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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-词源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>词源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不同地區的薩滿文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不同地區的薩滿文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>不同地區的薩滿文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-不同地區的薩滿文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关不同地區的薩滿文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-不同地區的薩滿文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蒙古" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蒙古"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>蒙古</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蒙古-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>朝鮮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">萨满教</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。96种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شامانية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شامانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شامانيه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شامانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismu" title="Xamanismu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xamanismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شامانیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شامانیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Шаманлыҡ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шаманлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aman%C4%97zmos" title="Šamanėzmos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šamanėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Шаманизъм – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шаманизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ওঝাবাদ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওঝাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanisme" title="Xamanisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xamanisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شەمەنیزم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەمەنیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismus" title="Šamanismus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šamanismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamanaeth" title="Siamanaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siamanaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σαμανισμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Camanismo" title="Ŝamanismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝamanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanismo" title="Chamanismo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chamanismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanism" title="Šamanism – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šamanism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شمن‌باوری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمن‌باوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismi" title="Šamanismi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šamanismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamanachas" title="Seamanachas – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seamanachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanism" title="Chamanism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chamanism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avapaje" title="Avapaje – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avapaje" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שמאניזם – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמאניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE" title="ओझा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओझा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1m%C3%A1nizmus" title="Sámánizmus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sámánizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շամանություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շամանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciamanesimo" title="Sciamanesimo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sciamanesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%96%93%E1%92%83%E1%91%AF%E1%96%85" title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="シャーマニズム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャーマニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бақсылық – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бақсылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="샤머니즘 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤머니즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманчылык – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шаманчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanismus" title="Samanismus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samanismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmas" title="Šamanizmas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šamanizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanisms" title="Šamanisms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šamanisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шаманизмась – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шаманизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanisma" title="Samanisma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Samanisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шаманизам – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шаманизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Бөө мөргөл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөө мөргөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepawangan" title="Kepawangan – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepawangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="धामीझाँक्री – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धामीझाँक्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmu" title="Šamanizmu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Šamanizmu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamanizm" title="Szamanizm – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szamanizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="شمن باوري – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شمن باوري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paqu_yachaq" title="Paqu yachaq – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paqu yachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98amanism" title="Șamanism – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șamanism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманизм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаманизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmus" title="Šamanizmus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šamanizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizem" title="Šamanizem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šamanizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanizmi" title="Shamanizmi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shamanizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanism" title="Schamanism – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schamanism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஷாமன் மதம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஷாமன் மதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="షామానిజం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షామానిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เชมัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanismo" title="Shamanismo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shamanismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманлык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шаманлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Хамнаашкын – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хамнаашкын" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="شامان دىنى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شامان دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شمن پرستی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمن پرستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomonlik" title="Shomonlik – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shomonlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaman_gi%C3%A1o" title="Shaman giáo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shaman giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanismo" title="Shamanismo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shamanismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨满教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שאמאניזם – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאמאניזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat-bo%C3%A1n-k%C3%A0u" title="Sat-boán-kàu – 闽南语" lang="nan" 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hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42042" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/220px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg/330px-SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="哈卡斯人">哈卡斯</a>薩滿</figcaption></figure> <p><b>薩滿信仰</b>是分布于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="北亞">北亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫覡宗教</a>。薩滿信仰中的萨满被认为是掌握神秘知识，有能力進入「人神」狀態的人，有着<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E8%A8%80" title="预言">预言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%97" class="mw-redirect" title="治疗">治疗</a>，與屬靈世界溝通，以及旅行到屬靈世界的能力。薩滿會作为一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="巫医">巫医</a>、术士、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%B1%E9%AD%94%E5%B8%88" title="驱魔师">驱魔师</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="占卜師">占卜师</a>、亡灵巫师或灵魂行者。 </p><p>被歸類為「薩滿」的信仰和實踐引起了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="人類學">人類學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="考古學">考古學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="歷史學">歷史學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教學">宗教學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="哲學">哲學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="心理學">心理學</a>等各種專業的學者的興趣。關於這個主題的數百本書籍和學術論文已經出版，<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">還有一本經過<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%A9%95%E5%AF%A9" title="同行評審">同行評審</a>的學術期刊專門研究薩滿教。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在20世紀，參與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="反文化">反文化</a>運動的非<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97" class="mw-redirect" title="土著">土著</a>西方人士──如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%89%E7%9A%AE%E5%A3%AB" title="嬉皮士">嬉皮士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新時代運動者</a>，創建了受他們對不同<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土著宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indigenous religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土著宗教（页面不存在）">土著宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Indigenous religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indigenous religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>的理念影響的現代<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="魔法宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magic and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魔法宗教（页面不存在）">魔法宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Magic and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magic and religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>實踐，形成了所謂的新薩滿教或新薩滿運動<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這影響了許多<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%95%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="新異教">新異教</a>實踐的發展，同時也被指控為<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%8C%AA%E7%94%A8" title="文化挪用">文化挪用</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9D%E5%89%8A" title="剝削">剝削</a>和誤導<sup id="cite_ref-Waveland_Press_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waveland_Press-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="词源"><span id=".E8.AF.8D.E6.BA.90"></span>词源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：词源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>“萨满”一词可能来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="满语">滿语</a>及其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="通古斯语系">通古斯语系</a>语言<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="满语">满语</a>为<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76324713">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}</style><span class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; writing-mode: vertical-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠰᠠᠮᠠᠨ</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="满文转写方案">穆麟德转写</a>：saman），<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="蒙古人">蒙古人</a>稱為“孛額”（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="蒙古语">蒙古语</a>：<span lang="mn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r76324713"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; writing-mode: vertical-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠪᠥᠬᠡ</span></span>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%9F%B9%E6%B0%8F%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="鲍培氏转写">鲍培转写</a>：<i><span title="鲍培转写"><span lang="mn-latn">böge</span></span></i>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="蒙古语西里尔字母">西里尔字母</a>：<span title="蒙古语西里尔字母写法"><span lang="mn-cyrl">бөө</span></span>），历史上如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%B4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="回紇">回紇</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9F%E7%BE%BD%E5%8F%AF%E6%B1%97" title="牟羽可汗">牟羽可汗</a>，其名亦来自该词轉音。至于这个词的来源，学术界众说纷纭，中国<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="苏州大学">苏州大学</a>研究<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比较文化学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Comparative cultural studies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比较文化学（页面不存在）">比较文化学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_cultural_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative cultural studies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparative cultural studies</span></a></span>）</span></span>的方汉文教授等人认为“萨满”来自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AF%AD" title="梵语">梵语</a>“sramana（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="沙门">沙门</a>）”，并可能是通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>被借入通古斯语言中<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%98%A5%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="长春理工大学">长春理工大学</a>学者姜馨等人则认为这个词是通古斯语言的本土词，和动词“sa-mbi（知道）”的词根同源，是“智者”、“晓彻”的意思，且意指有能力進入入神狀態，並能與神溝通之人<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>一般認為，薩滿（Shaman）一詞於17世紀由荷蘭人E. Ysbrants Ides和Adam Brand經俄羅斯傳入歐洲，而1698年出版於阿姆特丹的Driejaarige Reize naar China就寫有薩滿相關的資料<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>萨满信仰的出現早于任何有组织的宗教，可以追溯至<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="新石器时代">新石器时代</a>，帶有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a>的色彩，萨满（巫師）通过一系列的原始舞蹈，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A2%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="肢体语言">肢体语言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%92%E8%AF%AD" title="咒语">咒語</a>、歌诀、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E7%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火祭（页面不存在）">火祭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="血祭">血祭</a>，以及专用的神灵沟通器具来进行与萨满信仰的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="神靈">神靈</a>进行沟通。萨满信仰仪式在草原<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a>中，一直扮演着「通天巫」的角色，并参与多种<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9" title="祭天">祭天</a>活动。萨满信仰认为，天地生灵都是有沟通的可能的，通过萨满的各种仪式活动，能够与某些生灵，特别是与有修为者进行聯絡，从而到达问卜、医疗、趨吉避凶，甚至控制天气的目的。 </p><p>薩滿歷史上曾出现于<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="窩瓦河">伏爾加河流域</a>的各個民族，以及北欧<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="芬兰人">芬蘭人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="愛沙尼亞人">愛沙尼亞人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="薩米人">薩米人</a>居住的地區，但這些在欧洲被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%AE%E6%97%8F" title="蛮族">蛮族</a>信仰、神秘<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93" title="巫術">巫術</a>，歷史上一直與猶太人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督宗教">基督宗教</a>互相抗衡。目前，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="滿族">滿族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E6%BA%AB%E5%85%8B%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂溫克族">鄂溫克族</a>生活地区、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="朝鮮 (地區)">朝鮮</a>等地仍保有萨满信仰<sup id="cite_ref-qdgt_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qdgt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中國東北">东北</a>的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%B3%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E" title="跳大神">跳大神</a>”便是萨满信仰的一種儀式。萨满信仰亦盛行于北欧、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E7%93%A6%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="窩瓦河">伏爾加河流域</a>地區、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西伯利亞">西伯利亞</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E7%AC%AC%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="印第安">印第安</a>原住民社群。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="不同地區的薩滿文化"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.90.8C.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80.E7.9A.84.E8.96.A9.E6.BB.BF.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>不同地區的薩滿文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：不同地區的薩滿文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>萨满信仰在中国的传统始于史前时代，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%BF%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="滿族人">滿族人</a>的先祖<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="女真人">女真人</a>至公元11世纪時也保持着萨满信仰<sup id="cite_ref-qdgt_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qdgt-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。萨满信仰於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代">清代</a>以前便在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中国东北">中国东北地區</a>盛行，並與<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a>的传统结合起来。薩滿信仰（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏人</a>稱之為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>）在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="藏區">西藏</a>屬於藏人的原始信仰，在早期居於絕對優勢地位，擁有參政、議政之權，其勢力甚大、信徒甚眾。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>軍隊出征時，也往往會有<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="萨满">萨满</a>作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E8%BB%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="隨軍法師">隨軍法師</a>，藉<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93" title="巫術">巫術</a>提振吐蕃軍的士氣。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E6%9D%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%8A" title="赤松德贊">赤松德贊</a>繼位之後，為了加強王權，大力扶持<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>勢力，將佛教確立為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>並打壓苯教。赤松德贊這一政策遭到眾多大臣的反抗，但都以失敗告終。此後的數代<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%99%AE" title="赞普">贊普</a>都延續了這一政策，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%BE%E8%B4%8A" title="赤德松贊">赤德松贊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%A5%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%8A" title="赤祖德贊">赤祖德贊</a>在位期間，為抑制<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%88%9A" title="外戚">外戚</a>及貴族勢力，更在<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8A%A1%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="政务九大臣">政務九大臣</a>之上新設「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%A7%E7%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="僧相（页面不存在）">僧相</a>」一職，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%98%C2%B7%E5%AE%9A%E5%9F%83%E5%A2%9E" title="娘·定埃增">娘·定埃增</a>擔任，將佛教<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BE%B6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="僧侶">僧侶</a>地位置於世俗<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B6%E5%B1%82" title="西藏社会阶层">貴族</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%BA_(%E5%90%90%E8%95%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="大论 (吐蕃)">大論</a>之上。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>強制推廣下，對苯教的打擊變本加厲，使不少苯教信眾逃避到<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="阿里地区">阿里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a>等偏遠於<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="烏斯藏">烏斯藏</a>的地區。為了生存，苯教全面<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教化（页面不存在）">佛教化</a>，供奉佛教的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" title="明王">明王</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%A6%83" title="明妃">明妃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B" title="金剛">金剛</a>等，改穿紅色、黃色的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%88%E8%A3%9F" title="袈裟">袈裟</a>，不再長髮披肩，跟佛教<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" title="比丘">比丘</a>一樣<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%83%E9%AB%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="剃髮">剃髮</a>，成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="藏密">藏密</a>的一支，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">但保留了一些教義和儀式規則（例如朝塔時以反方向進行，一般佛教徒以順時針方向進行），例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>各派的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E4%BD%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="活佛">活佛</a>常常以<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E6%AF%95%E5%8B%92%E7%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="呼毕勒罕">轉世靈童</a>傳承，苯教則是以宗教考試取得最高的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="法王">法王</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%87" title="仁波切">仁波切</a>的地位。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於薩滿受到来自佛教勢力的打壓，西藏薩滿信仰全面佛教化，並與<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>结合。原始萨满信仰与<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="藏传佛教">藏传佛教</a>结合的宗教形式，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a>後期和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="清代">清代</a>被制度化，並被<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E9%87%91" title="后金">后金</a>定为国教。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%80%80%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="宣統退位">清帝退位</a>后的一个世纪裏，萨满教在中国几乎消声匿迹，但是現今在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="北京故宫">北京故宫</a>仍存有当年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>皇族举行祭仪的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E5%AD%90" title="堂子">堂子</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A4%E5%AE%81%E5%AE%AB" title="坤宁宫">坤宁宫</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蒙古"><span id=".E8.92.99.E5.8F.A4"></span>蒙古</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：蒙古"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙古薩滿信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mongolian shamanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古薩滿信仰（页面不存在）">蒙古薩滿信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" class="extiw" title="en:Mongolian shamanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mongolian shamanism</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西伯利亞薩滿信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shamanism in Siberia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伯利亞薩滿信仰（页面不存在）">西伯利亞薩滿信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" class="extiw" title="en:Shamanism in Siberia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shamanism in Siberia</span></a></span>）</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="朝鮮"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE"></span>朝鮮</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：朝鮮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮薩滿教">朝鮮薩滿教</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫覡宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%B7%AB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮巫教">朝鮮巫教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E9%BB%91%E6%95%99%E9%9D%A9%E6%96%B0%E6%B4%BE" title="密宗黑教革新派">密宗黑教革新派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="藏傳密宗">藏傳密宗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲薩滿信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shamanism in Europe"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲薩滿信仰（页面不存在）">歐洲薩滿信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism_in_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:Shamanism in Europe"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shamanism in Europe</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gredig, Florian. Finding New Cosmologies. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft.aulast=Gredig&rft.btitle=Finding+New+Cosmologies&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag+Dr.+W.+Hopf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waveland_Press-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waveland_Press_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kehoe, Alice Beck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shamansreligiona0000keho">Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking</a>. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press. 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-57766-162-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-57766-162-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-57766-162-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=Alice+Beck&rft.aulast=Kehoe&rft.btitle=Shamans+and+religion+%3A+an+anthropological+exploration+in+critical+thinking&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-57766-162-7&rft.place=Prospect+Heights%2C+Ill.&rft.pub=Waveland+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshamansreligiona0000keho&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">郭淑云. "萨满"词源与词义考析[J]. 西北民族研究, 2007(01):158-163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">王世军, 周玲. "萨满"词义辨析[J]. 长春大学学报, 2008, 18(11):3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《御制增订清文鉴》(1771) 乾隆帝敕傅恒撰武英殿刻本</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">方汉文. 萨满,羡门与沙门:佛教入华时间新释[J]. 中国文化研究, 2004(1):125-133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">姜馨. 中国北方萨满文化哲学思想透视[C]// 2013年中国少数民族哲学及社会思想史学会年会中国石油大学(华东)60周年校庆学术研讨会. 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Laufer, Berthold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/660223">Origin of the Word Shaman</a>. American Anthropologist. 1917, <b>19</b> (3) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-24</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7294"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 0002-7294</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240108190830/https://www.jstor.org/stable/660223">存档</a>于2024-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Word+Shaman&rft.aufirst=Berthold&rft.aulast=Laufer&rft.date=1917&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0002-7294&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.volume=19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F660223&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qdgt-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-qdgt_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-qdgt_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">（美）罗友枝（周卫平译）. 清代宫廷社会史. 北京: 中国人民大学出版社. 2009: 283–284. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-300-10306-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-300-10306-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-300-10306-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&rft.au=%EF%BC%88%E7%BE%8E%EF%BC%89%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%8B%E6%9E%9D+%EF%BC%88%E5%91%A8%E5%8D%AB%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%89&rft.btitle=%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%AB%E5%BB%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-300-10306-8&rft.pages=283-284&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading 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title="s:zh:中华人民共和国教育法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教事务条例（页面不存在）">宗教事务条例</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国宗教事务条例">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教渗透（页面不存在）">反渗透</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="中国基督教">基督教</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">独立自主自办教会原则</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关部门</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="寺庙法制教育（页面不存在）">寺庙法制教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教"><b>南传佛教</b></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="中国伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国伊斯兰教协会">中国伊斯兰教协会</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E8%A7%90_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="朝觐 (伊斯兰教)">团体朝觐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E5%AE%A6" title="门宦">门宦制度</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼卡（页面不存在）">尼卡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E7%AB%8B%E7%94%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔立甫（页面不存在）">塔立甫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E8%A7%A3%E7%BB%8F%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国伊斯兰教解经工作（页面不存在）">解经工作</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%E5%8D%A7%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新编卧尔兹演讲集（页面不存在）">新编卧尔兹演讲集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA" title="Category:中国清真寺">清真寺</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%A5%B3%E5%AF%BA" title="清真女寺">清真女寺</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:中国伊斯兰教院校（页面不存在）">院校</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="中国天主教">天主教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>一会一团：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教爱国会">中国天主教爱国会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%98" title="中國天主教主教團">中國天主教主教團</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E2%80%94%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%B2%A1%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" title="中華人民共和國—梵蒂岡關係">中梵关系</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E4%BB%BB%E6%9D%83%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89" title="叙任权斗争">叙任权斗争</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E9%81%B8%E8%87%AA%E8%81%96%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國自選自聖主教列表">自选自圣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">地上教会</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国天主教地下教会">地下教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA_(%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99)" title="中華殉道聖人 (天主教)">中华殉道圣人</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教教区列表">教区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E8%AA%8D%E5%8F%AF%E4%B9%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聖座認可之中國大陸主教列表">主教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国天主教堂">圣堂</a><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国天主教堂列表">列表</a></small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%BF%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BD%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="佘山进教之佑圣母大殿">宗座圣殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国天主教主教座堂">主教座堂</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E9%99%A2" title="Category:中国天主教修院">修院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%9C%9D%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国天主教圣母朝圣地（页面不存在）">圣母朝圣地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%97%BE%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A0%82" title="东闾中华圣母堂">河北东闾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%98%E5%B1%B1%E8%BF%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E4%BD%91%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="佘山进教之佑圣母大殿">上海佘山</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="中国基督教新教">基督新教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="两会 (消歧义)">两会</a>”：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会">全国三自</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教协会">中国基督教协会</a></b><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="爱德基金会">爱德基金会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="南京爱德印刷有限公司">爱德印刷公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="金陵协和神学院">金陵协和神学院</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">三自教会</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">地下教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="中國自立教會">中国自立教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="真耶稣教会">真耶稣教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="安息日会在中国">安息日会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="三自宣言">《三自宣言》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%AE%E5%A0%82%E7%8C%AE%E5%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="献堂献庙（页面不存在）">献堂献庙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合礼拜（页面不存在）">联合礼拜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="控诉运动">控诉运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%97%EF%BC%88%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%EF%BC%89" title="赞美诗（新编）">《赞美诗（新编）》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国基督教神学思想建设（页面不存在）">神学思想建设</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国新教教堂">教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="Category:中国基督教新教神学院校">神学院校</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非全国性<br />合法宗教<br />及其团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">东正教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中华东正教会">中华东正教会</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑龙江东正教（页面不存在）">黑龙江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="哈尔滨东正教">哈尔滨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内蒙古东正教（页面不存在）">内蒙古</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新疆东正教（页面不存在）">新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京东正教（页面不存在）">北京</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海东正教（页面不存在）">上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%8A%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="正教會普世宗主教聖統香港及東南亞都主教教區">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99)" title="中華殉道聖人 (東正教)">中华殉道圣人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">少数民族<br />传统宗教及信仰</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">萨满教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%8E%9B%E6%95%99" title="赛玛教">赛玛教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E6%97%8F" title="佤族">佤族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="毕摩教">毕摩教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族">彝族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">东巴教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="纳西族">纳西族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99" title="师公教">师公教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BD%E6%95%99" title="麽教">麽教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">摩教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F" title="布依族">布依族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="羌族傳統信仰">羌族传统信仰</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="瑶族道教">瑶族道教</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苗族传统信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Miao folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苗族传统信仰（页面不存在）">苗族传统信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Miao folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Miao folk religion</span></a></span>）</span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F" title="苗族">苗族</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">汉族传统宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="孔教">孔教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="香港孔教學院">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳門孔教會（页面不存在）">澳門</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%AD%94%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="深圳孔聖堂（页面不存在）">深圳</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莆田市三一教协会（页面不存在）">福建</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他信仰<br />及其组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國傳統宗法性宗教">中國傳統宗法性宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="中國祕密宗教">中國祕密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國大陸神社列表">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩门教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国印度教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hinduism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国印度教（页面不存在）">中国印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Hinduism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hinduism in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国锡克教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sikhism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国锡克教（页面不存在）">中国锡克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Sikhism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sikhism in China</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非法教派<br />或团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="行政认定的邪教" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">行政认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%96%E9%81%93" title="附佛外道">相关</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95%E9%96%80_(%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="觀音法門 (新興宗教)">觀音法門</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" title="圆顿法门">圆顿法门</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E5%AE%97" title="真佛宗">灵仙真佛宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="心灵法门">心灵法门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%96%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="呼喊派">呼喊派</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="地方召會運動">地方召會運動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%89%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%AB%99" title="中华大陆行政执事站">中华大陆行政执事站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%83%BD%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="全能神教會">全能神教會/东方闪电</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%AB%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="被立王">被立王</a>及其派生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="主神教">主神教</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%B5%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="三赎基督">门徒会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BE" title="重生派">全范围教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%81%B5%E6%95%99" title="灵灵教">灵灵教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新約教會">新约教会</a>（派生：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5" title="血水圣灵">血水圣灵</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="統一教">統一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%8F%AD%E4%BB%86%E4%BA%BA" title="三班仆人">三班仆人派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="家庭國際">天父的儿女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="达米宣教会">达米宣教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="世界以利亚福音宣教会">世界以利亚福音宣教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">法院认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门（华藏功）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="银河联邦">银河联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A6%85%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生命禅院（页面不存在）">生命禅院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="净空法师">净宗学会</a></li> <li>部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">基督教家庭教會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氣功">氣功</a>团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%9B%8A%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9F" title="中华养生益智功">中功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link 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