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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Katia and Maurice Krafft</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg/220px-KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg/330px-KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg/440px-KatiaMauriceKrafft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="306" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Catherine Joséphine Conrad (Katia) <br /> Maurice Paul Krafft (Maurice)</div><br />April 17, 1942 (Katia),<br />March 25, 1946 (Maurice)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 3, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-06-03)</span> (aged 49) (Katia)<br /><span class="nowrap">June 3, 1991<span style="display:none">(1991-06-03)</span> (aged 45) (Maurice)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Kitakamikobamachi (Near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Unzen" title="Mount Unzen">Mount Unzen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shimabara,_Nagasaki" title="Shimabara, Nagasaki">Shimabara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Prefecture" title="Nagasaki Prefecture">Nagasaki</a>, Japan <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&params=32_45_09.5_N_130_20_14.1_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°45′09.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">130°20′14.1″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.752639°N 130.337250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.752639; 130.337250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Killed by <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic flow</a> during the 1991 eruption of <a href="/wiki/Mt._Unzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt. Unzen">Mt. Unzen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Catherine Joséphine "Katia" Krafft</b> (née <b>Conrad</b>; 17 April 1942 – 3 June 1991) and her husband, <b>Maurice Paul Krafft</b> (25 March 1946 – 3 June 1991) were French <a href="/wiki/Volcanology" title="Volcanology">volcanologists</a> and filmmakers who died in a <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic flow</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Unzen" title="Mount Unzen">Mount Unzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_Prefecture" title="Nagasaki Prefecture"> Nagasaki</a>, Japan, on 3 June 1991. The Kraffts became well known as pioneers in the filming, photographing, and recording of volcanoes, often coming within feet of <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava flows</a>. Their obituary appeared in the <i>Bulletin of Volcanology</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since their deaths, their work has been featured in two documentary films by <a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Into_the_Inferno_(film)" title="Into the Inferno (film)">Into the Inferno</a></i> (2016) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fire_Within:_A_Requiem_for_Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft" title="The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft">The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft</a></i> (2022), and a further film, <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_of_Love_(2022_film)" title="Fire of Love (2022 film)">Fire of Love</a></i> (2022), depicted their lives, relationship and careers using their archived footage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katia">Katia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Katia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Katia Conrad was born on 17 April 1942 in <a href="/wiki/Guebwiller" title="Guebwiller">Guebwiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, to Charles and Madeleine Conrad.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg" title="University of Strasbourg">University of Strasbourg</a> with degrees in physics and chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maurice">Maurice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maurice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maurice Krafft was born on 25 March 1946 in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He first became interested in volcanoes during a family holiday to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stromboli" title="Stromboli">Stromboli</a> when he was seven years old.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_g%C3%A9ologique_de_France" title="Société géologique de France">Société géologique de France</a> when he was 15, and went on to study geology, first at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="University of Franche-Comté">University of Besançon</a>, and later at the University of Strasbourg.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Together">Together</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Together"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two met while students at the University of Strasbourg, and married in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple honeymooned at Stromboli, where they photographed its near-continuous eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognising the public interest in the documentation of volcanic eruptions, they began to make a career of filming them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kraffts were often the first to arrive at the scene of an active volcano, and became well known in the volcanologist community.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their footage of the effects of volcanic eruptions on the surrounding areas often played a considerable part in gaining the cooperation of local authorities faced with volcanic threats. Following the onset of activity at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" title="Mount Pinatubo">Mount Pinatubo</a> in the Philippines in 1991, the Kraffts' footage of the impact of the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> <a href="/wiki/Lahar" title="Lahar">lahar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, which had caused the <a href="/wiki/Armero_tragedy" title="Armero tragedy">Armero tragedy</a>, was shown to large numbers of people, including the country's then-president, <a href="/wiki/Belisario_Betancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Belisario Betancourt">Belisario Betancourt</a>, and was attributed to convincing a number of sceptics that an evacuation of the area was necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Katia started her career by taking gas samples of volcanoes and documenting eruptions by observing them in person, writing books on her findings to fund her trips; her books pioneered a new area of volcanic coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kraffts' close-up footage of volcanic eruptions has been attributed to enhancing geologists' understanding and knowledge of the topic, while Katia has been cited as a pioneer in the field of female volcanologists.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to their observations, the Kraffts also took measures, gas readings, and samples, often feet away from pyroclastic and lava flows, and documented how the eruptions affected the local ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kraffts documented the formation of new volcanoes, in addition to the effects of <a href="/wiki/Acid_rain" title="Acid rain">acid rain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">ash clouds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the Kraffts documented various volcanoes and volcanic eruptions; often Maurice would film them while Katia took photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the Kraffts featured in "The Volcano Watchers", an episode in the sixth season of the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_program)" title="Nature (TV program)">Nature</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the Kraffts' final projects was "Understanding Volcanic Hazards and Reducing Volcanic Risks", in which they produced informational films and educational materials on the science of volcanic eruptions and the need of evacuations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mount_Unzen_eruption_and_deaths">Mount Unzen eruption and deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mount Unzen eruption and deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mount_Unzen#1991_eruption" title="Mount Unzen">Mount Unzen § 1991 eruption</a></div> <p>On 3 June 1991 at 4pm local time, Mount Unzen erupted, forming <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flows" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyroclastic flows">pyroclastic flows</a> that rushed down its slopes, killing 41 people including the Kraffts, as well as their fellow volcanologist <a href="/wiki/Harry_Glicken" title="Harry Glicken">Harry Glicken</a>, who had accompanied them to observe the eruption. On 5 June 1991, the bodies of the Kraffts and Glicken were recovered. Katia and Maurice were found near their rental car, lying side by side under a layer of pyroclastic ash; Glicken's body was located nearby. The bodies were burned beyond recognition and were identified using personal items, including Maurice's watch and camera. The bodies' position suggested that Glicken had attempted to flee from the flow, while the Kraffts had remained where they were. Material they filmed of the approaching flow was destroyed by the volcanic heat.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remains of the Kraffts were cremated during a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> funeral service, and were placed at the Anyo-ji Shrine in <a href="/wiki/Shimabara,_Nagasaki" title="Shimabara, Nagasaki">Shimabara</a>, which was dedicated to the victims of the <a href="/wiki/1792_Unzen_earthquake_and_tsunami" class="mw-redirect" title="1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami">1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their ashes were subsequently interred at Katia's family plot in France.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his death, Maurice was quoted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i> as stating that he wanted to die pursuing his work "at the edge of a volcano."<sup id="cite_ref-apnews_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A volcanic crater, <i>M. and K. Krafft Crater</i>, on the <a href="/wiki/Piton_de_la_Fournaise" title="Piton de la Fournaise">Piton de la Fournaise</a> volcano in <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, France, is named after the couple. The crater is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&params=21_13_23_S_55_43_2_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">21°13′23″S</span> <span class="longitude">55°43′2″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">21.22306°S 55.71722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-21.22306; 55.71722</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-CraterLoc_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CraterLoc-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lava erupted from this crater in March 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalFournaise_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalFournaise-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Volcanology_and_Chemistry_of_the_Earth%27s_Interior#Krafft_medal" title="International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior">Krafft Medal</a> honours the Kraffts' memory and is awarded every four years by the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Volcanology_and_Chemistry_of_the_Earth%27s_Interior" title="International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior">International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior</a> to someone who has made significant contributions to volcanology through service to communities affected by volcanic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Centre for the Study of Active Volcanoes at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_Hilo" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo">University of Hawai'i at Hilo</a> established a fund remembering the Kraffts, the Maurice and Katia Krafft Memorial Fund. Donations are directed to educate people in countries of high volcanic risk about the hazards active volcanoes pose.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Maurice Krafft</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Guide des volcans d’Europe : généralités, France, Islande, Italie, Grèce, Allemagne...</i>, <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1974, 412 pages.</li> <li><i>Questions à un volcanologue : Maurice Krafft répond</i>, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 231 pages.</li> <li><i>Les Volcans et leurs secrets</i>, Paris: Nathan, 1984, 63 pages.</li> <li><i>Le Monde merveilleux des volcans</i>, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1981, 58 pages.</li> <li><i>Les Feux de la Terre : Histoire de volcans</i>, collection « <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="Découvertes Gallimard">Découvertes Gallimard</a> » (nº 113), série Sciences et techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1991 (new edition in 2003<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), 208 pages. <ul><li><i>Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth</i>, "<a href="/wiki/List_of_English-translated_volumes_of_D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="List of English-translated volumes of Découvertes Gallimard">Abrams Discoveries</a>" series, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993.</li> <li><i>Volcanoes: Fire from the Earth</i>, '<a href="/wiki/List_of_English-translated_volumes_of_D%C3%A9couvertes_Gallimard" title="List of English-translated volumes of Découvertes Gallimard">New Horizons</a>' series, London: Thames & Hudson, 1993.</li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Maurice and Katia Krafft</b> </p> <ul><li><i>À l’assaut des volcans, Islande, Indonésie</i>, Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1975, 112 pages.</li> <li>Preface by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Eugène Ionesco</a>, <i>Les Volcans</i>, Paris: Draeger-Vilo, 1975, 174 pages.</li> <li><i>La Fournaise, volcan actif de l’île de la Réunion</i>, Saint-Denis: Éditions Roland Benard, 1977, 121 pages.</li> <li><i>Volcans, le réveil de la Terre</i>, Paris: Hachette-Réalités, 1979, 158 pages.</li> <li><i>Dans l’antre du Diable : volcans d’Afrique, Canaries et Réunion</i>, Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1981, 124 pages.</li> <li><i>Volcans et tremblements de terre</i>, Paris: Les Deux Coqs d’Or, 1982, 78 pages.</li> <li><i>Volcans et dérives des continents</i>, Paris: Hachette, 1984, 157 pages.</li> <li><i>Les plus beaux volcans, d’Alaska en Antarctique et Hawaï</i>, Paris: Solar, 1985, 88 pages.</li> <li><i>Volcans et éruptions</i>, Paris: Hachette-Jeunesse, 1985, 90 pp.</li> <li><i>Les Volcans du monde</i>, <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>-Lausanne: Éditions Mondo, 1986, 152 pages.</li> <li><i>Objectif volcans</i>, Paris: Nathan Image, 1986, 154 pp.</li> <li><i>Führer zu den Virunga Vulkanen</i>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>: F. Enke, 1990, 187 pages.</li></ul> <p><b>Maurice Krafft and Roland Benard</b> </p> <ul><li>Au cœur de la Fournaise, <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>: Éditions Nourault-Bénard, 1986, 220 pages.</li></ul> <p><b>Maurice Krafft, Katia Krafft and François-Dominique de Larouzière</b> </p> <ul><li><i>Guide des volcans d'Europe et des Canaries</i>, Neuchâtel: Delachaux et Niestlé, 1991, 455 pages.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeller1992" class="citation journal cs1">Keller, Jorg (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00569946">"Memorial for Katja and Maurice Krafft"</a>. <i>Bulletin of Volcanology</i>. <b>54</b> (7): 613–614. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992BVol...54..613K">1992BVol...54..613K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00569946">10.1007/BF00569946</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131393462">131393462</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Volcanology&rft.atitle=Memorial+for+Katja+and+Maurice+Krafft&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=613-614&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131393462%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00569946&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992BVol...54..613K&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Jorg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252FBF00569946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/08/10/katia-and-maurice-krafft-were-devoted-to-volcanoes-and-each-other">"Katia and Maurice Krafft were devoted to volcanoes—and each other"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 10 August 2022. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114204019/https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/08/10/katia-and-maurice-krafft-were-devoted-to-volcanoes-and-each-other">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Katia+and+Maurice+Krafft+were+devoted+to+volcanoes%E2%80%94and+each+other&rft.date=2022-08-10&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fculture%2F2022%2F08%2F10%2Fkatia-and-maurice-krafft-were-devoted-to-volcanoes-and-each-other&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagot2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ragot, Mathilde (16 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geo.fr/environnement/fire-of-love-ou-la-passion-brulante-et-tragique-de-maurice-et-katia-krafft-volcanologues-francais-210954">"Qui étaient Katia et Maurice Krafft, le célèbre couple de volcanologues?"</a>. <i>Geo</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114204019/https://www.geo.fr/environnement/fire-of-love-ou-la-passion-brulante-et-tragique-de-maurice-et-katia-krafft-volcanologues-francais-210954">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geo&rft.atitle=Qui+%C3%A9taient+Katia+et+Maurice+Krafft%2C+le+c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre+couple+de+volcanologues%3F&rft.date=2022-09-16&rft.aulast=Ragot&rft.aufirst=Mathilde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geo.fr%2Fenvironnement%2Ffire-of-love-ou-la-passion-brulante-et-tragique-de-maurice-et-katia-krafft-volcanologues-francais-210954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrierson2022" class="citation web cs1">Grierson, Tom (9 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fire-of-love-katia-and-maurice-krafft-sara-dosa">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Fire of Love' is a tribute to a married couple's fatal love affair with volcanoes"</a>. <i>MEL Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114204020/https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/fire-of-love-katia-and-maurice-krafft-sara-dosa">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEL+Magazine&rft.atitle=%27Fire+of+Love%27+is+a+tribute+to+a+married+couple%27s+fatal+love+affair+with+volcanoes&rft.date=2022-07-09&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmelmagazine.com%2Fen-us%2Fstory%2Ffire-of-love-katia-and-maurice-krafft-sara-dosa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinard_Hinga2015" class="citation book cs1">Rinard Hinga, Bethany D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ring+of+fire%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+the+Pacific+Rim%27s+earthquakes%2C+tsumanis%2C+and+volcanoes&rft.place=Santa+Barbara&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F881400810&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-296-0&rft.aulast=Rinard+Hinga&rft.aufirst=Bethany+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F881400810&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlasser2022" class="citation web cs1">Glasser, Joyce (3 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maturetimes.co.uk/katia-and-maurice-kraffts-marriage-was-fuelled-and-consumed-by-the-heat-of-volcanoes/">"Katia and Maurice Krafft's marriage was fuelled and consumed by the heat of volcanoes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mature_Times" title="Mature Times">Mature Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817230140/https://www.maturetimes.co.uk/katia-and-maurice-kraffts-marriage-was-fuelled-and-consumed-by-the-heat-of-volcanoes/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mature+Times&rft.atitle=Katia+and+Maurice+Krafft%27s+marriage+was+fuelled+and+consumed+by+the+heat+of+volcanoes&rft.date=2022-08-03&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maturetimes.co.uk%2Fkatia-and-maurice-kraffts-marriage-was-fuelled-and-consumed-by-the-heat-of-volcanoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahr2022" class="citation web cs1">Bahr, Lindsey (5 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-fires-volcanoes-werner-herzog-20d02f19904e1b326148add52b41721a">"A celebrity volcanologist couple spotlighted in new doc"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727221826/https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-fires-volcanoes-werner-herzog-20d02f19904e1b326148add52b41721a">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=A+celebrity+volcanologist+couple+spotlighted+in+new+doc&rft.date=2022-07-05&rft.aulast=Bahr&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fentertainment-fires-volcanoes-werner-herzog-20d02f19904e1b326148add52b41721a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewhallSolidum2017" class="citation book cs1">Newhall, Chris; Solidum, Renato U. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=She+fell+in+love+with+the+majesty+of+volcanoes%E2%80%94and+changed+how+science+sees+them&rft.date=2023-01-09&rft.aulast=Wei-Haas&rft.aufirst=Maya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Ffire-of-love-documentary-volcano-volcanologist-katia-krafft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerndon2022" class="citation web cs1">Herndon, Jaime (9 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanscientist.org/blog/science-culture/a-burning-passion">"A burning passion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Scientist" title="American Scientist">American Scientist</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212222431/https://www.americanscientist.org/blog/science-culture/a-burning-passion">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=A+burning+passion&rft.date=2022-12-09&rft.aulast=Herndon&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanscientist.org%2Fblog%2Fscience-culture%2Fa-burning-passion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnotofsky2016" class="citation book cs1">Ignotofsky, Rachel (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/928479964"><i>Women in science: 50 fearless pioneers who changed the world</i></a> (1st ed.). New York City: Clarkson Potter. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60774-976-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60774-976-9"><bdi>978-1-60774-976-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928479964">928479964</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122170110/https://www.worldcat.org/title/928479964">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+science%3A+50+fearless+pioneers+who+changed+the+world&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Clarkson+Potter&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928479964&rft.isbn=978-1-60774-976-9&rft.aulast=Ignotofsky&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F928479964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrafftKrafftKellyHeeley1990" class="citation episode cs1">Krafft, Maurice; Krafft, Katia; Kelly, Ned; Heeley, David; Page, George (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/22606418">"The volcano watchers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(TV_program)" title="Nature (TV program)"><i>Nature</i></a>. British Broadcasting Corporation, PBS Home Video, Pacific Arts Video.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nature&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Krafft&rft.aufirst=Maurice&rft.au=Krafft%2C+Katia&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Ned&rft.au=Heeley%2C+David&rft.au=Page%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F22606418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoloney2022" class="citation web cs1">Moloney, Sarah (29 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://union.fsu.edu/movies/blog/FireOfLove">"Fire of Love: volcanic passion"</a>. <i>FSU Student Union</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114204019/https://union.fsu.edu/movies/blog/FireOfLove">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FSU+Student+Union&rft.atitle=Fire+of+Love%3A+volcanic+passion&rft.date=2022-11-29&rft.aulast=Moloney&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funion.fsu.edu%2Fmovies%2Fblog%2FFireOfLove&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apnews-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apnews_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apnews_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalmadge1991" class="citation news cs1">Talmadge, E (June 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/dec80c065dcb59f2e77c3193daeb7264">"Charred Remains Identified as Those of Missing American, French Couple"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207034020/https://apnews.com/article/dec80c065dcb59f2e77c3193daeb7264">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Charred+Remains+Identified+as+Those+of+Missing+American%2C+French+Couple&rft.date=1991-06-07&rft.aulast=Talmadge&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fdec80c065dcb59f2e77c3193daeb7264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderazzo1997" class="citation journal cs1">Calderazzo, John (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085498">"Fire in the Earth, Fire in the Soul: The Final Moments of Maurice and Katia Krafft"</a>. <i>Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment</i>. <b>4</b> (2): 71–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fisle%2F4.2.71">10.1093/isle/4.2.71</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085498">44085498</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207034022/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44085498">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Studies+in+Literature+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Fire+in+the+Earth%2C+Fire+in+the+Soul%3A+The+Final+Moments+of+Maurice+and+Katia+Krafft&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=71-77&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fisle%2F4.2.71&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44085498%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Calderazzo&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44085498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeriniere2022" class="citation web cs1">Veriniere, James (2022-07-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonherald.com/2022/07/22/fire-of-love-captures-scientists-romance-risk-taking-among-volcanoes/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Fire of Love' captures scientists' romance & risk taking among volcanoes"</a>. <i>Boston Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207034019/https://www.bostonherald.com/2022/07/22/fire-of-love-captures-scientists-romance-risk-taking-among-volcanoes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=%27Fire+of+Love%27+captures+scientists%27+romance+%26+risk+taking+among+volcanoes&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.aulast=Veriniere&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2F2022%2F07%2F22%2Ffire-of-love-captures-scientists-romance-risk-taking-among-volcanoes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herzog, Werner (2022) <i>The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft</i>. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CraterLoc-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CraterLoc_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacheleryLenatDi_MuroMichon2016" class="citation book cs1">Bachelery, P.; Lenat, J-F.; Di Muro, A.; Michon, L., eds. (2016). <i>Active Volcanoes of the Southwest Indian Ocean: Piton de la Fournaise and Katharla</i>. Berlin: Springer. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-31394-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-31394-3"><bdi>978-3-642-31394-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Active+Volcanoes+of+the+Southwest+Indian+Ocean%3A+Piton+de+la+Fournaise+and+Katharla&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-642-31394-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalFournaise-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalFournaise_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006230340/http://www.ipgp.fr/fr/ovpf/activite-historique-piton-de-fournaise">"Activité historique du Piton de la Fournaise"</a>. Observatoire volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipgp.fr/fr/ovpf/activite-historique-piton-de-fournaise">the original</a> on 6 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Activit%C3%A9+historique+du+Piton+de+la+Fournaise&rft.pub=Observatoire+volcanologique+du+Piton+de+la+Fournaise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipgp.fr%2Ffr%2Fovpf%2Factivite-historique-piton-de-fournaise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121085645/https://www.iavceivolcano.org/iavcei-awards/krafft-medal.html">"Krafft Medal"</a>. <i>www.iavceivolcano.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iavceivolcano.org/iavcei-awards/krafft-medal.html">the original</a> on 2021-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iavceivolcano.org&rft.atitle=Krafft+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iavceivolcano.org%2Fiavcei-awards%2Fkrafft-medal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hilo.hawaii.edu/csav/krafft.php">"Krafft Memorial Fund"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawai%CA%BBi_at_Hilo" title="University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo">University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114204027/https://hilo.hawaii.edu/csav/krafft.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Hawai%CA%BBi+at+Hilo&rft.atitle=Krafft+Memorial+Fund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhilo.hawaii.edu%2Fcsav%2Fkrafft.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Decouvertes-Gallimard/Decouvertes-Gallimard/Sciences-et-techniques/Les-Feux-de-la-terre">"<i>Les feux de la terre : Histoires de volcans</i>, collection Découvertes Gallimard (n° 113)"</a>. <i>gallimard.fr</i> (in French). Éditions Gallimard. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113161837/https://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Decouvertes-Gallimard/Decouvertes-Gallimard/Sciences-et-techniques/Les-Feux-de-la-terre">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gallimard.fr&rft.atitle=Les+feux+de+la+terre+%3A+Histoires+de+volcans%2C+collection+D%C3%A9couvertes+Gallimard+%28n%C2%B0+113%29&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallimard.fr%2FCatalogue%2FGALLIMARD%2FDecouvertes-Gallimard%2FDecouvertes-Gallimard%2FSciences-et-techniques%2FLes-Feux-de-la-terre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>National Geographic Society "Volcano" 60 minute VHS tape [52763] Columbia Tristar Home Video <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8001-2666-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8001-2666-1">0-8001-2666-1</a></li> <li>P.B.S. Nature: "The Volcano Watchers" 60 minute VHS tape [PBS 103] WNET Thirteen Copyright 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56111-504-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-56111-504-5">1-56111-504-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinard_Hinga2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rinard Hinga, B. D. (2015). "Krafft, Katja (Katia), and Krafft, Maurica". <i>Ring of Fire: An Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes: An Encyclopedia of the Pacific Rim's Earthquakes, Tsunamis, and Volcanoes</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 164–166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610692960" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610692960"><bdi>978-1610692960</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Krafft%2C+Katja+%28Katia%29%2C+and+Krafft%2C+Maurica&rft.btitle=Ring+of+Fire%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pacific+Rim%27s+Earthquakes%2C+Tsunamis%2C+and+Volcanoes%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pacific+Rim%27s+Earthquakes%2C+Tsunamis%2C+and+Volcanoes&rft.pages=164-166&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1610692960&rft.aulast=Rinard+Hinga&rft.aufirst=B.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlam1991" class="citation journal cs1">Flam, F. (June 14, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2876091">"Volcano Claims Scientists' Lives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i>. <b>252</b> (5012). <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>: 1488–1489. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.252.5012.1488.c">10.1126/science.252.5012.1488.c</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2876091">2876091</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17834863">17834863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Volcano+Claims+Scientists%27+Lives&rft.volume=252&rft.issue=5012&rft.pages=1488-1489&rft.date=1991-06-14&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17834863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2876091%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.252.5012.1488.c&rft.aulast=Flam&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2876091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKatia+and+Maurice+Krafft" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070520070950/http://www.imagesdevolcans.fr/">Images de volcans, Pictures, videos and sounds, taken by Maurice and Katia Krafft, and biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cvjwt9nnwXY"><span class="plainlinks">Mt. Unzen dome collapse triggers the pyroclastic flow that takes the lives of Maurice and Katia Craft</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n80090607">Katia Krafft </a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 9 library catalogue records</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n80090166">Maurice Krafft </a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 11 library catalogue records</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&oldid=1244580924">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katia_and_Maurice_Krafft&oldid=1244580924</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_deaths" title="Category:1991 deaths">1991 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_geologists" title="Category:20th-century French geologists">20th-century French geologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_French_women_scientists" title="Category:20th-century French women scientists">20th-century French women scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_volcanologists" title="Category:French volcanologists">French volcanologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_in_volcanic_eruptions" title="Category:Deaths in volcanic eruptions">Deaths in volcanic eruptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Alsace" title="Category:People from Alsace">People from Alsace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_disaster_deaths_in_Japan" title="Category:Natural disaster deaths in Japan">Natural disaster deaths in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filmed_deaths_during_natural_disasters" title="Category:Filmed deaths during natural disasters">Filmed deaths during natural disasters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Married_couples" title="Category:Married couples">Married couples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_women_geologists" title="Category:French women geologists">French women geologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_Roman_Catholics" title="Category:French Roman Catholics">French Roman Catholics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:Articles with French-language sources (fr)">Articles with French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 September 2024, at 22:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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