%20symptoms" title="anxiety/depression symptoms">anxiety/depression symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%2Fnon-clinical%20sample" title=" clinical/non-clinical sample"> clinical/non-clinical sample</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defense%20mechanism%20maturity" title=" defense mechanism maturity"> defense mechanism maturity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20approach" title=" dynamic approach"> dynamic approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34314/defense-mechanism-maturity-and-the-severity-of-mood-disorder-symptoms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11922</span> Mechanisms of Cultural Change Resistance through Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Horaya%20Mostafa%20Ahmed">Horaya Mostafa Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All cultures are inherently predisposed to change and, at the same time, to resisting change. There are dynamic processes operating that encourage the acceptance of new ideas and things, while there are others that encourage changeless stability. Despite the dramatic changes that have taken place in all human cultures, there are cultures still steadfast and resist change. These cultures resist through some culture mechanisms like, cultural boundaries, ethnocentrism, religion, and cultural relativity. So this paper is an attempt to discover these mechanisms of cultural change resistance and to ask is cultural change always required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20change" title="cultural change">cultural change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20boundaries" title=" cultural boundaries"> cultural boundaries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20relativity" title=" cultural relativity"> cultural relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnocentrism" title=" ethnocentrism"> ethnocentrism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religion" title=" religion"> religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44362/mechanisms-of-cultural-change-resistance-through-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11921</span> A Review of Lexical Retrieval Intervention in Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms of Change, Cognition, and Generalisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashleigh%20Beales">Ashleigh Beales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anne%20Whitworth"> Anne Whitworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jade%20Cartwright"> Jade Cartwright</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: While significant benefits of lexical retrieval intervention are evident within the Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) literature, an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie change or improvement is limited. Change mechanisms have been explored in the non-progressive post-stroke literature that may offer insight into how interventions affect change with progressive language disorders. The potential influences of cognitive factors may also play a role here, interacting with the aims of intervention. Exploring how such processes have been applied is likely to grow our understanding of how interventions have, or have not, been effective, and how and why generalisation is likely, or not, to occur. Aims: This review of the literature aimed to (1) investigate the proposed mechanisms of change which underpin lexical interventions, mapping the PPA and AD lexical retrieval literature to theoretical accounts of mechanisms that underlie change within the broader intervention literature, (2) identify whether and which nonlinguistic cognitive functions have been engaged in intervention with these populations and any proposed influence, and (3) explore evidence of linguistic generalisation, with particular reference to change mechanisms employed in interventions. Main contribution: A search of Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL identified 36 articles that reported data for individuals with PPA or AD following lexical retrieval intervention. A review of the mechanisms of change identified 10 studies that used stimulation, 21 studies utilised relearning, three studies drew on reorganisation, and two studies used cognitive-relay. Significant treatment gains, predominantly based on linguistic performance measures, were reported for all client groups for each of the proposed mechanisms. Reorganisation and cognitive-relay change mechanisms were only targeted in PPA. Eighteen studies incorporated nonlinguistic cognitive functions in intervention; these were limited to autobiographical memory (16 studies), episodic memory (three studies), or both (one study). Linguistic generalisation outcomes were inconsistently reported in PPA and AD studies. Conclusion: This review highlights that individuals with PPA and AD may benefit from lexical retrieval intervention, irrespective of the mechanism of change. Thorough application of a theory of intervention is required to gain a greater understanding of the change mechanisms, as well as the interplay of nonlinguistic cognitive functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lexical%20retrieval" title=" lexical retrieval"> lexical retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanisms%20of%20change" title=" mechanisms of change"> mechanisms of change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20progressive%20aphasia" title=" primary progressive aphasia"> primary progressive aphasia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77439/a-review-of-lexical-retrieval-intervention-in-primary-progressive-aphasia-and-alzheimers-disease-mechanisms-of-change-cognition-and-generalisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mechanisms&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20mechanisms&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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