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mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国的历史地理的发展"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>中国的历史地理的发展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：中国的历史地理的发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国历史地理的研究内容曾长期局限于研究<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历史人文地理（页面不存在）">历史人文地理</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BF%E9%9D%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沿革地理（页面不存在）">沿革地理</a>。这是由于古代有资源收集资料的人主要是官府和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="帝制">帝制</a>下的支持者或由官府所派出的官员或专业人士。再者，纵观各个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">朝代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="历史地理学家">历史地理学家</a>，始終不能擺脫傳統<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB" title="士大夫">士大夫</a>的“痛心于一個朝代的滅亡或衰落，而立志研究经世致用的学问”的一种情结。所以他们比较重视各个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3" title="朝代">朝代</a>各地区的城池，山川，道路，渡口，人口，军队，士兵，商业和农业等对君主有用的资料。 </p><p>自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" title="东汉">东汉</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班固</a>于公元1世纪撰写《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">汉书</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6%C2%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%BF%97" title="汉书·地理志">地理志</a>》起，以至《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B2" title="二十四史">二十四史</a>》中的地理志和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%9F%E5%BF%97" title="大清一统志">大清一统志</a>》都属于官修的沿革地理。至于私修的有公元3世纪<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E7%A7%80" title="裴秀">裴秀</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%B9%E8%B2%A2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%96" title="禹貢地域圖">禹贡地域图</a>》，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>时<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A6%E9%81%93%E5%85%83" title="郦道元">郦道元</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%8F%E6%B3%A8" title="水经注">水经注</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>时<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%90%89%E7%94%AB" title="李吉甫">李吉甫</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C%E9%83%A1%E5%8E%BF%E5%9B%BE%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="元和郡县图志">元和郡縣圖志</a>》。自<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>起沿革地理已形成一项独立的研究，始后又有宋朝<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%94%E9%BA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="王应麟">王应麟</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E9%89%B4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通鉴地理通释（页面不存在）">通鉴地理通释</a>》，<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a>末<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a>初时<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="顾祖禹">顾祖禹</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B9%E8%88%86%E7%BA%AA%E8%A6%81" title="读史方舆纪要">读史方舆纪要</a>》和清末<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%88%E6%95%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="杨守敬">杨守敬</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历代舆地图（页面不存在）">历代舆地图</a>》。一些其他书籍也有地理资料，包括明朝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%BC%98%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="徐弘祖">徐弘祖</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E9%9C%9E%E5%AE%A2%E6%B8%B8%E8%AE%B0" title="徐霞客游记">徐霞客游记</a>》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="中国历史地理学研究的地域范围"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9B.BD.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.AD.A6.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.9F.E8.8C.83.E5.9B.B4"></span>中国历史地理学研究的地域范围</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中国历史地理学研究的地域范围"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国历史地理学研究的地域范围就是中国的地域范围，但是不限于现在的中国，它所研究的是历史时期的中国。现在一般将清朝完成统一之后，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="帝国主义">帝国主义</a>入侵中国以前的版图作为研究范围，也就是1750年代到1840年代<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="鸦片战争">鸦片战争</a>以前的中国版图。具体的地域范围是： </p><p>东北到<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%89%E5%B2%AD" title="外兴安岭">外兴安岭</a>，西北到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%96%80%E4%BB%80%E6%B9%96" title="巴尔喀什湖">巴尔喀什湖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%B1%E5%B2%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葱岭">葱岭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="帕米尔高原">帕米尔高原</a>，其他则与中国现在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="国界">国界</a>基本一致。曾经在这个范围内活动的民族都是中国历史上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>，曾经在这个范围内建立的政权都是中国历史上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%9D%83" title="政权">政权</a>。 </p><p>以上的这些划分并不是绝对的，在相当长的时期内，在这个范围之外的一些地区也曾经隶属于中国政权，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a>的北部，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>的北部。这些地区也应该算是中国历史地理学所研究的范围。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历代历史地理名著"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E4.BB.A3.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86.E5.90.8D.E8.91.97"></span>历代历史地理名著</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：历代历史地理名著"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%8F" title="山海经">山海经</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E7%A7%80" title="裴秀">裴秀</a> -《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%B9%E8%B2%A2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%96" title="禹貢地域圖">禹贡地域图</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A6%E9%81%93%E5%85%83" title="郦道元">郦道元</a> -《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%BB%8F%E6%B3%A8" title="水经注">水经注</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%90%89%E7%94%AB" title="李吉甫">李吉甫</a> -《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%92%8C%E9%83%A1%E5%8E%BF%E5%9B%BE%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="元和郡县图志">元和郡縣圖志</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%94%E9%BA%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="王应麟">王应麟</a> -《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E9%89%B4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%9A%E9%87%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通鉴地理通释（页面不存在）">通鉴地理通释</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%B7%B7%E4%B8%80%E5%9B%BE" title="大明混一图">大明混一图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BE%E7%A5%96%E7%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="顾祖禹">顾祖禹</a> -《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BB%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B9%E8%88%86%E7%BA%AA%E8%A6%81" title="读史方舆纪要">读史方舆纪要</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%9F%E5%BF%97" title="大清一统志">大清一统志</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%AE%88%E6%95%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="杨守敬">杨守敬</a> - 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="历代舆地图（页面不存在）">历代舆地图</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BE%E9%A2%89%E5%88%9A" title="顾颉刚">顾颉刚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%B7%BD" title="章巽">章巽</a> - 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%88%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%89" title="中國歷史地圖集（古代史部分）">中國歷史地圖集（古代史部分）</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%85%89%E8%A3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="程光裕">程光裕</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E8%81%96%E8%AC%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徐聖謨（页面不存在）">徐聖謨</a> - 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE_(1980%E5%B9%B4)" title="中国历史地图 (1980年)">中国历史地图</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%AD%E5%85%B6%E9%AA%A7" title="谭其骧">谭其骧</a> - 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E9%9B%86" title="中国历史地图集">中国历史地图集</a>》</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A9%E8%8C%82%E8%8E%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韩茂莉（页面不存在）">韩茂莉</a> - 《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国历史农业地理（页面不存在）">中国历史农业地理</a>》</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%89%91%E9%9B%84" title="葛剑雄">葛剑雄</a>，谈谈历史地理学，《中国古代文化史讲座》：中国传统文化精要丛书，桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2003.6 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7563339388" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5633-3938-8</a></i></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="中国行政区划">中国行政区划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E9%9B%86" title="中国历史地图集">中国历史地图集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE_(1980%E5%B9%B4)" title="中国历史地图 (1980年)">中国历史地图 (1980年)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Geography_topics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Geography topics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of geography terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學術語表（页面不存在）">術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of geography terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of geography terms</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="地理學史">歷史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學條目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of geography articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學條目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_geography_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of geography articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of geography articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">學科分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="行為地理學">行為地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="批判地理學">批判地理學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性主義地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminist geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性主義地理學（页面不存在）">女性主義地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="馬克思主義地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Marxist geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义地理学">馬克思主義地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Marxist geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Marxist geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="文化地理学">文化地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教地理学">宗教地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="音樂地理學">音樂地理學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人口地理学">人口地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="發展地理學">發展地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="经济地理学">经济地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业地理学">农业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="工业地理学">工业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="商业地理学">商业地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學地理學">医学地理学（健康地理學）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="历史地理学">历史地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="語言地理學">語言地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="军事地理学">军事地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="政治地理学">政治地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会地理学">社会地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="战略地理">戰略地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="旅游地理学">旅游地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E8%90%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="聚落地理学">聚落地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="城市地理学">城市地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="区域地理学">区域地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="交通运输地理学">交通运输地理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">动物地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岸地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coastal geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸地理學（页面不存在）">海岸地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coastal geography</span></a></span>）</span></span>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球系統科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth system science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系統科學（页面不存在）">地球系統科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science" class="extiw" title="en:Earth system science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth system science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耕作土壤學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edaphology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耕作土壤學（页面不存在）">耕作土壤學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edaphology" class="extiw" title="en:Edaphology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edaphology</span></a></span>）</span></span>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤地理学">土壤地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第四紀科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quaternary science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀科學（页面不存在）">第四紀科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_science" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quaternary science</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">綜合學科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">环境地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會科學">環境社會科學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="环境研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="環境研究">环境研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental studies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="時間地理學">時間地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="系統地理學">系統地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="地名学">地名学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="地誌學">地誌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="區域研究">區域研究</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學大綱#地理學的任務和工具" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of geography#Tasks and tools of geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">技術和工具</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography#Tasks_and_tools_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of geography#Tasks and tools of geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地理信息科学">地理信息科學</a>／<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地数学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geomathematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地数学（页面不存在）">地数学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomathematics" class="extiw" title="en:Geomathematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geomathematics</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质建模" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geologic modelling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质建模（页面不存在）">地质建模</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Geologic modelling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geologic modelling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="地理统计">地理统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地理信息系统">地理信息系统</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="地质年代学">地质年代学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球空间信息科学">地球空间信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95" title="摄影测量法">摄影测量法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="遥感">遥感</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地变化模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land change modeling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地变化模型（页面不存在）">土地变化模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_change_modeling" class="extiw" title="en:Land change modeling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land change modeling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">組織和機構</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:地理資料與資訊組織">地理数据與資訊組織</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學會列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of geographical societies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學會列表（页面不存在）">地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographical_societies" class="extiw" title="en:List of geographical societies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of geographical societies</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球科學組織列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of geoscience organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球科學組織列表（页面不存在）">地球科學學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geoscience_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of geoscience organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of geoscience organizations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國家測繪機構" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National mapping agency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%B8%AC%E7%B9%AA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家測繪機構（页面不存在）">國家測繪機構</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_mapping_agency" class="extiw" title="en:National mapping agency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National mapping agency</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國地理學協會">美國地理學協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="美国地理学家协会">美国地理学家协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國家地理學會">國家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="加拿大皇家地理學會">加拿大皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲地理協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Geography Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲地理協會（页面不存在）">歐洲地理協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Geography_Association" class="extiw" title="en:European Geography Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Geography Association</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="皇家地理學會">皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="皇家蘇格蘭地理學會">皇家蘇格蘭地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎地理學會">巴黎地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里斯本地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lisbon Geographic Society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里斯本地理學會（页面不存在）">里斯本地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Geographic_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Lisbon Geographic Society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lisbon Geographic Society</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="俄羅斯地理學會">俄羅斯地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC)" title="中国地理学会 (北京)">中華人民共和國地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="中国地理学会 (台北)">中華民國地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="香港地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hong Kong Geographical Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香港地理學會（页面不存在）">香港地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Geographical_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Hong Kong Geographical Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hong Kong Geographical Association</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙烏地地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saudi Geographical Society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙烏地地理學會（页面不存在）">沙特地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Geographical_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Saudi Geographical Society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saudi Geographical Society</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際地理聯合會">國際地理聯合會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性地理學家協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Society of Woman Geographers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性地理學家協會（页面不存在）">女性地理學家協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers" class="extiw" title="en:Society of Woman Geographers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Society of Woman Geographers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:地理教育">地理教育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理素養" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geo-literacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理素養（页面不存在）">地理素養</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-literacy" class="extiw" title="en:Geo-literacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geo-literacy</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B" title="國際地理奧林匹克">國際地理奧林匹克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空間公民權" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spatial citizenship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間公民權（页面不存在）">空間公民權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_citizenship" class="extiw" title="en:Spatial citizenship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spatial citizenship</span></a></span>）</span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" 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